Båtførerkurset. Baatskolen Poseidon. Båtførerkurset, kveld2,

Transcription

1 Båtførerkurset 1

2 Velkommen til Båtførerkurset - 4.kveld 2

3 International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea COLREGS Applies to any vessel used at sea and directly connected waters Assigns a joint responsibility for safety to the owner, master and crew of a vessel "2(a) Nothing in these Rules shall exonerate any vessel, or the owner, master or crew thereof, from the consequences of any neglect to comply with these Rules or of the neglect of any precaution which may be required by the ordinary practice of seamen, or by the special circumstances of the case." 3

4 Safe speed Safe speed is not constant: Visibility: fog, rain, snow, darkness Traffic density The boat's manoeuvrability Draft Wind, current, waves Proximity to reefs and other dangers... speed limits, where these exist 4

5 Action to avoid collision Any action taken to avoid a collision shall be obvious, adequate and in good time Such an action can be: Change of course Change of speed or a combination The vessel not required to give way should generally maintain course and speed 5

6 Horn/light signals One short blast: I'm turning to starboard Two short blasts: I'm turning to port Three short blasts: I'm backing up Five or more short blasts: I'm concerned you are not taking sufficient action to avoid a collision 6

7 In narrow channels Keep well to starboard Smaller vessels capable of using shallower waters should leave the deeper waters to large vessels 7

8 Be considerate in narrow channels Cross at a right angle to minimize interference Keep good distance when rounding to port, give a meeting boat room to pass 8

9 More signals Arriving in narrow passages Overtaking 9

10 Traffic separation areas 10

11 Traffic separation in the chart 11

12 Definitions Power-driven vessel : Dinghy with outboard Supertanker Speedboat Sailboat currently being propelled by engine (with or without sails) Sailing vessel : Sailing dinghy Statsraad Lehmkuhl Sailboard Sailboat not being propelled by engine 12

13 Some general rules for giving way (with exceptions) Power-driven vessels give way to sailing vessels Both power-driven and sailing vessels should give way to vessels engaged in fishing (commercial, not recreational with a rod), NUC (not under command), RAM (restricted ability to maneuver) and CBD (constrained by draft) Leisure boats should give way to "useful" boats 13

14 Overtaking vessel to keep clear of the overtaken vessel Even when a sailing vessel is overtaking a powerdriven vessel Overtaking defined as > 22,5º abaft beam If in doubt, you are overtaking Overtaking (and giving way) until well clear 14

15 The overtaking vessel is in control The overtaking vessel has the full responsibility The overtaking vessel is to judge whether overtaking is possible The overtaking vessel chooses side Conclusion: It is all up to the overtaking vessel 15

16 Power-driven vessels meeting head-on Both turn to starboard Early and obvious! Remember Norwegian rule of leisure boats giving way 16

17 Power-driven vessels crossing When two power-driven vessels meet on crossing courses the vessel which has the other on it's starboard side shall give way Could you be overtaking?...and again the Norwegian rule of leisure boats 17

18 Giving way - doing it wrong Early obvious - adequate? 18

19 Sailboats crossing - wind from the same side When two sailboats meet so that there is danger of collision, the windward boat should give way to the leeward boat 19

20 Sailboats crossing - wind from different sides When two sailboats meet so there is danger of collision and they have wind from different sides, the boat with wind from it's port side should give way Wind is from the opposite side of the mainsail (not as obvious as one might think!) 20

21 What about the stand-on vessel? Maintain course and speed This makes it easier for the boat required to give way to do so in a good way 21

22 What if the boat required to give way doesn't? If the boat required to give way doesn't, the stand-to boat must react Turning to starboard may bring the boats on parallel courses Do NOT turn to port! 22

23 Horn signals in reduced visibility "I'm moving" I'm not moving 23

24 Horn signals when towing in reduced visibility 24

25 Running lights 25

26 The most common lights 26

27 Sidelights Each cover one side - port and starboard From directly ahead to 22,5º abaft the beam 27

28 Masthead and sternlight White Different height over the deck Masthead light is 225º, complete overlap with sidelights, sternlight covers the remaining 135º (sum of 360º) 28

29 A few more 360º white as anchorlight Combined lights for smaller boats 29

30 Power-driven meter Range: Masthead = 5 M Side and stern = 2 M 30

31 Power-driven < 20 meter Range (< 12 meter): Masthead = 3 M ( 2 ) Side = 2 M ( 1 ) Stern = 2 M ( 2 ) 31

32 Sailing vessels > 7 meter Notice the absence of masthead light when not using engine for propulsion 32

33 Sailing vessels often use combined lights Tricolor replaces side and sternlight Can use additional red and green 360º lights 33

34 Very small boat (< 7m / 7 knots) Single white 360º Use with great care, and keep away from other boats Sidelights are allowed and recommended! Find the error... 34

35 Vessel > 50 m has two masthead lights 2 masthead (225º) when underway Light abaft higher than light ahead 2 anchor (360º) lights when anchored Light ahead higher than light abaft 35

36 Fishing vessels have their own lights 36

37 Towing Tug with <200 m tow has double masthead light Tug with >200 m tow has triple masthead light Tug also has an orange («amber») light next to the usual sternlight, same 135º Find two errors... Never go between an orange light and a «sailboat»! 37

38 Special lights Not under command (NUC) "Restricted ability to maneuver (RAM) These in addition to other lights applicable to the boat/situation 38

39 More special lights Diver in the water, keep clear Diving boats will generally stay in place, just keep your distance and it will be ok Ship constrained by draft, will not give way, keep clear This drawing includes normal lights for power-driven vessel > 50 meter 39

40 Even more lights White over red pilot ahead Will also carry normal lights for power-driven vessel Police, customs and navy may cut the lights completely, but doing so means always being the give-way vessel 40

41 Even more... Don't understand the lights? Keep clear Three green lights in a triangle is mine clearing, keep very well clear! Don't go between several boats showing strange lights Orange flash on "small" boat is submarine Keep clear, they are very hard and bigger than you think 41

42 Day symbols To be shown where well visible 42

43 Day symbol for motoring sailboat A sailboat that has sails up, but is also using the engine for propulsion should display a point-down cone to indicate that it is to be regarded as a power-driven vessel 43

44 Flags 44

45 Noen av de viktigste signalflaggene A: diver, stay away 45

46 Requires a certificate Easily obtained, 8 hour course Channel 16 MAYDAY Unlike a cell phone not dependent on being in range of a network VHF/SRC 46

47 Various safety A modern VHF with DSC/GMDSS can be connected to a GPS, and an emergency signal can be sent by a single press of a button Dead man's switch stops the engine if the helmsman falls overboard, keeps him from being left behind. Collisions at high speed or sinking in fierce storms get the media attention, but most boaters die quietly in fair weather, falling into the sea when they least expected it The "standard" victim is an adult man with a slightly elevated blood alcohol level and an open zipper... 47

48 International emergency signals 48

49 International emergency signals 2 49

50 Til slutt - det viktigste av alt: 50