Weather and Climate. Climate the situation of the atmosphere during a long period of time and a big surface.

Transcription

1 Weather and Climate

2 Weather and Climate Weather the situation of the atmosphere during a short period of time and a small surface of the Earth. It is very irregular and changes a lot. Climate the situation of the atmosphere during a long period of time and a big surface.

3 The Elements of the Climate Temperature Rainfall Pressure Wind Humidity Cloud Cover

4 Temperature

5 Temperature How hot or cold something is Atmospheric temperature is measured with a thermometer in Celsius degrees (C ) The temperature of a place changes with the latitude

6 According to temperatures, the earth is divided into five zones: One hot zone, located between the tropics Two temperate zones, located between the poles and the tropics Two cold zones, that are located in the Arctic and Antarctic Pole

7 Precipitation

8 Precipitation Occurs when so much water has condensed that the air cannot hold it The clouds get heavy and water falls back to the earth in the form of rain, hail, sleet, and snow. Rain gauge is used to measure precipitations. It shows (in millimeters) the quantity of water fallen during a period of time

9 Pressure

10 Pressure Weight or force on a unit area of surface Air pressure = weight of air on a unit area

11 Pressure Amount of atmosphere pushing on you Greatest Pressure Sea Level ( mb) Measured by a barometer first invented by Torricelli in Measured with inches or millibars

12 High Pressure High and Dry Good Weather Air Sinks Diverges Cool Temperature High Density Low Moisture Anticyclone Outwards Wind Clockwise

13 Low Pressure Low and Lousy Bad Weather Air Rises Converges Warm Temperature Low Density High Moisture Cyclone Inward Winds Counterclockwise

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15 Pressure and Temperature High Pressure = Low Temperature Low Pressure = High Temperature Pressure and Temperature are indirectly proportional

16 Wind

17 Wind Horizontal Movement of Air HIGH PRESSURE CLOCKWISE AND OUTWARD LOW PRESSURE COUNTERCLOCKWISE AND INWARD Caused by Convection Uneven heating of the surface Warm air rise, cold air sink creating a convection cell Winds blow from high to low pressure

18 Wind Anemometer Wind Speed Wind Vane Wind Direction Wind named by direction they come from

19 Wind Speed Isobars Measure Equal Air Pressure Close together fast Far Apart slow Pressure Gradient biggest pressure change

20 36 mb 8 mb

21 Two Local Winds Sea Breeze Occur during the day Water Cool - high pressure air sinks Land Hot low pressure air rises Wind from the sea

22 Two Local Winds Land Breeze Occur during the night Land Cool - high pressure air sinks Water Hot low pressure air rises Wind from the land

23 Global Winds North Hemisphere Winds Curve Right South Hemisphere Winds Curve Left Coriolis Effect Curvature of Fluids due to Rotation

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25 Monsoons Northeast Monsoon Amihan Southwest Monsoon Habagat

26 Relative Humidity and Dew Point

27 Moisture in the Atmosphere 2 ways to measure moisture: Dew point Relative Humidity

28 Dew Point Temperature that air is saturated Saturated air is filled with moisture Precipitation, condensation, clouds

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30 Air Temperature and Dew Point When equal precipitation will occur Air is saturated at this point Relative humidity close to 100% When far apart beautiful clear skies Air is very dry!

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32 Relative Humidity Amount of moisture at a certain temperature Cold air has less capacity to hold moisture Warm air has more capacity to hold moisture

33 Air and Humidity Cold Air and Humidity Contracts Not a lot of room for moisture Molecules squeeze Very Dense Sinks Water vapor fills up cold air very quickly Warm Air and Humidity Expands A ton of room for moisture Molecules expand Low Density Rises Has the capacity to hold a lot of moisture

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36 Temperature increases, Humidity decreases Indirect relationship

37 QUESTIONS?