Ocean Motion. Ocean Currents. Before You Read. Read to Learn

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Ocean Motion. Ocean Currents. Before You Read. Read to Learn"

Transcription

1 chapter 18 3 Ocean Motion section 2 Ocean Currents What You ll Learn the Coriolis effect what influences surface currents the temperature of coastal waters about density currents Before You Read Imagine that you are stirring chocolate into a glass of milk with a spoon. How does the milk move? What happens when you stir faster? Study Coach Ask Authentic Questions Before you read, write down questions you may have about currents in the ocean. Then, try to answer them from the material in this section. B Organize Information Make the following Foldable from a half sheet of notebook paper to summarize information about currents in the northern and southern hemispheres. N Clockwise currents Equator Counterclockwise currents S Read to Learn Surface Currents When you stir chocolate into a glass of milk, the milk swirls around the glass in a circle. This is similar to the way an ocean current moves. Ocean currents are a mass movement, or flow, of ocean water. Think of an ocean current as a river moving within the ocean. A surface current is a current that moves water horizontally, or parallel to Earth s surface. Surface currents are powered by wind blowing over the water. The wind forces the water in the ocean to move in huge, circular patterns. In fact, the currents on the ocean s surface are related to the circulation of the winds on Earth. However, these currents don t affect the deep sections of the ocean. They move only the upper few hundred meters of seawater. Some seeds and plants are carried between continents by surface currents. Sailors have relied on surface currents and winds to make sailing easier. You can see some surface currents in the figure on the next page. The arrows show the circular direction that the currents follow. Some of the currents are caused by warm winds and some are caused by cool winds. 280 Ocean Motion

2 517_p01-16_MSS05_RE 8/17/04 4:10 PM Page 7 impos05 301:goscanc:Reading Essentials - ES - 1:layouts: Major Surface Currents of Earth s Oceans Per West Wind Drift u West Wind Drift How do surface currents form? Surface ocean currents and surface winds are affected by the Coriolis (kor ee OH lus) effect. The Coriolis effect is the shifting of winds and surface currents from their expected paths because of Earth s rotation. Earth rotates toward the east. Because of this, winds in the northern hemisphere turn to their right and winds in the southern hemisphere turn to their left. These surface winds can cause water to pile up in certain parts of the ocean. When gravity pulls water off the pile, the Coriolis effect turns the water. This causes surface water in oceans to spiral, or circle, around the piles of water. Look again at the map of major surface currents. The circular patterns that you see are caused by the Coriolis effect. The currents north of the equator circle to their right. Currents south of the equator circle to their left. u ela ng Br az il Equatori al or ea th Equatorial m an Equatorial Counter Equato h rial ut So Falkland Agul has ib North Equatorial Counter South C a n a ry G Car ni a North Equator ial r Equatorial Cou nte q E u h atorial Sout be l oria u at North E q N ul f S tr Ala sk a No rth r ado L ab r r ifo C al North Pacific rift ic D t lan At Be Picture This 1. Identify Name one current that affects the oceans around North America s coasts. 2. Summarize How can surface currents be helpful to ships? What is the Gulf Stream? Much of what is known about surface currents comes from records that were kept by sailors in the nineteenth century. Sailors always have used surface currents to make traveling easier. Sailors heading west use surface currents that flow west. Sailors heading east use currents such as the Gulf Stream. The Gulf Stream is a 100-km-wide surface current in the Atlantic Ocean. When America was still a colony of England, sailors noticed that trips to England were faster than trips from England. Going eastward with the Gulf Stream made the journey quicker. Reading Essentials 281

3 3. Infer What could scientists learn about currents from a drift bottle s trip? 4. Explain What happens during upwelling? How are surface currents tracked? Items that wash up on beaches, such as bottles, can provide information about ocean currents. One method used to track surface currents is to release drift bottles into the ocean. Drift bottles are released from a variety of coastal locations. Inside each bottle, a message and a numbered card state where and when the bottle was released. When the bottle washes ashore, the person who finds it may notice the card inside. The person will fill out the card with the information about when and where it washed ashore. The card is returned to the research team and provides valuable information about the surface currents that carried the bottle. How do warm and cold surface currents affect the climate? Look at the map of surface currents again. Notice that some currents start near the north and south poles, and other currents start near the equator. Currents on the west coasts of continents begin near the poles where the water is colder. The California Current is an example of such a current. It starts near the north pole and is a cold surface current. Currents on the east coast of continents start near the equator where the water is warmer. The Gulf Stream starts in waters near the equator and is a warm surface current. As a warm surface current flows away from the equator, heat is released to the atmosphere. The atmosphere is warmed. The transfer of heat helps determine climate. Upwelling Recall that surface currents carry water horizontally parallel to Earth s surface. Water also travels vertically, from the bottom to the top of the ocean. Upwelling is a vertical circulation in the ocean that brings deep, cold water to the ocean surface. Along some coasts of continents, wind blowing parallel to the coast carries water away from the land because of the Coriolis effect. Cold water from deep in the ocean rises up to replace it. The cold water is full of nutrients from organisms that died, sank to the bottom, and decayed. Fish are attracted to these nutrient-rich areas. Areas of upwelling are important fishing grounds. The figure on the next page illustrates upwelling off the coast of Peru. 282 Ocean Motion

4 Upwelling Picture This 5. Infer Why does upwelling around Peru make Peru a rich fishing ground? Water movement Southerly wind Upwelling Density Currents Deep in the ocean, there is no wind to move the water. Instead, differences in density cause water to circulate or move. Cold water is more dense than warm water. Salty water is more dense than less salty water. A density current forms when a mass of seawater becomes more dense than the surrounding water. Gravity causes this dense water to sink beneath less dense seawater. The deep, dense water spreads to the rest of the ocean. Changes in temperature and salinity work together to create density currents. A density current moves water very slowly. Where are density currents found? One important density current begins in Antarctica. In winter, the seawater there is more dense than at any other time. When seawater freezes, the salt is left behind in the unfrozen water. This extra salt increases the seawater s density and causes it to sink. Slowly, the water begins to spread along the ocean bottom toward the equator forming a density current. In the Pacific Ocean, it could take up to 1,000 years for the water in this density current to reach the equator. 6. Sequence of Events Number the events to show the order in which a density current forms in Antarctica. seawater freezes unfrozen seawater sinks dense seawater spreads along ocean floor Reading Essentials 283

5 7. Think Critically Which is more dense, the Antarctic current or the North Atlantic Deep Water? Picture This 8. Interpret Scientific Illustrations Which layer of water shown in the figure is most dense? North Atlantic Deep Water Another density current starts in the North Atlantic Ocean. Around Norway, Greenland, and Labrador, cold, dense waters form and sink. They form what is known as North Atlantic Deep Water. This water covers the floor of the northern one-third to one-half of the Atlantic Ocean. In the southern part of the Atlantic Ocean, this current meets the density current from Antarctica. The Antarctic density current is colder and denser. The North Atlantic Deep Water floats just above it. Density currents circulate more quickly in the Atlantic Ocean than in the Pacific Ocean. In the Atlantic, a density current could circulate in 275 years. Do density currents affect other waters? Density currents also occur in the Mediterranean Sea. The sea connects to the Atlantic Ocean by a narrow passage called the Strait of Gibraltar. Warm temperatures and dry air in the Mediterranean region cause the seawater to evaporate. The salts remain behind. This increases the salinity and density of the sea. The dense, salty water travels through the Straits of Gibraltar into the Atlantic Ocean. Because it is much denser than water at the surface of the ocean, it sinks. However, it is not as dense as the very cold, salty water of the North Atlantic Deep Water. So, the water from the Mediterranean floats above it. It forms a middle layer known as the Mediterranean Intermediate Water. You can see the different water layers in the figure below. Mediterranean Sea Surface water Mediterranean Intermediate Water North Atlantic Deep Water Evaporation 284 Ocean Motion

6 After You Read Mini Glossary Coriolis effect: the shifting of winds and surface currents from their expected paths that is caused by Earth s rotation density current: a current that forms in the ocean because a mass of seawater becomes more dense than the surrounding water and sinks surface current: a current in the ocean that moves water horizontally, or parallel to Earth s surface upwelling: a vertical circulation in the ocean that brings deep, cold water to the ocean surface 1. Review the terms and their definitions in the Mini Glossary. Write a sentence that explains where density currents and surface currents are found. 2. Complete the spider map about the Coriolis effect. List some of the results on ocean currents of the Coriolis effect. currents to circle to their in the northern hemisphere surface water to or circle Coriolis effect causes currents to circle to their left in the hemisphere 3. Before you read this section, you wrote down questions you had about ocean currents. Were you able to answer any of those questions? What information would you still like to learn about ocean currents? Visit earth.msscience.com to access your textbook, interactive games, and projects to help you learn more about ocean currents. End of Section Reading Essentials 285

1 Currents. TAKE A LOOK 2. Read a Map In what direction does the Gulf Stream flow?

1 Currents. TAKE A LOOK 2. Read a Map In what direction does the Gulf Stream flow? CHAPTER 5 1 Currents SECTION The Movement of Ocean Water BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What factors affect ocean currents? Why are ocean currents

More information

Duckies have been found in Hawaii, Alaska, S. America, Scotland, Washington state and Australia as of 2012.

Duckies have been found in Hawaii, Alaska, S. America, Scotland, Washington state and Australia as of 2012. Duckies have been found in Hawaii, Alaska, S. America, Scotland, Washington state and Australia as of 2012. We learned that it takes 3 years to complete one circuit of the North Pacific Gyre flow in the

More information

Lesson: Ocean Circulation

Lesson: Ocean Circulation Lesson: Ocean Circulation By Keith Meldahl Corresponding to Chapter 9: Ocean Circulation As this figure shows, there is a connection between the prevailing easterly and westerly winds (discussed in Chapter

More information

EARTH, PLANETARY, & SPACE SCIENCES 15 INTRODUCTION TO OCEANOGRAPHY. LABORATORY SESSION #6 Fall Ocean Circulation

EARTH, PLANETARY, & SPACE SCIENCES 15 INTRODUCTION TO OCEANOGRAPHY. LABORATORY SESSION #6 Fall Ocean Circulation EARTH, PLANETARY, & SPACE SCIENCES 15 INTRODUCTION TO OCEANOGRAPHY LABORATORY SESSION #6 Fall 2017 Ocean Circulation The focus of the Lab this week is circulation of the ocean and atmosphere. Here, you

More information

Ocean Motion Notes. Chapter 13 & 14

Ocean Motion Notes. Chapter 13 & 14 Ocean Motion Notes Chapter 13 & 14 What is a Wave? Wave: movement of energy through a body of water How are Waves Caused? Caused mostly by wind Wind blowing on the water transmits energy to the water Size

More information

Ocean Circulation. Si Hui Lee and Frances Wen. You can access ME at

Ocean Circulation. Si Hui Lee and Frances Wen. You can access ME at Ocean Circulation Si Hui Lee and Frances Wen You can access ME at http://tinyurl.com/oceancirculation Earth - the blue planet - 71% area covered by the oceans - 3/4 of ocean area between 3000-6000m deep

More information

Section 6. The Surface Circulation of the Ocean. What Do You See? Think About It. Investigate. Learning Outcomes

Section 6. The Surface Circulation of the Ocean. What Do You See? Think About It. Investigate. Learning Outcomes Chapter 5 Winds, Oceans, Weather, and Climate Section 6 The Surface Circulation of the Ocean What Do You See? Learning Outcomes In this section, you will Understand the general paths of surface ocean currents.

More information

Currents & Gyres Notes

Currents & Gyres Notes Currents & Gyres Notes Current A river of water flowing in the ocean. 2 Types of Currents Surface Currents wind-driven currents that occur in the top 100m or less Deep Currents density-driven currents

More information

Deep Water Currents Lab

Deep Water Currents Lab Deep Water Currents Lab Background: Anyone visiting the seashore is struck by the constant motion of water traveling on the surface of the ocean in the form of waves. But beneath the ocean's surface, water

More information

Ocean Currents that Redistribute Heat Globally

Ocean Currents that Redistribute Heat Globally Ocean Currents that Redistribute Heat Globally Ocean Circulation Ocean Currents Fig. CO7 OCEAN CURRENTS Surface ocean currents are similar to wind patterns: 1. Driven by Coriolis forces 2. Driven by winds

More information

10% water in the world is tied up in the surface ocean currents. (above the pycnocline) Primary source is wind: Westerlies, Trades, Polar Easterlies

10% water in the world is tied up in the surface ocean currents. (above the pycnocline) Primary source is wind: Westerlies, Trades, Polar Easterlies Oceanography Chapter 9 10% water in the world is tied up in the surface ocean currents. (above the pycnocline) Primary source is wind: Westerlies, Trades, Polar Easterlies Coriolis deflects winds (and

More information

170 points. 38 points In your textbook, read about modern oceanography. For each item write the word that meets the description.

170 points. 38 points In your textbook, read about modern oceanography. For each item write the word that meets the description. Ch 15 Earth s Oceans SECTION 15.1 An Overview of Oceans 38 points In your textbook, read about modern oceanography. For each item write the word that meets the description. (5 points) 1. German research

More information

Chapter 22, Section 1 - Ocean Currents. Section Objectives

Chapter 22, Section 1 - Ocean Currents. Section Objectives Chapter 22, Section 1 - Ocean Currents Section Objectives Intro Surface Currents Factors Affecting Ocean Currents Global Wind Belts (you should draw and label a diagram of the global wind belts) The Coriolis

More information

Prevailing Winds. The Coriolis Effect

Prevailing Winds. The Coriolis Effect Prevailing Winds 1. Wind: a movement of air in the atmosphere. Bill Nye wind (2 minutes) 2. Local or regional wind: occur in fairly small areas. 3. Prevailing winds: Major wind pattern that affect large

More information

Ocean Layers. Based on sunlight penetration: Based on water density: Sunlight (photosynthesis is possible) Twilight Midnight

Ocean Layers. Based on sunlight penetration: Based on water density: Sunlight (photosynthesis is possible) Twilight Midnight PART 3 Ocean Layers Based on sunlight penetration: Sunlight (photosynthesis is possible) Twilight Midnight Based on water density: Mixed layer Pycnocline (rapid change of themperature/salinity) Deep ocean

More information

Ocean Current Worksheet

Ocean Current Worksheet Ocean Current Worksheet Temperature Affects and Surface Currents: Surface waters of the Earth s oceans are forced to move, primarily by winds. Where winds blow in the same direction for a long period of

More information

Chapter 9: Circulation of the Ocean

Chapter 9: Circulation of the Ocean Chapter 9: Circulation of the Ocean Tropical gardens on Britain s Scilly Isles. Only 48 kilometers (30 miles) off the coast of Cornwall at 50 N, these scenic islands lie in the path of the warm waters

More information

W3 Global Circulation Systems

W3 Global Circulation Systems W3 Global Circulation Systems Which regions of Earth receive the most energy from the Sun? If not for global circulation systems There would only be two narrow regions that would support life What

More information

Ocean water is constantly in motion, powered by many different

Ocean water is constantly in motion, powered by many different Section 16.1 16.1 Circulation 1 FOCUS Section Objectives 16.1 Explain how surface currents develop. 16.2 Describe how ocean currents affect climate. 16.3 State the importance of upwelling. 16.4 Describe

More information

Introduction to Oceanography OCE 1001

Introduction to Oceanography OCE 1001 Introduction to Oceanography OCE 1001 Lecture Notes Chantale Bégin & Jessica Fry Version 2.1 10. Ocean Circulation (Trujillo, Chapter 7) Major ocean currents are stable and predictable; they have been

More information

Directed Reading. Section: Ocean Currents. a(n). FACTORS THAT AFFECT SURFACE CURRENTS

Directed Reading. Section: Ocean Currents. a(n). FACTORS THAT AFFECT SURFACE CURRENTS Skills Worksheet Directed Reading Section: Ocean Currents 1. A horizontal movement of water in a well-defined pattern is called a(n). 2. What are two ways that oceanographers identify ocean currents? 3.

More information

Lecture 5.1 Surface Ocean Circulation. Image from Daily Mail Newspaper, UK

Lecture 5.1 Surface Ocean Circulation. Image from Daily Mail Newspaper, UK Lecture 5.1 Surface Ocean Circulation Image from Daily Mail Newspaper, UK Announcements Midterm is Thursday, consists of 25 multiple choice, 3 pages short answer questions No Scantron needed Calculators,

More information

Wednesday, September 27, 2017 Test Monday, about half-way through grading. No D2L Assessment this week, watch for one next week

Wednesday, September 27, 2017 Test Monday, about half-way through grading. No D2L Assessment this week, watch for one next week Wednesday, September 27, 2017 Test Monday, about half-way through grading No D2L Assessment this week, watch for one next week Homework 3 Climate Variability (due Monday, October 9) Quick comment on Coriolis

More information

CHAPTER 7 Ocean Circulation

CHAPTER 7 Ocean Circulation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 CHAPTER 7 Ocean Circulation Words Ocean currents Moving seawater Surface ocean currents Transfer heat from warmer to cooler areas Similar to pattern of major wind belts

More information

Name Date L.O: SWBAT explain what breezes, planetary winds, ocean currents & monsoons are.

Name Date L.O: SWBAT explain what breezes, planetary winds, ocean currents & monsoons are. Name Date L.O: SWBAT explain what breezes, planetary winds, ocean currents & monsoons are. 1. A cool breeze is blowing toward the land from the ocean on a warm, cloudless summer day. This condition is

More information

Earth s Atmosphere. Air Currents

Earth s Atmosphere. Air Currents CHAPTER 12 Earth s Atmosphere LESSON 3 Air Currents What do you think? Read the two statements below and decide whether you agree or disagree with them. Place an A in the Before column if you agree with

More information

3 Global Winds and Local Winds

3 Global Winds and Local Winds CHAPTER 15 3 Global Winds and Local Winds SECTION The Atmosphere BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What causes wind? What is the Coriolis effect?

More information

Ocean Currents Unit (4 pts)

Ocean Currents Unit (4 pts) Name: Section: Ocean Currents Unit (Topic 9A-1) page 1 Ocean Currents Unit (4 pts) Ocean Currents An ocean current is like a river in the ocean: water is flowing traveling from place to place. Historically,

More information

Current: large mass of continuously moving ocean water

Current: large mass of continuously moving ocean water Ocean Currents Current: large mass of continuously moving ocean water Surface Currents--Wind Circulation These waters make up about 10% of all the water in the ocean. These waters are the upper 400 meters

More information

Name Class Date. Use the terms from the following list to complete the sentences below. Each term may be used only once. Some terms may not be used.

Name Class Date. Use the terms from the following list to complete the sentences below. Each term may be used only once. Some terms may not be used. Assessment Chapter Test B The Movement of Ocean Water USING KEY TERMS Use the terms from the following list to complete the sentences below. Each term may be used only once. Some terms may not be used.

More information

OCEANOGRAPHY STUDY GUIDE

OCEANOGRAPHY STUDY GUIDE OCEANOGRAPHY STUDY GUIDE Chapter 2 Section 1 1. Most abundant salt in ocean. Sodium chloride; NaCl 2. Amount of Earth covered by Water 71% 3. Four oceans: What are they? Atlantic, Pacific, Arctic, Indian

More information

Ocean Currents Lecture Notes

Ocean Currents Lecture Notes Ocean Currents Lecture Notes (Topic 9A) page 1 Ocean Currents Lecture Notes Surface Currents Ocean Currents (What is an ocean current? How is a current different from a wave?) The water in an travels from

More information

What is an ocean current? 1. wind action: the force of the wind blowing over the top of the water 2. spin of Earth 3. shape of the continents

What is an ocean current? 1. wind action: the force of the wind blowing over the top of the water 2. spin of Earth 3. shape of the continents Ocean Currents Textbook pages 414 427 Before You Read Section 11.2 Summary What forces do you think cause ocean water to move? Do you think ocean water moves the same way everywhere in the ocean? Write

More information

Agronomy 406 World Climates

Agronomy 406 World Climates Agronomy 406 World Climates January 30, 2018 Monsoons. Ocean properties and circulation. Review for today: Online textbook: 1.3.1 (Sea water) Composition and properties. For Thursday: Rahmstorf, S.: The

More information

Assessment Schedule 2016 Earth and Space Science: Demonstrate understanding of processes in the ocean system (91413)

Assessment Schedule 2016 Earth and Space Science: Demonstrate understanding of processes in the ocean system (91413) NCEA Level 3 Earth & Space Science (91413) 2016 page 1 of 6 Assessment Schedule 2016 Earth and Space Science: Demonstrate processes in the ocean system (91413) Evidence Statement Q Evidence with with Excellence

More information

The Movement of Ocean Water. Currents

The Movement of Ocean Water. Currents The Movement of Ocean Water Currents Ocean Current movement of ocean water that follows a regular pattern influenced by: weather Earth s rotation position of continents Surface current horizontal movement

More information

ATOMOSPERIC PRESSURE, WIND & CIRCULATION

ATOMOSPERIC PRESSURE, WIND & CIRCULATION ATOMOSPERIC PRESSURE, WIND & CIRCULATION A. INTRODUCTION Important because: pressure patterns drive wind patterns which in turn drive oceanic circulation patterns o atmospheric & oceanic circulation: major

More information

For Class Today How does ocean water circulate? Ocean currents, surface currents, gyres, currents & climate, upwelling, deep ocean circulation

For Class Today How does ocean water circulate? Ocean currents, surface currents, gyres, currents & climate, upwelling, deep ocean circulation For Class Today Modified Cornell Notes on section 16.1 (pg. 448-453) **Follow the guide in your ISN and previous notes for help** Heading: How does ocean water circulate? Left hand side categories: Ocean

More information

Chapter: Atmosphere Section 3: Air Movement

Chapter: Atmosphere Section 3: Air Movement Table of Contents Chapter: Atmosphere Section 3: Air Movement We will learn about Air Movement=Wind -Why different latitudes on Earth will receive different amounts of Solar Energy -The Coriolis Effect

More information

3 Global Winds and Local Winds

3 Global Winds and Local Winds CHAPTER 1 3 Global Winds and Local Winds SECTION The Atmosphere BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What causes wind? What is the Coriolis effect?

More information

Write about this. Have you ever experienced a very strong wind gust? What happened? Have you ever felt a gentle breeze? What did it feel like?

Write about this. Have you ever experienced a very strong wind gust? What happened? Have you ever felt a gentle breeze? What did it feel like? Write about this. Have you ever experienced a very strong wind gust? What happened? Have you ever felt a gentle breeze? What did it feel like? How wind works Winds flow on earth based on differences in

More information

Winds and Ocean Circulations

Winds and Ocean Circulations Winds and Ocean Circulations AT 351 Lab 5 February 20, 2008 Sea Surface Temperatures 1 Temperature Structure of the Ocean Ocean Currents 2 What causes ocean circulation? The direction of most ocean currents

More information

GEOGRAPHY - STD 8 [ ] Q1.

GEOGRAPHY - STD 8 [ ] Q1. GEOGRAPHY - STD 8 Movements of Oceans [2016-2017] Q1. Name the two types of regular movements in the oceans. Ans. The regular movements in the ocean are of two types: 1. Horizontal Ocean currents 2. Vertical

More information

Wind in the Atmosphere

Wind in the Atmosphere Lesson 2 Wind in the Atmosphere ESSENTIAL QUESTION What is wind? By the end of this lesson, you should be able to explain how energy provided by the sun causes atmospheric movement, called wind. p 6.ESS2.2,

More information

Monday, October 2, Watch for new assessment (Week 4/5 review) TA s have your tests, please see key (at course website)

Monday, October 2, Watch for new assessment (Week 4/5 review) TA s have your tests, please see key (at course website) Monday, October 2, 2017 Watch for new assessment (Week 4/5 review) TA s have your tests, please see key (at course website) Homework 3 Due date Wednesday, Oct 11 (8 pm) Be ready to watch another important

More information

Role of the oceans in the climate system

Role of the oceans in the climate system Role of the oceans in the climate system heat exchange and transport hydrological cycle and air-sea exchange of moisture wind, currents, and upwelling gas exchange and carbon cycle Heat transport Two Primary

More information

OCN201 Spring14 1. Name: Class: Date: True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

OCN201 Spring14 1. Name: Class: Date: True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. Name: Class: _ Date: _ OCN201 Spring14 1 True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. 1. Short residence time elements are uniformly distributed in the oceans 2. Thermohaline circulation

More information

Station 1: Solar Radiation on Earth

Station 1: Solar Radiation on Earth Station 1: Solar Radiation on Earth Activity Procedures 1. Choose one person to be the Sun. 2. Standing an arm s length away from the globe, have the Sun classmate hold the flashlight level with the equator,

More information

Ocean Circulation, Food Webs and Climate What does the wind have to do with feeding fish (and feeding us)?

Ocean Circulation, Food Webs and Climate What does the wind have to do with feeding fish (and feeding us)? Ocean Circulation, Food Webs and Climate What does the wind have to do with feeding fish (and feeding us)? El Niño: Tropical Oceans and Global Climate Reading: 9.10-9.13, 9.15 Graphic: Upwelling off Cape

More information

IX. Upper Ocean Circulation

IX. Upper Ocean Circulation IX. Upper Ocean Circulation World Ocean Covers 71% of Earth s surface Contains 97% of surface water Arctic Ocean NH: 61% ocean, 39% land Pacific Ocean Atlantic Ocean Southern Ocean Indian Ocean SH: 81%

More information

Introduction to Physical Oceanography STUDENT NOTES Date: 1. What do you know about solar radiation at different parts of the world?

Introduction to Physical Oceanography STUDENT NOTES Date: 1. What do you know about solar radiation at different parts of the world? Introduction to Physical Oceanography STUDENT NOTES Date: 1 Warm up What do you know about solar radiation at different parts of the world? What affect does the tilt of the Earth have on the northern and

More information

General Oceanography Geology 105 Expedition #19 The Ocean and Climate

General Oceanography Geology 105 Expedition #19 The Ocean and Climate General Oceanography Geology 105 Expedition #19 The Ocean and Climate Name Not attempting to answer questions on expeditions will result in point deductions on course workbook (two or more blank answers

More information

Chapter 10: Global Wind Systems

Chapter 10: Global Wind Systems Chapter 10: Global Wind Systems Three-cell model of atmospheric circulation Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) Typical surface wind patterns Upper-level pressure and winds Climatological sea-level pressure

More information

Global Winds and Local Winds

Global Winds and Local Winds Global Winds and Local Winds National Science Education Standards ES 1j What is the Coriolis effect? What are the major global wind systems on Earth? What Causes Wind? Wind is moving air caused by differences

More information

9.3. Storing Thermal Energy. Transferring Thermal Energy

9.3. Storing Thermal Energy. Transferring Thermal Energy 9.3 If you have been to a beach on a hot summer day, you have likely cooled off by going for a dip in the water. The water, which is cooler than you are, removes thermal energy from your body, making you

More information

3 Global Winds and Local Winds

3 Global Winds and Local Winds CHAPTER 6 3 Global Winds and Local Winds SECTION The Atmosphere BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What causes wind? What is the Coriolis effect?

More information

Earth s oceans covers 71 % _ of the planet s surface. In reality, Earth s ocean waters are all. interconnected as part of a single large global ocean.

Earth s oceans covers 71 % _ of the planet s surface. In reality, Earth s ocean waters are all. interconnected as part of a single large global ocean. Ocean Motion Met 101: Introduction to the World's Oceans Produced by The COMET Program Geography: Name Pd. Earth s oceans covers 71 % _ of the planet s surface. In reality, Earth s ocean waters are all

More information

OCN 201 Surface Circulation

OCN 201 Surface Circulation OCN 201 Surface Circulation Excess heat in equatorial regions requires redistribution toward the poles 1 In the Northern hemisphere, Coriolis force deflects movement to the right In the Southern hemisphere,

More information

Sailing the Seas: Wind Driven Ocean Circulation Ocean Gyres

Sailing the Seas: Wind Driven Ocean Circulation Ocean Gyres Sailing the Seas: Wind Driven Ocean Circulation Ocean Gyres Ocean Currents What Happens at the Coast? Readings: Ch 9: 9.2-9.6, 9.8-9.13 Graphic: America's Cup sailboat race off Newport, Rhode Island. J.

More information

OCEANS. Main Ideas. Lesson 2: Ocean Currents Ocean Currents help distribute heat around Earth.

OCEANS. Main Ideas. Lesson 2: Ocean Currents Ocean Currents help distribute heat around Earth. Oceans Chapter 10 OCEANS Main Ideas Lesson 2: Ocean Currents Ocean Currents help distribute heat around Earth. Lesson 3: The Ocean Shore The shore is shaped by the movement of water and sand. OCEANS SO

More information

HYDROSPHERE, OCEANS AND TIDES

HYDROSPHERE, OCEANS AND TIDES HYDROSPHERE, OCEANS AND TIDES Revision 10x10learning.com 1 Chapter 12. In the Earth s Atmosphere On surface of the Earth Under the ground Hydrosphere comprises of ALL WATER Water Vapour = 0.001% Is very

More information

ATS150: Global Climate Change. Oceans and Climate. Icebergs. Scott Denning CSU 1

ATS150: Global Climate Change. Oceans and Climate. Icebergs. Scott Denning CSU 1 The Oceans Wind-Driven Gyre Circulations Icebergs Scott Denning CSU 1 Surface Balance of Forces friction coriolis wind stress resultant current Wind stress accelerates surface water Friction couples surface

More information

Life in the Current. Beyond the Book. FOCUS Book

Life in the Current. Beyond the Book. FOCUS Book FOCUS Book Eddies often form on the edges of a fast-moving ocean current. Make a model of an eddy. Fill a clear plastic bowl with warm tap water. Slowly stir the water to make it swirl. Predict what will

More information

Wind Movement and Global and Local Winds

Wind Movement and Global and Local Winds Wind Movement and Global and Local Winds In previous lessons, you learned that the uneven heating of Earth s surface by the Sun causes some areas to be warmer than others. This uneven heating of land forms

More information

Read each slide, some slides have information to record on your organizer. Some slides have numbers that go with the question or red and underlined

Read each slide, some slides have information to record on your organizer. Some slides have numbers that go with the question or red and underlined Read each slide, some slides have information to record on your organizer. Some slides have numbers that go with the question or red and underlined to use for answering the questions. Essential Question:

More information

Water on Earth. How do oceans relate to weather and the atmosphere? Solar Radiation and Convection Currents

Water on Earth. How do oceans relate to weather and the atmosphere? Solar Radiation and Convection Currents Earth is often called the Blue Planet because so much of its surface (about 71%) is covered by water. Of all the water on Earth, about 96.5% is held in the world s oceans. As you can imagine, these oceans

More information

El Niño Lecture Notes

El Niño Lecture Notes El Niño Lecture Notes There is a huge link between the atmosphere & ocean. The oceans influence the atmosphere to affect climate, but the atmosphere also influences the ocean, which can also affect climate.

More information

Wind and Wind Patterns

Wind and Wind Patterns Wind and Wind Patterns What is Weather? Weather is the condition of Earth s atmosphere at a particular time and place. What is Wind? Wind is air moving across the surface of the Earth. It can move horizontally

More information

OCN 201, Chemistry & Physics Section

OCN 201, Chemistry & Physics Section , A 1-April-2015 Name: Answer the True/False and Multiple Choice questions on the scantron sheet. Answer the remaining questions on this exam handout. Turn in both the scantron and exam at the end of class.

More information

Name: OBJECTIVES: By the end of today s lesson, you will be able to

Name: OBJECTIVES: By the end of today s lesson, you will be able to 7 th Grade Science Unit: Water s Cycles and Patterns Lesson: WCP 21 Name: Date: Monday, October 3, 2016 Homeroom: _ OBJECTIVES: By the end of today s lesson, you will be able to SWBAT Explain how currents

More information

Chapter 6: Atmospheric Pressure, Wind, and Global Circulation

Chapter 6: Atmospheric Pressure, Wind, and Global Circulation Discovering Physical Geography Third Edition by Alan Arbogast Chapter 6: Atmospheric Pressure, Wind, and Global Circulation Factors That Influence Air Pressure Air Pressure is the measured weight of air

More information

Wind in the Atmosphere

Wind in the Atmosphere Lesson 1 Wind in the Atmosphere Essential Question What is wind? By the end of this lesson, you should be able to explain how energy provided by the sun causes atmospheric movement, called wind. 8.10A

More information

Quiz name: Oceanography - Land and Sea Interaction - Quiz #2

Quiz name: Oceanography - Land and Sea Interaction - Quiz #2 Name: Quiz name: Oceanography - Land and Sea Interaction - Quiz #2 ate: 1. What is the direction of spin for gyres in the northern hemisphere? clockwise counter clockwise northern oscillation southern

More information

Our Climate: A Global Challenge. Academy of Lifelong Learning Denver, CO April 9, 2015

Our Climate: A Global Challenge. Academy of Lifelong Learning Denver, CO April 9, 2015 Our Climate: A Global Challenge Academy of Lifelong Learning Denver, CO April 9, 2015 Oceans Thermohaline Circulation It takes water 500 to 1000 years to go around the planet. Thermohaline Circulation,

More information

2 Air Masses and Fronts

2 Air Masses and Fronts CHAPTER 16 2 Air Masses and Fronts SECTION Understanding Weather BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: How is an air mass different from a front? How

More information

Friday, February 8 th. Winds/Coriolis Worksheet: Due Today Lab Worksheet: Finish Questions

Friday, February 8 th. Winds/Coriolis Worksheet: Due Today Lab Worksheet: Finish Questions Ocean Currents Friday, February 8 th Winds/Coriolis Worksheet: Due Today Lab Worksheet: Finish Questions Non-rotating Earth Convection cell model Add rotation and add landmasses unequal heating and cooling

More information

SIO 210 Final examination Wednesday, December 11, PM Sumner auditorium Name:

SIO 210 Final examination Wednesday, December 11, PM Sumner auditorium Name: SIO 210 Final examination Wednesday, December 11, 2013 2-5 PM Sumner auditorium Name: Turn off all phones, ipods, etc. and put them away. This is a closed book exam. You may use one page of notes, both

More information

Zonal (East-West) Currents. Wind-Driven Ocean Currents. Zonal (East-West) Currents. Meridional (N-S) Currents

Zonal (East-West) Currents. Wind-Driven Ocean Currents. Zonal (East-West) Currents. Meridional (N-S) Currents Wind-Driven Ocean Currents Similarities between winds & surface currents Zonal (East-West) Currents Trade winds push currents westward north & south of the equator Equatorial currents. Up to 100 cm/sec.

More information

7-1 What Factors Influence Climate?

7-1 What Factors Influence Climate? Key Questions and Concepts 7-1 What factors influence climate? CONCEPT 7-1 An area s climate is determined mostly by solar radiation, the earth s rotation, global patterns of air and water movement, gases

More information

Chapter. The Dynamic Ocean

Chapter. The Dynamic Ocean Chapter The Dynamic Ocean An ocean current is the mass of ocean water that flows from one place to another. 16.1 The Composition of Seawater Surface Circulation Surface Currents Surface currents are movements

More information

Fluid Circulation (Student Mastery Objectives) -The most frequent type of heat transfer of energy in the atmosphere is convection.

Fluid Circulation (Student Mastery Objectives) -The most frequent type of heat transfer of energy in the atmosphere is convection. Fluid Circulation (Student Mastery Objectives) -The most frequent type of heat transfer of energy in the atmosphere is convection. -Differences in density affect the circulation of fluids. Cold air is

More information

The ocean water is dynamic. Its physical

The ocean water is dynamic. Its physical CHAPTER MOVEMENTS OF OCEAN WATER The ocean water is dynamic. Its physical characteristics like temperature, salinity, density and the external forces like of the sun, moon and the winds influence the movement

More information

OCN-201 Chemistry and Physics section

OCN-201 Chemistry and Physics section Name: Class: _ Date: _ OCN-201 Chemistry and Physics section True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. 1. Because of the dissolved salt in seawater its freezing point is lower than that

More information

Oceanography. Chapter 7 CIRCULATION PATTERNS AND OCEAN CURRENTS

Oceanography. Chapter 7 CIRCULATION PATTERNS AND OCEAN CURRENTS Oceanography Chapter 7 CIRCULATION PATTERNS AND OCEAN CURRENTS أ. راي د مرعي الخالدي Circulation Patterns and Ocean Currents 7.1 Density-Driven Driven Circulation 7.2 Thermohaline Circulation 7.3 The Layered

More information

Wind and Air Pressure

Wind and Air Pressure Wind and Air Pressure When air moves above the surface of the Earth, it is called wind. Wind is caused by differences in air pressure. When a difference in pressure exists, the air will move from areas

More information

The Ocean is a Geophysical Fluid Like the Atmosphere. The Physical Ocean. Yet Not Like the Atmosphere. ATS 760 Global Carbon Cycle The Physical Ocean

The Ocean is a Geophysical Fluid Like the Atmosphere. The Physical Ocean. Yet Not Like the Atmosphere. ATS 760 Global Carbon Cycle The Physical Ocean The Physical Ocean The Ocean is a Geophysical Fluid Like the Atmosphere Three real forces: Gravity Pressure gradients Friction Two apparent forces: Coriolis and Centrifugal Geostrophic & Hydrostatic balances

More information

9/25/2014. Scales of Atmospheric Motion. Scales of Atmospheric Motion. Chapter 7: Circulation of the Atmosphere

9/25/2014. Scales of Atmospheric Motion. Scales of Atmospheric Motion. Chapter 7: Circulation of the Atmosphere Chapter 7: Circulation of the Atmosphere The Atmosphere: An Introduction to Meteorology, 12 th Lutgens Tarbuck Lectures by: Heather Gallacher, Cleveland State University Scales of Atmospheric Motion Small-

More information

Ocean Currents Shortcut method by to learn faster

Ocean Currents Shortcut method by to learn faster Ocean Currents Shortcut method by to learn faster In our geography notes on the hydrosphere, we have seen the major movements of the ocean water. They are waves, tides and ocean currents. Having covered

More information

Ocean Currents Shortcut method by to learn faster

Ocean Currents Shortcut method by to learn faster Ocean Currents Shortcut method by to learn faster In our geography notes on the hydrosphere, we have seen the major movements of the ocean water. They are waves, tides and ocean currents. Having covered

More information

6.1 Introduction to Weather Weather air mass Weather factors Temperature Pressure What is wind? Wind Convection in the atmosphere Thermals thermal

6.1 Introduction to Weather Weather air mass Weather factors Temperature Pressure What is wind? Wind Convection in the atmosphere Thermals thermal 6.1 Introduction to Weather Weather is a term that describes the condition of the atmosphere in terms of temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind, and water. The major energy source for weather events is

More information

Atmospheric Circulation

Atmospheric Circulation Atmospheric Circulation Why do we say Earth's temperature is moderate? It may not look like it, but various processes work to moderate Earth's temperature across the latitudes. Atmospheric circulation

More information

Chapter: Atmosphere Section 3: Air Movement

Chapter: Atmosphere Section 3: Air Movement Table of Contents Chapter: Atmosphere Section 3: Air Movement We will learn about: -Air Movement=Wind -Why different latitudes on Earth will receive different amounts of Solar Energy -The Coriolis Effect

More information

Midterm Exam III November 25, 2:10

Midterm Exam III November 25, 2:10 Midterm Exam III November 25, 2:10 25, 2:10 3:25 pm, HW714 Chapters 7 (7.12 7.17), 8 and 9 (through section 9.15, included) 60 multiple choice questions this exam constitutes 22% (only) of your total (overall)

More information

Greenhouse Effect Activity

Greenhouse Effect Activity Greenhouse Effect Activity Objectives: The student will: 1. Read and use weather instruments. 2. Collect and record temperature readings. 3. Describe the concept of the greenhouse effect. Materials: Fish

More information

Section 1. Global Wind Patterns and Weather. What Do You See? Think About It. Investigate. Learning Outcomes

Section 1. Global Wind Patterns and Weather. What Do You See? Think About It. Investigate. Learning Outcomes Chapter 5 Winds, Oceans, Weather, and Climate Section 1 Global Wind Patterns and Weather What Do You See? Learning Outcomes In this section, you will Determine the effects of Earth s rotation and the uneven

More information

Full Name: Class: Period: Date:

Full Name: Class: Period: Date: Topic/Objective: Essential Question: Full Name: Class: Period: Date: Tutor Use Only: Air Pressure and Wind (Chapter 19) Air Pressure the weight of the atmosphere pushing down on the Earth exerting a force

More information

OCEANOGRAPHY 101. Map, and temperature, salinity & density profiles of the water column at X, near mouth of the Columbia River.

OCEANOGRAPHY 101. Map, and temperature, salinity & density profiles of the water column at X, near mouth of the Columbia River. OCEANOGRAPHY 101 EXAM 2 WINTER 00 NAME STUDENT NUMBER 1 Map, and temperature, salinity & density profiles of the water column at X, near mouth of the Columbia River. P a c i f i c O c e a n X WA Columbia

More information

6.9B verify through investigations that thermal energy moves in a predictable pattern from warmer to cooler 6.5B recognize that a limited number of

6.9B verify through investigations that thermal energy moves in a predictable pattern from warmer to cooler 6.5B recognize that a limited number of 6.9B verify through investigations that thermal energy moves in a predictable pattern from warmer to cooler 6.5B recognize that a limited number of elements comprise the largest portion of oceans and atmosphere

More information

Lecture 13 El Niño/La Niña Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction. Idealized 3-Cell Model of Wind Patterns on a Rotating Earth. Previous Lecture!

Lecture 13 El Niño/La Niña Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction. Idealized 3-Cell Model of Wind Patterns on a Rotating Earth. Previous Lecture! Lecture 13 El Niño/La Niña Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction Previous Lecture! Global Winds General Circulation of winds at the surface and aloft Polar Jet Stream Subtropical Jet Stream Monsoons 1 2 Radiation

More information

ESS15 Lecture 12. Review, tropical oceans & El Nino, and the thermohaline ocean circulation. Please see new reading material on website.

ESS15 Lecture 12. Review, tropical oceans & El Nino, and the thermohaline ocean circulation. Please see new reading material on website. ESS15 Lecture 12 Review, tropical oceans & El Nino, and the thermohaline ocean circulation. Please see new reading material on website. Review. I-clicker exercise: In this graph of Earth s energy imbalances

More information