Copy and answer the following in your marble composition book. 1. Which direction is the wind deflected in the northern hemisphere?

Transcription

1 Copy and answer the following in your marble composition book. 1. Which direction is the wind deflected in the northern hemisphere? 2. Which direction is the wind deflected in the southern hemisphere?

2 3. Which best explains how the Coriolis effect influences weather conditions? A. It causes winds to rotate, forming tornadoes on Earth. B. It causes winds to move to the right in the southern hemisphere. C. It causes winds to turn to the right in the northern hemisphere. D. It causes winds to follow a straight line path around Earth.

3 Today we will Briefly review of the global winds Complete science starter Learn about the Coriolis Effect Plot the global winds while applying the Coriolis Effect Last minute questions

4 What do we know? 1. We know the three main types of global winds. 2. We know where they are found on a map. 3. We know how the convection cells occurs through energy transfer in the atmosphere. 4. We know the Earth rotates. 5. We know the Earth rotates in a counter-clockwise motion.

5 The Coriolis Effect Influences the Movement of Air in Atmospheric Circulation Cells There are three main global winds that occur on the Earth: Westerlies Easterlies Trade Winds

6 The Coriolis effect is the observed deflection of a moving object, caused by the movement or spinning of the Earth. (Other words for deflection: swerve, hook, curve, whip) Let s see this in action: 7-mk

7 In the Northern Hemisphere air turns to the right. In the Southern Hemisphere air turns to the left.

8 Put your brain power to use and let s explore how the Earth s rotation effects these global winds.

9 So what s the bigger picture?

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11 The Coriolis Effect Deflects the Path of Moving Objects As observed from space, cannonball 1 (shot northward) and cannonball 2 (shot southward) move as we might expect; that is, they travel straight away from the cannons and fall to Earth. Observed from the ground, however, cannonball 1 veers slightly east and cannonball 2 veers slightly west of their intended targets. The effect depends on the observer s frame of reference.

12 The Coriolis Effect Influences the Movement of Air in Atmospheric Circulation Cells Global air circulation as described in the six-cell circulation model. Air rises at the equator and falls at the poles, but instead of one great circuit in each hemisphere from equator to pole, there are three in each hemisphere.

13 Coriolis Effect Circulation of the Atmosphere Solar Radiation - initial source of energy to the Earth. It can be absorbed, reflected and reradiated. The redistribution of this energy controls the structure and dynamics of the Atmosphere and Oceans.

14 The Atmosphere Is Composed Mainly of Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Water Vapor Ascending air cools as it expands. Cooler air can hold less water, so water vapor condenses into tiny droplets - clouds. Descending air warms as it compresses the droplets (clouds) evaporate.

15 The air in the atmosphere moves in response to uneven solar heating and Earth s rotation. Solar energy is absorbed into Earth s surface. This absorbed energy is converted into heat or infrared radiation.

16 The Solar Heating of Earth Varies with Latitude At high latitudes solar radiation travels a longer path through the atmosphere and is less direct. What factors govern the global circulation of air? Uneven solar heating The Coriolis effect

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18 Re-distribution of heat Heat is gained at Equatorial latitudes and heat is lost at higher latitudes Winds and ocean currents redistribute heat around the Earth Warm equatorial water flows to higher latitudes Cool Polar water flow to lower latitudes

19 Earth s Uneven Solar Heating Results in Large-Scale Thermal Cell type of Atmospheric Circulation. These large scale cells are created through the energy transfer Convection. A convection current forms in a room when air flows from a hot radiator to a cold window and back. Air warms, expands, becomes less dense, and rises over the radiator. Air cools, contracts, becomes more dense, and falls near the cold glass window. A convection cell is driven by density differences

20 You are going to create the map of the global winds applying the Coriolis Effect! To practice this: Take your map in the sheet protector. One partner should spin the map in the correct rotation of the Earth (counter-clockwise). The other partner will be drawing a straight line on the map while your partner is creating the Earth s rotation. Straight lines should be drawn FROM the equator TOWARDS (TO) the poles. Practice spinning and drawing on the map as a team. Take turns and switch off responsibilities.

21 Draw a straight line from the equator toward the poles. What direction does the line curve in the Northern Hemisphere? What direction does the line curve in the Southern Hemisphere?

22 Science Starter for today: On a blank sheet of notebook paper, compare and Contrast the two global wind diagrams below using a venn diagram. Satellite Image Global Winds Diagram

23 You are going to create the map of the global winds applying the Coriolis Effect! Erase any marks from your map in the sheet protector. **Remember, you need to: 1. Think about what direction the Coriolis Effect impacts air movement. It may help to write in the upper and lower corners the correct wind direction (Northern hemisphere Right; Southern Hemisphere Left). 2. Orient the map so that you are the source of the wind (the arrow is going away from you). Please Plot: Cold sinking air from the poles extending to 60 degrees of latitude. What type of winds did you create?

24 Your map should look similar to this:

25 You are going to create the map of the global winds applying the Coriolis Effect! Leave the winds you just created on your map Do NOT ERASE. **Remember, you need to: 1. Think about what direction the Coriolis Effect impacts air movement. 2. Orient the map so that you are the source of the wind (the arrow is going away from you). This time plot: Air that flows toward the poles between 30 and 60 latitude. What type of winds did you create?

26 Your map should look similar to this:

27 You are going to create the map of the global winds applying the Coriolis Effect! Leave the winds you just created on your map Do NOT ERASE. **Remember, you need to: 1. Think about what direction the Coriolis Effect impacts air movement. 2. Orient the map so that you are the source of the wind (the arrow is going away from you). This time plot: Air that blows from 30 almost to the equator. What type of winds did you create?

28 Your map should look similar to this:

29 1. Which direction is the wind deflected in the northern hemisphere? 2. Which direction is the wind deflected in the southern hemisphere?

30 3. Which best explains how the Coriolis effect influences weather conditions? A. It causes winds to rotate, forming tornadoes on Earth. B. It causes winds to move to the right in the southern hemisphere. C. It causes winds to turn to the right in the northern hemisphere. D. It causes winds to follow a straight line path around Earth.