Figure R: Timing of bilge pump cycles influenced the outflow temperature in the smaller boats.

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Nora Noreen Flynn
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1 Appendix Table A: All boats tested with hull type and locations. August testing periods were in the upper 70 to 80 F range. September testing had lower air temperatures. Table B: There was a wide range of compartment surface temperatures before testing began. Temperatures were very high on sunny days with warm temperatures, sometimes reaching 120 F. Shaded parts of the compartments had lower temperatures and accounted for the large range of temperatures possible in a single compartment (Crestliner 1650 FishHawk 77 to 120 F). Table C: Livewell, anchor, and center compartment temperatures were measured and the times were quantified for the length of time that temperatures were above 110 F. These compartments were generally small in size and reached the target temperatures, especially the livewells. Only the Crownline 242 did not register any time above 110, but this compartment had a large anchor and rope present. However, the sensors did register temperatures of 109 with an input temperature of (Figure D). A slightly higher input temperature (+1-2 ) may have resulted in hitting the target temperature. During testing of the Four Winns 248 Vista, water drained too quickly to submerge three of the sensors (NW on Figure C). Table D: Maximum temperature reached in livewell, anchor, and center compartments were mostly above 110 F. Inflow temperature ranged between and F. Average input temperature on the Tracker Targa V165 was lowest in the LW2 test at only Table E: There was a large number of bilge and other types of open compartments tested. These ranged greatly in size and configuration, which played a role in the heating capacity. Most boats reached the 110 F target for some amount of time, but only a subset maintained the temperature for 5 minutes. Compartment temperature (Table F) may have been maintained for longer time periods if the tests had been extended to a longer time period. Table F: Temperatures were lower in some of the bilge compartments because of the presence of water in the compartment or because of the size of the compartment. Most sensors recored temperatures greater than 100 F. Figures A to C: Compartment location, number, and size varied by boat type, size, and use. Sensor locations are shown and were placed in the corners of the compartments. Boats are listed in the order they were tested. Figure D: These figures show the same information as Table D. Average inflow temperature was near the maximum recorded temperature for the sensors. The Four Winns 248 Vista did not have water touching three of the four sensors because of the draining of the compartment. Figure E: These figures show the same information as Table F. Smaller boats (A) had inflow temperatures rise to nearer to sensor temperatures than in larger boats (B). Figure F and G: Livewells, even when not reaching the temperature for 5 minutes, all showed trends of increasing temperature to 110 F. The sensors had a shared pattern of dropping as the hot water cooled when touching the compartment, then increasing as the hot water warmed the compartment. Inflow temperature showed some variation during the tests and the average temperature of the inflow was related to the ability to warm the compartments to the target temperature. 1

2 Figure: H and I: Anchor compartments had a large range of measured temperatures. Some compartments, like the Four Winns 248 Vista, had drains in the compartment, so water did not fill the compartment and three sensors were not submerged. Center compartments in the Boston Whalers were large but reached 110 F in the 22 ft boat. Figure J and K: Bilge sensor temperatures for boats less than 17 ft showed a trend of increase to near or above 110 F. The fluctuations in the inflow temperature from the Glastron was due to changes in water pressure, which caused fluctuations in temperature. The average inflow was in the target range. Figure L and M: Bilge sensor temperature in large boats did not reach the target temperature as often as the smaller boats. The sensors did show temperature increases in the compartments, but more time or higher temperature would help reach the target. Temperatures plateaued at a few degrees below the input temperature, so an increase of 1-2 F could increase the sensor temperature by a similar margin. The Carver had water in the bilge compartment, but was still able to raise the temperature of the compartment to near the target temperature. Some sensors, such as the Monarch Little Giant sensors B and C, were dewatered when the bilge pump ran. Figure N: We tested the difference in bilge compartment temperatures between hull type for boats on trailers (left) and in water (right). There were not significant differences between the bilge sensor temperature measurements when compared by hull type for each location separately (ANOVA). Figure O: We tested the difference in bilge temperature based on location of the boat. There was a significantly lower bilge temperature for boats that were in the water, compared to boats on trailers (ANOVA p=0.0048). Boats in water were also larger than boats on trailers, which would have also have larger compartments. Figure P and Q: Inflow and outflow temperatures were similar in livewells, anchor, and center compartments. When there was a lag in the increase of the outflow temperature, there was no outflow until the compartment had filled to a specific level in the compartment. Figure R: Timing of bilge pump cycles influenced the outflow temperature in the smaller boats. Figure S and T: Large boats had fluctuations in the outflow temperature due to the turning on and off of the bilge pump. The increasing temperature of the outflow is shown in the graphs when the pump is running. 2

3 Table A: Boat testing summary with date, hull type, boat name, location, inside/outside (covered location), start and end time of testing, weather condition, and air temperature. Date Hull Boat Location Inside/Outside Start End Conditions Temperature (F) 16-Aug FG Carver Water Under roof 15:59 16:19 Mostly Cloudy Aug AL Crestliner 1650 FishHawk Trailer Outside 11:43 12:30 Mostly Cloudy Aug FG Crownline 242 Water Outside 17:20 17:56 Mostly Cloudy Aug FG Four Winns 248 Vista Water Outside 16:30 17:16 Mostly Cloudy Aug AL Lowe Roughneck Trailer Outside 13:16 13:46 Mostly Cloudy Aug FG Rinker V170 Trailer Outside 10:26 10:59 Mostly Cloudy Aug AL Row Boat A Trailer Outside 10:05 10:17 Partly Cloudy Aug AL Row Boat B Trailer Outside 14:09 14:26 Mostly Cloudy Aug AL Alumacraft Tourn. 185 sport Trailer Outside 11:50 12:45 Scattered Clouds Aug AL Auminum boat Trailer Outside 13:02 13:30 Partly Cloudy Aug FG Boston Whaler 25 ft Trailer Outside 14:47 15:39 Clear Aug FG Boston Whaler 22 ft Water Outside 9:55 10:42 Scattered Clouds Aug AL Monarch Little Giant Water Outside 12:17 12:44 Mostly Cloudy Aug AL Row Boat C Trailer Inside 10:52 11:10 Scattered Clouds Aug AL Tracker Targa V165 Trailer Inside 9:48 10:48 Clear Sep WD ChrisCraft Cavalier Water Inside 14:02 14:48 Mostly Cloudy Sep FG Nautaline houseboat Water Inside 12:14 13:29 Partly Cloudy Sep WD Owens Water Inside 10:59 12:01 Mostly Cloudy Sep AL Lund "Mr. Pike" Trailer Outside 10:13 10:48 Clear Sep FG Aquarius sailboat Trailer Outside 9:21 9:33 Scattered Clouds Sep FG Glastron SX 175 Water Under roof 10:42 10:59 Clear 68.2

4 Table B: Compartment surface material temperature. Compartment code: BLG = bilge, BCK = back of open hulled boat, LW = livewell, AN = anchor compartment, and CC = central compartment. Date Hull Boat Location BLG BCK LW1 LW2 CC AN 16-Aug AL Row Boat Trailer Aug FG Rinker V170 Trailer Aug AL Crestliner 1650 FishHawk Trailer Aug AL Lowe Roughneck Trailer Aug AL Row Boat Trailer Aug FG Carver Water Aug FG Four Winns 248 Vista Water Aug FG Crownline 242 Water Aug FG Boston Whaler Water Aug AL Alumacraft Tournament 185 sport Trailer Aug AL Auminum boat Trailer Aug FG Boston Whaler Trailer Aug AL Tracker Targa V165 Trailer Aug AL Row Boat Trailer Aug AL Monarch Little Giant Water 86 1-Sep WD Owens Water 66 1-Sep FG Nautaline houseboat Water Sep WD ChrisCraft Cavalier Water 69 9-Sep AL Lund "Mr. Pike" Trailer Sep FG Aquarius sailboat Trailer Sep FG Glastron SX 175 Water 64 4

5 Table C: Anchor compartments, center compartments, and livewell, time (min) over 110 F. Test date, hull types (AL = aluminum, FG = fiberglass, and WD = Wood), boat name, location (Trailer = boat out of water and Water = boat in water) and test type (LW = livewell, AN = anchor compartment, CC = central compartment). NW is no water reaching the sensor. Date Hull Boat Location Test Fore_Port Fore_Star Aft_Port Aft_Star Mid_Port Mid_Star 16-Aug AL Lowe Roughneck Trailer AN Aug FG Boston Whaler Trailer AN Aug FG Four Winns 248 Vista Water AN NW NW NW Aug FG Crownline 242 Water AN Aug FG Boston Whaler Water AN Aug FG Boston Whaler Trailer CC Aug FG Boston Whaler Water CC Aug AL Crestliner 1650 FishHawk Trailer LW Aug AL Crestliner 1650 FishHawk Trailer LW Aug AL Alumacraft Tourn. 185 sport Trailer LW Aug AL Alumacraft Tourn. 185 sport Trailer LW Aug AL Tracker Targa V165 Trailer LW Aug AL Tracker Targa V165 Trailer LW Aug AL Auminum boat Trailer LW Sep AL Lund "Mr. Pike" Trailer LW

6 Table D: Anchor compartments, center compartments, and livewell test results, maximum temperature reached during each trial for each sensor. Test date, hull types (AL = aluminum, FG = fiberglass, and WD = Wood), boat name, location (Trailer = boat out of water and Water = boat in water) and test type (LW = livewell, AN = anchor compartment, CC = central compartment). Average temperature (Ave in) of the inflow during the test. NW is no water reaching the sensor. Date Hull Boat Location Test Fore_Port Fore_Star Aft_Port Aft_Star Mid_Port Mid_Star Ave In 16-Aug AL Lowe Roughneck Trailer AN Aug FG Boston Whaler Trailer AN Aug FG Four Winns 248 Vista Water AN NW NW NW Aug FG Crownline 242 Water AN Aug FG Boston Whaler Water AN Aug FG Boston Whaler Trailer CC Aug FG Boston Whaler Water CC Aug AL Crestliner 1650 FishHawk Trailer LW Aug AL Crestliner 1650 FishHawk Trailer LW Aug AL Alumacraft Tourn. 185 sport Trailer LW Aug AL Alumacraft Tourn. 185 sport Trailer LW Aug AL Tracker Targa V165 Trailer LW Aug AL Tracker Targa V165 Trailer LW Aug AL Auminum boat Trailer LW Sep AL Lund "Mr. Pike" Trailer LW

7 Table E: Bilge test results, time (min) over 110 F. Test date, hull types (AL = aluminum, FG = fiberglass, and WD = Wood), boat name, location (Trailer = boat out of water and Water = boat in water) and test type (BLG = bilge, BLGcom = compartment like bilge, BCK = back of open hulled boat, BLGdrain = water in from drain hole, SPL = splash compartment). Date Hull Boat Location Test Fore_Port Fore_Star Aft_Port Aft_Star Mid_Port Mid_Star Open compartments 16-Aug AL Row Boat A Trailer BLGcomp Aug AL Row Boat B Trailer BCK Aug AL Row Boat C Trailer BCK Sep FG Aquarius sailboat Trailer SPL Boats less than 17 ft 16-Aug AL Crestliner 1650 FishHawk Trailer BLG Aug AL Alumacraft Tourn. 185 sport Trailer BLG Aug AL Auminum boat Trailer BLG Aug AL Tracker Targa V165 Trailer BLG Sep AL Lund "Mr. Pike" Trailer BLG Aug FG Rinker V170 Trailer BLG Aug FG Rinker V170 Trailer BLGdrain Sep FG Glastron SX 175 Water BLG Boats greater than 17 ft 16-Aug AL Lowe Roughneck Trailer BLG Aug AL Monarch Little Giant Water BLG Aug FG Boston Whaler Trailer BLG Aug FG Carver Water BLG Aug FG Four Winns 248 Vista Water BLG Aug FG Crownline 242 Water BLG Aug FG Boston Whaler Water BLG Sep FG Nautaline houseboat Water BLG Sep FG Nautaline houseboat Water BLG Sep WD Owens Water BLG Sep WD ChrisCraft Cavalier Water BLG Sep WD ChrisCraft Cavalier Water BLG

8 Table F: Bilge test results, maximum temperature reached during each trial for each sensor. Test date, hull types (AL = aluminum, FG = fiberglass, and WD = Wood), boat name, location (Trailer = boat out of water and Water = boat in water) and test type (BLG = bilge, BLGcom = compartment like bilge, BCK = back of open hulled boat, BLGdrain = water in from drain hole, SPL = splash compartment). Average temperature (Ave in) of the inflow during the test. Date Hull Boat Location Test Fore_Port Fore_Star Aft_Port Aft_Star Mid_Port Mid_Star Ave in Open compartments 16-Aug AL Row Boat A Trailer BLGcomp Aug AL Row Boat B Trailer BCK Aug AL Row Boat C Trailer BCK Sep FG Aquarius sailboat Trailer SPL Boats less than 17 ft 16-Aug AL Crestliner 1650 FishHawk Trailer BLG Aug AL Alumacraft Tourn. 185 sport Trailer BLG Aug AL Auminum boat Trailer BLG Aug AL Tracker Targa V165 Trailer BLG Sep AL Lund "Mr. Pike" Trailer BLG Aug FG Rinker V170 Trailer BLG Aug FG Rinker V170 Trailer BLGdrain Sep FG Glastron SX 175 Water BLG Boats greater than 17 ft 16-Aug AL Lowe Roughneck Trailer BLG Aug AL Monarch Little Giant Water BLG Aug FG Boston Whaler Trailer BLG Aug FG Carver Water BLG Aug FG Four Winns 248 Vista Water BLG Aug FG Crownline 242 Water BLG Aug FG Boston Whaler Water BLG Sep FG Nautaline houseboat Water BLG Sep FG Nautaline houseboat Water BLG Sep WD Owens Water BLG Sep WD ChrisCraft Cavalier Water BLG Sep WD ChrisCraft Cavalier Water BLG

9 Figure A: Boat name, test type, and sensor location (letter) for

10 Figure B: Boat name, test type, and sensor location (letter) for and

11 Figure C: Boat name, test type, and sensor location (letter) for , , and

12 Figure D: Anchor compartments and center compartments (A), and livewell (B) test results, maximum temperature reached during each trial for each sensor. Test type code (LW = livewell, AN = anchor compartment, CC = central compartment). Average temperature (Ave in) of the inflow during the test. 12

13 Figure E: Bilge test results, maximum temperature reached during each trial for each sensor (A: boats <21 ft, B: boats>21ft, C: open hull). Location (Trailer = boat out of water and Water = boat in water). Test ((BLG = bilge, BLGcom = compartment like bilge, BCK = back of open hulled boat, BLGdrain = water in from drain hole, SPL = splash compartment)). Average temperature (Ave in) of the inflow during the test. 13

14 Figure F: Livewell temperature (letter code), temperature (F) of water entering compartment, and times of testing for 4 boats. 14

15 Figure G: Livewell temperature (letter code), temperature (F) of water entering compartment, and times of testing for 4 additional boats. 15

16 Figure H: Anchor compartment temperature (letter code), temperature (F) of water entering compartment, and times of testing. 16

17 Figure I: Central compartment temperature (letter code), temperature (F) of water entering compartment, and times of testing. 17

18 Figure J: Bilge compartment temperature (letter code), temperature (F) of water entering compartment, and times of testing for boats less than 21 ft long. 18

19 Figure K: Bilge compartment temperature (letter code), temperature (F) of water entering compartment, and times of testing for boats less than 21 ft long. 19

20 Figure L: Bilge compartment temperature (letter code), temperature (F) of water entering compartment, and times of testing for boats greater than 21 ft long. 20

21 Figure M: Bilge compartment temperature (letter code), temperature (F) of water entering compartment, and times of testing for boats greater than 21 ft long. 21

22 Figure N: Mean maximum sensor temperature for location and hull type in bilge tests. Error bars represent +/- 1 standard deviation. Analysis of Variance test used to test differences between hull type for trailer boats and water boats separately (Hull type on trailer p=0.34 and hull type in water p=0.23). When only hull type was tested (location not considered), there was also no significant difference in temperature (ANOVA p=0.19). Bars with the same letter are statistically the same. Statistical analysis with JMP Pro 12, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC. 22

23 Figure O: Mean bilge sensor temperature by location of boat. Analysis of Variance test used to test differences between temperatures of bilge compartments for location of boats (trailer v. water; Location p =0.0048). Error bars represent +/- 1 standard deviation. Bars with the same letter are statistically the same. Statistical analysis with JMP Pro 12, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC. 23

24 Figure P: Water input temperature and output temperature at drain point for livewell (LW) testing. 24

25 Figure Q: Water input temperature and output temperature at drain point for anchor (AN) and center (CC) compartment testing. 25

26 Figure R: Water input temperature and output temperature at drain point for bilge compartment testing in boats smaller than 21 ft. Cycling on and off of bilge pump caused the fluctuation in outflow temperature. 26

27 Figure S: Water input temperature and output temperature at drain point for bilge compartment testing in boats larger than 21 ft. Cycling on and off of bilge pump caused the fluctuation in outflow temperature. 27

28 Figure T: Water input temperature and output temperature at drain point for bilge compartment testing in boats larger than 21 ft. Cycling on and off of bilge pump caused the fluctuation in outflow temperature. 28

2014 Life Jacket Wear Rate Observation Study featuring National Wear Rate Data from 1999 to 2014

2014 Life Jacket Wear Rate Observation Study featuring National Wear Rate Data from 1999 to 2014 Produced under a grant from the Sport Fish Restoration and Boating Trust Fund, administered by the U.S.