REMINDERS: Problem Set 2: Due Monday (Feb 3)
|
|
- Melvyn Richards
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 REMINDERS: Problem Set 2: Due Monday (Feb 3) Midterm 1: Next Wednesday, Feb 5 - Lecture material covering chapters Multiple Choice, Short Answers, Definitions - Practice midterm will be on course website - Closed-book, no notes, no calculator. - No scantron or blue book necessary UPCOMING REVIEW SESSION: - Tuesday, Feb 4, 6:30-8:00pm in HSS 1330
2 Clarifications: 1) I noted on Wednesday, that as a whole, clouds cool the surface. But earlier I said that at night, the presence of a cloud will warm the surface.???? Clouds have 2 effects on surface temp: a) reflect solar radiation => cools surface b) emit infrared radiation => warms surface AT NIGHT, process (a) is gone, so only left with (b)
3 Clarifications: 2) tropopause Since in tropopause warm air beneath cold air => wouldn't that mean tropopause is always unstable? No, because as we will see, when air rises it cools. The atmosphere only unstable if rising air is warmer than surrounding air.
4 So, on this question I should have used the wording... Which of these situations is more likely to be unstable? (A) cold air warm air (B) warm air cold air
5 Stability
6 Is the Atmosphere Stable or Unstable? Question we ask to see if air will rise. If air rises, clouds may form. Stable: Air parcel pushed up a little, but returns to original level Unstable: Air parcel pushed up a little, and continues to rise.
7 Also must consider that as air moves up (or down) in the atmosphere, it's temperature will change. ==> changes in pressure cause expansion or compression
8 Clicker Question Set Clicker Frequency to AD If no condensation takes place, rising air will cool at a rate of approximately 10 C/km. What would happen IF condensation was taking place within the rising air parcel? (A) the air parcel would cool at a faster rate (B) the air parcel would cool at a slower rate (or may even warm) (C) would have no impact on cooling rate
9 Clicker Question Set Clicker Frequency to AD An air parcel at the surface has a temperature of 30 C and a dew point temperature of 20 C. Assume dry adiabatic lapse rate = 10 C/km. T = 30 C, T DEW = 20 C, Γ DRY = 10 C/km Assuming T DEW does not change, at what height will condensation start forming as the air rises? (A) 0.5 km (B) 1.0 km (C) 1.5 km (D) 2.0 km
10 Clicker Question Set Clicker Frequency to AD Continuation of last question: Condensation begins at 1 km (this is cloud base) where T=20 C. The air continues to rise to 2 km (this is cloud top). What is the air temperature at 2 km? Γ D = 10 C/km, Γ M = 6 C/km (A) 10 C (B) 14 C (C) 20 C (D) 30 C
11 - Rising unsaturated air cools at Dry Adiabatic Lapse Rate Γ D =10 C/km - Rising saturated air cools at Moist Adiabatic Lapse Rate Γ M =6 C/km - Sinking air warms at Dry Adiabatic Lapse Rate Γ D =10 C/km Stability Test Case 1 Γ E =4 C/km Γ E =4 C/km Environment 1000 m 26 C 0 m 30 C
12 - Rising unsaturated air cools at Dry Adiabatic Lapse Rate Γ D =10 C/km - Rising saturated air cools at Moist Adiabatic Lapse Rate Γ M =6 C/km - Sinking air warms at Dry Adiabatic Lapse Rate Γ D =10 C/km Stability Test Case 1 Γ E =4 C/km Γ E =4 C/km Environment Rising Air (dry) 1000 m 26 C 20 C Parcel colder than surroundings cold air more dense than warm air parcel sinks back down Stable (returns to starting point) 0 m 30 C 30 C
13 - Rising unsaturated air cools at Dry Adiabatic Lapse Rate Γ D =10 C/km - Rising saturated air cools at Moist Adiabatic Lapse Rate Γ M =6 C/km - Sinking air warms at Dry Adiabatic Lapse Rate Γ D =10 C/km Stability Test Case 2 (Γ E =14 C/km) Γ E =14 C/km Environment 1000 m 16 C 0 m 30 C
14 - Rising unsaturated air cools at Dry Adiabatic Lapse Rate Γ D =10 C/km - Rising saturated air cools at Moist Adiabatic Lapse Rate Γ M =6 C/km - Sinking air warms at Dry Adiabatic Lapse Rate Γ D =10 C/km Stability Test Case 2 (Γ E =14 C/km) Γ E =14 C/km Environment Rising Air (dry) 1000 m 16 C 20 C Parcel warmer than surroundings warm air less dense than cold air parcel continues to rise Unstable 0 m 30 C 30 C
15 - Rising unsaturated air cools at Dry Adiabatic Lapse Rate Γ D =10 C/km - Rising saturated air cools at Moist Adiabatic Lapse Rate Γ M =6 C/km - Sinking air warms at Dry Adiabatic Lapse Rate Γ D =10 C/km Stability Test Case 2A (Γ E =14 C/km) Γ E =14 C/km Environment Rising Air (moist, RH=100%) 1000 m 16 C 24 C Parcel warmer than surroundings warm air less dense than cold air parcel continues to rise Unstable 0 m 30 C 30 C If parcel was saturated (RH=100%) parcel temp = 24 C at 1000 m parcel even warmer more unstable more moisture = more unstable
16 Height Γ M (6 C/km) Γ DRY (10 C/km) Temperature
17 Height Γ DRY (10 C/km) Γ M (6 C/km) Γ ENV (4 C/km) Temperature
18 Height Γ DRY (10 C/km) Γ M (6 C/km) Γ ENV (4 C/km) T D < T E T M < T E h T D T M T E Temperature
19 Height Γ DRY (10 C/km) Γ M (6 C/km) Γ ENV (4 C/km) T D < T E T M < T E h => STABLE T D T M T E Temperature
20 Height Γ M (6 C/km) Γ DRY (10 C/km) Stable Temperature
21 Stable Atmosphere: Often occurs during clear night as - surface cools a lot - air above cools a little (air is selective absorber) temperature profile at sunset
22 Stable Atmosphere: Often occurs during clear night as - surface cools a lot - air above cools a little (air is selective absorber) little cooling of air above temperature profile at sunset much cooling at surface
23 Stable Atmosphere: Often occurs during clear night as - surface cools a lot - air above cools a little (air is selective absorber) little cooling of air above temperature profile at sunset temperature profile at sunrise much cooling at surface
24 Stable Atmosphere: Clouds that develop in stable atmosphere tend to be STRATUS clouds
25 Height Γ M (6 C/km) Γ DRY (10 C/km) Stable Γ ENV (14 C/km) Temperature
26 Height Γ M (6 C/km) Γ DRY (10 C/km) Stable h Γ ENV (14 C/km) T D > T E T M > T E T E T D T M Temperature
27 => UNSTABLE Height Γ M (6 C/km) Γ DRY (10 C/km) Stable h Γ ENV (14 C/km) T D > T E T M > T E T E T D T M Temperature
28 Height Γ M (6 C/km) Γ DRY (10 C/km) Stable Unstable Temperature
29 Unstable Atmosphere: Often occurs during strong daytime heating - surface warms fast - air above warms slow (air is selective absorber)
30 Unstable Atmosphere: - Air forced upwards will continue to rise - As air rises, Temperature decreases and RH increases if RH=100% => condensation and cloud formation => latent heat released => possibility of storm formation
31 Clicker Question Set Frequency to "AD" Which type of clouds are more likely to form in unstable conditions? (A) stratus clouds (layered) (B) cumulus clouds (vertically developed) (C) fog (cloud in contact with surface)
32 Unstable Atmosphere: Clouds that develop in unstable atmosphere tend to be CUMULUS clouds
33 Height Γ ENV (8 C/km) Γ M (6 C/km) Γ DRY (10 C/km) Stable Unstable Temperature
34 Height Γ ENV (8 C/km) Γ M (6 C/km) Γ DRY (10 C/km) Stable h Unstable T D < T E T M > T E T D T E T M Temperature
35 => STABLE or UNSTABLE??? Height Γ ENV (8 C/km) Γ M (6 C/km) Γ DRY (10 C/km) Stable h Unstable T D < T E T M > T E T D T E T M Temperature
36 Height Conditionally Unstable Γ M (6 C/km) Γ DRY (10 C/km) Stable Unstable Temperature
37 Conditionally Unstable Atmosphere Whether unstable or not depends on moisture amount more moisture in air => more likely to be unstable
38 1. WHAT CAUSES ATMOSPHERE TO BECOME MORE/LESS UNSTABLE? 2. WHAT CAUSES AN AIR PARCEL TO INITIALLY RISE?
39 1. WHAT CAUSES ATMOSPHERE TO BECOME MORE/LESS UNSTABLE?
40 Temperature 1. WHAT CAUSES ATMOSPHERE TO BECOME MORE/LESS UNSTABLE? Height ONE WAY IS THROUGH MIXING => initial profile of environment air Rising Air Cools Sinking Air Warms expands and cools compresses and warms
41 Height Conditionally Unstable Γ M (6 C/km) Γ DRY (10 C/km) Stable Unstable Temperature
42 Temperature 1. WHAT CAUSES ATMOSPHERE TO BECOME MORE/LESS UNSTABLE? Height ONE WAY IS THROUGH MIXING => initial profile of environment air Rising Air Cools Sinking Air Warms expands and cools compresses and warms
43 Temperature 1. WHAT CAUSES ATMOSPHERE TO BECOME MORE/LESS UNSTABLE? Height ONE WAY IS THROUGH MIXING => final profile of environment air initial profile of environment air Rising Air Cools Sinking Air Warms expands and cools compresses and warms
44 Another way the atmosphere can become more unstable: The large-scale lifting an entire layer of air - here a large-scale layer of air is much larger than a parcel - layer may be 100's of kilometers across - the lifting of a layer typically happens with a low pressure system (more later in course)
45 Height 1000 m Temperature - Original layer (in blue) is very stable
46 Height 1500 m dry adiabatic lapse rate (10C/km) 1000 m Temperature - Original layer (in blue) is very stable - As layer rises, it expands - As air rises => cools at dry adiabatic lapse rate (10 C/km) (assume no condensation)
47 Height 1500 m dry adiabatic lapse rate (10C/km) 1000 m Temperature - Original layer (in blue) is very stable - As layer rises, it expands - As air rises => cools at dry adiabatic lapse rate (10 C/km) (assume no condensation) - Top of layer rises 500 meters more than bottom of layer => Top of layer cools more than bottom of layer
48 Height 1500 m dry adiabatic lapse rate (10C/km) 1000 m Temperature - Original layer (in blue) is very stable - As layer rises, it expands - As air rises => cools at dry adiabatic lapse rate (10 C/km) (assume no condensation) - Top of layer rises 500 meters more than bottom of layer => Top of layer cools more than bottom of layer - Result => environment lapse rate within layer more likely unstable
49 Height 1500 m dry adiabatic lapse rate (10C/km) 1000 m Temperature - Original layer (in blue) is very stable - As layer rises, it expands - As air rises => cools at dry adiabatic lapse rate (10 C/km) (assume no condensation) - Top of layer rises 500 meters more than bottom of layer => Top of layer cools more than bottom of layer - Result => environment lapse rate within layer more likely unstable This occurs when low pressure over area. Opposite happens with high pressure system. Low Pressure => Rising Air => Increasing INSTABILITY High Pressure => Sinking Air => Increasing STABILITY
50 Height SPECIAL CASE: CONVECTIVE INSTABILITY 1500 m dry adiabatic lapse rate (10C/km) moist adiabatic lapse rate (6C/km) RH << 100% RH=100% 1000 m - Bottom of layer moist (RH=100%), top of layer dry (RH<<100%) - Bottom of layer cools at moist adiabatic lapse rate (6 C/km) - Top of layer cools at dry adiabatic lapse rate (10 C/km) Temperature => Now even more unstable than before!! CONVECTIVE INSTABILITY
ATS 351, Spring 2010 Lab #6 Stability & Skew-T 48 points
ATS 351, Spring 2010 Lab #6 Stability & Skew-T 48 points 1. (5 points) What is an adiabatic process? Why are the moist and dry adiabatic rates of cooling different? An adiabatic process is a process that
More informationATS 351 Lecture 6. Air Parcel. Air Parcel Movement: Why does rising air expand and cool? Stability & Skew-T Diagrams
ATS 351 Lecture 6 Stability & Skew-T Diagrams To demonstrate stability, a parcel of air is used Expands and contracts freely Always has uniform properties throughout Air Parcel Air Parcel Movement: Why
More informationPHSC 3033: Meteorology Stability
PHSC 3033: Meteorology Stability Equilibrium and Stability Equilibrium s 2 States: Stable Unstable Perturbed from its initial state, an object can either tend to return to equilibrium (A. stable) or deviate
More informationAdiabatic Lapse Rates and Atmospheric Stability
8 Adiabatic Lapse Rates and Atmospheric Stability Learning Goals After studying this chapter, students should be able to: 1. describe adiabatic processes as they apply to the atmosphere (p. 174); 2. apply
More informationMeteorology. Circle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer
Chapter 4 Worksheet 3 Meteorology Name: Circle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer 1) Natural convection and turbulence are most likely to occur when: a) temperature decreases rapidly with
More informationMET Lecture 8 Atmospheric Stability
MET 4300 Lecture 8 Atmospheric Stability Stability Concept Stable: Ball returns to original position Neutral: Ball stays wherever it is placed Unstable: Displacement grows with time. Atmospheric Stability
More informationMeteorology. Circle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer
Chapter 4 Worksheet 2 Meteorology Name: Circle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer 1) If the air temperature remains constant, evaporating water into the air will the dew point and the relative
More informationClouds and More Clouds AOSC 200 Tim Canty. Class Web Site: Lecture 12 Oct Hot air rises!
Clouds and More Clouds AOSC 200 Tim Canty Class Web Site: http://www.atmos.umd.edu/~tcanty/aosc200 Topics for today: How to make clouds pt 1. Lecture 12 Oct 4 2018 1 Hot air rises! What happens then? 2
More informationChapter 4: Moisture and Atmospheric Stability The hydrologic cycle
Chapter 4: Moisture and Atmospheric Stability The hydrologic cycle from: USGS http://water.usgs.gov/edu/watercycle.html Evaporation: enough water to cover the entire surface of Earth to 1 meter cycles
More information4/29/2011. Concept of Stability Lapse Rates Determine Stability and Stability Indices. Air pressure decreases with elevation.
Chapter 6: Stability Concept of Stability Concept of Stability Lapse Rates Determine Stability and Stability Indices Air Parcel Expands as It Rises Air Parcel Expands As It Rises Air pressure decreases
More informationENVIRONMENTAL PHYSICS
ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSICS Atmospheric Stability An understanding of why and how air moves in the atmosphere is fundamental to the prediction of weather and climate. What happens to air as it moves up and down
More informationScott Denning CSU CMMAP 1
Thermodynamics, Buoyancy, and Vertical Motion Temperature, Pressure, and Density Buoyancy and Static Stability Adiabatic Lapse Rates Dry and Moist Convective Motions Present Atmospheric Composition What
More informationAtmospheric Stability. GEOG/ENST 2331 Lecture 10 Ahrens: Chapter 6
Atmospheric Stability GEOG/ENST 2331 Lecture 10 Ahrens: Chapter 6 Last lecture: Thanks to Dr. Stewart! Hydrologic cycle! Humidity! Diabatic: convection, conduction, radiation; mixing! Adiabatic: change
More informationCloud Development and Forms
Chapter 6 Lecture Understanding Weather and Climate Seventh Edition Cloud Development and Forms Redina L. Herman Western Illinois University Mechanisms That Lift Air When air lifts, clouds develop and
More informationSanta Ana Winds. Surface weather map showing typical Santa Ana conditions.
Santa Ana Winds Surface weather map showing typical Santa Ana conditions. High Desert Elevation ~1500-2000 ft Santa Ana Winds ~1500 meters 0 meters Santa Ana Winds ~875 mb ~1500 meters ~875 mb Horizontal
More informationWhat is Air Temperature? Temperature, Buoyancy, and Vertical Motion. How Atmospehric Temperature is Measured. Temperature Scales
Temperature, Buoyancy, and Vertical Motion Temperature, Pressure, and Density Buoyancy and Static Stability Temperature Lapse Rates Rising & Falling Motions in the Air What is Air Temperature? Temperature
More informationVI. Static Stability. Consider a parcel of unsaturated air. Assume the actual lapse rate is less than the dry adiabatic lapse rate: Γ < Γ d
VI. Static Stability Consider a parcel of unsaturated air. Assume the actual lapse rate is less than the dry adiabatic lapse rate: Γ < Γ d VI. Static Stability Consider a parcel of unsaturated air. Assume
More informationThe Hydrological Cycle
Introduction to Climatology GEOGRAPHY 300 The Hydrological Cycle Tom Giambelluca University of Hawai i at Mānoa Atmospheric Moisture Changes of Phase of Water Changes of Phase of Water 1 Changes of Phase
More informationVertical Motion and Atmospheric Stability
Lesson 4 Vertical Motion and Atmospheric Stability This lesson describes the vertical structure of the atmosphere, atmospheric stability and the corresponding vertical motion. Adiabatic diagrams are introduced
More informationMoisture and Stability in the Atmosphere
Moisture and Stability in the Atmosphere Humidity can be measured as: HUMIDITY Absolute humidity the mass of water vapour in a volume of air (g/m 3.) Relative Humidity the proportion of the actual mass
More informationWater in the Atmosphere
Water in the Atmosphere Chapter 24 Solid to Liquid The process of changing state, such as melting ice, requires that energy be transferred in the form of heat. Latent heat is the energy absorbed or released
More informationSolutions to questions from chapter 5 (and part of ch.6.) in GEF Cloud Physics
Solutions to questions from chapter 5 (and part of ch.6.) in GEF4310 - Cloud Physics i.h.h.karset@geo.uio.no Problem 1 a) When figuring out if an atmospheric layer is stable when lifting/lowering an unsaturated
More informationThe change in temperature as air rises or descends d in the atmosphere. This change is measured by a lapse rate
Adiabatics The change in temperature as air rises or descends d in the atmosphere. This change is measured by a lapse rate oftenplotted on an adiabatic chart. Such processes are closely connected to precipitation
More informationChapter 4. Convec.on Adiaba.c lapse rate
Chapter 4 Convec.on Adiaba.c lapse rate 1.Outline: a. air parcel theory, adiabatic processes b. how do we define/determine atmospheric stability? 2.Readings: Chapter 4 VERTICAL STRUCTURE T STRATIFICATION
More informationAtmospheric Stability/Skew-T Diagrams. Fall 2016
Atmospheric Stability/Skew-T Diagrams Fall 2016 Air Parcel Consider a parcel of infinitesimal dimensions that is: Thermally isolated from the environment so that its temperature changes adiabatically as
More informationCool Science Convection.. Take away concepts and ideas. State Properties of Air
Thermal Structure of the Atmosphere: Lapse Rate, Convection, Clouds Cool Science 2007 Lamont Open House Saturday, October 4th 10am - 4pm Free Shuttle buses to / from Amsterdam & 118th: 9:30am, every 30
More information14 Oct., Dr. Wilson will post Quiz 2 correct answers and scores over the weekend. Today we begin Ch. 6 Cloud Development and Forms
14 Oct., 2011 Dr. Wilson will post Quiz 2 correct answers and scores over the weekend Today we begin Ch. 6 Cloud Development and Forms Vertical motion is key in relation to cloud development, and vertical
More informationEnvs, Geol, Phys 112: Global Climate. Energy-Atmosphere System Review Aguado & Bert, Ch. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10
Exam 1 Review Energy-Atmosphere System Review Aguado & Bert, Ch. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10 Location on Earth (L04) Latitude & Longitude great circles, prime meridian, time zones, cardinal points, azimuth
More informationCivil Air Patrol Auxiliary of the United States Air Force
Mountain Flying Qualification Course Civil Air Patrol Auxiliary of the United States Air Force Mountain Weather Slopes Most U.S. mountain ranges are oriented north-south, while the prevailing winds are
More informationGoals. Unconditional stability Conditional stability Buoyancy Buoyancy waves
Stability and waves Goals Unconditional stability Conditional stability Buoyancy Buoyancy waves Moist adiabatic lapse rate Archimedes principle A body immersed in a fluid is buoyed up by a force equal
More informationLAB 1 THERMODYNAMIC DIAGRAMS 100 points Part 2 Date Due
LAB 1 THERMODYNAMIC DIAGRAMS 100 points Part 2 Date Due Thermodynamic diagrams allow for analysis of temperature, moisture, pressure and wind in the atmosphere. These vertical measurements, or soundings,
More informationAir Pollution Dispersion
Air Pollution Dispersion Dispersion Processes Convective Dispersion Air Parcel Dynamics Adiabatic Process Lapse Rate Equilibrium and Stability Atmospheric Stability Stability and Dispersion Temperature
More informationAtmospheric Stability & Cloud Development
Atmospheric Stability & Cloud Development This section looks at the basic cause of stability and instability in the atmosphere. Why some clouds are like tall towers, others huge flat sheets. We shall look
More informationWeather and Climate Jim Keller & Paul Belanger. Classroom assistant: Fritz Ihrig. Week 3: January 29 TH, Announcements
Weather and Climate Jim Keller & Paul Belanger Classroom assistant: Fritz Ihrig Week 3: January 29 TH, 2019 1 Announcements Fritz Ihrig; classroom assistant, liaison to OLLI: fgihrig@msn.com ; h. 303-526-1750
More informationChapter 3 Atmospheric Thermodynamics
Chapter 3 Atmospheric Thermodynamics Spring 2017 Partial Pressure and Dalton Dalton's law of partial pressure: total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases which do not interact chemically is equal to
More informationLAB H - ATMOSPHERE AND CLIMATE LAB II STABILITY AND PRECIPITATION PATTERNS
Introduction LAB H - ATMOSPHERE AND CLIMATE LAB II STABILITY AND PRECIPITATION PATTERNS This lab will provide students with the opportunity to become familiar with the concepts of atmospheric stability
More informationNATS 101, Section 4, Spring 2009 Midterm Examination #2 March 13, 2009
EXAM NUMBER NATS 101, Section 4, Spring 2009 Midterm Examination #2 March 13, 2009 Name: SID: S Instructions: Write your name and student ID on ALL pages of the exam. In the multiple-choice/fill in the
More informationChapter 2. Turbulence and the Planetary Boundary Layer
Chapter 2. Turbulence and the Planetary Boundary Layer In the chapter we will first have a qualitative overview of the PBL then learn the concept of Reynolds averaging and derive the Reynolds averaged
More informationHorizontal movement of air between cooler and warmer regions. - horizontal movement of air Convection over areas where is
Winds and Water Chapter 9 continued... Uneven Heating The various materials of the earth absorb and emit energy at different rates Convection Heated air expands; density reduced; air rises Upward movement
More informationWind is caused by differences in air pressure created by changes in temperature and water vapor content.
Topic 8: Weather Notes, Continued Workbook Chapter 8 Wind is caused by differences in air pressure created by changes in temperature and water vapor content. Wind blows from high pressure areas to low
More informationFluid Circulation (Student Mastery Objectives) -The most frequent type of heat transfer of energy in the atmosphere is convection.
Fluid Circulation (Student Mastery Objectives) -The most frequent type of heat transfer of energy in the atmosphere is convection. -Differences in density affect the circulation of fluids. Cold air is
More informationWeather and Meteorology Sheet 1 Adiabatic Processes The definition is:- A system where heat is neither added nor taken from a process.
Weather and Meteorology Sheet 1 Adiabatic Processes The definition is:- A system where heat is neither added nor taken from a process. The expansion and compression of gases are adiabatic. Consider the
More informationATMO 551b Spring Flow of moist air over a mountain
Flow of moist air over a mountain To understand many of the implications of the moist and dry adiabats and the control of moisture in the atmosphere and specifically why there are deserts, it is useful
More informationUnit Test Study Guide:
Name: Homeroom: Date: Unit 6: Meteorology Study Guide Unit Test Study Guide: Atmosphere & Weather Use the summary points below as a resource to help you study for our unit test Monday! EARTH S ATMOSPHERE:
More informationCHAPTER 9. More on meteorology
CHAPTER 9 More on meteorology 1). Atmospheric Pressure Atmospheric pressure is the pressure with which the atmosphere acts downwards due to its weight. Pressure decreases with altitude because the column
More informationChapter 8 Air Masses
Chapter 8 Air Masses Air Masses - 1 1. An Air Mass is a large body of air usually about 1500 km across and several km thick, that has homogeneous physical properties. 2. The important physical properties
More informationLAB H - ATMOSPHERE AND CLIMATE LAB II STABILITY AND PRECIPITATION PATTERNS
Introduction LAB H - ATMOSPHERE AND CLIMATE LAB II STABILITY AND PRECIPITATION PATTERNS This lab will provide students with the opportunity to become familiar with the concepts of atmospheric stability
More information(a) Deflection to the left, slower velocity means greater deflection, greatest deflection at the south pole
1 Test 2 Aid Sheet Exam: A single 8.5 by 11 inch aid sheet (both sides) and Type 2 nonprogrammable calculators are permitted. The time allowed for this Test (Part A plus Part B combined) is 90 minutes.
More informationReview for the second quarter. Mechanisms for cloud formation
Review for the second quarter Mechanisms for cloud formation 1 Rising air expands and cools; Sinking air compresses and warms. (18) (24) Dry adiabatic lapse rate (10 o C/km): the rate of temperature decrease
More information>>>>>>>>WHEN YOU FINISH <<<<<<<< Hand in the answer sheet separately.
Instructor: Prof. Seiberling PHYSICS DEPARTMENT MET 1010 2nd Midterm Exam October 28, 2002 Name (print, last rst): Signature: On my honor, I have neither given nor received unauthorized aid on this examination.
More informationDIRECCION DE PERSONAL AERONAUTICO DPTO. DE INSTRUCCION PREGUNTAS Y OPCIONES POR TEMA
MT DIREION DE PERSONL ERONUTIO DPTO. DE INSTRUION PREGUNTS Y OPIONES POR TEM 1 TEM: 0643 OM-RT - Weather - hap. 6 OD_PREG: PREG20098600 (5301) PREGUNT: Every physical process of weather is accompanied
More informationChapter: Atmosphere Section 3: Air Movement
Table of Contents Chapter: Atmosphere Section 3: Air Movement We will learn about: -Air Movement=Wind -Why different latitudes on Earth will receive different amounts of Solar Energy -The Coriolis Effect
More informationAtmospheric Motions & Climate
Atmospheric Motions & Climate 20-1 Vertical Atmospheric Motion Hydrostatic Balance Non-hydrostatic Balance Science Concepts Newtonʼs Laws of Motion Vertical Forces Pressure Gradient Force Gravitational
More informationYou Can Die Here PRACTICE Regents Exam Questions
You Can Die Here PRACTICE Regents Exam Questions 1. Which diagram best illustrates how air rising over a mountain produces precipitation? (1) (3) (2) (4) 2. As a parcel of air rises, its temperature will
More informationWater Budget I: Precipitation Inputs
Water Budget I: Precipitation Inputs Forest Cover Global Mean Annual Precipitation (MAP) Biomes and Rainfall Forests won t grow where P < 15 / yr Forest type depends strongly on rainfall quantity, type
More informationAtmospheric & Ocean Circulation-
Atmospheric & Ocean Circulation- Overview: Atmosphere & Climate Atmospheric layers Heating at different latitudes Atmospheric convection cells (Hadley, Ferrel, Polar) Coriolis Force Generation of winds
More informationWater Budget I: Precipitation Inputs
Water Budget I: Precipitation Inputs Forest Cover Forests and Rainfall Forests won t grow where P < 15 / yr Forest type depends strongly on rainfall quantity, type (snow, rain) and timing (summer, winter)
More informationAtmosphere & Weather. Earth Science
Atmosphere & Weather Earth Science Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere Earth s energy is provided by the SUN! Energy is important to us because it 1. Drives winds and ocean currents. 2. Allows plants to
More informationGEF2200 Atmosfærefysikk 2017
GEF2200 Atmosfærefysikk 2017 Løsningsforslag til sett 2 Oppgaver hentet fra boka Wallace and Hobbs (2006) er merket WH06 I ere av oppgavene vil du få bruk for sondediagrammet (skew T- lnp-chart) som kan
More informationAn adiabatic unsaturated air parcel is displaced downwards a short distance and accelerates upwards towards its original if the density of the air
An adiabatic unsaturated air parcel is displaced downwards a short distance and accelerates upwards towards its original if the density of the air parcel after displacement is (greater/less) than the density
More informationV. SEA and LAND BREEZES:
V. SEA and LAND BREEZES: A. Pressure largely reflects the weight of overlying air, owing to gravity, and is proportional to mass. Therefore pressure decreases with height. 1. Remember, surface pressure
More informationChapter: Atmosphere Section 3: Air Movement
Table of Contents Chapter: Atmosphere Section 3: Air Movement We will learn about Air Movement=Wind -Why different latitudes on Earth will receive different amounts of Solar Energy -The Coriolis Effect
More informationEarth and Planetary Sciences 5 Midterm Exam March 10, 2010
Earth and Planetary Sciences 5 Midterm Exam March 10, 2010 Name: Teaching Fellow: INSTRUCTIONS PUT YOUR NAME ON EACH PAGE. The exam will last 80 minutes. Complete the problems directly on the exam. Extra
More informationMeteorology & Air Pollution. Dr. Wesam Al Madhoun
Meteorology & Air Pollution Dr. Wesam Al Madhoun Dispersion = Advection (Transport) + Dilution (Diffusion) Source Transport Receptor Re-entrainment Fick s law of diffusion J= - D * D C/Dx Where, J= Mass
More informationSIO20 - Midterm Examination 2 v1 Winter Section A. Circle the letter corresponding to the best answer. (1 point each)
NAME: Section A. Circle the letter corresponding to the best answer. (1 point each) 1. Rainbows result from: a. refraction and reflection of sunlight by water droplets b. reflection of sunlight by oceans
More informationWednesday, September 20, 2017 Reminders. Week 3 Review is now available on D2L (through Friday) Exam 1, Monday, September 25, Chapters 1-4
Wednesday, September 20, 2017 Reminders Week 3 Review is now available on D2L (through Friday) Exam 1, Monday, September 25, Chapters 1-4 PLEASE don t memorize equations, but know how to recognize them
More informationLocal Winds. Please read Ahrens Chapter 10
Local Winds Please read Ahrens Chapter 10 Scales of Motion Microscale: meters Turbulent eddies Formed by mechanical disturbance or convection Lifetimes of minutes Mesoscale: km s to 100 s of km s Local
More information4.2 Pressure and Air Masses (6.3.2)
4.2 Pressure and Air Masses (6.3.2) Explore This Phenomena www.ck12.org Everybody loves a picnic. Your friends and you are headed up the canyon to enjoy the mountains. While driving you feel a slight discomfort
More informationEVE 402/502 Air Pollution Generation and Control. Introduction. Intro, cont d 9/18/2015. Chapter #3 Meteorology
EVE 402/502 Air Pollution Generation and Control Chapter #3 Meteorology Introduction Meteorology is the study and forecasting of weather changes resulting from large-scale atmospheric circulation Characteristics
More informationExplain List Describe Compare Identify
Objective:S.W.A.B.T. Explain how an air mass forms. List the four main types of air masses. Describe how air masses affect the weather of North America. Compare the characteristic weather patterns of cold
More informationAPPI PPG LECTURE 5: FURTHER METEOROLOGY
LECTURE 5: FURTHER METEOROLOGY Introduction: This lecture covers Further Meteorology and aims to give you more of an understanding of advanced weather conditions and patterns. However Meteorology is a
More information1. Large-scale temperature inversions.
Lecture 18. Local and regional pollution issues: plumes of pollution. Objectives: 1. Large-scale temperature inversions. 2. Plumes of pollution. Readings: Turco: p.128-135; Brimblecombe: p.130-138 1. Large-scale
More informationREMINDERS: UPCOMING REVIEW SESSIONS: - Thursday, Feb 27, 6:30-8:00pm in HSS 1330
REMINDERS: Midterm 2: Friday, February 28 - lecture material covering chapters 6, 7, and 15 (since first midterm and through Wed lecture) - same Format as first midterm UPCOMING REVIEW SESSIONS: - Thursday,
More informationAtmospheric Dispersion, Transport and Deposition. Dispersion. Wind Speed. EOH 468 Spring 2008 Dr. Peter Bellin, CIH, Ph.D.
Atmospheric Dispersion, Transport and Deposition EOH 468 Spring 2008 Dr. Peter Bellin, CIH, Ph.D. Dispersion Atmospheric process affect dilution. Wind speed and lapse rate impact on emissions. Planetary
More informationWeather and Climate Jim Keller & Paul Belanger. Classroom assistant: Fritz Ihrig. Week 2: January 22 nd, Announcements
Weather and Climate Jim Keller & Paul Belanger Classroom assistant: Fritz Ihrig Week 2: January 22 nd, 2019 1 Announcements Fritz Ihrig; classroom assistant, liaison to OLLI: fgihrig@msn.com ; h. 303-526-1750
More informationEarly morning fog. Courtesy of NOAA, Image Source: Earth Science World Image Bank
Weather Clouds Early morning fog Courtesy of NOAA, Image Source: Earth Science World Image Bank Beach Fog Bruce Molnia, Terra Photographics, Image Source: Earth Science World Image Bank Stratus Clouds
More informationCEE 452/652. Week 3, Lecture 1 Mass emission rate, Atmospheric Stability. Dr. Dave DuBois Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute
CEE 452/652 Week 3, Lecture 1 Mass emission rate, Atmospheric Stability Dr. Dave DuBois Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute Today s topics Review homework Review quiz Mass emission
More informationThe Atmosphere and Winds
Oceanography 10, T. James Noyes, El Camino College 8A-1 The Atmosphere and Winds We need to learn about the atmosphere, because the ocean and atmosphere are tightly interconnected with one another: you
More information100, precipitation Droplets, collide -40 C
Warm-up 1/8 Page: 556, 1. A cloud droplet must increase in diameter by about times to fall as. 100, precipitation Page: 556, 2. Coalescence is when larger drift downward, then and combine with smaller
More informationREMINDERS: UPCOMING REVIEW SESSIONS: - Thursday, Feb 28, 6:30-8:00pm in CSB 002
REMINDERS: Midterm 2: Friday, March 1 - Lecture material covering chapters 6, 7, and 15 (since first midterm and through Wed lecture) - Multiple Choice, a few Short Answers, a few Definitions - Practice
More informationPseudoadiabatic chart / sonde diagram
Pseudoadiabatic chart / sonde diagram T = T θ 0 R c = θ const R c This can be lotted with a logarithmic scale for the ressure. The lines for constant otential temerature is following the dry adiabatic
More informationWater on Earth. How do oceans relate to weather and the atmosphere? Solar Radiation and Convection Currents
Earth is often called the Blue Planet because so much of its surface (about 71%) is covered by water. Of all the water on Earth, about 96.5% is held in the world s oceans. As you can imagine, these oceans
More informationWEATHER SYSTEMS OF MIDDLE LATITUDES
CHAPTER 10 WEATHER SYSTEMS OF MIDDLE LATITUDES MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. In equal volumes, which one of the following air masses exerts the highest surface air pressure? a. cp *b. A c. mp d. ct e. mt
More information2.4. Applications of Boundary Layer Meteorology
2.4. Applications of Boundary Layer Meteorology 2.4.1. Temporal Evolution & Prediction of the PBL Earlier, we saw the following figure showing the diurnal evolution of PBL. With a typical diurnal cycle,
More informationLecture 4: Radiative-Convective Equilibrium and Tropopause Height
Lecture 4: Radiative-Convective Equilibrium and Tropopause Height Geoff Vallis; notes by Erica Rosenblum and Ashley Payne June 19 We now consider what the effect of convection might be on all the concepts
More informationAtmosphere Circulation
Atmosphere Circulation Winds What Causes Winds? Difference in air pressure due to unequal heating of the atmosphere. Temperatures vary according to the amount of sun it gets. Uneven heating of the Earth
More informationThermodynamic Boundary Layer profiles
Thermodynamic Boundary Layer profiles Model and Aircraft data from the VOCALS 2008 Stratocumulus field campaign Paul Barrett July 2009 2 nd VOCALS MEETING Seattle, July 2009 Thermodynamics vl BEGIN ANALYSIS
More informationThe dryline is a mesoscale phenomena whose development and evaluation is strongly linked to the PBL.
2.2. Development and Evolution of Drylines The dryline is a mesoscale phenomena whose development and evaluation is strongly linked to the PBL. Text books containing sections on dryline: The Dry Line.
More informationEarth s tilt at an angle of 23.5 degrees to the plane of its orbit around the Sun.
Science 2200 1 Weather dynamics is the study of how the motion of water and air causes weather patterns. Energy from the Sun drives the motion of clouds, air, and water. Earth s tilt at an angle of 23.5
More informationMeteorology I Pre test for the Second Examination
Meteorology I Pre test for the Second Examination MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. A primary reason why land areas warm up more rapidly than water areas is that a) on land, all solar energy is absorbed in a shallow
More informationWith the product rule trick,, and noting that from the ideal gas law (R being the gas constant for air) we can substitute into [1] to obtain
What is the thermodynamic chart? Begin with the 1 st law of thermodynamics: [1] Where is the heat supplied TdS where T is temperature and ds is the entropy change, is the heat capacity of air at constant
More informationPILOT EXAM NOTES METEOROLOGY
Page 1 of 27 PILOT EXAM NOTES METEOROLOGY GT/ Peak Soaring Association Feb 97 Page 2 of 27 Contents: 1. BUYS BALLOTS S LAW... 4 2. FRONTS... 4 2.1 WARM FRONT... 5 2.1.1 Cross section... 5 2.2 WARM SECTOR...
More informationDEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL AFFAIRS AND TOURISM. Environmental Quality and Protection. Chief Directorate: Air Quality Management & Climate Change
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL AFFAIRS AND TOURISM Environmental Quality and Protection Chief Directorate: Air Quality Management & Climate Change NATIONAL AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME PHASE II TRANSITION
More informationWeather EOG Review Questions
Weather EOG Review Questions 1. Which statement best describes runoff? A Water vapor cools off and changes into water droplets. B Water in the form of rain, snow, sleet, or hail falls from clouds. C Precipitation
More informationWINDS Understand the cause of wind and how it affects climate Chapter 4 Pages 59-67
WINDS Understand the cause of wind and how it affects climate Chapter 4 Pages 59-67 What is Wind? A wind is a horizontal movement of air across a surface. Vertical movements are currents or updrafts and
More informationMoist convection in hydrogen atmospheres and the frequency of Saturn s giant storms Cheng Li and Andrew P. Ingersoll
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION DOI: 10.1038/NGEO2405 Moist convection in hydrogen atmospheres and the frequency of Saturn s giant storms Cheng Li and Andrew P. Ingersoll 2 S1. Isobaric mixing across temperature
More informationDIRECCION DE PERSONAL AERONAUTICO DPTO. DE INSTRUCCION PREGUNTAS Y OPCIONES POR TEMA
DIREION DE PERSONL ERONUTIO DPTO. DE INSTRUION PREGUNTS Y OPIONES POR TEM MT 28/04/2006 T E M : 0159 OMMERIL PILOT - (H. 6) WETHER OD_PREG: P R E G U N T : RPT: 5301 Every physical process of weather is
More informationHumidity Humidity is the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere
Humidity Humidity Humidity is the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere Water is found in all three phases in the atmosphere: gas (water vapor), water (liquid), ice crystal (solid) Highest heat capacity
More information(Some) Fundamentals of Weather
(Some) Fundamentals of Weather The Weather Channel Weather & Air Quality: Keys: Air motion, clouds, and precipitation. Horizontal: Vertical: Wind Vertical Motions, mixing Wind, mixing dperse Pollutants!!
More information= y y. In meteorological parlance, terms such as the above are known as
Mesoscale Meteorology: The Planetary Boundary Layer 8 March 017 Introduction The planetary boundary layer, sometimes referred to as the atmospheric boundary layer, is a layer of finite depth over which
More information