ACAM 2017 Guangzhou 5-9 June 2017 R. Müller and B. Vogel et al.
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1 Mitglied der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Long-range transport pathways of tropospheric source gases originating in Asia into the northern lower stratosphere during the Asian monsoon season 2012 Bärbel Vogel, Gebhard Günther, Rolf Müller, Jens-Uwe Grooß, Armin Afchine, Heiko Bozem, Peter Hoor, Martina Krämer, Stefan Müller, Martin Riese, Christian Rolf, Nicole Spelten, Gabriele P. Stiller, Jörn Ungermann, and Andreas Zahn B. Vogel et al., ACP, 2016 ACAM 2017 Guangzhou 5-9 June 2017 R. Müller and B. Vogel et al.
2 The Asian monsoon anticyclone (AMA) Park et al., JGR, 2007 pronounced circulation pattern in summer flanked by equatorial and subtropical jet isolated by a transport barrier strong upward transport by convection enhanced pollution and water vapor low values of O 3 and PV ACAM 2017 Guangzhou 5-9 June 2017 R. Müller and B. Vogel et al. Dethof et al.,
3 Eastward and westward eddy shedding 1 Jun Hovmöller diagrams of PV at 370 K using NCEP data latitudinal band N anticyclones breaking off from the main anticyclone westward eddy shedding occurs more often than eastward shedding J. Popovic and A. Plumb, JAS, Sep 20 W E ACAM 2017 Guangzhou 5-9 June 2017 R. Müller and B. Vogel et al. 3 20
4 Separation of air from the Asian monsoon anticyclone 14 Sep Sep Vogel et al., ACP 2014 separation of filaments at the northeastern flank of the Asian monsoon along the subtropical jet eastward eddy shedding on 20 September 2012 (subtropical jet was disturbed by strong Rossby waves triggered by low-pressure systems travelling with the Arctic jet) transport of tropospheric air with low PV (water vapor, pollutants,...) to Pacific Ocean ACAM 2017 Guangzhou 5-9 June 2017 R. Müller and B. Vogel et al. 4 20
5 CLaMS simulation for Asian monsoon season 2012 CLaMS = Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere 3-D global CLaMS simulation (May - Oct. 2012) driven by ERA-Interim 100 km horizontal resolution / max. vertical resolution at tropopause 400 m with full stratospheric chemistry Vogel et al., ACP, 2015 with artificial emission tracers representing different boundary layer source regions: e.g. North India, South India, East China, Southeast Asia (Günther et al, 2008; Vogel et al., 2011) ACAM 2017 Guangzhou 5-9 June 2017 R. Müller and B. Vogel et al. 5 20
6 Long-range transport to Northern Europe Separation of filaments and eastward eddy shedding 20 Sep Sep Sep black line: 7.2 PVU surface climatological isentropic transport barrier at 380 K in September (Kunz et al., JGR, 2015) ACAM 2017 Guangzhou 5-9 June 2017 R. Müller and B. Vogel et al. 6 20
7 Horizontal transport into the ExLS Rossby wave breaking and double tropopauses thick white lines: 4 and 10 PVU surface = climatological isentropic transport barrier at 350 and 400 K ACAM 2017 Guangzhou 5-9 June 2017 R. Müller and B. Vogel et al. 7 20
8 TACTS/ESMVal aircraft campaign in Aug/Sep 2012 TACTS = Transport and Composition in the Upper Troposphere and Lowermost Stratosphere ESMVal = Earth System Model Validation with German High Altitude and Long Range Aircraft HALO The Asian monsoon anticyclone affects the chemical composition of the lowermost stratosphere over Northern Europe in Aug/Sep 2012 Stefan Müller et al., ACP, 2016 Vogel et al., ACP, 2014, 2015, 2016 Christian Rolf et al., ACP, 2017, in preparation ACAM 2017 Guangzhou 5-9 June 2017 R. Müller and B. Vogel et al. 8 20
9 Filaments measured during TACTS on 26 Sep 2012 ACAM 2017 Guangzhou 5-9 June 2017 R. Müller and B. Vogel et al. 9 20
10 CLaMS vs. in-situ measurements on 26 Sep 2012 enhanced contributions of emissions from India/China (up to 22 %) and Southeast Asia / tropical Pacific Ocean (up to 24 %) the sum of all other surface regions is below 7 % good agreement between CLaMS results and in-situ measurements ACAM 2017 Guangzhou 5-9 June 2017 R. Müller and B. Vogel et al
11 Horizontal transport pathway into the ExLS white lines: PV = 7.2 PVU at 380 K climatological isentropic transport barrier in summer Northern Hemisphere PV = PVU at 380 K in Southern Hemisphere (Kunz et al., JGR, 2015) ACAM 2017 Guangzhou 5-9 June 2017 R. Müller and B. Vogel et al
12 HCFC-22 an interim replacement gas of CFCs A chemical tracer emitted regionally in Eastern Asia HCFC-22 emissions for 2010 in Gg/yr MIPAS HCFC-22 at 16 km JAS Fortems-Cheiney et al., JGR, 2013 Chirkov et al., ACP, 2016 HCFC-22 (CHClF 2 ) chlorodifluoromethane used as refrigerant, in chemical industry,... in developing countries consumption shall be phased out by 2030 lifetime 11.9 years greenhouse gas and ozone-depleting ACAM 2017 Guangzhou 5-9 June 2017 R. Müller and B. Vogel et al
13 Horizontal transport pathways from the AMA CLaMS emission tracer India/China vs MIPAS HCFC-22 ACAM 2017 Guangzhou 5-9 June 2017 R. Müller and B. Vogel et al
14 Contributions of different source regions to the ExLS Flooding of the Northern Hemisphere in Sep/Oct 2012 contribution of young air masses (35 %) mostly from Asia highest from Asian Monsoon Anticyclone (India/China), Southeast Asia and Tropical Pacific other source regions have minor impact (4 %) Southern Hemisphere at 380K (PV < -5.6 PVU): young air masses 2% ACAM 2017 Guangzhou 5-9 June 2017 R. Müller and B. Vogel et al
15 Moistening of the Northern Hemisphere CLaMS results for 2012 end of October ppmv H 2 O are from source regions in Asia and the tropical Pacific increasing MLS H 2 O during monsoon season H 2 O change in ExUTLS has an impact on surface climate ACAM 2017 Guangzhou 5-9 June 2017 R. Müller and B. Vogel et al
16 Moistening of the Northern Hemisphere CLaMS results for 2012 end of October ppmv H 2 O are from source regions in Asia and the tropical Pacific increasing MLS H 2 O during monsoon season H 2 O change in ExUTLS has an impact on surface climate ACAM 2017 Guangzhou 5-9 June 2017 R. Müller and B. Vogel et al
17 Horizontal transport pathways from the AMA Summary large-scale anticyclonic flow around the Asian monsoon anticyclone acts as a large-scale stirrer ACAM 2017 Guangzhou 5-9 June 2017 R. Müller and B. Vogel et al
18 Summary and Conclusions two main horizontal transport pathways of air from AMA into TTL: 1 southwestwards into the tropics (westward eddy shedding) and subsequent mixing within the TTL 2 northeastwards along subtropical jet (eastward eddy shedding), afterwards transport into ExLS most likely by Rossby wave breaking events Large-scale anticyclonic flow around the Asian monsoon anticyclone (Stirrer): Contributions from Southeast Asia / Western Pacific Air masses from Asia have a significant impact on the chemical composition of the northern lowermost stratosphere in Sep 2012 flooding of the ExLS with young wet air masses the contribution of young air masses to the southern ExLS during summer 2012 is much lower ACAM 2017 Guangzhou 5-9 June 2017 R. Müller and B. Vogel et al
19 additional material I ACAM 2017 Guangzhou 5-9 June 2017 R. Müller and B. Vogel et al
20 Tracers of air mass origin / single pulse approach Within the boundary layer, the sum of all emission tracers (Ω i) is equal to one: Ω = n i=1 Ωi = 1 Air masses in the model boundary layer are marked every 24 h transport from model boundary layer is response to a single pulse for times t t i < t < t i + t i with t i = 1 May 2012 ; t i = 6 months composition of an air mass = young air masses + aged air masses sum of all emission tracers within the AMA 2012 Vogel et al., ACP, 2015 ACAM 2017 Guangzhou 5-9 June 2017 R. Müller and B. Vogel et al
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