Feather-Yuba River Interactions and Management Implications. Yuba Accord River Management Team 5 th Annual Symposium

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Jodie Cole
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1 Feather-Yuba River Interactions and Management Implications Yuba Accord River Management Team 5 th Annual Symposium June 12, 2013

Low Risk Moderate Risk Not an Independent Population Current

2 CALIFORNIA S CENTRAL VALLEY Data Deficient Historic and Current Available Habitat Extinct Historic 2,183 stream miles Low Risk Moderate Risk Not an Independent Population Current 1,126 stream miles Source: NMFS 2009 Source: Lindley et al

3 LOWER YUBA RIVER Daguerre Point Dam and the Goldfields 3

4 Fixed Date Approach CHINOOK SALMON PASSING DAGUERRE POINT DAM Vaki Counts

5 CHINOOK SALMON PASSING DAGUERRE POINT DAM Vaki Counts /14 5

6 CHINOOK SALMON Spring- and Fall-run Differentiation Variable Date Approach No. of Fish Chinook salmon = 5,927 fish 8/1/ Chinook Salmon Passing Daguerre Point Dam Spring-run Chinook Salmon Predicted Logistic Fall-run Chinook Salmon Predicted Logistic No. of Fish 0 3/1 4/1 5/1 6/1 7/1 8/1 9/1 10/1 11/1 12/1 1/1 2/1 3/1 Date 400 8/24/ Chinook Salmon 350 Passing Daguerre Point Chinook salmon = 11,374 fish Dam 300 Spring-run Chinook 250 Salmon Predicted Logistic Fall-run Chinook Salmon Predicted Logistic /1 4/1 5/1 6/1 7/1 8/1 9/1 10/1 11/1 12/1 1/1 2/1 3/1 Date 6

7 CHINOOK SALMON Spring- and Fall-run Differentiation Variable Date Approach No. of Fish Chinook salmon = 5,203 fish 9/6/ Chinook Salmon Passing Daguerre Point Dam Spring-run Chinook Salmon Predicted Logistic Fall-run Chinook Salmon Predicted Logistic 50 No. of Fish 0 3/1 4/1 5/1 6/1 7/1 8/1 9/1 10/1 11/1 12/1 1/1 2/1 3/1 Date 60 9/4/ Chinook Salmon Passing Daguerre Chinook salmon = 1,394 fish Point Dam 50 Spring-run Chinook Salmon Predicted 40 Logistic Fall-run Chinook Salmon Predicted Logistic /1 4/1 5/1 6/1 7/1 8/1 9/1 10/1 11/1 12/1 1/1 2/1 Date 7

8 CHINOOK SALMON Spring- and Fall-run Differentiation Variable Date Approach Chinook salmon = 2,533 fish 8/10/ Chinook Salmon Passing Daguerre Point Dam No. of Fish Spring-run Chinook Salmon Predicted Logistic Fall-run Chinook Salmon Predicted Logistic No. of Fish 0 3/1 4/1 5/1 6/1 7/1 8/1 9/1 10/1 11/1 12/1 1/1 2/1 3/1 Date 350 7/9/ Chinook Salmon 300 Passing Daguerre Chinook salmon = 5,378 fish Point Dam Spring-run Chinook Salmon Predicted Logistic Fall-run Chinook Salmon Predicted Logistic /1 4/1 5/1 6/1 7/1 8/1 9/1 10/1 11/1 12/1 1/1 2/1 3/1 Date 8

9 CHINOOK SALMON Spring- and Fall-run Differentiation No. of Fish Variable Date Approach Chinook salmon = 6,469 fish 7/6/ Chinook Salmon Passing Daguerre Point Dam Spring-run Chinook Salmon Predicted Logistic Fall-run Chinook Salmon Predicted Logistic 100 No. of Fish 0 3/1 4/1 5/1 6/1 7/1 8/1 9/1 10/1 11/1 12/1 1/1 2/1 3/1 Date 600 9/7/ Chinook Salmon 500 Passing Daguerre Chinook salmon = 7,785 fish Point Dam Spring-run Chinook Salmon Predicted Logistic Fall-run Chinook Salmon Predicted Logistic /1 4/1 5/1 6/1 7/1 8/1 9/1 10/1 11/1 12/1 1/1 2/1 Date 9

10 SPRING-RUN CHINOOK SALMON Wild Population Feather River Hatchery Because there is no hatchery on the Yuba River, the population is composed of wild fish? DWR and CDFW

11 SPRING-RUN CHINOOK SALMON Wild Population Determination of adipose fin clips Digital photography Videography 11

Year SPRING-RUN CHINOOK SALMON Wild Population Demarcation Date Chinook Salmon Passage Upstream of Daguerre Point Dam All Chinook Spring-run Chinook Salmon Salmon Total Ad-Clipped Not Ad-Clipped 2004

12 Year SPRING-RUN CHINOOK SALMON Wild Population Demarcation Date Chinook Salmon Passage Upstream of Daguerre Point Dam All Chinook Spring-run Chinook Salmon Salmon Total Ad-Clipped Not Ad-Clipped /1/04 5, /24/05 11,374 3, , /6/06 5,203 1, , /4/07 1, /10/08 2, /9/09 5, /6/10 6,469 2,886 1,774 1, /7/11 7,785 1, % Ad-Clipped ,500 Spring-run Chinook Salmon Upstream of Daguerre Point Dam Ad-Clipped Fish Not Ad-Clipped Fish 3,000 2,500 No. of Fish 2,000 1,500 1,000 r 2 = P = r 2 = P = Year 12

Yuba River Ad-clipped fish comprise up to 60+% of the annual run Of 43 genetic samples taken during May 2009

13 SPRING-RUN CHINOOK SALMON Wild Population Because there is no hatchery on the Yuba River, the population is composed of wild fish Feather River Hatchery? Yuba River Ad-clipped fish comprise up to 60+% of the annual run Of 43 genetic samples taken during May 2009 from upstream migrating Chinook salmon, 28 were FRFH spring-run and 15 were CV fall-run Do differences in flows and temps attract fish from the Feather into the Yuba River? 13

14 SPRING-RUN CHINOOK SALMON Hatchery Straying - Attraction to the Yuba River 14

15 SPRING-RUN CHINOOK SALMON Hatchery Straying - Attraction to the Yuba River Modeled weekly averages of daily proportions of adclipped phenotypic spring-run average weekly proportions Explanatory variables Weekly averages of the daily ratios of Yuba flows & temps to Feather flows & temps 10 combinations of flow and temperature attraction variables 15

16 SPRING-RUN CHINOOK SALMON Hatchery Straying - Attraction to the Yuba River R 2 = 0.72 P <

17 SPRING-RUN CHINOOK SALMON Hatchery Straying - Attraction to the Yuba River Differences in flows and temps attract fish from the Feather into the Yuba River Lower Higher Feather Yuba Flows + Higher Lower Feather Yuba Temps? More Hatchery Strays = May SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI SAT Weeks Later June SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI SAT

18 SPRING-RUN CHINOOK SALMON Introgressive Hybridization Gene flow movement from one run into the gene pool of another by repeated back-crossing of a hybrid with one of its parental genotypes The phenotypic spring-run Chinook salmon in the lower Yuba River actually represents hybridization Between Yuba River spring- and fall-run Chinook salmon With Feather River spring-run Chinook salmon With Feather River fall-run Chinook salmon With FRFH fall-run Chinook salmon With FRFH spring-run Chinook salmon Which itself represents a hybridization between Feather River spring- and fall-run Chinook salmon CWT Recoveries Vaki Ad-Clipped Fish NMFS & UC Santa Cruz 18

19 SPRING-RUN CHINOOK SALMON Lack of Reproductive Isolation Both spring-running and fall-running Chinook salmon are restricted to the lower Yuba River below Englebright Dam 19

20 SPRING-RUN CHINOOK SALMON Extirpation and Recolonization Debris dams 1900 to intermittently blocked migration Drought : high temps, likely extirpated spring-run b Englebright Dam built in 1941 Spring-run virtually disappeared by 1959 c Straying from the Feather River and stocking from FRFH a A remnant spring-run population persisted in the lower Yuba River as of 1991 a DPD fish ladders built in 1911 a DPD fish ladders destroyed 1927/28 a DPD fish ladders rebuilt in 1938 but ineffective a Adequate DPD fish ladders built a Construction of New Bullards Bar 1970 higher, colder flows d a CDFG 1991 b Mitchell 1992 c Fry 1961 d YCWA et al

21 SPRING-RUN CHINOOK SALMON Feather-Yuba River Interactions No genetic differentiation between Feather and Yuba Chinook salmon Lack of reproductive isolation Likely no pure ancestral genome There is NOT an There is an independent, independent, genetically genetically distinct distinct population of population of spring-run spring-run Chinook salmon Chinook salmon in the lower in the lower Yuba River Yuba River? Yuba River spring-run extirpated by 1959 FRFH fish planted in 1970s Re-colonized by FRFH strays in 1970s Yuba and Feather flow and temp ratios influence hatchery strays Introgressive hybridization Hatchery straying rates up to 61%+ 21

22 FEATHER-YUBA RIVER INTERACTIONS Management Implications/Considerations Reservoir Management? Should reservoir management consider attraction of spring-run Chinook salmon to the Feather and Yuba rivers? 22

proportional distribution of spring-run Chinook

23 FEATHER-YUBA RIVER INTERACTIONS Management Implications/Considerations Feather River Fish Hatchery Management? How do FRFH management practices affect the proportional distribution of spring-run Chinook between the Feather and Yuba rivers? Sources: Fishery Foundation of California; California Department of Fish and Wildlife 23

24 FEATHER-YUBA RIVER INTERACTIONS Management Implications/Considerations ESA Consultations? How would ESA consultations address the fluid, intermixed populations of spring-run Chinook salmon in the Yuba and Feather rivers? How would viability or extinction risk be evaluated in river-specific springrun Chinook salmon ESA consultations? Source: National Marine Fisheries Service 24

25 FEATHER-YUBA RIVER INTERACTIONS Management Implications/Considerations How do fluid, intermixed populations affect the short-term and long-term recovery goals for Yuba and Feather River spring-run Chinook salmon? How would recovery of spring-run Chinook salmon populations be defined and measured in the Feather and Yuba rivers? NMFS Recovery Planning? 25

26 FEATHER-YUBA RIVER INTERACTIONS Management Implications/Considerations Re-introduction into Upper Yuba? What would be the appropriate goals of a re-introduction program? How do you address donor (source) issues? Source: Yuba County Water Agency 26

27 FEATHER-YUBA RIVER INTERACTIONS Management Implications/Considerations ESA Consultations? NMFS Recovery Planning? Reservoir Management? Yuba River spring-run not an independent, genetically distinct population Feather River Fish Hatchery Management? Re-introduction into the Upper Yuba Basin? 27

28 CONCLUSIONS M&E Program - The Next Few Years Further evaluate regional population structure What have we learned so far? Continue to explore in-basin and out-of-basin influences on population dynamics Final M&E Report in 2016 Draft M&E Interim Report available at: M&E Draft Interim Report Conclusions 28

29 CONCLUSIONS M&E Draft Interim Report Conclusions 29

30 CONCLUSIONS Is the Yuba Accord Protective of the Aquatic Resources of the Lower Yuba River? Implementation of the Yuba Accord Maintains Physical Habitat Attributes that Provide the Opportunity for Good Condition of Aquatic Resources and Viable Salmonid Populations in the Lower Yuba River The RMT Does Not Recommend Any Changes to the Yuba Accord Flow Schedules At This Time M&E Draft Interim Report Conclusions 30

31 M&E Program Draft Interim Report Conclusions Yuba Accord River Management Team 5 th Annual Symposium June 12, 2013

Feather-Yuba River Interactions with an emphasis on Spring-run Chinook Salmon. Yuba Accord River Management Team 6 th Annual Symposium

Feather-Yuba River Interactions with an emphasis on Spring-run Chinook Salmon Yuba Accord River Management Team 6 th Annual Symposium July 15, 2014 LOWER YUBA RIVER Daguerre Point Dam and the Goldfields