A preliminary report of moth s fauna in the campus of Atomic Energy Research Establishment (AERE), Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh

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2013; 1 (1): 56-62 Fax: 880-2-7789620 ISSN 2347-2677 IJFBS 2013; 1 (1): 56-62 2013 AkiNik Publications Received: 27-9-2013 Accepted: 01-10-2013 A.T.M.F. Islam Institute of Food & Radiation Biology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, G.

1 2013; 1 (1): Fax: ISSN IJFBS 2013; 1 (1): AkiNik Publications Received: Accepted: A.T.M.F. Islam Institute of Food & Radiation Biology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, G.P.O.Box-3787, Dhaka- 1000, Bangladesh M.H. Islam Institute of Food & Radiation Biology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, G.P.O.Box-3787, Dhaka- 1000, Bangladesh A.S.M. Saifullah Institute of Food & Radiation Biology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, G.P.O.Box-3787, Dhaka- 1000, Bangladesh Akira Yamanaka Department of Physics, Biology & Informatics, Faculty of Science; Yamaguchi University; Yamaguchi, , Japan Correspondence: A.T.M.F. Islam Institute of Food & Radiation Biology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, G.P.O.Box- 3787, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh. islamf1968@yahoo.com Tel: A preliminary report of moth s fauna in the campus of Atomic Energy Research Establishment (AERE), Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh A.T.M.F. Islam, M.H. Islam, A.S.M. Saifullah, Akira Yamanaka ABSTRACT A preliminary study of moth s fauna was carried out during May-October, 2011 in the campus of Atomic Energy Research Establishment (AERE), Savar, Dhaka. Moths were collected by using a light trap for one hour following the sunset. A total of 153 moth species belonging to 113 genera, 25 sub-families under 14 families were recorded. The recorded moth families were Noctuidae, Pyralidae, Arctiidae, Geometridae, Sphingidae, Lymantriidae, Ctenuchidae, Lymacodidae, Drepanidae, Psychidae, Nolidae, Notodontidae, Lasiocampidae and Hypsidae. The most dominant moth families in the AERE campus were Pyralidae, Noctuidae and Arctiidae their relative abundance was 45.86, and 13.90, respectively. Whereas, Psychidae, Nolidae and 0Lasiocampidae were found to be minor family and relative abundance to those families was <0.07. Among the collected specimens Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Pyralidae) was found to be the most dominant species in AERE campus and their relative abundance was Keywords: Preliminary, study, moths, campus, AERE. 1. Introduction Lepidoptera is one of the large order of insects that include butterflies and moths. Butterfly and moths was demonstrated to be one of suitable animal groups as an indicator of ecological studies, because of their population abundance, species richness and apparent responsiveness to the changes of vegetation s and climates [1]. Butterfly group consisting of over 28,000 species in the world [2]. However, moth group consisting of over 1,27,000 species in the world [3] and exhibit far higher diversities in species and population sizes as compared to those of butterflies. Because of their nocturnal habits, moths are among the least known creature in the insect world. The moth group may be one of the suitable animal groups to bring us useful information and smashing evolutionary successes in field studies of ecological conditions [4, 5-8]. Reported 5618 moth species in the Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma. Recently in India over species moth have been reported [9]. In Japan, numbers of moth species were shown to reach over 4,400 which are far larger as compared to over 300 species of butterflies [10-11]. Several reports have been published on the fauna of butterfly, their species diversities and seasonal fluctuations of their population as well as appearance of their seasonal morphs in different areas at Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh [12-17] ; but so far no reports have been published on the faunal record of moths in the same study area. In the present study, we attempted to collect moths using a light trap during May- October, 2011 in the campus of Atomic Energy Research Establishment (AERE), Savar, Dhaka, to identify moth species, analyze their diversities and abundance as well as the compositions of moth families. 3. Materials and Methods This study was carried out during May-October, 2011 in AERE campus Savar which is situated at north-west suburbs of Dhaka. The area of AERE campus is about 115 ha, the vegetations of which vary depending on fields, forests and gardens, i. e. fields of fruit plants, timber plants, ornamental plants and grasses, flower gardens and ponds in addition to buildings of offices and resident apartments. ~ 56 ~

2 Natural vegetations including small forests were covered mainly with different types of herbs, shrubs and weeds. On fine days, moths were collected by using a light trap for an hour following the sunset. The light trap was consisted of a white cloth (1m X 3m) positioned perpendicular to the ground, and four 40-W white florescent lights and a 200-W mercury light were used as the light sources. Ground of the light trap was covered with a white cloth (1m X 3m). Moths attracted by the light trap was collected by using insect nets and killed with carbon tetrachloride in the bottle. Their wings were stretched on insect stretching boards and dried properly in a dry oven at 50 C. Collected moths were identified according to moth [10] specimen books, Moths of Japan and Moths of Thailand [18]. Relative abundances of the moth species were calculated as described in Landau and Prowell [19]. 4. Results and Discussions During the study period a total of 1489 moths were collected. Collected moths were indentified which consists of 153 species belonging to 113 genera in 25 sub-families under 14 families (Table-1). Among the 25 sub-families 9 belong to Noctuidae, 6 to Pyralidae, 5 to Geometridae, 3 to Arctiidae and 2 to Sphingidae family. These sub-families were consist of Catocalinae, Acontiinae, Ophiderinae, Amphipyrinae, Noctuinae, Hadeninae, Hypeninae, Herminiinae and Heliothinae under Noctuidae family; Pyraustinae, Schoenobiinae, Crambinae, Nymphulinae, Pyralinae and Phycitiinae under Pyralidae family; Geometrinae, Ennominae, Oenochrominae, Larentinae and Sterrhinae under Geometridae family; Arctiinae, Lithosiinae and Nyctemerinae under Arctiidae family and Sphinginae, Macroglossinae under Sphingidae family (Table-1). Among the collected 1489 moths 683 belong to the family Pyralidae, followed by Noctuidae (470), Arctiidae (207), Geometridae (41), Lymantridae (33), Hypsidae (18), Lymacodidae (17), Ctenuchidae (8), Drepanidae (7), Sphingidae (5), Notodontidae (4) Psychidae (1), Nolidae (1) and Lasiocampidae (1). The highest 58 species of moth was recorded from the family of Noctuidae followed by 44 species of Pyralidae, 16 species of Geometridae, 13 species of Arctiidae, 6 species of Lymantridae, 4 species of Sphingidae, 3 species of Ctenuchidae, 2 species of Lymacodidae, 2 species of Hypsidae and only 1 species recorded in each family of Drepanidae, Psychidae, Nolidae, Notodontidae and Lasicampidae (Fig. 1). The above mentioned results have shown that the largest and the 2nd largest numbers of moths were recorded from the family of Pyralidae (683) and Noctuidae (470) in contrast the largest and the 2nd largest numbers of species belongs to Noctuidae (58) and Pyralidae (44). Considering these results the family Noctuidae showed highest species diversity among the recorded families in the study area. Fig 1: Numbers of moths and species of each family collected using by a light trap in the AERE campus Among the moth families three families were dominant viz, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Pyralidae) and 127 individuals of Pyralidae, Noctuidae and Arctiidae. The relative abundance to Spilosoma obliqua (Arctiidae) (Table 1&2). Results indicating these families was for Pyralidae, for Noctuidae that the C. medinalis was most dominant species in the study and for Arctiidae respectively. The relative abundance area, it may contribute largely to the dominancy of Pyralidae was found about 0.07 for Psychidae, Nolidae and family in study area. The dominancy of C. medinalis in the Lasiocampidae (Table 1). Many minor species of moths was study area might be due to the abundant larval food plants captured in the study area. Among the 153 identified moth grown in grass fields of the AERE campus. A similar species, 72 species was considered as minor since only 1 observation was reported in a moth species, Crambus individual was captured per species. Similarly 16 species were humidellu (Crambidae) which was the most dominant moth recorded in which 2 to 3 individuals were captured per species. species in Akiyoshi-dai platau, Yamaguchi, Japan where Dominant species was considered when more than 50 abundant larval food plants grown in grasslands of Akiyoshidai individuals were recorded per species. Accordingly four platau [20]. dominant species was found in study area, those were 62 individuals of Spodoptera litura (Noctuidae), 89 individuals of In the present study we have collected a good number of Leucania compta (Noctuidae), 397 individuals of moths by using a light trap in the AERE campus and ~ 57 ~

3 succeeded to identify them up to species level. Since data of the present study are not sufficient to analyze species diversities and population sizes of moths, future studies will enrich the data for analyzing how species diversities and population sizes of moths changes with the changes of environmental and vegetation conditions in and around the study area. Table 1: A species list with relative abundance of moth s fauna captured at AERE campus Name of families and sub-families Name and number of species Number of moths Relative abundance Noctuidae 58 species Catocalinae 15 species Ophiusa coronate Pindara illibata Artena dotala Mocis undata Mocis sp Parallelia mandschurica Parallelia arctotaemia Grammodes geometrica Chalciope mygdon Achae janata Remigia frugalis Spirama helicina Eupatula macrops Erebus hieroglyphica Hulodes drylla Acontiinae 11 species Xanthodes intersepta Acanthoplusia aganta Chrysodeixis acuta Chrysodeixis minutus Oruza divisa Oruza sp Corgatha pygmaea Naranga aenescens Maliattha signifera Lithacidia elaeostygia Trichoplusia orichalcea Ophiderinae 8 species Othreis fullonia Pandytia metaspila Ericeia sp Polydesma boarmoides Anticarsia irrorata Othreis homaena Anomis flava flava Anticarsia sp species Spodoptera litura Spodoptera mauritia aconyctoides Spodoptera depravata Spodoptera exigue Amphipyrinae 39. Spodoptera cilium Platysenta illecta Athetis placida Athetis lapidea Athetis striolata Athetis furvula lentina Sesamia inferens Chasminodes japonica Noctuinae 1 species Anapamea minor Hadeninae 2 species 28 ~ 58 ~

4 48. Agrotis ipsilon Euxoa nigrata species 101 Hypeninae 50. Leucania compta Leucania sp Acantholeucania loreyimima Herminiinae 2 species Hypena indicatalis Hypena longipennis species 15 Heliothinae 55. Simplicia ryukyuensis Paracolax biquncta Helicoverpa armigera armigera Helicoverpa assulta assulta Pyralidae 44 species Pyraustinae 26 species Aethaloessa calidalis Maruca testulalis Diaphania indica Omphisa anastomosalis Glyphodes formosanus Hymenia recurvalis Eurrhyparodes accessalis Paraponyx fluctuosalis Herpetogramma stultalis Herpetogramma licarsisalis Herpetogramma okamoto Herpetogramma phaeopteralis Cnaphaocrocis medinalis Hedylepta misera Botyodes asialis Ostrinia scapulalis subpacifica Ostrinia orientalis orientalis Pygospila tyres Tyspanodes gracilis Udea testacea Pycnarmon cribrata Marasmia limbalis Piletocera sodalis Leucinodes orbonalis Goniorhynchus butyrosa Glyphodes pyloalis Schoenobiinae 8 species Scirpophaga excerptalis Scirpophaga praelata Scirpophaga xantho Scirpophaga virginia Scirpophaga goto Scirpophaga nivella Scirpophaga incertulas Scirpophaga parvalis Crambinae 5 species Microchilo inouei Parapediasia teterrella Pareromene vermeeri Neopediasia mixtalis Calamotropha yamanakai owadai Nymphulinae 2 species Nymphula enixalis Paraponyx vittalis Pyralinae 2 species 2 ~ 59 ~

5 42. Hypsopygia kawabei Quasipuer infamella Phycitinae 1 species Homoeosoma matsumyrellum Arctiidae 13 species Arctiinae 9 species Creatonotos gangis Creatonotos transiens diasetsuzana Utetheisa pulchelloides Utetheisa lotrix lotrix Spilosoma obliqua Spilosoma seriatopunctata ozumai Spilosoma inaequalis sakasuchii Spilosoma inaequalis inaequalis Rhyparioides nebulosus Lithosiinae 3 species Eilema laevis Miltochrista sp Stigmatophora bipuncta Nyctemerinae 1 species Nyctemer sp Geometridae 16 species species Comibaena diluta Geometrinae 2. Comibaena amoenaria Thalassodes subquadrodris Thalassodes proquadraria Thalassodes immissaria immissaria Pamphlebia rubrolimbraria Chlorissa anadema Comostola subtiliaria kawazoei Ennominae 2 species Hyposidra talaca Heterolocha aristonaria Oenochrominae 2 species Eumelea biflavata insulate Derambila saponaria fragilis Larentinae 1 species 1 1. Gymnoscelis ishigakinsis species 3 Sterrhinae 1. Scopula superciliata Scopula subpunctata Idaea neovalida species Lymantriidae 1. Parocneria furva Euproctis pulverea Arctornis album Calliteara sp Euproctis sp Euproctis sp Sphingidae 4 species Sphinginae 1 species 1 1. Agrius convolvuli species 4 Macroglossinae 2. Thereta clotho clotho Thereta pinastrina pinastrina Rhyncholaba acteus Ctenuchidae 3 species Amata sp Amata sp Amata sp ~ 60 ~

6 Lymacodidae 2 species Latoia sinica Susica fusca Drepanidae 1 species Agnidra scabiosa scabiosa 7 Psychidae 1 species Bambalina sp. 1 Nolidae 1 species Meganola pseudohypena 1 Notodontidae 1 species Zaranga permagna 4 Lasiocampidae 1 species Odonestis pruni japonensis 1 Hypsidae 2 species Asota caricae Asota paphos Table 2: Species abundance of moths captured in the AERE campus from May to October, 2011 Number of moths captured per species Number of species > Acknowledgements This research work was conducted under the research cooperation program between Institute of Food and Radiation Biology (IFRB) and Yamaguchi University (YU), Japan. 6. Reference 1. Holloway JD. Moths as indicator organisms for categorizing rain forest and monitoring changes and regeneration processes. Tropical Rain Forest: The Leeds Symposium 1985; Robbins RK, Opler PA. Butterfly diversity and a preliminary comparison with bird and mammal diversity. In : Biodiversity II, understanding and protecting our biological resources, Wilson DE, Reaka-Kudla ML, Wilson EO (Eds.) Joseph Henry Press, Washington, DC. 3. Alfred JRB, Das AK, Sanyal AK. Faunal diversity in India. ENVIS Centre Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata 1998; Carter D. Butterflies and Moths (Eyewitness Handbooks). Dorling Kindersley, Inc New York Hampson GF. The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma-Moths-1. Taylor and Francis, London 1892; Hampson GF. The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma-Moths-2. Taylor and Francis, London 1894; Hampson GF. The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma-Moths-3. Taylor and Francis, London 1895; Hampson GF. The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma-Moths-4. Taylor and Francis, London 1896, ~ 61 ~ 9. Chandra K. Nema DK. Fauna of Madhya Pradesh (including Chhattisgarh) part-1, State Fauna Series, Published by Director, Zoolocal Survey of India, Kolkata : Inoue H, Sugi S, Kuroko H, Moriuti S, Kawabe A. Owada M. Moths of Japan, Vol. 1-3, Kodansha, Tokyo, Shirozu T. Butterflies of the Japan. Hokuryukan Pub., Tokyo, Japan, 1964, \ 12. Islam ATMF, Razzak MA, Mamun ANK, Saifullah ASM, Shahjahan RM, Endo et al. Common Butterflies in Bangladesh, (with 15 plates), Published by Institute of Food & Radiation Biology, AERE, Savar, Dhaka, 2007, Islam ATMF, Razzak MA, Islam MH, Saifullah ASM, Shahjahan RM, Endo K et al. Seasonal polymorphism of nymphalid butterflies in Atomic Energy Research Establishment (AERE) campus and adjacent areas, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Bangladesh J Entomol 2009; 19(2): Islam ATMF, Razzak MA, Islam MH, Saifullah ASM, Endo K, Yamanaka A. Dry and wet season polymorphism in the butterflies Melanitis leda and Mycalesis mineus (Satyridae: Lepidoptera). Univ. J Zool Rajshahi Univ 2010; 29: Islam ATMF, Islam MH, Saifullah ASM, Endo K, Yamanaka A. New records of butterflies and their species diversity in four different areas of Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Univ. J Zool Rajshahi Univ 2011; 30: Islam ATMF, Islam MH, Razzak MA, Saifullah ASM, Yamanaka A. Seasonal patterns of butterfly abundance and species richness in four different habitats at Savar, Dhaka. Jahangirnagar University J Biol Sci 2012;

7 1(2): Shahjahan RM, Razzak MA, Islam ATMF, Saifullah ASM, Yamanaka A, Inoue M et al. Preliminary study of seasonal fluctuations of the numbers of butterflies in a forest of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Bangladesh J Zool 2008; 36(2): Kononenko VS, Pinratana Bro A. Moths in Thailand. Vol. 3, Brothers of Saint Gabriel in Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand, Landau D, Prowell D. A partial check list of moths from mixed mesophytic hard wood forest in Louisiana (Insecta: Lepideptera). Transsactions of the American Entomol Soci 1999; 125(1+2): Yamanaka A, Yamasaki M, Watanabe M, Matsumura S. Lepidopteran moths light-trapped in the Akiyoshi-dai Plateau of Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. Bull. Akiyoshidai Museum Natural History 2007; 42: ~ 62 ~

Moths of the Guadalcanal Island (Lepidoptera)

Kagoshima Univ. Res. Center S. Pac, Occasional Papers. No. 5. p. 87-103, 1985 87 Moths of the Guadalcanal Island (Lepidoptera) Nobutoyo K6da* and Kanetosi KUSIGEMATI** Abstract The 34 species of Heterocera