Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-ASF)

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1 MIPAS observations of the Asian monsoon anticyclone: Focus on water vapor, tracers, and pollutants Gabriele Stiller, Norbert Glatthor, Michael Höpfner, Stefan Lossow, Andreas Wiegele, and Thomas von Clarmann Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-ASF) KIT University of the State of Baden-Württemberg and National Research Center of the Helmholtz Association

MIPAS overview FTIR limb sounding instrument, 10 years of operation on Envisat from July 2002 to April 2012 Altitude coverage in nominal mode ~6 km (or cloud top) to 72 km More than 1300 profiles per

2 MIPAS overview FTIR limb sounding instrument, 10 years of operation on Envisat from July 2002 to April 2012 Altitude coverage in nominal mode ~6 km (or cloud top) to 72 km More than 1300 profiles per day, of up to 30 trace species, clouds and temperature retrieved with IMK/IAA research processor (> 1000 before 2005) Full data record retrieved from most recent level-1b data (version 5) available, see or google MIPAS data IMK Trace species of interest for monsoon analysis: H2O, HDO, O3, C2H2, C2H6, CO, HCN, PAN, HCFC-22, NO2, SO2, NH3, Several re-processings and a large number of different trace species the th profile was archived in March March 2016 Workshop on Dynamics, Transport and Chemistry of the UTLS Asian Monsoon,

MIPAS overview 10 years of operation from July 2002 to April 2012 Interruption due to instrument problems from March to December 2004 MIPAS resumed operation in January 2005 with

profiles per day, of up to 30 trace species, clouds and temperature retrieved with IMK/IAA research processor (> 1000 before 2005) Large user community, data have been used in several

3 MIPAS overview 10 years of operation from July 2002 to April 2012 Interruption due to instrument problems from March to December 2004 MIPAS resumed operation in January 2005 with slightly reduced spectral and significantly improved spatial resolution Measurements during day and night Altitude coverage in nominal mode ~6 km (or cloud top) to 72 km More than 1300 profiles per day, of up to 30 trace species, clouds and temperature retrieved with IMK/IAA research processor (> 1000 before 2005) Large user community, data have been used in several international activities (SPARC-CCMVal/CCMI, SPARC-DI, SPARC-WAVAS, SPARC-HEPPA/SOLARIS, ESA CCIs,.) 3 07 March 2016 Workshop on Dynamics, Transport and Chemistry of the UTLS Asian Monsoon,

Is the Asian monsoon system a relevant pathway

Dynamics, Transport and Chemistry of the UTLS

4 Is the Asian monsoon system a relevant pathway for direct trop-strat transport? Fadnavis et al., ACP, March 2016 Workshop on Dynamics, Transport and Chemistry of the UTLS Asian Monsoon, March 7 - Randel et al., Science, 2010 Fadnavis 10, Boulder, CO et al., ACP, 2015

, JGRD, 2013 5 07 March 2016 Workshop on Dynamics, Transport

5 Transport of Asian emissions by the Asian summer monsoon 2010 Fortems-Cheiney et al., JGRD, March 2016 Workshop on Dynamics, Transport and Chemistry of the UTLS Asian Monsoon, 9 th MIPAS Data User meeting, 25/26 June 2014, Granada, Spain

6 Transport in the AMA 6 07 March 2016 Workshop on Dynamics, Transport and Chemistry of the UTLS Asian Monsoon,

7 Global maps: 12 and 16 km, JAS and OND 16 km JAS 12 km JAS GM BB 16 km OND OND 7 07 March 2016 Workshop on Dynamics, Transport and Chemistry of the UTLS Asian Monsoon,

Transport of Asian emissions by the Asian summer monsoon HCFC-22

groundbased station East-Asian emissions are uplifted in the

summer They are distributed below the tropopause over the entire

stratosphere No significant direct TSE from the AMA in the

8 Transport of Asian emissions by the Asian summer monsoon HCFC-22 abundances of > 240 pptv are higher than observed at any groundbased station East-Asian emissions are uplifted in the monsoon convective systems and trapped within the AMA during summer They are distributed below the tropopause over the entire tropics They are uplifted in the tropical pripe to the stratosphere No significant direct TSE from the AMA in the subtropics 8 07 March 2016 Workshop on Dynamics, Transport and Chemistry of the UTLS Asian Monsoon, X

9 Transport of water vapor through the tropopause ctnd.: monsoon impact MAM JJA 30 SON DJF 15 SP NP δd -200 Lossow et al, in preparation 9 07 March 2016 Workshop on Dynamics, Transport and Chemistry of the UTLS Asian Monsoon,

10 Tropopause height for JJA (from MIPAS temperature profiles) March 2016 Workshop on Dynamics, Transport and Chemistry of the UTLS Asian Monsoon,

11 2 km below the tropopause PAN H2O O3 TP March 2016 Workshop on Dynamics, Transport and Chemistry of the UTLS Asian Monsoon, F-22

12 At the tropopause PAN H2O O3 TP F March 2016 Workshop on Dynamics, Transport and Chemistry of the UTLS Asian Monsoon,

13 2 km above the tropopause PAN H2O O3 TP March 2016 Workshop on Dynamics, Transport and Chemistry of the UTLS Asian Monsoon, F-22

14 Ammonia (NH 3 ) in the UTLS? Only measurements of ammonia in the UT by Ziereis and Arnold, Nature, 1986 NH 3 volume mixing ratios clearly below 0.1 ppt in the UT March 2016 Workshop on Dynamics, Transport and Chemistry of the UTLS Asian Monsoon,

15 NH 3 distribution 50N/S: Jun/Jul/Aug Total retrieval error ~ 5 ppt Random noise error ~1 ppt March 2016 Workshop on Dynamics, Transport and Chemistry of the UTLS Asian Monsoon,

16 NH 3 profile comparisons NH3 maximum larger and at lower altitudes in the eastern part of the monsoon area Much more variable and peaking at higher altitudes in the western part Maximum in southern hemisphere indicates detection limit of ~5 ppt March 2016 Workshop on Dynamics, Transport and Chemistry of the UTLS Asian Monsoon,

17 NH3 and the ATAL? Metzger et al., March 2016 Workshop on Dynamics, Transport and Chemistry of the UTLS Asian Monsoon,

18 Summary and conclusions MIPAS provides many species for the study of the Asian (and American) monsoon UTLS HCFC-22 is a good tracer for Indian/Chinese pollution because of its unique sources in East Asia. HCFC-22 forms a maximum layer in the tropics below the tropopause, indicating transport from the Asian monsoon UT into the TTL and upward in the tropical pipe. Analysis of species at the tropopause: vertical transport through the AMA tropopause rather weak if any; even subsidence above the AMA? Strange behaviour of H2O at the AMA tropopause, more linked to the West Pacific. New product: NH3, enhanced in AMA (for some years); link to ammonium nitrate aerosol and ATAL March 2016 Workshop on Dynamics, Transport and Chemistry of the UTLS Asian Monsoon, Thank you!

Tropopause-following analysis of water vapour and ΔD for the monsoon systems and the tropics

Tropopause-following analysis of water vapour and ΔD for the monsoon systems and the tropics Gabriele Stiller, Norbert Glatthor, Stefan Lossow, and the MIPAS team at KIT INSTITUTE OF METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATE