Aerodynamics & Aeroelasticity: Certification of Wind Turbines Σπύρος Βουτσινάς / Spyros Voutsinas
|
|
- June West
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Εθνικό Μετσόβιο Πολυτεχνείο National Technical University of Athens Aerodynamics & Aeroelasticity: Certification of Wind Turbines Σπύρος Βουτσινάς / Spyros Voutsinas
2 Άδεια Χρήσης Το παρόν εκπαιδευτικό υλικό υπόκειται σε άδειες χρήσης Creative Commons. Για εκπαιδευτικό υλικό, όπως εικόνες, που υπόκειται σε άδεια χρήσης άλλου τύπου, αυτή πρέπει να αναφέρεται ρητώς. Aerodynamics & Aeroelasticity Certification of WT 2
3 Outline 1. What is certification who needs it and why? certification for designers and customers 2. What is the basic philosophy of standards? design classes, site assessment, modelling requirements 3. How can we describe real (turbulent) wind? description of turbulent wind, modelling principles, extremes 4. What can realistic simulations offer? spectral analysis, cumulative spectra & fatigue analysis 5. Review of the IEC standard ultimate and fatigue analysis, normal and extreme operation, faults 6. Some indicative examples Aerodynamics & Aeroelasticity Certification of WT 3
4 1. What is certification who needs it and why? Certification is standard in engineering. It guarantees the operational reliability and safety of a product, in our case a wind turbine. Both aspects are closely related to external conditions, in our case basically the wind flow (but also the grid, ice, earthquake etc) In order to meet its targets, certification needs to define standards. Standards aim at answering in the best possible way questions like: Will the wind turbine last? Will it produce what it is designed for? Is its operation free of risk? To this end we need measurements and theory. Theory is important because we cannot measure everything. Measurements are necessary because our theories but also manufacturing are subjected to uncertainties Aerodynamics & Aeroelasticity Certification of WT 4
5 What is certification who needs it and why? Certification is addressed to designs and customers. The designer will certify his product while the customer will certify/secure his investment. Both aspects share one common thing: the conditions. There are normal conditions and extreme conditions. Wind turbines will operate in normal conditions for most of their life-time. Still however, since normal conditions are not steady, wind turbines are subjected to failure because of fatigue Extreme conditions are related to safety. In fact they test the wind turbine for strength. The designer choose the conditions against which he wishes to test his machine On the contrary the customer chooses wind turbines for given conditions Aerodynamics & Aeroelasticity Certification of WT 5
6 2. What is the philosophy of standards? The central point of all standards is classification. The current version of the IEC standard defines 3 main classes. All other cases are included in a special class which is free. Classes are defined with respect to basic wind conditions: a reference velocity and a reference turbulence intensity I ref There are three different values for I ref allowing to account for site specific conditions (as experience has shown) Aerodynamics & Aeroelasticity Certification of WT 6
7 What is the philosophy of standards? Based on V ref and I ref theory allows to define all wind dependent information we need. It includes: The long terms statistics The turbulent spectrum of the wind The extreme wind conditions Describing real wind plays a central part in assessing designs or selecting wind turbines. After all wind is our excitation mechanism Aerodynamics & Aeroelasticity Certification of WT 7
8 What is the philosophy of standards? The designer is therefore asked to produce for the specific wind characteristics of the class he has chosen, all the necessary information. It includes both calculations and tests. The customer is asked to perform a site assessment and define the class corresponding to it. He also will present measurements and calculations. In case the site assessment concludes that the definition of the classes is not appropriate, then an S class is defined and the designer is asked to check his design for these special conditions. The standard besides specifying the content of the information, also specifies in either a normative or informative way the theory which should/could be used. Wind modelling, wake effects in clusters, fatigue analysis are among the topics covered. Aerodynamics & Aeroelasticity Certification of WT 8
9 3. How can we describe real (turbulent) wind? The significance of scale In nature wind flows vary in space and time in an arbitrary (stochastic) way. Variability can be due to flow particularities, such as terrain effects, atmospheric conditions, wake effects but also turbulence. Because of arbitrariness, wind is described in a probabilistic/ statistical/ stochastic context. In this connection time scale is important. For wind potential assessment we need long term statistics: how wind is distributed over the year. The Weibull or the Rayleigh distributions for the 10min averaged wind velocity, are used: k V o P(V V o) 1exp, k 2 kvave V 0.2V For strength and fatigue analysis this is not appropriate. We need to take into account smaller scales: namely those contained within a 10min period. A different but very important issue is also the estimation of extremes. Aerodynamics & Aeroelasticity Certification of WT 9 ave ref
10 How can we describe real (turbulent) wind? The turbulent wind model We need to describe wind in the form of time series for the all three components over a box which covers the rotor diameter and has enough length so as to cover the duration of a simulation. This box will move and pass through the rotor disk at a speed equal to the mean speed at hub-height. So for a 10min simulation the length should be at least 60*U Hub. In order to include the turbulent scales needed, in one of the methods we can use, we assume: a spectrum at one point (e.g. the hub height), for the wind velocity vector, a coherence function in space So the idea is to extract from these data time series covering the length of our box. The method is based on factorization Coh( f,δr,u) G(f ) Aerodynamics & Aeroelasticity Certification of WT 10
11 How can we describe real (turbulent) wind? 1. We first define the discrete spectral matrix: f S jj(f m ) G jj(f m ) 2 S (f ) Coh (f, r,u ) S (f )S (f ) jk m jk m jk jj m kk m S(f ) H(f )H (f ) *T m m m In case we assume that H is assumed to be lower triangular there is simple algorithm for evaluating H 2. We factorise the spectral matrix: 3. The elements of H can be regarded as the weighting factors for the linear combination of independent, unit-magnitude, white-noise inputs that yield correlated outputs with the correct spectral matrix. So in order to produce the desired time series we just need to add random phases: j j i V(f j m) H jk(f m)x k(f m) H jk(f m)e k1 k1 km Aerodynamics & Aeroelasticity Certification of WT 11
12 How can we describe real (turbulent) wind? It is important to know that phases are uniformly distributed values over [0,2p] This means that we can have several realizations. The standard specifies at least 6 realizations. The reason is shown in the figures Aerodynamics & Aeroelasticity Certification of WT 12
13 How can we describe real (turbulent) wind? Evaluation of extremes We are interested on the following extremes: Extreme wind speed over a certain period Extreme direction change over a certain period Extreme gust (max change within a short time interval) over a certain period The scale or the period within which we search extremes is large (say 1 year) so in this case we are based on long term statistics, e.g. based on Weibull: k1 ku U p(u) W[U;C,k] exp CC C To this end we need: A properly defined probability density function of the event A theory to evaluate extremes k Aerodynamics & Aeroelasticity Certification of WT 13
14 How can we describe real (turbulent) wind? C1 CU U p(u) W[U;A,C] exp AA A C shape parameter, c Class IV Class III Extreme wind speed (m/s) during 50 year versus the Weibull parameters. Confidence level 95%, averaging time 3 sec Class II Class I scale parameter, A Aerodynamics & Aeroelasticity Certification of WT 14
15 How can we describe real (turbulent) wind? 0.9 time (sec) C1 CU U p(u) W[U;A,C] exp AA A C correlation coefficient L/U = 20 Extreme 50 year gust (m/s). Weibull A=8 m/s, c=1.7, 10% turbulence intensity and 95% confidence level 0.5 L/U = L/U = V1 (m/s) Aerodynamics & Aeroelasticity Certification of WT 15
16 4. What can realistic simulations offer? Realistic simulations are performed with turbulent wind inflow in the time domain. The duration of a simulation is 10min, which is in fact quite long! For given wind characteristics: one point wind spectrum and spatial correlation time series are produced covering the complete duration of the simulation plus an initial margin. All results (basically internal loads & stresses, deformations and electrical output), are produced in the form of time series. Spectral analysis of the signals can provide mean, min & max values as well as spectra. In particular for structural design, fatigue loads are of particular importance. They provide for each range the number of cycles contained in the signals. Ranges are related to fatigue limits directly Aerodynamics & Aeroelasticity Certification of WT 16
17 What can realistic simulations offer? Load spectra Mode description Calc. Meas. Lateral Tower bemding mode Windwise Tower bending mode Torsional mode Assymetric flap (yaw) Assymetric flap (tilt) Symmetric flap Asymmetric edge Asymmetric edge Aerodynamics & Aeroelasticity Certification of WT 17
18 What can realistic simulations offer? Load spectra Mode description Calc. Meas. Lateral Tower bemding mode Windwise Tower bending mode Torsional mode Assymetric flap (yaw) Assymetric flap (tilt) Symmetric flap Asymmetric edge Asymmetric edge Aerodynamics & Aeroelasticity Certification of WT 18
19 What can realistic simulations offer? Fatigue loads Aerodynamics & Aeroelasticity Certification of WT 19
20 What can realistic simulations offer? Fatigue loads The effect of design L eq i L N m i eq n i 1/ m Normalized L eq 100 Leq 3 R σ u Aerodynamics & Aeroelasticity Certification of WT 20
21 What can realistic simulations offer? Fatigue loads The effect of wind conditions Α: High Turbulence Intensity Β: High Turbulence Intensity Aerodynamics & Aeroelasticity Certification of WT 21
22 5. Review of the IEC standard Power Production (+fault) Start-up or Stop Normal operation NTM=Normal Turbulent Wind or NWP=Normal Wind Profile Extreme conditions ETM=Extreme Turbulent Model ECD=Extreme Coherent Gust + Direction Change EOG=Extreme Operation Gust EDC=Extreme Direction Change Fatigue or Ultimate Safety Factors Aerodynamics & Aeroelasticity Certification of WT 22
23 Review of the IEC standard Aerodynamics & Aeroelasticity Certification of WT 23
24 Review of the IEC standard Safety Factors Safety factors are introduced on both loads and materials. Their aim is to secure that we are on the safe side! For loads we increase the unfavourable loads and decrease the favourable Aerodynamics & Aeroelasticity Certification of WT 24
25 Review of the IEC standard For the material strength we wish to account uncertainties of all types: Assumptions on the strength itself Inaccuracies in assessment the strength of compound parts Geometrical uncertainties during manufacturing Uncertainties resulting from any difference between the actual structure and the specimen which were tested. The meterial safety factor >1/1.1 As an indication, the values depend on whether the component is fail-safe or non fail safe The type of loading (1/1.2 for buckling, 1/1.3 for exceeding tensile or compression strength For fatigue analysis the safety factor for loads is 1 while for the material properties is more severe and depending on the data these properties are derived from, it can reach 1/1.7 Aerodynamics & Aeroelasticity Certification of WT 25
26 6. Some examples Extreme Coherent gust Directional Change Vhub= Vout Aerodynamics & Aeroelasticity Certification of WT 26
27 Some examples Shut Down plus 1 year Extreme Operating Vhub= Vout Aerodynamics & Aeroelasticity Certification of WT 27
28 Some examples Aerodynamics & Aeroelasticity Certification of WT 28
29 END Aerodynamics & Aeroelasticity Certification of WT 29
30 Χρηματοδότηση Το παρόν εκπαιδευτικό υλικό έχει αναπτυχθεί στα πλαίσια του εκπαιδευτικού έργου του διδάσκοντα. Το έργο «Ανοικτά Ακαδημαϊκά Μαθήματα» του ΕΜΠ έχει χρηματοδοτήσει μόνο την αναδιαμόρφωση του υλικού. Το έργο υλοποιείται στο πλαίσιο του Επιχειρησιακού Προγράμματος «Εκπαίδευση και Δια Βίου Μάθηση» και συγχρηματοδοτείται από την Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση (Ευρωπαϊκό Κοινωνικό Ταμείο) και από εθνικούς πόρους. Aerodynamics & Aeroelasticity Certification of WT 30
Control Strategies for operation of pitch regulated turbines above cut-out wind speeds
Control Strategies for operation of pitch regulated turbines above cut-out wind speeds Helen Markou 1 Denmark and Torben J. Larsen, Risø-DTU, P.O.box 49, DK-4000 Roskilde, Abstract The importance of continuing
More informationComputationally Efficient Determination of Long Term Extreme Out-of-Plane Loads for Offshore Turbines
Computationally Efficient Determination of Long Term Extreme Out-of-Plane Loads for Offshore Turbines Anand Natarajan Senior Scientist Wind Energy Department, Risø DTU Denmark Introduction IEC 61400-1
More informationStatistical analysis of fatigue loads in a direct drive wind turbine
Statistical analysis of fatigue loads in a direct drive wind turbine Håan Johansson Dept. Applied Mechanics Chalmers University of Technology haan.johansson@chalmers.se Vitor Berbyu Dept. Applied Mechanics
More informationExtrapolation of Extreme Response for Wind Turbines based on FieldMeasurements
Downloaded from vbn.aau.dk on: januar 15, 2019 Aalborg Universitet Extrapolation of Extreme Response for Wind Turbines based on FieldMeasurements Toft, Henrik Stensgaard; Sørensen, John Dalsgaard Published
More informationEffect of wind flow direction on the loads at wind farm. Romans Kazacoks Lindsey Amos Prof William Leithead
Effect of wind flow direction on the loads at wind farm Romans Kazacoks Lindsey Amos Prof William Leithead Objectives: Investigate the effect of wind flow direction on the wind turbine loads (fatigue)
More informationExtreme Wind in the Asia Pacific:
Extreme Wind in the Asia Pacific: A guessing game or an exact science? Megan Briggs April 2014 Agenda 01 02 03 04 05 Introduction to Extreme Winds Conventional Methods Extreme Winds in Aus/NZ Extreme Winds
More informationE. Agu, M. Kasperski Ruhr-University Bochum Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Sciences
EACWE 5 Florence, Italy 19 th 23 rd July 29 Flying Sphere image Museo Ideale L. Da Vinci Chasing gust fronts - wind measurements at the airport Munich, Germany E. Agu, M. Kasperski Ruhr-University Bochum
More informationTHE CORRELATION BETWEEN WIND TURBINE TURBULENCE AND PITCH FAILURE
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN WIND TURBINE TURBULENCE AND PITCH FAILURE Peter TAVNER, Yingning QIU, Athanasios KOROGIANNOS, Yanhui FENG Energy Group, School of Engineering and Computing Sciences, Durham University,
More informationEvaluation of wind loads by a passive yaw control at the extreme wind speed condition and its verification by measurements
Evaluation of wind loads by a passive yaw control at the extreme wind speed condition and its verification by measurements Dec/11/2017 Soichiro Kiyoki Takeshi Ishihara Mitsuru Saeki Ikuo Tobinaga (Hitachi,
More information3D Turbulence at the Offshore Wind Farm Egmond aan Zee J.W. Wagenaar P.J. Eecen
3D Turbulence at the Offshore Wind Farm Egmond aan Zee J.W. Wagenaar P.J. Eecen OWEZ_R_121_3Dturbulence_20101008 ECN-E--10-075 OCTOBER 2010 Abstract NoordzeeWind carries out an extensive measurement and
More informationWIND CONDITIONS MODELING FOR SMALL WIND TURBINES
U.P.B. Sci. Bull., Series C, Vol. 77, Iss. 2, 2015 ISSN 2286-3540 WIND CONDITIONS MODELING FOR SMALL WIND TURBINES Viorel URSU 1, Sandor BARTHA 2 Wind energy systems are a solution which became cost effective
More informationSUBPART C - STRUCTURE
SUBPART C - STRUCTURE GENERAL CS 23.301 Loads (a) Strength requirements are specified in terms of limit loads (the maximum loads to be expected in service) and ultimate loads (limit loads multiplied by
More informationComparison of Wind Turbines Regarding their Energy Generation.
Comparison of Wind Turbines Regarding their Energy Generation. P. Mutschler, Member, EEE, R. Hoffmann Department of Power Electronics and Control of Drives Darmstadt University of Technology Landgraf-Georg-Str.
More informationEnergy Output. Outline. Characterizing Wind Variability. Characterizing Wind Variability 3/7/2015. for Wind Power Management
Energy Output for Wind Power Management Spring 215 Variability in wind Distribution plotting Mean power of the wind Betz' law Power density Power curves The power coefficient Calculator guide The power
More informationFull scale experimental analysis of extreme coherent gust with wind direction changes (EOD)
Journal of Physics: Conference Series Full scale experimental analysis of extreme coherent gust with wind direction changes (EOD) To cite this article: K S Hansen and G C Larsen 27 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.
More informationNew IEC and Site Conditions in Reality
New IEC 61400-1 and Site Conditions in Reality Udo Follrichs Windtest Kaiser-Wilhelm-Koog GmbH Sommerdeich 14b, D-25709 Kaiser-Wilhelm-Koog Tel.: +49-4856-901-0, Fax: +49-4856-901-49 Axel Andreä, Kimon
More informationReal Life Turbulence and Model Simplifications. Jørgen Højstrup Wind Solutions/Højstrup Wind Energy VindKraftNet 28 May 2015
Real Life Turbulence and Model Simplifications Jørgen Højstrup Wind Solutions/Højstrup Wind Energy VindKraftNet 28 May 2015 Contents What is turbulence? Description of turbulence Modelling spectra. Wake
More informationA comprehensive method for the structural design and verification of the INNWIND 10MW tri-spar floater
NATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY of ATHENS (NTUA) A comprehensive method for the structural design and verification of the INNWIND 10MW tri-spar floater DI Manolas, CG Karvelas, IA Kapogiannis, VA Riziotis,
More information3D Nacelle Mounted Lidar in Complex Terrain
ENERGY 3D Nacelle Mounted Lidar in Complex Terrain PCWG Hamburg, Germany Paul Lawson 25.03.2015 1 DNV GL 125.03.2015 SAFER, SMARTER, GREENER Agenda Introduction and Project Background Lidar Specifications
More informationWESEP 594 Research Seminar
WESEP 594 Research Seminar Aaron J Rosenberg Department of Aerospace Engineering Iowa State University Major: WESEP Co-major: Aerospace Engineering Motivation Increase Wind Energy Capture Betz limit: 59.3%
More informationOn the Challenges of Analysis and Design of Turret-Moored FPSOs in Squalls
On the Challenges of Analysis and Design of Turret-Moored FPSOs in Squalls Arun Duggal Amir Izadparast Yu Ding 19th SNAME Offshore Symposium 6 February 2014 Overview Squalls, History & Current Practice
More informationVINDKRAFTNET MEETING ON TURBULENCE
VINDKRAFTNET MEETING ON TURBULENCE On-going Work on Wake Turbulence in DONG Energy 28/05/2015 Cameron Brown Load Engineer Lucas Marion R&D graduate Who are we? Cameron Brown Load Engineer from Loads Aerodynamics
More informationWind Farm Blockage: Searching for Suitable Validation Data
ENERGY Wind Farm Blockage: Searching for Suitable Validation Data James Bleeg, Mark Purcell, Renzo Ruisi, and Elizabeth Traiger 09 April 2018 1 DNV GL 2014 09 April 2018 SAFER, SMARTER, GREENER Wind turbine
More informationModelling of Wind Turbine Loads nearby a Wind Farm
Journal of Physics: Conference Series PAPER OPEN ACCESS Modelling of Wind Turbine Loads nearby a Wind Farm To cite this article: B Roscher et al 2017 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 854 012038 View the article online
More informationA noise generation and propagation model for large wind farms
Wind Farm Noise: Paper ICA2016-86 A noise generation and propagation model for large wind farms Franck Bertagnolio (a) (a) DTU Wind Energy, Denmark, frba@dtu.dk Abstract A wind turbine noise calculation
More informationJAR-23 Normal, Utility, Aerobatic, and Commuter Category Aeroplanes \ Issued 11 March 1994 \ Section 1- Requirements \ Subpart C - Structure \ General
JAR 23.301 Loads \ JAR 23.301 Loads (a) Strength requirements are specified in terms of limit loads (the maximum loads to be expected in service) and ultimate loads (limit loads multiplied by prescribed
More informationThe Wind Resource: Prospecting for Good Sites
The Wind Resource: Prospecting for Good Sites Bruce Bailey, President AWS Truewind, LLC 255 Fuller Road Albany, NY 12203 bbailey@awstruewind.com Talk Topics Causes of Wind Resource Impacts on Project Viability
More informationRESOURCE DECREASE BY LARGE SCALE WIND FARMING
ECN-RX--4-14 RESOURCE DECREASE BY LARGE SCALE WIND FARMING G.P. Corten A.J. Brand This paper has been presented at the European Wind Energy Conference, London, -5 November, 4 NOVEMBER 4 Resource Decrease
More informationWind shear and its effect on wind turbine noise assessment Report by David McLaughlin MIOA, of SgurrEnergy
Wind shear and its effect on wind turbine noise assessment Report by David McLaughlin MIOA, of SgurrEnergy Motivation Wind shear is widely misunderstood in the context of noise assessments. Bowdler et
More informationAvailable online at ScienceDirect. Energy Procedia 53 (2014 )
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Energy Procedia 53 (2014 ) 156 161 EERA DeepWind 2014, 11th Deep Sea Offshore Wind R&D Conference Results and conclusions of a floating-lidar offshore
More informationCombined Wave and Wind Fatigue Damage for Offshore Structures
Combined Wave and Wind Fatigue Damage for Offshore Structures Ronald Horn, S.M.I.L.E.-FEM GmbH, Heikendorf Hongxia Gu, IMPaC Offshore Engineering GmbH, Hamburg October, 19-21 th, 2011, Stuttgart 1 S.M.I.L.E.-FEM
More informationWind Regimes 1. 1 Wind Regimes
Wind Regimes 1 1 Wind Regimes The proper design of a wind turbine for a site requires an accurate characterization of the wind at the site where it will operate. This requires an understanding of the sources
More informationESTIMATION OF THE DESIGN WIND SPEED BASED ON
The Seventh Asia-Pacific Conference on Wind Engineering, November 8-12, 2009, Taipei, Taiwan ESTIMATION OF THE DESIGN WIND SPEED BASED ON UNCERTAIN PARAMETERS OF THE WIND CLIMATE Michael Kasperski 1 1
More informationWhy does T7 underperform? Individual turbine performance relative to preconstruction estimates.
Why does T7 underperform? Individual turbine performance relative to preconstruction estimates. P. Stuart, N. Atkinson, A. Clerc, A. Ely, M. Smith, J. Cronin, M. Zhu & T Young. EWEA Technology Workshop
More informationMeasurement and simulation of the flow field around a triangular lattice meteorological mast
Measurement and simulation of the flow field around a triangular lattice meteorological mast Matthew Stickland 1, Thomas Scanlon 1, Sylvie Fabre 1, Andrew Oldroyd 2 and Detlef Kindler 3 1. Department of
More informationAN ISOLATED SMALL WIND TURBINE EMULATOR
AN ISOLATED SMALL WIND TURBINE EMULATOR Md. Arifujjaman Graduate Student Seminar: Master of Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John s, NL, Canada
More informationWind effects on tall building frames-influence of dynamic parameters
Indian Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 3 No. 5 (May 21) ISSN: 974-6846 583 Wind effects on tall building frames-influence of dynamic parameters B. Dean Kumar 1 and B.L.P. Swami 2 1 Department of
More informationComparing the calculated coefficients of performance of a class of wind turbines that produce power between 330 kw and 7,500 kw
World Transactions on Engineering and Technology Education Vol.11, No.1, 2013 2013 WIETE Comparing the calculated coefficients of performance of a class of wind turbines that produce power between 330
More informationModelling Impact of Non-Standard Conditions. Axel Albers Deutsche WindGuard Consulting GmbH, Varel, Germany
Modelling Impact of Non-Standard Conditions Axel Albers Deutsche WindGuard Consulting GmbH, Varel, Germany (a.albers@windguard.de) Content Modelling of effect of enironmental conditions on power cures
More informationEE 364B: Wind Farm Layout Optimization via Sequential Convex Programming
EE 364B: Wind Farm Layout Optimization via Sequential Convex Programming Jinkyoo Park 1 Introduction In a wind farm, the wakes formed by upstream wind turbines decrease the power outputs of downstream
More informationThe impact of different means of transport on the operation and maintenance strategy for offshore wind farms
The impact of different means of transport on the operation and maintenance strategy for offshore wind farms W.A.A.M. Bierbooms, M Sc.; G.J.W. van Bussel, PhD * Section Wind Energy, Faculty Civil Engineering
More informationWake effects at Horns Rev and their influence on energy production. Kraftværksvej 53 Frederiksborgvej 399. Ph.: Ph.
Wake effects at Horns Rev and their influence on energy production Martin Méchali (1)(*), Rebecca Barthelmie (2), Sten Frandsen (2), Leo Jensen (1), Pierre-Elouan Réthoré (2) (1) Elsam Engineering (EE)
More information3D-simulation of the turbulent wake behind a wind turbine
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 3D-simulation of the turbulent wake behind a wind turbine To cite this article: Steffen Wußow et al 2007 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 75 012033 View the article online for
More informationStefan Emeis
The Physics of Wind Park Optimization Stefan Emeis stefan.emeis@kit.edu INSTITUTE OF METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATE RESEARCH, Photo: Vattenfall/C. Steiness KIT University of the State of Baden-Wuerttemberg and
More informationSite Assessment Report. Wind farm: Ascog Farm (GB)
Site Assessment Report Energy Yield Estimation Wind farm: (GB) 3 x E- kw with 5m hh Imprint Publisher Copyright notice ENERCON GmbH 5 Aurich Germany Phone: +9 91 97- Fax: +9 91 97-19 E-mail: info@enercon.de
More informationAutodesk Moldflow Communicator Process settings
Autodesk Moldflow Communicator 212 Process settings Revision 1, 3 March 211. Contents Chapter 1 Process settings....................................... 1 Profiles.................................................
More informationSite Description: LOCATION DETAILS Report Prepared By: Tower Site Report Date
Wind Resource Summary for Holyoke Site Final Report Colorado Anemometer Loan Program Monitoring Period:: 6/21/26 /6/27 Report Date: December 2, 27 Site Description: The site is 17.4 miles south of the
More informationStudy on wind turbine arrangement for offshore wind farms
Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Jul 01, 2018 Study on wind turbine arrangement for offshore wind farms Shen, Wen Zhong; Mikkelsen, Robert Flemming Published in: ICOWEOE-2011 Publication date: 2011 Document
More informationAerodynamic study of a cyclist s moving legs using an innovative approach
Aerodynamic study of a cyclist s moving legs using an innovative approach Francesco Pozzetti 30 September 2017 Abstract During a period of four weeks in September, I completed a research project in fluid
More informationAerodynamic Control of Flexible Structures in the Natural Wind
Ian Castro 65 th Birthday Workshop, Southampton University, 28-29. 3. 12. Aerodynamic Control of Flexible Structures in the Natural Wind Mike Graham Department of Aeronautics, Imperial College London.
More informationPARK - Main Result Calculation: PARK calculation (5 x 166m, + LT CORR + MITIGATION) N.O. Jensen (RISØ/EMD)
PRK - Main Result Calculation: PRK calculation (5 x V15 @ 166m, + LT CORR + MITIGTION) Wake Model N.O. Jensen (RISØ/EMD) Calculation Settings ir density calculation mode Result for WTG at hub altitude
More informationUltimate Loading of Wind Turbines
Risø-R-(EN) Ultimate Loading of Wind Turbines Gunner Chr. Larsen, Knut Ronold, Hans E. Jørgensen, Kimon Argyriadis and Jaap de Boer Risø National Laboratory, Roskilde, Denmark April 999 Abstract An extreme
More informationAdvanced pre and post-processing in Windsim
University of Perugia Department of Industrial Engineering Francesco Castellani Advanced pre and post-processing in Windsim CONTENTS Pre-processing 1) Domain control: *.gws construction 2) Advanced grid
More informationIn parallel with steady gains in battery energy and power density, the coming generation of uninhabited aerial vehicles (UAVs) will enjoy increased
In parallel with steady gains in battery energy and power density, the coming generation of uninhabited aerial vehicles (UAVs) will enjoy increased range, endurance, and operational capability by exploiting
More informationDetermination of the Design Load for Structural Safety Assessment against Gas Explosion in Offshore Topside
Determination of the Design Load for Structural Safety Assessment against Gas Explosion in Offshore Topside Migyeong Kim a, Gyusung Kim a, *, Jongjin Jung a and Wooseung Sim a a Advanced Technology Institute,
More informationCFD development for wind energy aerodynamics
CFD development for wind energy aerodynamics Hamid Rahimi, Bastian Dose, Bernhard Stoevesandt Fraunhofer IWES, Germany IEA Task 40 Kick-off Meeting 12.11.2017 Tokyo Agenda BEM vs. CFD for wind turbine
More informationBankable Wind Resource Assessment
Bankable Wind Resource Assessment Bankable Wind Resource Assessment 1.800.580.3765 WWW.TTECI.COM Pramod Jain, Ph.D. Presented to: DFCC Bank and RERED Consortia Members January 25 27, 2011 Colombo, Sri
More informationRELATIVE CONTRIBUTION FROM WIND AND WAVES TO LOADS ON OFFSHORE WIND TURBINES
RELATIVE CONTRIBUTION FROM WIND AND WAVES TO LOADS ON OFFSHORE WIND TURBINES Science Meets Industry Stavanger By Jørgen R. Krokstad WITH FOCUS ON SUPPORT STRUCTURES (with contributions from Loup Suja Thauvin
More information7 th International Conference on Wind Turbine Noise Rotterdam 2 nd to 5 th May 2017
7 th International Conference on Wind Turbine Noise Rotterdam 2 nd to 5 th May 2017 Sound power level measurements 3.0 ir. L.M. Eilders, Peutz bv: l.eilders@peutz.nl ing. E.H.A. de Beer, Peutz bv: e.debeer@peutz.nl
More informationTest Summary Report Giraffe 2.0 Hybrid Wind-Solar Power Station - for wind: according to IEC Annex M - for solar: measurement report
Contact person Tanja Tränkle 2016-06-29 4P05805-R01 rev. 1 1 (7) Safety +46 10 516 57 19 Tanja.Trankle@sp.se Innoventum AB Morgan Widung / Marcus Ulmefors Turning Torso office 275 Lilla Varvsgatan 14 211
More informationMeasuring power performance with a Wind Iris 4- beam in accordance with EUDP procedure
Measuring power performance with a Wind Iris 4- beam in accordance with EUDP procedure This document evaluates the applicability of the EUDP procedure for wind turbine measuring power performance using
More informationReliability Analysis of the LabTecta Bearing Protector
Reliability Analysis of the LabTecta Bearing Protector This article examines the statistical life expectancy of the LabTecta bearing protector, supplied by AESSEAL. The LabTecta is an IEEE 841-2001 and
More informationPower curves - use of spinner anemometry. Troels Friis Pedersen DTU Wind Energy Professor
Power curves - use of spinner anemometry Troels Friis Pedersen DTU Wind Energy Professor Spinner anemometry using the airflow over the spinner to measure wind speed, yaw misalignment and flow inclination
More informationAnalysis of pressure losses in the diffuser of a control valve
Analysis of pressure losses in the diffuser of a control valve Petr Turecký 1, Lukáš Mrózek 2*, Ladislav Taj 2, and Michal Kolovratník 3 1 ENVIROS, s.r.o., Dykova 53/10, 101 00 Praha 10-Vinohrady, Czech
More informationWind loads investigations of HAWT with wind tunnel tests and site measurements
loads investigations of HAWT with wind tunnel tests and site measurements Shigeto HIRAI, Senior Researcher, Nagasaki R&D Center, Technical Headquarters, MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDSUTRIES, LTD, Fukahori, Nagasaki,
More informationIncreased Aerodynamic Performance of Wind Turbines Through Improved Wind Gust Detection and Extreme Event Control
Increased Aerodynamic Performance of Wind Turbines Through Improved Wind Gust Detection and Extreme Event Control Eelco Nederkoorn DotX Control Solutions Alkmaar, The Netherlands e.nederkoorn@dotxcontrol.com
More informationLow Wind High Yields Series
Low Wind High Yields Series Wind Turbines USER S MANUAL Introduction Low Wind High Yields Series rotor blades apply the latest advanced thermoplastic engineering and are manufactured by precision injection
More informationDraft Kivalina Wind Resource Report
Draft Kivalina Wind Resource Report Kivalina aerial photo by Doug Vaught, July 2011 May 31, 2012 Douglas Vaught, P.E. dvaught@v3energy.com V3 Energy, LLC Eagle River, Alaska Draft Kivalina Wind Resource
More informationWind Turbine on Telecom Tower
Wind Turbine on Telecom Tower Load Estimation and Structural Design Approach Anil Agarwal (IIT Hyderabad) Srinivas Aluri (Hara Industries) Project overview 2 Motivation Telecom towers get average 13.5
More informationImpact on wind turbine loads from different down regulation control strategies
Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Jan 24, 2019 Impact on wind turbine loads from different down regulation control strategies Galinos, Christos; Larsen, Torben J.; Mirzaei, Mahmood Published in: Journal
More informationVelocity spectrum and blade s deformation of horizontal axis wind turbines
Velocity spectrum and blade s deformation of horizontal axis wind turbines Sanda BUDEA*,1, Mircea Dimitrie CAZACU 1 *Corresponding author *,1 POLITEHNICA University of Bucharest, Faculty of Energetics,
More informationTorrild - WindSIM Case study
Torrild - WindSIM Case study Note: This study differs from the other case studies in format, while here another model; WindSIM is tested as alternative to the WAsP model. Therefore this case should be
More informationComparison of Phatas versions and the Wind Turbine module C. Lindenburg
ECN-E--11-66 Comparison of Phatas versions and the Wind Turbine module C. Lindenburg December 211 Preface The program Phatas is developed at ECN wind energy for the design and analysis of horizontal axis
More informationMiscalculations on the estimation of annual energy output (AEO) of wind farm projects
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Energy Procedia 57 (2014 ) 698 705 2013 ISES Solar World Congress Miscalculations on the estimation of annual energy output (AEO) of wind farm projects
More informationWind resource assessment over a complex terrain covered by forest using CFD simulations of neutral atmospheric boundary layer with OpenFOAM
Wind resource assessment over a complex terrain covered by forest using CFD simulations of neutral atmospheric boundary layer with OpenFOAM Nikolaos Stergiannis nstergiannis.com nikolaos.stergiannis@vub.ac.be
More informationANNUAL OF NAVIGATION 6/2003
ANNUAL OF NAVIGATION 6/23 Leszek Smolarek Gdynia Maritime University Faculty of Navigation MODELING OF THE WIND GENERATED FORCE ACTING ON THE LIFERAFT ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to derive a mathematical
More information2MW baseline wind turbine: model development and verification (WP1) The University of Tokyo & Hitachi, Ltd.
2MW baseline wind turbine: model development and verification (WP1) The University of Tokyo & Hitachi, Ltd. Downwind turbine technology, IEA Wind Task 40 First Progress Meeting, Tokyo, Japan 11 Dec, 2017
More informationHow an extreme wind atlas is made
How an extreme wind atlas is made AC Kruger South African Weather Service X Larsén DTU Wind Energy Wind 1 Atlas for South Africa (WASA) Why do we need extreme wind statistics? Statistical background for
More informationLoad Consequences when Sweeping Blades - A Case Study of a 5 MW Pitch Controlled Wind Turbine
Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Nov 26, 2018 Load Consequences when Sweeping Blades - A Case Study of a 5 MW Pitch Controlled Wind Turbine Verelst, David Robert; Larsen, Torben J. Publication date: 2010
More informationAnalysis of hazard to operator during design process of safe ship power plant
POLISH MARITIME RESEARCH 4(67) 2010 Vol 17; pp. 26-30 10.2478/v10012-010-0032-1 Analysis of hazard to operator during design process of safe ship power plant T. Kowalewski, M. Sc. A. Podsiadło, Ph. D.
More informationCFD AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF AERODYNAMIC DEGRADATION OF ICED AIRFOILS
Colloquium FLUID DYNAMICS 2008 Institute of Thermomechanics AS CR, v.v.i., Prague, October 22-24, 2008 p.1 CFD AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF AERODYNAMIC DEGRADATION OF ICED AIRFOILS Vladimír Horák 1, Dalibor
More informationWindProspector TM Lockheed Martin Corporation
WindProspector TM www.lockheedmartin.com/windprospector 2013 Lockheed Martin Corporation WindProspector Unparalleled Wind Resource Assessment Industry Challenge Wind resource assessment meteorologists
More informationAspects of Using CFD for Wind Comfort Modeling Around Tall Buildings
8 th International Congress on Advances in Civil Engineering, 15-17 September 2008 Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, North Cyprus Aspects of Using CFD for Wind Comfort Modeling Around Tall Buildings
More informationFuga. - Validating a wake model for offshore wind farms. Søren Ott, Morten Nielsen & Kurt Shaldemose Hansen
Fuga - Validating a wake model for offshore wind farms Søren Ott, Morten Nielsen & Kurt Shaldemose Hansen 28-06- Outline What is Fuga? Model validation: which assumptions are tested? Met data interpretation:
More informationInfluence of the Number of Blades on the Mechanical Power Curve of Wind Turbines
European Association for the Development of Renewable Energies, Environment and Power quality International Conference on Renewable Energies and Power Quality (ICREPQ 9) Valencia (Spain), 15th to 17th
More informationAerodynamic Analyses of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine By Different Blade Airfoil Using Computer Program
ISSN : 2250-3021 Aerodynamic Analyses of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine By Different Blade Airfoil Using Computer Program ARVIND SINGH RATHORE 1, SIRAJ AHMED 2 1 (Department of Mechanical Engineering Maulana
More informationLiDAR Application to resource assessment and turbine control
ENERGY LiDAR Application to resource assessment and turbine control Dr. Avishek Kumar The New Zealand Wind Energy Conference 13 th April 2016 1 SAFER, SMARTER, GREENER Agenda What is LiDAR? Remote Sensing
More informationSteady State Comparisons HAWC2 v12.5 vs HAWCStab2 v2.14: Integrated and distributed aerodynamic performance
Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Jan 29, 219 Steady State Comparisons v12.5 vs v2.14: Integrated and distributed aerodynamic performance Verelst, David Robert; Hansen, Morten Hartvig; Pirrung, Georg Publication
More informationMIL-STD-883G METHOD
STEADY-STATE LIFE 1. PURPOSE. The steady-state life test is performed for the purpose of demonstrating the quality or reliability of devices subjected to the specified conditions over an extended time
More informationThe Seventh International Colloquium on Bluff Body Aerodynamics and Applications (BBAA7) Shanghai, China; September 2-6, 2012 Wind tunnel measurements
The Seventh International Colloquium on Bluff Body Aerodynamics and Applications (BBAA7) Shanghai, China; September 2-6, 2012 Wind tunnel measurements of aeroelastic guyed mast models a, Tomasz Lipecki
More informationAdvisory Circular (AC)
Advisory Circular (AC) Stall, Compliance File No. 5009-6-525 AC No. 525-020 RDIMS No. 528401-V3 Issue No. 01 Issuing Branch Aircraft Certification Effective Date 2004-12-01 1.0 INTRODUCTION... 2 1.1 Purpose...
More informationAnalysis of Shear Lag in Steel Angle Connectors
University of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository Honors Theses and Capstones Student Scholarship Spring 2013 Analysis of Shear Lag in Steel Angle Connectors Benjamin Sawyer
More informationAtqasuk Wind Resource Report
Atqasuk Wind Resource Report Report by: Douglas Vaught, P.E., V3 Energy LLC, Eagle River, Alaska Date of Report: August 26, 2010 Atqasuk met tower; D. Vaught photo Contents Summary... 2 Test Site Location...
More informationNumerical Simulation of Wave Loads on Static Offshore Structures
Numerical Simulation of Wave Loads on Static Offshore Structures Hrvoje Jasak, Inno Gatin, Vuko Vukčević Wikki Ltd, United Kingdom Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture University of
More informationWindPRO version Nov 2012 Project:
23/11/2012 15:21 / 1 WAsP interface - Main Result Calculation: WAsP Interface example Name for WAsP Site coordinates UTM NAD27 Zone: 14 East: 451,101 North: 5,110,347 Air density calculation mode Result
More informationAvailable online at ScienceDirect. Procedia Engineering 161 (2016 )
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Engineering 161 (216 ) 1845 1851 World Multidisciplinary Civil Engineering-Architecture-Urban Planning Symposium 216, WMCAUS 216 Experimental
More informationPost-mortem study on structural failure of a wind farm impacted by super typhoon Usagi
Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Nov 26, 2018 Post-mortem study on structural failure of a wind farm impacted by super typhoon Usagi Chen, Xiao; Li, Chuan Feng; Xu, Jian Zhong Publication date: 2015 Document
More informationPROJECT CYCLOPS: THE WAY FORWARD IN POWER CURVE MEASUREMENTS?
Title Authors: Organisation PROJECT CYCLOPS: THE WAY FORWARD IN POWER CURVE MEASUREMENTS? Simon Feeney(1), Alan Derrick(1), Alastair Oram(1), Iain Campbell(1), Gail Hutton(1), Greg Powles(1), Chris Slinger(2),
More informationLely Aircon LA30 Wind turbine
Lely Aircon LA30 Wind turbine Summary Details for Performance, Duration and Acoustic Measurements Lely Aircon 30 Wind Turbine UK MCS Certification Summary List of contents 1. List of included Amendments...
More informationWake modelling for offshore wind turbine parks. Jens N. Sørensen Department of Wind Energy Technical University of Denmark
Wake modelling for offshore wind turbine parks Jens N. Sørensen Department of Wind Energy Technical University of Denmark Wake and Wind Farm Aerodynamics Basic questions and issues: How important is the
More information