QA 101: Fundamentals of Quranic Arabic

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1 QA 101: Fundamentals of Quranic Arabic Introductory Concepts of Ism and Harf (Compiled from the sources cited in References) Quran-al Fajr Study group 1

2 ب س م الل ه الر ح م ن الر ح يم ف ت ع ال ى الل ه ال م ل ك ال ح ق و ل ت ع ج ل ب ال ق ر آن م ن ق بل أ ن [20:114] ي ق ض ى إ ل ي ك و ح ي ه و ق ل ر ب ز د ن ي ع ل م ا الله م عل منا م ا ي ن ف ع نا و ان ف ع نا ب ما ع ل مت ن ا وز د ن ا ع لما (O Allah teach us that which shall bring us benefit and let us benefit from what you have taught us and increase to our Knowledge) 2

3 Dignity of Learning and Teaching Quran خيركم من تعلم القرآن وعلمه The best of you are those who learn the Qur'an and teach it [Bukhari] 3

4 Right Intention و ل ق د ي س ر ن ا ال ق ر آن ل لذ ك ر ف ه ل م ن م دك ر [Qamar:40] And we have certainly made this Qur an easy for remembrance: so, is there any one who will remember? People who want to remember Allah(SWT), He will make it easy for them to learn Quran. So our goal will be to remember Allah when we read Quran. Let s make that as part of our Niyah. The second part of this ayat says that we have to make some effort to learn this.

5 Why, What. Why do some words sometime end with Fatha, other time Damma, and yet other time Kasra? How do I know who is subject and who is object? How to recognize fragments (phrases)? How come in Arabic, verbs also change according to Gender? Ism vs Fi l? Which form is used when? إ ن ا أ نز ل ن اه ف ي ل ي ل ة ال ق د ر ١ و م ا أ د ر اك م ا ل ي ل ة ال ق د ر ٢ خ ل ق ا ل نس ان ال ح م د ل ل ه ر ب ال ع ال م ي ن ت ب ت ي د ا أ ب ي ل ه ب وت ب و ال ذ ين ه م ل ف ر وج ه م ح اف ظ و ن و ال ذ ين ه م ع ل ى ص ل و ات ه م ي ح اف ظ و ن 5

6 Why, what. What phrases/ constructs are used for emphasis? How do I know whether one or two, or more being considered? How to recognize commands? How to tell whether the sentence is something about the past or present or future? ذ ل ك ال ك ت اب ف ب أ ي ل ر ي ب ف ص ل ل ر ب ك وان ح ر و ر أ ي ت الن ا ف يه آل ء ر ب ك م ا ت ك ذب ا ن ه د ى ل ل م ت ق ين ي د خ ل ون ف ي د ين الل ه أ ف و اج ا 6

7 What a subtle difference, Sura Ala و اب ت غ ف يم ا آت اك للا الد ا ر ا ل خ ر ة و ل ت ن ن ص يب ك م ن الدن ي ا و أ ح س ن ك م ا أ ح س ن للا إ ل ي ك و ل ت ب غ ال ف س اد ف ي ا ل ر ض إ ن للا ل ي ح ب [ 28:77 ]ال م ف س د ين س ن ق ر ئ ك ف ل ت نس ى ٦ 7

8 Arabic Words Arabic words: Ism, F il, Harf Ism اسم typically covers noun, Pronoun, adjective, adverb, and more Properties of Ism (Status, Number, Gender, Type) Fragments (Phrases) based on Ism Pronouns (Attached and detached pronouns) F il -فعل similar to verb, but not exactly the same Harf ح ر ف doesn t have any meaning, unless there is another word after it Harf al Jarr Harf al Nasb 8

9 Properties of Ism Covers Noun, (Pronoun), Adjective, Adverb Status (Iraab): Whether Ism is Raf, Nasb, or Jarr. Number: Whether Ism is singular, dual, plural, or broken plural Gender: Whether masculine, feminine or fake feminine Type: Whether common or proper 9

10 Ism vs Verb (Permanent vs Temporary) و إ ذ ا ل ق وا ال ذ ين آم ن وا ق ال وا آم ن ا و إ ذ ا خل و ا إ ل ى ش ي اط ين ه م ق ال وا إ ن ا [2:14] م ع ك م إ ن م ا ن ح ن م س ت ه ز ئ و ن So it says, when the Munafikoons meet the believers, they say they believed, (in verbal form which implies temporariness). But when they secretly meet their Shayatins, they say we are only mocking or we are only mockers (in noun form), which implies permanence, exposing their true situation 10

11 ال ح م د ل ل ه Gem-1-the timeless independent praise of Allah the-timeless-praise-of-allah Fil has past, present, and future tense, but Ism is timeless. Fil needs some one to do it. But Ism doesn t need anyone to do it. Alhamdulillah is in ism form. The meaning is that the praise of Allah always exists (timeless) and it doesn t need anybody for His praise. He is Praised anyway. Amazing 11

12 س ب ح The word Root word ب ح means to swim, to float, to keep high The past tense as form II is used in the beginning of a few Surahs. Sura Hadeed, Hashr, Saff, Sura Hadeed :1 س ب ح ل ل م ا ف ي الس م او ات و ا ل ر ض و ه و ال ع ز يز ال ح ك ي م Present tense of Form II is used in the first ayat of Sura ي س ب ح ل ل م ا ف ي الس م او ات و م ا ف ي ا ل ر ض ال م ل ك Jumuah, Tagabun ال ق دو س ب ح اس م ر ب ك ا ل عل ى Command form is used in Sura Ala س ب ح ا ن ال ذ ي أ س ر ى ب ع ب د ه As a Noun in the begining of Sura Isra ل ي ل م ن ال م س ج د ال ح ر ام إ ل ى ال م س ج د ا ل ق ص ى 12

13 Roots of a word [17:24] ر ب ار ح م ه م ا ك م ا ر ب ي ان ي صغ ير ا The root of the first word is ر ب ب meaning Lord The root of the second one is ب و Thatر means to increase, nourish, nurture 13

14 Ism Status Raf رفع (Doer, subject). Ask the verb with who and the answer is the Raf Nasb نصب (Details of the act, Object). Ask the verb with details (like what, where, when, how..) Jarr جر (After an Of) 14

15 Why care about Raf, Nasb, and Jarr? [1] A man taught a boy A man taught a boy A boy taught a man A boy taught a man In Arabic, it is not the sequence, but the ending sound or ending combination of Isms determine who is doer 15

16 Plural MUTTAQI,

17 Recognizing Status from the ending sound & Combination [1] Plural Dual Singular Raf Nasb Jarr Ending combination are 17

18 Identify the Status of the following words 1. Jarr, Singular, Masculine 2. Raf, Plural, Feminine 3. Raf, Dual, Feminine 4. Nasb/Jarr, Plural, Feminine 5. Nasb/Jarr, Plural, Masculine 6. Nasb/Jarr, Dual, Feminine 7. Raf, Singular, Feminine 8. Raf, Dual, Masculine 9. Nasb/Jarr, Plural, Feminine 10. Jarr, Singular, Masculine 18

19 Importance of Rafa, Nasb, Jarr Gem dawood-ibrahim-and-the-scholars و ق ت ل د او ود ج ال وت [2:251] What if you change the Raf and Nasb sign of Daud and Jalut? و إ ذ اب ت ل ى إ ب ر اه يم [2:124] ر ب ه Order doesn t matter in the subject/object determination. What matters is the ending sound. Ibrahim didn t test Allah, Allah tested Ibrahim. Who is the doer of the testing? إ ن م ا ي خ ش ى الل ه م ن ع ب اد ه [35:28] ا لع ل م ا ء Who fears Allah? What ends with Rafa sign? Where is the doer of Yakhsha? 19

20 Identify the Raf, Nasb ف ي ق ل وب ه م م ر ض ف ز اد ه م الل ه م ر ض ا و ل ه م [2:10] ع ذ اب أ ل يم ب م ا ك ان وا ي ك ذ ب ون ل ق د خ ل ق ن ا ا ل نس ان ف ي أ ح س ن ت ق و يم [95:4] إ ن م ا ي خ ش ى الل ه خ ل ق ا ل نس ان م ن ع ل ق [96:2] و إ ذ اب ت ل ى إ ب ر اه يم ر ب ه [2:124] [35:28] م ن ع ب اد ه ال ع ل م اء 20

21 Identify the difference of the use of Life of Dunya و م ا ال ح ي اة الدن ي ا إ ل ل ع ب [ و ل ه و و ل لد ار ا ل خ ر ة خ ي ر ل ل ذ ين ي ت ق و ن أ ف ل ت ع ق ل و ن ب ل ت ؤ ث ر ون [ ال ح ي اة الدن ي ا ال م ال و ال ب ن ون ز ين ة ال ح ي اة [ الدن ي ا و ال ب اق ي ات الص ال ح ات خ ي ر ع ند ر ب ك ث و اب ا و خ ي ر أ م ل 21

22 Ism-Light or heavy? Normally a word is heavy (meaning they have a ن sound at the end, either for ending sound or ending combination, like the Muslimoon Table), except the following A partly flexible Ism (i.e., name of place or non-arab) A Mudaf Addressing someone Categorical Denial (Further Light, Lightest) Note that the status doesn t change with the Light or Heavy A word that starts with Al, the heavy/light doesn t matter 22

23 Light Version of the Muslimoon Tables 23

24 Flexibility-Partly Flexible Partly Flexibile: They are Light and can never have Kasrah a) Name of Places b) Non-Arab names There are only 4 prophets names in Quran, who are Arab names. They are fully flexible Non-Flexible. Words that never change (same in Raf, Nasb, Jarr) Remember the Darud we read in Salah Allahumma salli ala. 24

25 Provide Status and Flexibility of the following; See first if it is partly flexible 1. Raf, fully flexible 2. R/N/J Non-flexible 3. Raf, Partly Flexible 4. Jarr, Fully flexible 5. N/J, Partly flexible 6. Wrong; trick question 7. N/J, Fully Flexible. Its not light 8. Raf, Partly flexible 9. Raf, Fully Flexible 10. Raf, Fully Flexible. It is heavy 25

26 Number Memorize Muslimoon Table Six kinds of plural Masculine plural is inclusive. مسل م و ن includes both men and women. Human Feminine Plural. Muslimatoon table Non-Human Feminine Plural. Treated as feminine singular Human Broken Plural. Broken Plurals don t follow sound plural ك تاب is plural of ك ت ب format Non-Human Broken Plural قوم نا Ism Jamaa (Look singular, but they are plural). Example قرن Non-human broken plural must be treated as Singular ل ه م Feminine. It s a May be for human broken plural ق ل وب ل ي ف ق ه ون ب ه ا و ل ه م أ ع ي ن ل ي ب ص ر ون ب ه ا ت ل ك الرس ل ف ض ل ن ا ب ع ض ه م ع ل ى ب ع ض 26

Jarr, Non-human Broken plural 5. Raf, Singular 6. Nasb/Jarr, Dual 7.

27 Provide status and number of the following 1. Nasb/Jarr, Masculine Plural 2. Raf, Masculine Plural 3. Nasb/Jarr, Human faminine Plural 4. Jarr, Non-human Broken plural 5. Raf, Singular 6. Nasb/Jarr, Dual 7. Raf, Human broken plural 8. Jarr, non-human Broken plural 9. Raf, Human feminine plural 10. Nasb/Jarr, feminine plural 27

28 More practice on Numbers, Indicate s,d, or p and which category of plural 1. Human Broken plural 2. Plural, Ism Jamaa 3. non-human Broken plural 4. Singular 5. non-human Broken Plural 6. Dual 7. Human Broken plural 8. Non-human Feminine Plural 9. Ism Jamaa 10. Masculine Plural 28

29 Gem 3: ف أ ت ي ا ف ر ع و ن ف ق ول إ ن ا ر س و ل ر ب ال ع ال م ي ن [26:16] Musa (As) took Haroon (As) with him to Firaun s palace. Security guard only tried to allow Musa not Haroon. Musa (AS) has to make the case by using singular version of Rasul. We are the Messenger!!. 29 Inseparability by using singular

30 Person 1 st, 2 nd, and 3 rd person 1 st person is used to show closeness - 3 rd person referring [96:2] خ ل ق ا ل نس ان م ن ع ل ق [95:4] 1 st person ل ق د خ ل ق ن ا ا ل نس ان ف ي أ ح س ن ت ق و يم used in presenting the best form of Human 30

31 Gender [1, 3] Every اسم is either Masculine and Feminine (and Fake Feminine); No Common/Neutral Gender Things are masculine, unless they specifically follow a Feminine sign. Real feminine mother, sister, daughter, cow etc. A common sign of Feminine is a at the end. Similarly atoon ateen. Fake Feminine not biologically feminine Words ending with ة or ى (alif maksura) or.آء Not always though Broken plurals Body parts in pair Special words (Arab said so) 31

32 Arab-said-so Feminine نف (Sun), شم (Sky), سماء (war), حرب (soul), دلو (Bucket), بءر (Well), سبىل (Way), كء (House), دار (Wind), ريح (earth), ارض عصئ (hell), جهننم (Fire), نار (wine), خمر (cup), (Stick) 32

33 Gender Drill 1. Arab-said-so Feminine 2. Fake feminine, broken plural 3. Fake Feminine, feminine Plural 4. Real Feminine 5. Fake Feminine (ending with ) 6. Feminine, Broken Plural 7. Masculine 8. Masculine 9. Fake Feminine 10.Feminine, body-parts-in-pair 33

34 Status, Number, Gender Drill Bayyinah Status, Gender, Number Drill 34

35 Gem 4 Maryam AS : A role model for women and men و ك ان ت م ن ال ق ان ت ي ن [66:12] Talking about Maryam (AS) Allah (SWT) uses a masculine plural ق ان ت ين (which by default covers both men and women in Arabic) and thus she is a role model for both men and women. قانيتات is not used 35

36 Type Common- by default Proper. 7 characteristics of proper Proper names ال Words with Pronouns Pointers- this, that, these Ism Mowsool يا The one being called with If the Mudaf Ilaihi is proper, then Mudaf is proper 36

37 Ism: Comprehensive Review Drill 37

38 Ism-based Fragments [1,3] م ضاف إل ي ه & م ضاف Mudaf-Mudaf Ilaihi ص ف ة & م وص و ف Sifat and Mowsuf ح ر ف ال ج ر Harf Jarr ح ر ف الن ص ب Harf Nasb اسم ا لشارة Pointing Noun ال م ال و ال ب ن ون ز ين ة ال ح ي اة الدن ي ا و ال ب اق ي ات الص ال ح ات خ ي ر ع ند ر ب ك ث و اب ا و خ ي ر أ م ل 18:46 38

39 Sentence vs Fragment (Sifat Mausuf) [2] 39

40 م ضاف إل ي ه Mudaf-Mudaf Ilaihi م ضاف The first Ism of Idafa (before of )is called Mudaf and the second Ism (after of ) is called (م ضاف) (مضاف إليه) Mudaf Ilaihi Mudaf must be light and without Alif-Lam [31:7] ك أ ن ف ي أ ذ ن ي ه و ق ر ا Mudaf Ilaihi must be Jarr (ending with Kasra for example) Examples: of in translation. Pronoun attached to an Ism. And that pronoun doesn t have to end with Jarr Special Mudaf (does not necessarily make of meaning & 40

41 Example 18:82 the-treasure-of-two-orphans و أ م ا ال ج د ار ف ك ان ل غ ل م ي ن ي ت يم ي ن ف ي ال م د ين ة و ك ان ت ح ت ه ك ن ز ل ه م ا و ك ان أ ب وه م ا ص ال ح ا ف أ ر اد ر ب ك أ ن ي ب ل غ ا أ ش د ه م ا و ي ست خ ر ج ا ك نز ه م ا ر ح م ة م ن ر ب ك و م ا ف ع ل ت ه ع ن أ م ر ي ذ ل ك ت أ و ي ل م ا ل م ت س ط ع ع ل ي ه ص ب ر ا 41

42 Idaf Examples [1,2] 42

43 Special Mudaf 43

44 ص ف ة Sifat and Mowsuf & م وص و ف Mowsuf (the word being described) must be the first and only one The Sifat (Adjective) comes after Mowsuf and may be more than one. Sifat and Mowsuf correspond to each other in terms of Gender, Number, Type, and Status (Iraab) 44

45 ح ر ف ال ج ر Preposition [2]- Harf Jarr A Harf that forces the Ism after that to Jarr form 45

46 ح ر ف الن ص ب Harf Nasb A Harf that forces the Ism after that to Nasb form [1] إ ن ا ل نس ان ل ف ي خ س ر ي ح س ب أ ن م ال ه أ خ ل د ه إ ن ا لل ح ي ب ال ذ ين ي ح ق ات لحون ف س ب يل ه ص ف ا ك أ ن حم ب ح ني ان م ر ح صوص ي ا ل ي ت ن ي ات خ ذ ت م ع الر س ول س ب ي ل 33] و م ا ي د ر يك ل ع ل الس اع ة ت ك ون ق ر يب ا 46 إ ن الس اع ة ل ت ي ة ل ر ي ب ف يه ا و ل ك ن أ ك ث ر الن اس ل ي ح ؤ م نحون

47 اسم ا لشارة Ismul Ishara If any of the Ismul Ishara words is followed by that doesn t have ال then the combination is a sentence. Otherwise the second word is a mushara Alaihi If the word after the pointing word is a pronoun, then it will be a sentence with the instead of a. و إ ذ ق ال إ ب ر اه يم ر ب اج ع ل ه ذ ا ب ل د ا آم ن ا [2:126] [14:35] و إ ذ ق ال إ ب ر اه يم ر ب اج ع ل ه ذ ا ال ب ل د آم ن ا هذا هذه ذلك تلك أو لءك هؤ لء 47

48 Pointing words [2] Singular and Plural Pointing words are non-flexible, while dual pointing words are flexible 48

49 MUTTAQI,

50 Pointing fragment If the word right after the pointing word has an,ال it will be a fragment; otherwise it will be a sentence 50

51 Gem 10: In the name of Allah ب س م للا ال رح ي م الر ح م ن Bismillahir rahmanir Raheem is not a full sentence; it is a complex fragment is a recursive Idafa construct ب س م للا للا الر ح م ن الر ح ي م construct is a mawsuf, sifat, sifat The notion is when we say this before any act, it comes a full sentence 51

52 Fragments or Sentence Drill 52

53 Pronouns [2] A Pronoun is a kind of proper Ism. Independent pronouns (All Personal Pronouns) are Raf; Attached pronouns (Possessive Pronouns) are Nasb or Jarr. When attached pronouns are attached to Ism, they make Idafa 53

54 Example Change the following Dua (of the guest for the host) to other pronouns ب ار ك ل ه م الل ه م ف يم ا ر ز ق ت ه م و ا ف ر ل ه م - و ار ح مه م 54

55 Interrogatives [2] 55

56 Sentence vs Fragments Main difference is sentence has is, which fragments don t have But in Arabic is is hidden. There are 5 ways to find that invisible is. الل ه أ ح د Proper word followed by common ه و الر ح م ن الر ح يم Presence of an original pronoun و إ ن ه ا ل ك ب ير ة إ ل ع ل ى ال خ اش ع ي ن After Harf Nasb and its victim ه ذ ا.ال Ismu Ishara followed by anything other than ب ي ان ل لن ا و ه د ى و م و ع ظ ة ل ل م ت ق ين 56 ال ح م د ل ل ه ر ب ال ع ال م ين Break in the chain

57 Sentence vs Fragments Drills Indicate the location of invisible is 57

58 Compile a FAQ section 58

59 Sample Ayat و م ا ك ان ل ن ف أ ن ت م وت إ ل ب إ ذ ن الل ه ك ت اب ا مؤ ج ل و م ن ي ر د ث و اب الدن ي ا ن ؤ ت ه م ن ه ا و م ن ي ر د ث و اب ا ل خ ر ة ن ؤ ت ه [3:145] م ن ه ا و س ن ج ز ي الش اك ر ين The above has example of Ism: Ism Status (Raf, Nasb, Jarr); Number-Singular, Plural; Gender- Masculine, Feminine; Type- Proper, Common Fragments: Idafah, mausuf-sifat, Harf Jarr, Fi l: Past, Present, Future Tense, Lightest 59

60 What a balance between Dunya and Akhirah!! و اب ت غ ف يم ا آت اك الل ه الد ار ا ل خ ر ة و ل ت ن ن ص يب ك م ن الدن ي ا وأ ح س ن ك م ا أ ح س ن الل ه إ ل ي ك و ل ت ب غ ال ف س اد ف ي [28:77] ا ل ر ض إ ن الل ه ل ي ح ب ال م ف س دي ن But seek, through that which Allah has given you, the home of the Hereafter; and [yet], do not forget your share of the world. And do good as Allah has done good to you. And desire not corruption in the land. Indeed, Allah does not like corrupters." Example of Command and Prohibition 60

61 Difference between Simple Negation and Prohibition [part of 28:77] و ل ت ن ن ص يب ك م ن الدن ي ا forget not your portion (of legal enjoyment) in this world [87:6] We shall make you to recite (the Quran), so you (O Muhammad (Peace be upon him)) shall not forget (it), س ن ق ر ئ ك ف ل ت نس ى 61

62 28:77 و اب ت غ ف يم ا آت اك الل ه الد ار ا ل خ ر ة و ل ت ن ن ص يب ك م ن الدن ي ا و أ ح س ن ك م ا أ ح س ن الل ه إ ل ي ك و ل ت ب غ ال ف س اد ف ي ا ل ر ض إ ن الل ه ل ي ح ب ال م ف س دي ن But seek, with that (wealth) which Allah has bestowed on you, the home of the Hereafter, and forget not your portion of legal enjoyment in this world, and do good as Allah has been good to you, and seek not mischief in the land. Verily, Allah likes not the Mufsidun (those who commit great crimes and sins, oppressors, tyrants, mischief-makers, corrupts). 62

63 Verb vs Noun ق ل إ ن ال م و ت ال ذ ي ت ف رو ن م ن ه ف إ ن ه م ل ق يك م ث م ت ر دو ن إ ل ى [62:8] ع ال م ال غ ي ب و الش ه اد ة ف ي ن ب ئ ك م ب م ا ك نت م ت ع م ل و ن Peoples fleeing away from the death is a verb temporary, not permnanent; But death s hugging with everyone is a fact of life a permanent feature that s why Noun is used 63

64 Anatomy of Sura Fatiha 64

65 Iman ( The root word of Iman is أ م ن meaning to feel secure. Most of the usage in Quran of this word is in the iv form of verb,ء ام ن which means to believe. This is amazing. So using the linguistic feature of iv form of verb, we can therefore say to believe is to cause someone to feel secure. This cause can happen in two ways when one believes on ones own accord, he feels secure. When Allah (SWT) causes someone to feel secure (Sura Quraish) 65

66 ب ار ك للا ل ك و ب ار ك ع ل ي ك و جم ع ب ي ن ك م ا ف ي الخ ي ر Congratulating the groom: Sayyidina Abu Hurayrah (RA) reported that when a man married, Rasul-ullah (Sallaho Alaihe Wassallam) would say to him, May Allah bless you and bless it for you and may He join you with goodness! [Tirmidhi] 66

67 Sura Munafiqoon: Last three verses ي ا أ يه ا ال ذ ين آم ن وا ل ت ل ه ك م أ م و ال ك م و ل أ و ل د ك م ع ن ذ ك ر الل ه و م ن ي ف ع ل ذ ل ك ف أ ول ئ ك ه م ال خ اس ر ون ٩ و أ نف ق وا م ن م ا ر ز ق ن اك م م ن ق ب ل أ ن ي أ ت ي أ ح د ك م ال م و ت ف ي ق ول ر ب ل و ل أ خ ر ت ن ي إ ل ى أ ج ل ق ر يب ف أ ص د ق و أ ك ن م ن الص ال ح ين ١٠ و ل ن ي ؤ خ ر الل ه ن ف س ا إ ذ ا ج اء أ ج ل ه ا و الل ه خ ب ير ب م ا ت ع م ل ون ١١ 67

68 Other commonly-read ayats by Sura Isra 13:17 Imams 68

69 The different ways Allah swt has خ ل ق used the word We created I created He (Your Rabb) created They were created 69

70 WE/I Created. Used when Allah takes great pride in the dignity of human being و ل ق د خ ل ق ن اك م ث م ص و ر ن اك م ث م ق ل ن ا ل ل م ل ئ ك ة اس ج د وا [7:11] ل د م ف س ج د وا إ ل إ ب ل ي ل م ي ك ن م ن الس اج د ي ن و م م ن خ ل ق ن ا أ م ة ي ه د ون ب ال ح ق و ب ه ي ع د ل و ن [7:181] ق ال ك ذ ل ك ق ال ر ب ك ه و ع ل ي ه ي ن و ق د خ ل ق ت ك من [19:9] ق ب ل و ل م ت ك ش ي ئ ا ل ق د خ ل ق ن ا ا ل نس ان ف ي أ ح س ن ت ق و يم [95:4] 70

71 He Created (In a general creation sense) ي ا أ يه ا الن ا اع ب د وا ر ب ك م ال ذ ي خ ل ق ك م و ال ذ ين من [2:21] ق ب ل ك م ل ع ل ك م ت ت ق ون ق ال ك ذ ل ك للا ي خ ل ق م ا ي ش اء [3:47] 71

72 Passive form is used when Allah wants to disassociate Himself, because of mankinds faults ي ر يد الل ه أ ن ي خ ف ف ع نك م وخ ل ق ا ل نس ان ض ع يف ا [4:28] ف ل ي نظ ر ا ل نس ان م م خ ل ق ٥ خ ل ق م ن م اء د اف ق [86:5] Reminding forgetful mankind of his humble origin 72

73 Assignments Find all the ayats of commandments by Allah (SWT) from Juz Amma; Do a classification of those Find all the commandments and or Questions of Makki and Madani Surahs. What are some of the differences? Allah swt is asking a question. Who are those questions directed to and what are those questions about? 73

74 Future Goal Compile the notes into a book The focus of the book could be: Example-based understanding. Examples drawn from mostlymemorized surahs Compare and contrast of use of different styles in Quran Zikr-and-Fikr. Research for example identifying all the questions or exclamations and then do a taxonomy based on other aspects of grammar Explanation of some ayats based on scientific evidence and draw a parallel with the linguistic features (already has some ayats Muminoon 1-11, Hashr etc.) Compile all the ayats related to oath and do a taxonomy of the subjects of paths Multimedia-enhanced understanding Statistics on Surahs 74

75 References 1. Notes from Al Bayyinah Class and other classes 2. Qur anic Grammar df 3. Quranic Language Made Easy, Hafiza Iffath Hasan, IQRA Foundation 4. Arabic Keyboard Stunning Dazzling Miracles of the Holy Quran 75

QUR ANIC ARABIC - LEVEL 1. Unit ٢١ - Present Tense II

QUR ANIC ARABIC - LEVEL 1. Unit ٢١ - Present Tense II QUR ANIC ARABIC - LEVEL 1 Unit ٢١ - Present Tense II 1 Today s lesson Revision Continue with Present Tense ال م ض ار ع Sample Questions 2 Analyse Explain me! أ ي ي وم ه ذ ا ه ذ ا ك ت اب م ح م د Tougher