Earth s tilt at an angle of 23.5 degrees to the plane of its orbit around the Sun.
|
|
- Basil Hill
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Science
2 Weather dynamics is the study of how the motion of water and air causes weather patterns. Energy from the Sun drives the motion of clouds, air, and water. Earth s tilt at an angle of 23.5 degrees to the plane of its orbit around the Sun. Major components of Earth that influence weather are: atmosphere, land forms, and water. ( all states) About 70% of Earth s surface is covered by oceans. 2
3 The atmosphere contains air, water vapour, and particles of dust and chemicals, all of which affect weather, especially when the atmosphere is in motion. 3
4 Weather is the set of environmental conditions encountered from day to day. Climate is the set of environmental conditions averaged over many years. 4
5 Longitude is the angle measured North or South from the 0 degree line which passes through Greenwich, England. Latitude is the angle measured East or West of the equator. 5
6 The Tropic of Cancer is at 23.5 degrees north latitude. It is the most northerly location reached by the Sun s vertical rays on the first day of summer, June 21, each year. The Arctic Circle is at 66.5 degrees north latitude. It is the most northerly location reached by any of the Sun s rays on the first day of winter, December 21. In the southern hemisphere we have the Tropic of Capricorn and the Antarctic Circle. The region between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn is referred to as the tropics. Most of Canada s population lives in the mid-latitude region. Polar regions would be any land that fall in between the earths 2 poles and the tropic of Cancer and Capricorn. 6
7 7
8 8
9 Most of the energy used on Earth to sustain life and cause changing weather systems comes from the Sun. The average surface temperature is 15 degrees C. Different types of EM energy are emitted from the Sun. Energy can be transferred from one place to another by 4 methods: 1) Radiation 2) Conduction 3) Convection 4) Advection 9
10 Radiation -transfer of energy by means of waves or particles. Radiation does not need a medium. The waves can travel from the Sun, through space, and reach Earth. Visible light is energy that can travel through space. Other examples are: 1) Radio waves 2) Microwaves 3) X-rays 4) Gamma rays 5) Infrared rays These travel at 300,000 km/s in a vacuum. 10
11 The set of waves that can travel through empty space at the speed of light is called the electromagnetic spectrum. 11
12 The other methods of energy transfer require particles of matter. Conduction -the transfer of energy through the collision of particles. Occurs most easily in metals, but also to a smaller extent in rock, sand soil and water. 12
13 Convection and advection are the transfer of energy by the movement of particles in a fluid. A fluid is either a liquid (water) or a gas(atmosphere). Convection transfers energy vertically. Advection transfers energy horizontally. Weather systems involve convection and advection. 13
14 EM waves from the Sun reach Earth, some is reflected off the atmosphere and clouds back into space; some pass through the atmosphere and bounce off Earth s surface; some get absorbed by the atmosphere, the ground, or the water at the surface. 14
15 The portion of energy reflected depends on the albedo of the material. Clean snow has a high albedo, it reflects a lot of incoming energy. Black soil has a low albedo, it absorbs more energy than it reflects. Any object or material that absorbs energy and becomes warmer is called a heat sink. Water has a higher albedo than land and soil, the oceans are good heat sinks. When solar energy hits water, the water begins to move(convection), and transfer energy deep into the oceans. Soil and rock are poor heat sinks. Heat is conducted slowly into these materials. 15
16 An important property of all substances is their heat capacity, the measure of how much heat a substance requires to increase its temperature or how much heat it releases as its temperature decreases. Water has a high heat capacity. This means it can hold a lot of heat. 16
17 Conduction Energy Transfer Convection Demos Radiation Transfer of heat Cold air advection Transfer of Energy Song Energy Transfer Worksheet 17
18
19 All of Earth s water, both fresh and salt, forms what is called the hydrosphere. About 70% of Earth s surface is covered by water. Freshwater makes up 2.5% of the total water on Earth. Most of this occurs as polar ice. 19
20 20
21 21
22 Water vapour is essential to the water cycle and weather patterns. Water vapour is responsible for clouds, fog, rain and snow. 22
23 23
24 24
25 Precipitation Worksheet 25
26
27 The thin layer of gases that surround the earth is the atmosphere. The atmosphere is where all the weather happens. The atmosphere acts like a blanket which controls the temperature of the earth. 27
28 The earth's atmosphere is made up of dust and a mixture of invisible gases. Some of these gases include: Nitrogen (N 2 ) 78% Oxygen (O 2 ) 21% Other gases: 1% combined [water vapour, argon, carbon dioxide, neon, helium, krypton, hydrogen, ozone...] 28
29 Nitrogen and ozone act as a protection shield that blocks out harmful radiation from space( UV ). Oxygen is essential for life. Plants produce oxygen and we breathe it in. Carbon dioxide is essential for life too. We breathe out carbon dioxide and plants breathe it in. 29
30 The atmosphere can be divided up into distinctive layers. Exosphere Thermosphere Mesosphere Stratosphere Tropopause Troposphere 30
31 31
32 32
33 33
34 34
35 35
36 36
37 37
38 Worksheet # 8 - Layers of the Atmosphere Layer and Gas in the Atmosphere - Worksheet 38
39 39
40 40
41 41
42 42
43 43
44 44
45 The word aneroid means without liquid. 45
46 High air pressure in a region indicates fair weather while low pressure indicates that storms are more likely. 46
47 47
48 A Psychrometer measures relative humidity Two thermometers One dry, one kept wet Spun in the air, temp drops The difference between the two is used to find relative humidity
49 49
50 Weather satellite Weather Balloons Computers 50
51 51
52 Atmospheric pressure is the pressure the air exerts as gravity pulls it toward the center of Earth. It is greatest at sea level, where the molecules are closet together. At higher altitudes atmospheric pressure decreases. Atmospheric pressure at a particular altitude depends on whether the air is rising or falling. There are two variations to consider : vertical and horizontal. Pressure gradient is a measure of the amount the atmospheric pressure changes across a set distance. Pressure gradients can be vertical or horizontal. 52
53 What happens to the pressure of air when air speed is increased? Bernoulli's principle: Bernoulli s principle helps explain that an aircraft can achieve lift because of the shape of its wings. They are shaped so that that air flows faster over the top of the wing and slower underneath. Fast moving air equals low air pressure while slow moving air equals high air pressure. The high air pressure underneath the wings will therefore push the aircraft up through the lower air pressure. 53
54 Worksheet # 7 Atmospheric Pressure 54
55
56 56
57 As air rises it begins to cool and expand. Cooled air can no longer hold all its moisture. The water vapour begins to condense on dust particles as very tiny water droplets. Depending on the temperature clouds may be made up of tiny water droplets and or tiny ice crystals. 57
58 For Newfoundland it may bring cooler wetter conditions - lots of snow! 58
59 1. Convective: formed when a land mass is heated and the warmed air begins to rise, expand, cool and water condenses. We see these types of clouds where thermals and sea breezes are formed. 59
60 60
61 2. Frontal: form at the frontal zone where two large air masses meet. The warmer air mass is forced to rise up over the cooler air mass. It expands and cools resulting in the formation of condensation. 61
62 62
63 63
64 64
65 3. Orographic: formed because of geography when air is forced to rise up a large hill or mountain. As the wind blows into the side of the mountain it rises up. As the air rises it expands and cools causing water vapour to condense as clouds. 65
66 66
67 67
68 68
69 Cloud shapes tell us about atmospheric conditions. Two general shapes of clouds: 1. Cumulus Clouds 2. Stratus Clouds 69
70 Heaped" or "lumpy" clouds result when strong vertical (upward) motions exist in the atmosphere. This shows us that the air mass is being forced to rise very rapidly. A clue that the atmosphere is unstable and are usually associated with stormy or severe weather. 70
71 71
72 Wide spread out, smooth, layered clouds. These clouds gives a clue that the air motion is horizontal (across) rather than vertical (up and down). The forming clouds are rising slowly which is a sign of a stable atmosphere. 72
73 73
74 they are named by altitude in the atmosphere. 74
75 altocumulus stratocumulus 75
76 cumulonimbus 76
77 77
78 Clouds have a duel role: 1) Quite simply clouds act as a blanket. Cloudy nights: traps heat keeping the air warm. Clear night sky: heat escapes and air cools quickly. 2) Keep the earth cool during the day. The formation of white cloud cover reflects the sun's energy away. 78
79 Gravity pulls down on all matter. Gases are matter and gravity pulls down on them. This is why the troposphere (layer closest to the earth) has 99% of all the gases in the atmosphere. 79
80 A cloud that forms near the ground Can form on cool, cloudless nights When warm air passes over snow-covered ground When moist sea air drifts over a cold current When moist air rises up a mountain side Forms when warm moist air moves over a colder surface (land or water) releasing its moisture as very fine water droplets. 80
81 81
82 82
83 The atmosphere is made up of areas of different densities. 83
84 84
85 85
86 86
87 87
88 88
89 89
90 Assignment: Cloud Formation 90
91 Precipitation and Humidity
92 Humidity: a measure of the amount of water vapor in the air Warm air can hold more moisture then cold air Relative Humidity: The measure of the amount of water vapor compared to the Maximum amount possible
93 Saturated Air Relative humidity is 100% Over 100% results in condensation Dew Point Temp at which dew forms As air gets colder, it holds less moisture Releases excess as dew
94 Figure 1, pg. 214 Maximum Amounts
95 Relative Humidity concentration maximum concentration x100% Ex 1: What is the relative humidity if 1.9 g/kg of water in air is present at 0 o C? Ex 2: What is the conc of H 2 O in the air at 20 o C if the relative humidity is 50%?
96 Dry Bulb Wet Bulb Relative Humidity
97 Higher humidity causes perspiration to evaporate slowly. Sweating doesn t cool us as well Low humidity Air is dryer Skin may be uncomfortable Humidex: Reports how hot the humidity makes us feel
98 Hail: created in cumulonimbus clouds Frozen raindrops are circulated up and down Layers of ice are formed Dew: Water vapour condenses near the ground as the air cools Cold Days : Frost
99 Water in the Air Worksheet #4 99
100 10 0
101 Sailors discovered that in certain areas the winds tend to blow in the same directions most of the time. Close to the equator the winds would blow to the west (from the east). Further North they found that the winds would blow most often to the east (from the west). This regular pattern of winds is known as prevailing winds. 10 1
102 Wind is a movement of air in the atmosphere from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure. 10 2
103 Winds that affect large areas in regular patterns. Blowing to the east they called the Northeast trade winds. The winds blowing from the west (taking them back home) were called the mid-latitude Westerlies (prevailing Westerlies). 10 3
104 10 4
105 Spin The earth rotates east to west. As the earth spins it deflects the wind. Winds blowing north get deflected to the right. Winds blowing south get deflected to the left. The deflection of the wind caused by the earth's rotation is called the Coriolis effect. 10 5
106 Earth s rotation causes anything that moves, to appear to change direction. This apparent change of direction of a moving object in a rotating system is called the Coriolis effect. Viewed above the North pole, Earth rotates eastward or counter clockwise. Objects in the Northern hemisphere appear to move to the right. In the Southern hemisphere moving objects appear to move to the left. 10 6
107 10 7
108 10 8
109 10 9
110 Early explorers like Columbus used trade winds to cross the Atlantic Ocean. 11 0
111 Prevailing winds are caused by convection currents and rotation. In the Northern hemisphere... Solar energy strikes the equator, heating the air, land, water The warm air rises and expands, leaving a low pressure area Rising air moves northward At 30 degrees latitude the cooled air sinks, creating high pressure The moving air is twisted right as it moves south (Northeast Trade Winds) 11 1
112 In the Northern hemisphere... At 30 degrees latitude descending air is deflected northward, to an area of low pressure at 60 degrees latitude. The surface air moving northward to the low pressure area twists to the right causing the midlatitude westerlies. 112
113 At the North Pole the air is cold and dense, so it sinks, creating a high pressure region. This surface air moves south, twisting to the right and creating the polar easterlies. 11 3
114 A narrow band of spinning air is created in the places where these convection currents rise and fall. The spinning causes the air to speed up creating a tube of fast moving air known as a jet stream. The winds of the jet stream travel from west to east and can reach speeds of up to roughly 500 km/h. 11 4
115 Aircraft use this to their advantage when flying form west to east. pick up to a 500 km/h tail wind which saves time and fuel. Going from east to west pilots try to avoid the jet streams. Jet streams steer major weather systems. 11 5
116 11 6
117 Jet Streams high speed winds in the troposphere (241 to 482 kilometres per hour) 11 7
118 11 8
119 Prevailing winds help to distribute large amounts of solar energy from the equator to colder parts of the world. Convection currents create a return flow of air southward. Prevailing winds carry moisture causing rain, snow. Rising air is warm and moist. Falling air is cool and dry. At 30 degrees N latitude we have cool, dry air. Many deserts are found in this latitude. At 60 degrees N latitude two air systems meet and rise giving birth to winter storms. 11 9
120 Normal Year El Niño Year 12 0
121 During an El Niño year the Pacific Ocean undergoes a greater than normal amount of heating. This disrupts and changes the normal patterns of convection currents and wind patterns in the Pacific Ocean. 12 1
122 During El Niño years: the jet stream tends to push further north. As result North America tends to receive warmer than normal average temperatures. 12 2
123 12 3
124 About every four to five years, a pool of cooler-than-normal water develops off South America. This usually shifts the jet stream farther south which steers colder drier winters to the Canadian west. 12 4
125 Weather can be affected by local landforms in a specific area Thermal: A local convection current set up during the day The sun heats the ground, causing the air to rise
126 From water to land A thermal formed near water The sun heats the land. The air rise, and a cool breeze blows in from the water. Where are the highs and lows?
127 from land to water After sunset, the land cools quickly. Air above the warmer water rises, replaced by air from the land. Where are the highs and lows?
128 When air moves over water it picks up moisture. In winter, water is warmer then the land (more moisture) When the air reaches the cold land, the moisture becomes snow
129 A gentle warm, dry wind on the leeward side of the Rocky mountains
130 Worksheet # 6 Wind Worksheet #12 Movement of the Air 13 0
131 Section
132 In 1992 a container ship in the middle of the Pacific Ocean lost bath tub toys over the side. Rubber duckies started washing ashore all over the west coast of North America. In 1990 in a similar type accident 80,000 pairs of Nike shoes were swept off a Korean ship headed for the United states. Nike shoes started showing up from Hawaii to Oregon and as far north as Alaska. These two accidents provided valuable information to oceanographers regarding ocean currents. 13 2
133 13 3
134 Another spill occurred in
135 An oceanographer is a scientist that studies ocean currents. Ocean currents are compared to large conveyor belts that move around the globe. The ocean currents circulate the sun s energy from the equator to the poles. 13 5
136 13 6
137 They serve to warm the poles and at the same time cool the waters of the equator. In other words the ocean current spread out the heat energy all over the earth so that one area doesn't become too hot or too cold. 13 7
138 The main cause of ocean currents is unequal heating of the ocean by the sun. At the equator the sun strongly heats the water. As the water warms is gets lighter (less dense) and begins to rise. Cooler, denser water sinks and rushes in to replace the warmer water. 13 8
139 This movement of water creates enormous convection currents. We see warm surface currents flowing toward the poles (N & S). At the same time, we get cold deep water currents flowing toward the equator. The surface currents are pushed along and steered around the earth by the prevailing winds. 13 9
140 14 0
141 The warmer the air is above a body of water, the more water it is capable of holding. Evaporation rate is high and clouds form. Large amounts of precipitation. Colder water has cool and dry air above it. Weather it brings is cool and dry. 14 1
142 14 2
143 Worksheet # 13 Major Ocean Currents 14 3
144 Meteorology: The study of the atmosphere and weather forecasting
145 Weather System: A set of weather variables that move as a unit for a few days Air Mass: Large body of air in which temp and moisture is fairly uniform
146 6 different air masses Combinations of Maritime or Continental (Moist or Dry) Tropical or Polar (Warm or cold)
147 Air Masses Maritime Polar (West Coast) Temperature Moisture Content Maritime Polar (East Coast) Continental Polar Maritime Tropical (West Coast) Maritime Tropical (East Coast) Continental Tropical
148 Front: the boundary between a cold air mass and a warm air mass Warm front: the leading edge of a warm air mass Cold front: the leading edge of a cold air mass
149 Occluded Front cold front catches up with a warm front; the warm air is lifted above the earth s surface and is cut off (occluded) from the cooler air below
150 Stationary front: warm and cold air masses remains still for some time
151 A: Warm and Cold front meet B:Main Stage: Warm air is pushed up, lots of precipitation
152 C: Occluding Stage: Storm weakens as fronts combine D:Final Stage Flow of air dissipates, storm ends
153 Spins CCW in Northern Hemisphere CW in Southern Hemisphere
154
155 Usually brings clear skies Air moves outward from the centre of the high Rotates clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere (CCW in S. Hemisphere)
156 Worksheet # 14 WEATHER FORECASTING Worksheet # 15 Extreme Weather 15 6
Unit Test Study Guide:
Name: Homeroom: Date: Unit 6: Meteorology Study Guide Unit Test Study Guide: Atmosphere & Weather Use the summary points below as a resource to help you study for our unit test Monday! EARTH S ATMOSPHERE:
More informationI. Atmosphere. Maintains a balance between the amount of heat absorbed from the Sun and the amount of heat that escapes back into space.
Earth s Atmosphere 1-1 I Objectives: Identify the gases in Earthś atmosphere Describe the structures of Earthś atmosphere. Explain what causes air pressure. I. Atmosphere Maintains a balance between the
More informationAtmosphere & Weather. Earth Science
Atmosphere & Weather Earth Science Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere Earth s energy is provided by the SUN! Energy is important to us because it 1. Drives winds and ocean currents. 2. Allows plants to
More informationEarth s Atmosphere. Atmospheric Gases. Other Gases. Solids in the Atmosphere
Earth s Atmosphere 1-1 I Atmospheric Gases Earth s Atmosphere extends from earth s surface to outer space. It is made up of a mixture of gases with some solids and liquids. Other Gases Water Vapor in the
More informationEarth s Atmosphere. Earth s atmosphere is a key factor in allowing life to survive here.
Chapter 10.2 Earth s Atmosphere Earth s atmosphere is a key factor in allowing life to survive here. This narrow band of air has the right ingredients and maintains the correct temperature, to allow life
More informationWind is caused by differences in air pressure created by changes in temperature and water vapor content.
Topic 8: Weather Notes, Continued Workbook Chapter 8 Wind is caused by differences in air pressure created by changes in temperature and water vapor content. Wind blows from high pressure areas to low
More informationGreenhouse Effect Activity
Greenhouse Effect Activity Objectives: The student will: 1. Read and use weather instruments. 2. Collect and record temperature readings. 3. Describe the concept of the greenhouse effect. Materials: Fish
More informationAtmospheric Gases. Earth s Atmosphere extends from earth s surface to outer space. It is made up of a mixture of gases with some solids and liquids.
Earth s Atmosphere 1-1 I Objectives: Identify the gases in Earthś atmosphere Describe the structures of Earthś atmosphere. Explain what causes air pressure. Atmospheric Gases Earth s Atmosphere extends
More informationWeather Unit Study Guide
Weather Unit Study Guide - 2018 Weather vs Climate What does weather measure? The condition of the earth's atmosphere at a particular time and place. How are climate and weather different? Climate is the
More information10.2 Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere
10.2 Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere Learning Outcomes Understand the different layers of the atmosphere Understand how energy moves in, out, and around our atmosphere er Composi
More information3 Global Winds and Local Winds
CHAPTER 1 3 Global Winds and Local Winds SECTION The Atmosphere BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What causes wind? What is the Coriolis effect?
More informationMeteorology I Pre test for the Second Examination
Meteorology I Pre test for the Second Examination MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. A primary reason why land areas warm up more rapidly than water areas is that a) on land, all solar energy is absorbed in a shallow
More informationUnderstanding Weather
Understanding Weather Images Graphic of the atmosphere. Enlarge Cirrus clouds. Enlarge Air masses Air masses are parcels of air that bring distinctive weather features to the country. An air mass is a
More informationWeather & Atmosphere Study Guide
Weather & Atmosphere Study Guide 1. Draw a simple water cycle diagram using the following words: Precipitation, Evaporation, Condensation, Transpiration 2. In your own words, explain the difference between
More informationHorizontal movement of air between cooler and warmer regions. - horizontal movement of air Convection over areas where is
Winds and Water Chapter 9 continued... Uneven Heating The various materials of the earth absorb and emit energy at different rates Convection Heated air expands; density reduced; air rises Upward movement
More information1.3: CLIMATE GEOGRAPHY. pgs
1.3: CLIMATE GEOGRAPHY pgs. 76-89 INTRODUCTION WEATHER: Is the combination of temperature, precipitation, cloud cover and wind that we experience EACH DAY. Example: 22 0 C and clear skies. CLIMATE: The
More informationAir Masses and Fronts
Air Masses and Fronts A huge body of air that has similar temperature, humidity, and air pressure at any given height is called an air mass. A single air mass may spread over millions of square kilometers
More informationChapter 7 Weather and Climate
Chapter 7 Weather and Climate *Describe what weather is, what affects it, and where it occurs. *Explain the connection between air pressure and wind. * *Many factors affect a region s weather. * *atmosphere
More informationWrite answers on your own paper. A. the Sun B. the Moon C. Earth s gravity D. Earth s rotation
The tmosphere Write answers on your own paper 1. What is the primary energy source that drives all weather events, including precipitation, hurricanes, and tornados?. the Sun. the Moon C. Earth s gravity
More informationAtmosphere Glencoe. Name
Atmosphere 2005 Glencoe Name Note-taking Worksheet Atmosphere Section 1 Earth s Atmosphere A. thin layer of air that protects the Earth s surface from extreme temperatures and harmful Sun rays B. Atmospheric
More informationEnvs, Geol, Phys 112: Global Climate. Energy-Atmosphere System Review Aguado & Bert, Ch. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10
Exam 1 Review Energy-Atmosphere System Review Aguado & Bert, Ch. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10 Location on Earth (L04) Latitude & Longitude great circles, prime meridian, time zones, cardinal points, azimuth
More information6.9B verify through investigations that thermal energy moves in a predictable pattern from warmer to cooler 6.5B recognize that a limited number of
6.9B verify through investigations that thermal energy moves in a predictable pattern from warmer to cooler 6.5B recognize that a limited number of elements comprise the largest portion of oceans and atmosphere
More informationOverview Atmosphere. Meeting Individual Needs. Directed Reading for Content Mastery
Overview Directions: Complete the concept map using the terms in the list below. weather exosphere coldest air temperature ionosphere stratosphere 1. which is the region of space travel thermosphere which
More informationLornshill Academy. Geography Department Higher Revision Physical Environments - Atmosphere
Lornshill Academy Geography Department Higher Revision Physical Environments - Atmosphere Physical Environments Atmosphere Global heat budget The earth s energy comes from solar radiation, this incoming
More informationAtmosphere Circulation
Atmosphere Circulation Winds What Causes Winds? Difference in air pressure due to unequal heating of the atmosphere. Temperatures vary according to the amount of sun it gets. Uneven heating of the Earth
More informationAtmospheric & Ocean Circulation-
Atmospheric & Ocean Circulation- Overview: Atmosphere & Climate Atmospheric layers Heating at different latitudes Atmospheric convection cells (Hadley, Ferrel, Polar) Coriolis Force Generation of winds
More informationCanada s vast size creates a diverse range of weather conditions and climatic conditions. Warming trend for last 10 years Wet Spring Dry five summers
Chapter 4 Weather and Climate Canada s vast size creates a diverse range of weather conditions and climatic conditions. Weather examples: Rainy today Snow tomorrow Fog on Wednesday 23 degree C today High
More informationThe student will be expected to demonstrate an understanding of the cause of winds and how winds affect climate.
The student will be expected to demonstrate an understanding of the cause of winds and how winds affect climate. In this lesson you will: 2.3.1 Define the term prevailing winds. (k) 2.3.3 State the impact
More informationThe atmospheric circulation system
The atmospheric circulation system Key questions Why does the air move? Are the movements of the winds random across the surface of the Earth, or do they follow regular patterns? What implications do these
More informationW3 Global Circulation Systems
W3 Global Circulation Systems Which regions of Earth receive the most energy from the Sun? If not for global circulation systems There would only be two narrow regions that would support life What
More informationPrevailing Winds. The Coriolis Effect
Prevailing Winds 1. Wind: a movement of air in the atmosphere. Bill Nye wind (2 minutes) 2. Local or regional wind: occur in fairly small areas. 3. Prevailing winds: Major wind pattern that affect large
More informationAtmospheric Circulation
Atmospheric Circulation Why do we say Earth's temperature is moderate? It may not look like it, but various processes work to moderate Earth's temperature across the latitudes. Atmospheric circulation
More informationSocial Studies CHAPTER 2: PART 2 CLIMATE AND WEATHER
Social Studies CHAPTER 2: PART 2 CLIMATE AND WEATHER Climate Weather and Identity Climate and weather have a large influence on how Canadians build their identity. We will study the factors that contribute
More informationLesson: Atmospheric Dynamics
Lesson: Atmospheric Dynamics By Keith Meldahl Corresponding to Chapter 8: Atmospheric Circulation Our atmosphere moves (circulates) because of uneven solar heating of the earth s surface, combined with
More informationWINDS Understand the cause of wind and how it affects climate Chapter 4 Pages 59-67
WINDS Understand the cause of wind and how it affects climate Chapter 4 Pages 59-67 What is Wind? A wind is a horizontal movement of air across a surface. Vertical movements are currents or updrafts and
More information6.9B verify through investigations that thermal energy moves in a predictable pattern from warmer to cooler 6.5B recognize that a limited number of
6.9B verify through investigations that thermal energy moves in a predictable pattern from warmer to cooler 6.5B recognize that a limited number of elements comprise the largest portion of oceans and atmosphere
More informationSection 1. Global Wind Patterns and Weather. What Do You See? Think About It. Investigate. Learning Outcomes
Chapter 5 Winds, Oceans, Weather, and Climate Section 1 Global Wind Patterns and Weather What Do You See? Learning Outcomes In this section, you will Determine the effects of Earth s rotation and the uneven
More informationThe Atmosphere and Winds
Oceanography 10, T. James Noyes, El Camino College 8A-1 The Atmosphere and Winds We need to learn about the atmosphere, because the ocean and atmosphere are tightly interconnected with one another: you
More informationSIO20 - Midterm Examination 2 v1 Winter Section A. Circle the letter corresponding to the best answer. (1 point each)
NAME: Section A. Circle the letter corresponding to the best answer. (1 point each) 1. Rainbows result from: a. refraction and reflection of sunlight by water droplets b. reflection of sunlight by oceans
More informationWater on Earth. How do oceans relate to weather and the atmosphere? Solar Radiation and Convection Currents
Earth is often called the Blue Planet because so much of its surface (about 71%) is covered by water. Of all the water on Earth, about 96.5% is held in the world s oceans. As you can imagine, these oceans
More information6.1 Introduction to Weather Weather air mass Weather factors Temperature Pressure What is wind? Wind Convection in the atmosphere Thermals thermal
6.1 Introduction to Weather Weather is a term that describes the condition of the atmosphere in terms of temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind, and water. The major energy source for weather events is
More informationOcean Currents that Redistribute Heat Globally
Ocean Currents that Redistribute Heat Globally Ocean Circulation Ocean Currents Fig. CO7 OCEAN CURRENTS Surface ocean currents are similar to wind patterns: 1. Driven by Coriolis forces 2. Driven by winds
More informationLearning Target: Today we will begin learning about weather systems and fronts.
October 31st, 2014 Thank you for not chewing gum Materials: Pencil, science notebook, Science book Today s Agenda: Bell work Vocabulary quiz Finish reading 3.1 Notes Learning Target: Today we will begin
More information3 Global Winds and Local Winds
CHAPTER 15 3 Global Winds and Local Winds SECTION The Atmosphere BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What causes wind? What is the Coriolis effect?
More informationEARTH SCIENCE 5.9 (WIND) WEATHER
EARTH SCIENCE 5.9 (WIND) WEATHER Video Notes Key Points: 1. According to the video, what two factors cause wind: a. b. 2. Fill in the blanks from this quote from the video: Energy from the Sun heats the,
More informationThe student will be expected to demonstrate an understanding of the cause of winds and how winds affect climate.
The student will be expected to demonstrate an understanding of the cause of winds and how winds affect climate. In this lesson you will: 2.3.1 Define the term prevailing winds. (k) 2.3.3 State the impact
More informationAir Pressure and Wind
Air Pressure and Wind 19.1 Understanding Air Pressure Air Pressure Defined Air pressure is the pressure exerted by the weight of air. Air pressure is exerted in all directions down, up, and sideways. The
More informationMeteorology. Circle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer
Chapter 7 Worksheet 2 Meteorology Name: Circle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer 1) Which of the following factors contributes to the general subsidence in the latitude zone 20 degrees
More informationNotepack 41. Aim: What factors determine the climate of a certain area? Do Now: What is the difference between weather and climate?
Notepack 41 Aim: What factors determine the climate of a certain area? Do Now: What is the difference between weather and climate? WEATHER VS. CLIMATE Weather atmospheric conditions at a certain location
More informationChapter: Atmosphere Section 3: Air Movement
Table of Contents Chapter: Atmosphere Section 3: Air Movement We will learn about Air Movement=Wind -Why different latitudes on Earth will receive different amounts of Solar Energy -The Coriolis Effect
More informationATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION. WIND = The horizontal movement of air. Results from the differences in air pressure. Always moves from HIGH to LOW.
ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION WIND = The horizontal movement of air. Results from the differences in air pressure. Always moves from HIGH to LOW. Pressure differences result from variations in temperature. AIR
More informationChapter 6: Atmospheric Pressure, Wind, and Global Circulation
Discovering Physical Geography Third Edition by Alan Arbogast Chapter 6: Atmospheric Pressure, Wind, and Global Circulation Factors That Influence Air Pressure Air Pressure is the measured weight of air
More informationWeather EOG Review Questions
Weather EOG Review Questions 1. Which statement best describes runoff? A Water vapor cools off and changes into water droplets. B Water in the form of rain, snow, sleet, or hail falls from clouds. C Precipitation
More informationATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION
Name ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION (adapted from Dr. S. Postawko, U. of Ok.) INTRODUCTION Why does the wind blow? Why do weather systems in the mid-latitudes typically move from west to east? Now that we've
More informationChapter. Air Pressure and Wind
Chapter Air Pressure and Wind 19.1 Understanding Air Pressure Air Pressure Defined Air pressure is the pressure exerted by the weight of air. 19.1 Understanding Air Pressure Air Pressure Defined Air pressure
More informationTHE ATMOSPHERE. WEATHER and CLIMATE. The Atmosphere 10/12/2018 R E M I N D E R S. PART II: People and their. weather. climate?
R E M I N D E R S Two required essays are due by Oct. 30, 2018. (A third may be used for extra credit in place of a Think Geographically essay.) ESSAY TOPICS (choose any two): Contributions of a noted
More informationSection 3: Atmospheric Circulation
Section 3: Atmospheric Circulation Preview Key Ideas The Coriolis Effect Global Winds Local Winds Maps in Action Key Ideas Explain the Coriolis effect. Describe the global patterns of air circulation,
More informationRead each slide, some slides have information to record on your organizer. Some slides have numbers that go with the question or red and underlined
Read each slide, some slides have information to record on your organizer. Some slides have numbers that go with the question or red and underlined to use for answering the questions. Essential Question:
More information3 Global Winds and Local Winds
CHAPTER 6 3 Global Winds and Local Winds SECTION The Atmosphere BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What causes wind? What is the Coriolis effect?
More informationAtmospheric Circulation (Ch. 8) Ocean & Atmosphere are intertwined Gases & waters freely exchanged Wind Weather Climate
Atmospheric Circulation (Ch. 8) Ocean & Atmosphere are intertwined Gases & waters freely exchanged Wind Weather Climate Atmospheric Structure Consists of Layers Separated by Temperature Stratosphere: Temperature
More informationAnswer in your notes:
Hail, Dew, Frost Answer in your notes: 1. Starting with water at ground level, describe in your own words how a cloud forms. Include the energy flow that occurs at each stage. 2. Starting with evaporation
More informationMcKnight's Physical Geography 11e
Chapter 2 Lecture McKnight's Physical Geography 11e Lectures Chapter 5 Atmospheric Pressure and Wind Michael Commons Ohio Northern University Atmospheric Pressure and Wind The Nature of Atmospheric Pressure
More informationWednesday, September 20, 2017 Reminders. Week 3 Review is now available on D2L (through Friday) Exam 1, Monday, September 25, Chapters 1-4
Wednesday, September 20, 2017 Reminders Week 3 Review is now available on D2L (through Friday) Exam 1, Monday, September 25, Chapters 1-4 PLEASE don t memorize equations, but know how to recognize them
More informationGlobal Winds and Local Winds
Global Winds and Local Winds National Science Education Standards ES 1j What is the Coriolis effect? What are the major global wind systems on Earth? What Causes Wind? Wind is moving air caused by differences
More informationWEATHER SYSTEMS OF MIDDLE LATITUDES
CHAPTER 10 WEATHER SYSTEMS OF MIDDLE LATITUDES MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. In equal volumes, which one of the following air masses exerts the highest surface air pressure? a. cp *b. A c. mp d. ct e. mt
More information8 th Grade Science Meteorology Review
8 th Grade Science Meteorology Review #1 Where does Earth get the energy that produces global weather patterns? A: The sun B: Humidity C: Air masses D: Cyclones A. The Sun #2 Do all of the areas on Earth
More informationChapter 8 Air Masses
Chapter 8 Air Masses Air Masses - 1 1. An Air Mass is a large body of air usually about 1500 km across and several km thick, that has homogeneous physical properties. 2. The important physical properties
More informationSTUDENT PACKET # 10. Vocabulary: condensation, convection, convection current, land breeze, sea breeze
STUDENT PACKET # 10 Name: Date: Student Exploration: Coastal Winds and Clouds Big Idea 7: Earth Systems and Patterns SC.6.E.7.4 Differentiate and show interactions among the geosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere,
More informationFluid Circulation (Student Mastery Objectives) -The most frequent type of heat transfer of energy in the atmosphere is convection.
Fluid Circulation (Student Mastery Objectives) -The most frequent type of heat transfer of energy in the atmosphere is convection. -Differences in density affect the circulation of fluids. Cold air is
More informationCanada s Natural Systems. Canadian Geography 1202
Canada s Natural Systems Canadian Geography 1202 Canada s Natural Systems Natural System: A system found in nature Here are the four natural systems that we will explore in the next few weeks 1. Canada
More informationCHAPTER 6 Air-Sea Interaction
CHAPTER 6 Air-Sea Interaction What causes Earth s seasons? Tilt (23.5 ) responsible for seasons 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Distribution of Solar Energy Distribution of Solar Energy Atmosphere absorbs
More information9.3. Storing Thermal Energy. Transferring Thermal Energy
9.3 If you have been to a beach on a hot summer day, you have likely cooled off by going for a dip in the water. The water, which is cooler than you are, removes thermal energy from your body, making you
More informationAtmospheric & Ocean Circulation- I
Atmospheric & Ocean Circulation- I First: need to understand basic Earth s Energy Balance 1) Incoming radiation 2) Albedo (reflectivity) 3) Blackbody Radiation Atm/ Ocean movement ultimately derives from
More informationChapter: Atmosphere Section 3: Air Movement
Table of Contents Chapter: Atmosphere Section 3: Air Movement We will learn about: -Air Movement=Wind -Why different latitudes on Earth will receive different amounts of Solar Energy -The Coriolis Effect
More informationFull Name: Class: Period: Date:
Topic/Objective: Essential Question: Full Name: Class: Period: Date: Tutor Use Only: Air Pressure and Wind (Chapter 19) Air Pressure the weight of the atmosphere pushing down on the Earth exerting a force
More informationChapter 1 The Atmosphere
Chapter 1 The Atmosphere Section 1 - Guiding Questions How is the atmosphere important to living things? What gases are present in Earth s atmosphere? Section 1 - The Air Around You Importance of the Atmosphere
More informationWind Patterns on Earth
Wind Patterns on Earth What causes air to move? Air pressure differences causes air to move. These differences in air pressure at the same altitude is caused by uneven heating of the Earth s surface. With
More informationHigher Atmosphere. Earth s Heat Budget. Global Insolation. Global Transfer Of Energy. Global Temperatures. Inter Tropical Convergence Zone
Higher Atmosphere Earth s Heat Budget Global Insolation Global Transfer Of Energy Global Temperatures Inter Tropical Convergence Zone Climate Graph Earth s Heat Budget Task 1 Use the Power Point to help
More informationAssessment Schedule 2016 Earth and Space Science: Demonstrate understanding of processes in the ocean system (91413)
NCEA Level 3 Earth & Space Science (91413) 2016 page 1 of 6 Assessment Schedule 2016 Earth and Space Science: Demonstrate processes in the ocean system (91413) Evidence Statement Q Evidence with with Excellence
More informationThink it Over. Now that we have completed the activity, make any necessary changes to your prediction.
Think it Over What do global wind patterns look like? Draw your prediction on your sheet. Now, let s try something. Does the wind turn? Let s find out! Now that we have completed the activity, make any
More informationWind and Wind Patterns
Wind and Wind Patterns What is Weather? Weather is the condition of Earth s atmosphere at a particular time and place. What is Wind? Wind is air moving across the surface of the Earth. It can move horizontally
More informationLength of day for a full year. Ocean Gyres. Wet. Adiabatic. lapse rate, starts at. dewpoint Dry Adiabatic lapse rate
Vernal Equinox March 20, 11:57 AM, CDT Sun will rise exactly in the east and set exactly in the west. All latitudes get 12 hours of day and 12 hours of dark. Length of day for a full year Wet Adiabatic
More informationCirculation of the Atmosphere
Circulation of the Atmosphere World is made up of three regions: Atmosphere (air) Hydrosphere (water) Lithosphere (land) - Geosphere All regions interact to produce weather (day to day variations) and
More informationEarth s Atmosphere. Air Currents
CHAPTER 12 Earth s Atmosphere LESSON 3 Air Currents What do you think? Read the two statements below and decide whether you agree or disagree with them. Place an A in the Before column if you agree with
More informationGEOGRAPHY UNIT 2 REVIEW. 1. The daily atmospheric conditions, such as heat, moisture and air movement for a particular area are known as
UNIT 2 REVIEW GEOGRAPHY Name: 1. The daily atmospheric conditions, such as heat, moisture and air movement for a particular area are known as 2. The average conditions of the weather for a long period
More information18.1 Understanding Air Pressure 18.1 Understanding Air Pressure Air Pressure Defined Measuring Air Pressure Air pressure barometer
18.1 Understanding Air Pressure 18.1 Understanding Air Pressure Air Pressure Defined Air pressure is the pressure exerted by the weight of air. Air pressure is exerted in all directions down, up, and sideways.
More informationPHSC 3033: Meteorology Stability
PHSC 3033: Meteorology Stability Equilibrium and Stability Equilibrium s 2 States: Stable Unstable Perturbed from its initial state, an object can either tend to return to equilibrium (A. stable) or deviate
More informationCopy and answer the following in your marble composition book. 1. Which direction is the wind deflected in the northern hemisphere?
Copy and answer the following in your marble composition book. 1. Which direction is the wind deflected in the northern hemisphere? 2. Which direction is the wind deflected in the southern hemisphere?
More informationUnit 2 World Climate Patterns
Unit 2 World Climate Patterns Weather the day to day or short term conditions of the atmosphere. Weather includes variables such as temperature, precipitation, humidity, cloud cover, wind, and air pressure.
More informationATOMOSPERIC PRESSURE, WIND & CIRCULATION
ATOMOSPERIC PRESSURE, WIND & CIRCULATION A. INTRODUCTION Important because: pressure patterns drive wind patterns which in turn drive oceanic circulation patterns o atmospheric & oceanic circulation: major
More informationChapter 4: Moisture and Atmospheric Stability The hydrologic cycle
Chapter 4: Moisture and Atmospheric Stability The hydrologic cycle from: USGS http://water.usgs.gov/edu/watercycle.html Evaporation: enough water to cover the entire surface of Earth to 1 meter cycles
More informationInfluences on Weather and Climate Weather and Climate. Coriolis Effect
Influences on Weather and limate Weather and limate oriolis Effect 1 limate is defined as the common weather conditions in one area over a long period of time. Temperature, humidity, rainfall, and wind
More informationWind in the Atmosphere
Lesson 2 Wind in the Atmosphere ESSENTIAL QUESTION What is wind? By the end of this lesson, you should be able to explain how energy provided by the sun causes atmospheric movement, called wind. p 6.ESS2.2,
More informationT. James Noyes, El Camino College Winds Unit (Topic 8A-1) page 1
T. James Noyes, El Camino College Winds Unit (Topic 8A-1) page 1 Name: Section: Winds Unit (3 pts) The Ocean and the Atmosphere We need to learn about the atmosphere, because the ocean and atmosphere are
More informationWind and Air Pressure
Wind and Air Pressure When air moves above the surface of the Earth, it is called wind. Wind is caused by differences in air pressure. When a difference in pressure exists, the air will move from areas
More informationFinish Characteristics of Climate
Bell Ringer Finish Characteristics of Climate Wind Coriolis Effect Newton s second law: a body in motion will continue in motion (unchanged) unless acted upon by an outside force. Liquid (water) and gas
More information>>>>>>>>WHEN YOU FINISH <<<<<<<< Hand in the answer sheet separately.
Instructor: Prof. Seiberling PHYSICS DEPARTMENT MET 1010 2nd Midterm Exam October 28, 2002 Name (print, last rst): Signature: On my honor, I have neither given nor received unauthorized aid on this examination.
More information1 MS Earth s Atmosphere
CHAPTER 1 MS Earth s Atmosphere Chapter Outline 1.1 THE ATMOSPHERE 1.2 ENERGY IN THE ATMOSPHERE 1.3 LAYERS OF THE ATMOSPHERE 1.4 AIR MOVEMENT 1.5 REFERENCES Did you ever see such an awesome sight? This
More informationTopic 4 Temperature, Atmospheric Circulation and Climate. Temperature Concepts and Measurement 10/2/2017. Thermometer and Instrument Shelter
Topic 4 Temperature, Atmospheric Circulation and Climate Temperature Controls Global Temp. Patterns Atmospheric Circulation Primary High and Low Pressure Areas Global Circulation Model Local Winds Ocean
More informationWednesday, September 27, 2017 Test Monday, about half-way through grading. No D2L Assessment this week, watch for one next week
Wednesday, September 27, 2017 Test Monday, about half-way through grading No D2L Assessment this week, watch for one next week Homework 3 Climate Variability (due Monday, October 9) Quick comment on Coriolis
More information