Tracking of Large-Scale Wave Motions

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Tracking of Large-Scale Wave Motions"

Transcription

1 Tracking of Large-Scale Wave Motions Nikki Barbee, Adam Cale, Justin Wittrock Dr. William Gutowski Meteorology 44 Fall 29 This semester we have observed large scale wave patterns in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. We took data including wavenumber, amplitude, wave speed, and maximum zonal winds at both hpa and in the upper atmosphere. The goal of this data collection is to look at equations in our book and test the Rossby wave theory to see if it applies to large scale waves in our atmosphere. In this paper we hope to answer the following questions: how rapidly do wave patterns move, is there a relationship between zonal winds and wave propagation, how long does one identifiable pattern last, how rapidly do waves change the amplitude, how do zonal winds evolve, and is there a relationship between zonal winds and wave growth or decay. First we will look at how fast wave patterns move and the relationship between zonal wind maxima and the wave pattern. 1

2 The Speed of the Wave Patterns To determine the speed that the wave patterns move and the relationship between zonal wind speeds and wave propagation, we need to look at the very specific parameters, the first of which is the overall average wave speed in degrees per day. To do this, we add up the wave speeds and divide the sum by the total number of days we observed. Our average for the Northern Hemisphere was 1.8 o per day. Likewise, the average for the Southern Hemisphere was 1.3 o per day. This means that on average the waves in the Southern Hemisphere traveled nearly o per day faster than those in the Northern Hemisphere. The waves are moving eastward in both hemispheres. This means counterclockwise rotation around the North Pole and clockwise rotation around the South Pole. Knowing these speeds we can calculate how long it would take an intact wave to move around the globe in each hemisphere. To do this, we divide 36 o by the speed in degrees per day. For example in the Northern Hemisphere we obtain (36 o ) / (1.8 o /day) = 33.3 days. Similarly, for the Southern Hemisphere we obtain 23. days. This makes sense because the waves are traveling faster in the Southern Hemisphere. Now we can look at how wave speed varies with zonal wind particularly at hpa. Relationship between Zonal Wind Speed and Wave Propagation First we need to convert wind speed into degrees per day. Then taking the length of the latitude circle at o and dividing it by wind speed tells us how many days it would take to travel 36 o at this speed. So for the Northern Hemisphere when converting the average wind to degrees per day we calculate the following equation: [(9.26 m/s)(36 s/hr)(24 hr/day)] / [(111 km/1 o )(1 m/km)]. This gives us an average wind speed of 7.2 o per 2

3 Wave Speed ( o /day) day instead of it being in m/s. Working this equation for the Southern Hemisphere, we get a value of 19.3 o per day. Dividing 36 o by these speeds gives us the number of days it would take to go around the globe. For the Northern hemisphere we have (36 o ) / (7.2 o /day), which give us an answer of days. For the Southern Hemisphere we get 18.7 days. Looking at Figure 1, we see the wave speed plotted against the U- speeds in degrees per day for the Northern Hemisphere. Correspondingly, Figure 2 shows the same data for the Southern Hemisphere. At first it seems odd that the wind speeds work out to be in multiples of four; however, when you work out the conversions to degrees per day from meters per second that is what you end up with: 2 Northern Hemisphere Speed (o/day) U- ( o /day) Figure 1: Wave Speed vs. hpa Wind Speed for the Northern Hemisphere 3

4 Wave Speed ( o /day) 3 Southern Hemisphere Speed (o/day) U- ( o /day) Figure 2: Wave Speed vs. hpa Wind Speed for the Southern Hemisphere Knowing what we know about the Rossby waves and our data, Ubar would be positive as well as the beta term. This means our plot for the Northern Hemisphere makes sense for the faster wind speeds but not the lower ones. Since both terms are positive the speed of a Rossby wave should be less than U-bar. This isn t what we see with the lower wind values in the Northern Hemisphere. Figure 2 shows the same plot for the Southern Hemisphere, and we see that the plot agrees with the Rossby wave theory much more so than the Northern Hemisphere s did. Figures 3 and 4 respectively show the upper level wind speeds versus the wave speed both in degrees per day. 4

5 Wave Speed ( o /day) Wave Speed ( o /day) 2 Northern Hemisphere Speed (o/day) U-upper ( o /day) Figure 3: Wave Speed vs. Upper Level Wind Speed in the Northern Hemisphere 3 Southern Hemisphere Speed (o/day) U-upper ( o /day) Figure 4: Wave Speed vs. Upper Level Wind Speed for in the Southern Hemisphere Along with these plots we can solve the time it would take to go around the globe just as we have done at the hpa level. These values are 21.8 days for the Northern Hemisphere and 11. days for the Southern Hemisphere. These plots show that there is a

6 Wave Speed ( o /day) certain dependence on upper air speeds by the wave speed, which demonstrates the same relationship that we saw in the hpa. The Rossby wave speed is higher than the actual wave speed for both hemispheres. This fits much better for the northern hemisphere than the hpa plot did. The Rossby theory also shows a relationship between wave speed and wavenumber Figures and 6 display that relationship for the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere respectively. 2 Northern Hemisphere c - U- (o/day) Poly. (c - U- (o/day)) Integer Wavenumber Figure : Wave Speed vs. Wavenumber in the Northern Hemisphere 6

7 Wave Speed ( o /day) Southern Hemisphere c - U- (o/day) Poly. (c - U- (o/day)) Integer Wavenumber Figure 6: Wave Speed vs. Wavenumber in the Southern Hemisphere The correlation we see from Figure and 6 is a squared relationship. However, the interesting thing is that in the Northern Hemisphere the trend is negative while in the Southern Hemisphere it is positive. We are not sure why this occurs; it might just be the different hemispheres. The next question we will address is how long identifiable patterns last. The Longevity of a Pattern We have patterns that last up to two weeks with wavenumbers varying by only one integer value. You can see this in Figure 7 for the Northern Hemisphere and Figure 8 for the Southern Hemisphere. This time frame is in alignment with typical synoptic scale events. The longest time frame we had with no wavenumber oscillation was 6 days in the Southern Hemisphere. 7

8 Integer Wavenumber Integer Wavenumber 7 Northern Hemisphere Wavenumber 1 Date Figure 7: Wavenumber vs. Date for the Northern Hemisphere 6 Southern Hemisphere Wavenumber 1 Date Figure 8: Wavenumber vs. Date for the Southern Hemisphere 8

9 Amplitude Looking at the amplitude of the waves vs. wavenumber we see that the shorter waves tend to have smaller amplitudes. In Meteorology 44 class we discussed the following expected relationship: the shorter waves have higher amplitude than the longer waves. Unfortunately, our observations showed the opposite. This relationship is shown in Figure 9 for the Northern Hemisphere and Figure 1 for the Southern Hemisphere. This might have something to do with the mb wind speed affecting the wave amplitude. Northern Hemisphere Integer Wavenumber Amplitude (m) Figure 9: Amplitude vs. Wavenumber for the Northern Hemisphere 9

10 Amplitude Southern Hemisphere Integer Wavenumber Amplitude (m) Figure 1: Amplitude vs. Wavenumber for the Southern Hemisphere The next question we will address is how rapidly waves increase or decrease in amplitude. The Rise and Fall in the Amplitude of the Waves There are times when we can mark grown and decay. The typical time frame for these in the Northern Hemisphere is 1 days. In the Southern Hemisphere the growth lasts about two weeks. In the Northern Hemisphere the largest growth was about 3% in ten days. The Southern Hemisphere had two periods of marked growth. One was about 3% increase over fourteen days and the other was about 2% over the span of about 17 days. A plot of Amplitude vs. Date is shown in Figure 11 for the Northern Hemisphere and Figure 12 for the Southern Hemisphere: 1

11 Amplitude Amplitude Northern Hemisphere Amplitude (m) Date Figure 11: Amplitude vs. Date for the Northern Hemisphere Southern Hemisphere Amplitude (m) Date Figure 12: Amplitude vs. Date for the Southern Hemisphere 11

12 U- ( o /day) Overall Zonal Wind Trends Looking at the zonal winds throughout the entire observation period we see that the overall trend in the Northern Hemisphere is slightly increasing in term of wind speeds over the period; this is shown in Figure 13. The overall trend in the Southern Hemisphere is decreasing in term of wind speeds as the period progressed; this is shown in Figure 14. The trend for the Southern Hemisphere is much more pronounced than that of the Northern Hemisphere. This could be due to the seasonal shift from winter to spring being more extreme than that of summer to fall Northern Hemisphere U- (o/day) Linear (U- (o/day)) Date Figure 13: hpa Windspeed vs. Date 12

13 U- ( o /day) Southern Hemisphere U- (o/day) Linear (U- (o/day)) Date Figure 14: hpa Windspeed vs. Date for the Southern Hemisphere Relationship between Zonal Wind and Wave Growth or Decay Looking back at Figures 11, 12, 13, and 14 we can compare the zonal winds and the amplitudes on any given day. The trend that is most noticeable is that whenever the wind speeds are higher, the amplitude tends to be higher. This occurs in both hemispheres. This would be expected because the winds can dig the troughs deeper and make the ridges higher. Conclusion Overall our observations show some discrepancies with the Rossby theory. The one that sticks out the most is that our longer wavelengths had larger amplitudes than our shorter wavelengths. One thing that did agree was that our longer waves did have higher wind speeds in general. Because our data is recorded by human hands, there are potential 13

14 recording errors in our data. Therefore, our results may not be spot on. All in all though, this project answers most of our questions regarding the wave analysis. 14

Atmospheric Rossby Waves in Fall 2011: Analysis of Zonal Wind Speed and 500hPa Heights in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres

Atmospheric Rossby Waves in Fall 2011: Analysis of Zonal Wind Speed and 500hPa Heights in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres Atmospheric Rossby Waves in Fall 211: Analysis of Zonal Wind Speed and 5hPa Heights in the Northern and Southern s Samuel Cook, Craig Eckstein, and Samantha Santeiu Department of Atmospheric and Geological

More information

Atomspheric Waves at the 500hPa Level

Atomspheric Waves at the 500hPa Level Atomspheric Waves at the 5hPa Level Justin Deal, Eswar Iyer, and Bryce Link ABSTRACT Our study observes and examines large scale motions of the atmosphere. More specifically it examines wave motions at

More information

Atmospheric Rossby Waves Fall 2012: Analysis of Northern and Southern 500hPa Height Fields and Zonal Wind Speed

Atmospheric Rossby Waves Fall 2012: Analysis of Northern and Southern 500hPa Height Fields and Zonal Wind Speed Atmospheric Rossby Waves Fall 12: Analysis of Northern and Southern hpa Height Fields and Zonal Wind Speed Samuel Schreier, Sarah Stewart, Ashley Christensen, and Tristan Morath Department of Atmospheric

More information

Atmospheric Waves James Cayer, Wesley Rondinelli, Kayla Schuster. Abstract

Atmospheric Waves James Cayer, Wesley Rondinelli, Kayla Schuster. Abstract Atmospheric Waves James Cayer, Wesley Rondinelli, Kayla Schuster Abstract It is important for meteorologists to have an understanding of the synoptic scale waves that propagate thorough the atmosphere

More information

Chapter 11 Waves. Waves transport energy without transporting matter. The intensity is the average power per unit area. It is measured in W/m 2.

Chapter 11 Waves. Waves transport energy without transporting matter. The intensity is the average power per unit area. It is measured in W/m 2. Chapter 11 Waves Energy can be transported by particles or waves A wave is characterized as some sort of disturbance that travels away from a source. The key difference between particles and waves is a

More information

100-Meter Dash Olympic Winning Times: Will Women Be As Fast As Men?

100-Meter Dash Olympic Winning Times: Will Women Be As Fast As Men? 100-Meter Dash Olympic Winning Times: Will Women Be As Fast As Men? The 100 Meter Dash has been an Olympic event since its very establishment in 1896(1928 for women). The reigning 100-meter Olympic champion

More information

The Coriolis force, geostrophy, Rossby waves and the westward intensification

The Coriolis force, geostrophy, Rossby waves and the westward intensification Chapter 3 The Coriolis force, geostrophy, Rossby waves and the westward intensification The oceanic circulation is the result of a certain balance of forces. Geophysical Fluid Dynamics shows that a very

More information

9/25/2014. Scales of Atmospheric Motion. Scales of Atmospheric Motion. Chapter 7: Circulation of the Atmosphere

9/25/2014. Scales of Atmospheric Motion. Scales of Atmospheric Motion. Chapter 7: Circulation of the Atmosphere Chapter 7: Circulation of the Atmosphere The Atmosphere: An Introduction to Meteorology, 12 th Lutgens Tarbuck Lectures by: Heather Gallacher, Cleveland State University Scales of Atmospheric Motion Small-

More information

+ R. gr T. This equation is solved by the quadratic formula, the solution, as shown in the Holton text notes given as part of the class lecture notes:

+ R. gr T. This equation is solved by the quadratic formula, the solution, as shown in the Holton text notes given as part of the class lecture notes: Homework #4 Key: Physical explanations 1.The way water drains down a sink, counterclockwise or clockwise, is independent of which hemisphere you are in. A draining sink is an example of vortex in cyclostrophic

More information

CHAPTER 8 WIND AND WEATHER MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

CHAPTER 8 WIND AND WEATHER MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS CHAPTER 8 WIND AND WEATHER MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. is the movement of air measured relative to the Earth's surface. a. Gravity b. The pressure gradient force c. The Coriolis Effect d. The centripetal

More information

Understanding El Nino-Monsoon teleconnections

Understanding El Nino-Monsoon teleconnections Understanding El Nino-Monsoon teleconnections Dr Neena Joseph Mani Earth & Climate Science INSA Anniversary General meeting, Session: Science in IISER Pune 27 th December 2017 Mean State of the equatorial

More information

Wind and Air Pressure

Wind and Air Pressure Wind and Air Pressure When air moves above the surface of the Earth, it is called wind. Wind is caused by differences in air pressure. When a difference in pressure exists, the air will move from areas

More information

The Coriolis Effect - Deflect the Arrows!

The Coriolis Effect - Deflect the Arrows! NAME: DATE: The Coriolis Effect - Deflect the Arrows Directions: The Circle below represents the Earth. The equator is present, dividing the image into the Northern and Southern hemispheres. The arrows

More information

Goal: Develop quantitative understanding of ENSO genesis, evolution, and impacts

Goal: Develop quantitative understanding of ENSO genesis, evolution, and impacts The Delayed Oscillator Zebiak and Cane (1987) Model Other Theories Theory of ENSO teleconnections Goal: Develop quantitative understanding of ENSO genesis, evolution, and impacts The delayed oscillator

More information

Waves & Interference

Waves & Interference Waves & Interference I. Definitions and Types II. Parameters and Equations III. Sound IV. Graphs of Waves V. Interference - superposition - standing waves The student will be able to: HW: 1 Define, apply,

More information

Global Circulations. GEOG/ENST 2331 Lecture 15 Ahrens: Chapter 10

Global Circulations. GEOG/ENST 2331 Lecture 15 Ahrens: Chapter 10 Global Circulations GEOG/ENST 2331 Lecture 15 Ahrens: Chapter 10 Last lecture Microscale (turbulence) Mesoscale (land/sea breeze) Synoptic scale (monsoon) Global scale (3 cell circulation) Three Cell Model

More information

100-Meter Dash Olympic Winning Times: Will Women Be As Fast As Men?

100-Meter Dash Olympic Winning Times: Will Women Be As Fast As Men? 100-Meter Dash Olympic Winning Times: Will Women Be As Fast As Men? The 100 Meter Dash has been an Olympic event since its very establishment in 1896(1928 for women). The reigning 100-meter Olympic champion

More information

Global Structure of Brunt Vaisala Frequency as revealed by COSMIC GPS Radio Occultation

Global Structure of Brunt Vaisala Frequency as revealed by COSMIC GPS Radio Occultation ICGPSRO, May 14-16, 2013, Taiwan Session 3A; U3-2B-208-05 14:10-14:25, May 14 Global Structure of Brunt Vaisala Frequency as revealed by COSMIC GPS Radio Occultation Noersomadi National Institute of Aeronautics

More information

Section 1 Types of Waves. Distinguish between mechanical waves and electromagnetic waves.

Section 1 Types of Waves. Distinguish between mechanical waves and electromagnetic waves. Section 1 Types of Waves Objectives Recognize that waves transfer energy. Distinguish between mechanical waves and electromagnetic waves. Explain the relationship between particle vibration and wave motion.

More information

Chapter 11 Waves. Waves transport energy without transporting matter. The intensity is the average power per unit area. It is measured in W/m 2.

Chapter 11 Waves. Waves transport energy without transporting matter. The intensity is the average power per unit area. It is measured in W/m 2. Energy can be transported by particles or waves: Chapter 11 Waves A wave is characterized as some sort of disturbance that travels away from a source. The key difference between particles and waves is

More information

Section 6. The Surface Circulation of the Ocean. What Do You See? Think About It. Investigate. Learning Outcomes

Section 6. The Surface Circulation of the Ocean. What Do You See? Think About It. Investigate. Learning Outcomes Chapter 5 Winds, Oceans, Weather, and Climate Section 6 The Surface Circulation of the Ocean What Do You See? Learning Outcomes In this section, you will Understand the general paths of surface ocean currents.

More information

Atmospheric Forces and Force Balances METR Introduction

Atmospheric Forces and Force Balances METR Introduction Atmospheric Forces and Force Balances METR 2021 Introduction In this lab you will be introduced to the forces governing atmospheric motions as well as some of the common force balances. A common theme

More information

ESCI 343 Atmospheric Dynamics II Lesson 10 - Topographic Waves

ESCI 343 Atmospheric Dynamics II Lesson 10 - Topographic Waves ESCI 343 Atmospheric Dynamics II Lesson 10 - Topographic Waves Reference: An Introduction to Dynamic Meteorology (3 rd edition), J.R. Holton Reading: Holton, Section 7.4. STATIONARY WAVES Waves will appear

More information

SIO20 - Midterm Examination 2 v1 Winter Section A. Circle the letter corresponding to the best answer. (1 point each)

SIO20 - Midterm Examination 2 v1 Winter Section A. Circle the letter corresponding to the best answer. (1 point each) NAME: Section A. Circle the letter corresponding to the best answer. (1 point each) 1. Rainbows result from: a. refraction and reflection of sunlight by water droplets b. reflection of sunlight by oceans

More information

Lesson 14: Simple harmonic motion, Waves (Sections )

Lesson 14: Simple harmonic motion, Waves (Sections ) Circular Motion and Simple Harmonic Motion The projection of uniform circular motion along any ais (the -ais here) is the same as simple harmonic motion. We use our understanding of uniform circular motion

More information

6. An oscillator makes four vibrations in one second. What is its period and frequency?

6. An oscillator makes four vibrations in one second. What is its period and frequency? Period and Frequency 19.1 The period of a pendulum is the time it takes to move through one cycle. As the ball on the string is pulled to one side and then let go, the ball moves to the side opposite the

More information

ESCI 107/109 The Atmosphere Lesson 9 Wind

ESCI 107/109 The Atmosphere Lesson 9 Wind Reading: Meteorology Today, Chapter 8 ABOUT WIND Wind is the motion of the air. ESCI 107/109 The Atmosphere Lesson 9 Wind The direction of the wind is given by which direction it is blowing from. For example,

More information

ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION. WIND = The horizontal movement of air. Results from the differences in air pressure. Always moves from HIGH to LOW.

ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION. WIND = The horizontal movement of air. Results from the differences in air pressure. Always moves from HIGH to LOW. ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION WIND = The horizontal movement of air. Results from the differences in air pressure. Always moves from HIGH to LOW. Pressure differences result from variations in temperature. AIR

More information

PHYSICS - GIANCOLI CALC 4E CH 15: WAVE MOTION.

PHYSICS - GIANCOLI CALC 4E CH 15: WAVE MOTION. !! www.clutchprep.com CONCEPT: WHAT IS A WAVE? A WAVE is a moving disturbance (oscillation) that carries energy. - A common example is a wave on a string, where the moving string carries energy We re only

More information

Earth s oceans covers 71 % _ of the planet s surface. In reality, Earth s ocean waters are all. interconnected as part of a single large global ocean.

Earth s oceans covers 71 % _ of the planet s surface. In reality, Earth s ocean waters are all. interconnected as part of a single large global ocean. Ocean Motion Met 101: Introduction to the World's Oceans Produced by The COMET Program Geography: Name Pd. Earth s oceans covers 71 % _ of the planet s surface. In reality, Earth s ocean waters are all

More information

ATOMOSPERIC PRESSURE, WIND & CIRCULATION

ATOMOSPERIC PRESSURE, WIND & CIRCULATION ATOMOSPERIC PRESSURE, WIND & CIRCULATION A. INTRODUCTION Important because: pressure patterns drive wind patterns which in turn drive oceanic circulation patterns o atmospheric & oceanic circulation: major

More information

Lecture 18: El Niño. Atmosphere, Ocean, Climate Dynamics EESS 146B/246B

Lecture 18: El Niño. Atmosphere, Ocean, Climate Dynamics EESS 146B/246B Lecture 18: El Niño Atmosphere, Ocean, Climate Dynamics EESS 146B/246B El Niño Transient equatorial motions: Kelvin and Rossby waves. Positive feedback mechanism associated with air-sea coupling. Atmospheric

More information

Chapters 25: Waves. f = 1 T. v =!f. Text: Chapter 25 Think and Explain: 1-10 Think and Solve: 1-4

Chapters 25: Waves. f = 1 T. v =!f. Text: Chapter 25 Think and Explain: 1-10 Think and Solve: 1-4 Text: Chapter 25 Think and Explain: 1-10 Think and Solve: 1-4 Chapters 25: Waves NAME: Vocabulary: wave, pulse, oscillation, amplitude, wavelength, wave speed, frequency, period, interference, constructive,

More information

Section 1. Global Wind Patterns and Weather. What Do You See? Think About It. Investigate. Learning Outcomes

Section 1. Global Wind Patterns and Weather. What Do You See? Think About It. Investigate. Learning Outcomes Chapter 5 Winds, Oceans, Weather, and Climate Section 1 Global Wind Patterns and Weather What Do You See? Learning Outcomes In this section, you will Determine the effects of Earth s rotation and the uneven

More information

Chs. 16 and 17 Mechanical Waves

Chs. 16 and 17 Mechanical Waves Chs. 16 and 17 Mechanical Waves The nature of waves A wave is a traveling disturbance that carries energy from one place to another, and even though matter may be disturbed as a wave travels through a

More information

Directed Reading. Section: Ocean Currents. a(n). FACTORS THAT AFFECT SURFACE CURRENTS

Directed Reading. Section: Ocean Currents. a(n). FACTORS THAT AFFECT SURFACE CURRENTS Skills Worksheet Directed Reading Section: Ocean Currents 1. A horizontal movement of water in a well-defined pattern is called a(n). 2. What are two ways that oceanographers identify ocean currents? 3.

More information

McKnight's Physical Geography 11e

McKnight's Physical Geography 11e Chapter 2 Lecture McKnight's Physical Geography 11e Lectures Chapter 5 Atmospheric Pressure and Wind Michael Commons Ohio Northern University Atmospheric Pressure and Wind The Nature of Atmospheric Pressure

More information

Chapter 22, Section 1 - Ocean Currents. Section Objectives

Chapter 22, Section 1 - Ocean Currents. Section Objectives Chapter 22, Section 1 - Ocean Currents Section Objectives Intro Surface Currents Factors Affecting Ocean Currents Global Wind Belts (you should draw and label a diagram of the global wind belts) The Coriolis

More information

Wind Movement and Global and Local Winds

Wind Movement and Global and Local Winds Wind Movement and Global and Local Winds In previous lessons, you learned that the uneven heating of Earth s surface by the Sun causes some areas to be warmer than others. This uneven heating of land forms

More information

Similarly to elastic waves, sound and other propagated waves are graphically shown by the graph:

Similarly to elastic waves, sound and other propagated waves are graphically shown by the graph: Phys 300/301 Physics: Algebra/Trig Eugene Hecht, 3e. Prepared 01/24/06 11.0 Waves & Sounds There are two fundamental waves of transporting energy and momentum: particles and waves. While they seem opposites,

More information

Read each slide, some slides have information to record on your organizer. Some slides have numbers that go with the question or red and underlined

Read each slide, some slides have information to record on your organizer. Some slides have numbers that go with the question or red and underlined Read each slide, some slides have information to record on your organizer. Some slides have numbers that go with the question or red and underlined to use for answering the questions. Essential Question:

More information

Lecture Outline Chapter 14. Physics, 4 th Edition James S. Walker. Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Lecture Outline Chapter 14. Physics, 4 th Edition James S. Walker. Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Lecture Outline Chapter 14 Physics, 4 th Edition James S. Walker Chapter 14 Waves and Sound Units of Chapter 14 Types of Waves Waves on a String Harmonic Wave Functions Sound Waves Sound Intensity The

More information

ATMS 310 Tropical Dynamics

ATMS 310 Tropical Dynamics ATMS 310 Tropical Dynamics Introduction Throughout the semester we have focused on mid-latitude dynamics. This is not to say that the dynamics of other parts of the world, such as the tropics, are any

More information

Chapter 12: Mechanical Waves and Sound

Chapter 12: Mechanical Waves and Sound Chapter 12 Lecture Chapter 12: Mechanical Waves and Sound Goals for Chapter 12 To describe mechanical waves. To study superposition, standing waves and sound. To present sound as a standing longitudinal

More information

Local vs. Remote SST Forcing in Shaping the Asian-Australian Monsoon Variability

Local vs. Remote SST Forcing in Shaping the Asian-Australian Monsoon Variability Local vs. Remote SST Forcing in Shaping the Asian-Australian Monsoon Variability Tim Li IPRC and Dept. of Meteorology, Univ. of Hawaii Acknowledgement. B. Wang, C.-P. Chang, P. Liu, X. Fu, Y. Zhang, Kug

More information

What is Wind? Winds are caused by differences in air pressure. This is horizontal movement of air of high pressure to low pressure. Unequal heating of

What is Wind? Winds are caused by differences in air pressure. This is horizontal movement of air of high pressure to low pressure. Unequal heating of What is Wind? Winds are caused by differences in air pressure. This is horizontal movement of air of high pressure to low pressure. Unequal heating of the atmosphere. Measuring Wind Wind direction is determined

More information

Units of Chapter 14. Types of Waves Waves on a String Harmonic Wave Functions Sound Waves Standing Waves Sound Intensity The Doppler Effect

Units of Chapter 14. Types of Waves Waves on a String Harmonic Wave Functions Sound Waves Standing Waves Sound Intensity The Doppler Effect Units of Chapter 14 Types of Waves Waves on a String Harmonic Wave Functions Sound Waves Standing Waves Sound Intensity The Doppler Effect Units of Chapter 14 Optional Superposition and Interference Beats

More information

Summary of Lecture 10, 04 March 2008 Introduce the Hadley circulation and examine global weather patterns. Discuss jet stream dynamics jet streams

Summary of Lecture 10, 04 March 2008 Introduce the Hadley circulation and examine global weather patterns. Discuss jet stream dynamics jet streams Summary of Lecture 10, 04 March 2008 Introduce the Hadley circulation and examine global weather patterns. Discuss jet stream dynamics jet streams arise because the Coriolis force prevents Hadley-type

More information

23.1 Period and Frequency

23.1 Period and Frequency 23.1 Period and Frequency 23.1 The period of a pendulum is the time it takes to move through one cycle. As the ball on the string is pulled to one side and then let go, the ball moves to the side opposite

More information

Meteorology. Circle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer

Meteorology. Circle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer Chapter 7 Worksheet 2 Meteorology Name: Circle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer 1) Which of the following factors contributes to the general subsidence in the latitude zone 20 degrees

More information

Zonal (East-West) Currents. Wind-Driven Ocean Currents. Zonal (East-West) Currents. Meridional (N-S) Currents

Zonal (East-West) Currents. Wind-Driven Ocean Currents. Zonal (East-West) Currents. Meridional (N-S) Currents Wind-Driven Ocean Currents Similarities between winds & surface currents Zonal (East-West) Currents Trade winds push currents westward north & south of the equator Equatorial currents. Up to 100 cm/sec.

More information

Lecture 8. Sound Waves Superposition and Standing Waves

Lecture 8. Sound Waves Superposition and Standing Waves Lecture 8 Sound Waves Superposition and Standing Waves Sound Waves Speed of Sound Waves Intensity of Periodic Sound Waves The Doppler Effect Sound Waves are the most common example of longitudinal waves.

More information

CVEN Computer Applications in Engineering and Construction. Programming Assignment #4 Analysis of Wave Data Using Root-Finding Methods

CVEN Computer Applications in Engineering and Construction. Programming Assignment #4 Analysis of Wave Data Using Root-Finding Methods CVEN 30-501 Computer Applications in Engineering and Construction Programming Assignment #4 Analysis of Wave Data Using Root-Finding Methods Date distributed: 9/30/016 Date due: 10/14/016 at 3:00 PM (electronic

More information

Wave Motion. interference destructive interferecne constructive interference in phase. out of phase standing wave antinodes resonant frequencies

Wave Motion. interference destructive interferecne constructive interference in phase. out of phase standing wave antinodes resonant frequencies Wave Motion Vocabulary mechanical waves pulse continuous periodic wave amplitude period wavelength period wave velocity phase transverse wave longitudinal wave intensity displacement amplitude phase velocity

More information

SURFLINE TEAHUPOO, TAHITI SURF REPORT

SURFLINE TEAHUPOO, TAHITI SURF REPORT SURFLINE TEAHUPOO, TAHITI SURF REPORT Historical Analysis of Swell Patterns in April & May, 1997 2009 Prepared for Billabong ~ by Sean Collins, July 2009 Billabong has requested assistance to choose improved

More information

6.1 Introduction to Weather Weather air mass Weather factors Temperature Pressure What is wind? Wind Convection in the atmosphere Thermals thermal

6.1 Introduction to Weather Weather air mass Weather factors Temperature Pressure What is wind? Wind Convection in the atmosphere Thermals thermal 6.1 Introduction to Weather Weather is a term that describes the condition of the atmosphere in terms of temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind, and water. The major energy source for weather events is

More information

Vibrations are the sources of waves. A vibration creates a disturbance in a given medium, that disturbance travels away from the source, carrying

Vibrations are the sources of waves. A vibration creates a disturbance in a given medium, that disturbance travels away from the source, carrying Vibrations are the sources of waves. A vibration creates a disturbance in a given medium, that disturbance travels away from the source, carrying energy with it, we call this traveling disturbance a wave.

More information

INSTRUMENT INSTRUMENTAL ERROR (of full scale) INSTRUMENTAL RESOLUTION. Tutorial simulation. Tutorial simulation

INSTRUMENT INSTRUMENTAL ERROR (of full scale) INSTRUMENTAL RESOLUTION. Tutorial simulation. Tutorial simulation Lab 1 Standing Waves on a String Learning Goals: To distinguish between traveling and standing waves To recognize how the wavelength of a standing wave is measured To recognize the necessary conditions

More information

T. James Noyes, El Camino College Winds Unit (Topic 8A-1) page 1

T. James Noyes, El Camino College Winds Unit (Topic 8A-1) page 1 T. James Noyes, El Camino College Winds Unit (Topic 8A-1) page 1 Name: Section: Winds Unit (3 pts) The Ocean and the Atmosphere We need to learn about the atmosphere, because the ocean and atmosphere are

More information

SURFACE CURRENTS AND TIDES

SURFACE CURRENTS AND TIDES NAME SURFACE CURRENTS AND TIDES I. Origin of surface currents Surface currents arise due to the interaction of the prevailing wis a the ocean surface. Hence the surface wi pattern (Figure 1) plays a key

More information

Chapter 11 Motion. Displacement-. Always includes Shorter than distance

Chapter 11 Motion. Displacement-. Always includes Shorter than distance Chapter 11 Motion Section 1 - an object s change in position relative to a reference point. Observe objects in to other objects. international unit for. Frame of Reference Frame of reference- a system

More information

Synoptic Lab, MET 421, Test 2

Synoptic Lab, MET 421, Test 2 Name Synoptic Lab, MET 421, Test 2 1) For a 15 ms -1 east wind blowing towards Milwaukee a) Calculate the distance to the east shore of Lake Michigan. You can use a distance calculator website such as

More information

2 Characteristics of Waves

2 Characteristics of Waves CHAPTER 15 2 Characteristics of Waves SECTION Waves KEY IDEAS As you read this section, keep these questions in mind: What are some ways to measure and compare waves? How can you calculate the speed of

More information

OCEANOGRAPHY STUDY GUIDE

OCEANOGRAPHY STUDY GUIDE OCEANOGRAPHY STUDY GUIDE Chapter 2 Section 1 1. Most abundant salt in ocean. Sodium chloride; NaCl 2. Amount of Earth covered by Water 71% 3. Four oceans: What are they? Atlantic, Pacific, Arctic, Indian

More information

Waves Physics Waves What is a wave and what does it carry? Types of Waves 1. Transverse

Waves Physics Waves What is a wave and what does it carry? Types of Waves 1. Transverse Waves Physics 20.1 Waves What is a wave and what does it carry? Types of Waves 1. Transverse A transverse wave has its oscillations/vibrations to the direction the wave moves. 2. Longitudinal A longitudinal

More information

How coriolis forces influence turbidity currents.

How coriolis forces influence turbidity currents. How coriolis forces influence turbidity currents. Mathew Wells and Remo Cossu, University of Toronto, Canada nna Wåhlin, Göteborg University, Sweden Jeff Peakall, University of Leeds, UK 1 Questions 1)

More information

A Little Math. Wave speed = wave length/wave period C= L/T. Relationship of Wave Length to Depth of Wave Motion

A Little Math. Wave speed = wave length/wave period C= L/T. Relationship of Wave Length to Depth of Wave Motion Ocean Waves 1 2 1 A Little Math Wave speed = wave length/wave period C= L/T 3 Relationship of Wave Length to Depth of Wave Motion 4 2 Motion of Water as Wave Passes Water in the crest of the wave move

More information

A Hare-Lynx Simulation Model

A Hare-Lynx Simulation Model 1 A Hare- Simulation Model What happens to the numbers of hares and lynx when the core of the system is like this? Hares O Balance? S H_Births Hares H_Fertility Area KillsPerHead Fertility Births Figure

More information

Observing Waves, Their Properties, and Relationships

Observing Waves, Their Properties, and Relationships Observing Waves, Their Properties, and Relationships Part I: Setting Up the Activity 1. Refer to the material list for materials needed. 2. To successfully conduct this activity, you will need an area

More information

Clockwise Phase Propagation of Semi-Diurnal Tides in the Gulf of Thailand

Clockwise Phase Propagation of Semi-Diurnal Tides in the Gulf of Thailand Journal of Oceanography, Vol. 54, pp. 143 to 150. 1998 Clockwise Phase Propagation of Semi-Diurnal Tides in the Gulf of Thailand TETSUO YANAGI 1 and TOSHIYUKI TAKAO 2 1 Research Institute for Applied Mechanics,

More information

Physics Fall Mechanics, Thermodynamics, Waves, Fluids. Lecture 37: Wave motion II. Slide 37-1

Physics Fall Mechanics, Thermodynamics, Waves, Fluids. Lecture 37: Wave motion II. Slide 37-1 Physics 1501 Fall 2008 Mechanics, Thermodynamics, Waves, Fluids Lecture 37: Wave motion II Slide 37-1 Recap: properties of waves Wavelength λ is the distance over which a wave repeats in space. Period

More information

PHY 221: Wavefunction, Wave Superposition, Standing Waves on a String

PHY 221: Wavefunction, Wave Superposition, Standing Waves on a String PHY 221: Wavefunction, Wave Superposition, Standing Waves on a String Objective Write a mathematical function to describe the wave. Describe a transverse wave and a longitudinal wave. Describe frequency,

More information

ATS 351, Spring 2009 Week 10, Lab #8 due April 2 nd What Makes the Wind Blow? - 60 points Please show your work for calculations.

ATS 351, Spring 2009 Week 10, Lab #8 due April 2 nd What Makes the Wind Blow? - 60 points Please show your work for calculations. ATS 351, Spring 2009 Week 10, Lab #8 due April 2 nd What Makes the Wind Blow? - 60 points Please show your work for calculations. Question #1: Sea Level Pressure (10 points) a) (4 points) How does sea-level

More information

PUV Wave Directional Spectra How PUV Wave Analysis Works

PUV Wave Directional Spectra How PUV Wave Analysis Works PUV Wave Directional Spectra How PUV Wave Analysis Works Introduction The PUV method works by comparing velocity and pressure time series. Figure 1 shows that pressure and velocity (in the direction of

More information

DEVIL PHYSICS THE BADDEST CLASS ON CAMPUS AP PHYSICS

DEVIL PHYSICS THE BADDEST CLASS ON CAMPUS AP PHYSICS DEVIL PHYSICS THE BADDEST CLASS ON CAMPUS AP PHYSICS LSN 11-7: WAVE MOTION LSN 11-8: TYPES OF WAVES; LONGITUDINAL AND TRANSVERSE LSN 11-9: ENERGY TRANSPORTED BY WAVES Physics of Waves Questions From Reading

More information

3/6/2001 Fig. 6-1, p.142

3/6/2001 Fig. 6-1, p.142 First GOES 11 image http://visible earth.nasa.g ov/view_rec. php?id=190 Air-born dust from the Sahara Desert, Feb. 2001 Fig. 6-CO, p.140 dust from China over Japan. 3/5/2001 FIGURE 6.1 A model of the atmosphere

More information

15815 Super Spring - Student

15815 Super Spring - Student Accessories Needed, Not Included: PURPOSE 15815 Super Spring - Student Required Accessories: string (2 to 4 meters needed) C-clamp (or any other fixed clamp on a bench) Stopwatch masking tape or labels

More information

Earth s Atmosphere. Air Currents

Earth s Atmosphere. Air Currents CHAPTER 12 Earth s Atmosphere LESSON 3 Air Currents What do you think? Read the two statements below and decide whether you agree or disagree with them. Place an A in the Before column if you agree with

More information

Atmosphere & Weather. Earth Science

Atmosphere & Weather. Earth Science Atmosphere & Weather Earth Science Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere Earth s energy is provided by the SUN! Energy is important to us because it 1. Drives winds and ocean currents. 2. Allows plants to

More information

3 Global Winds and Local Winds

3 Global Winds and Local Winds CHAPTER 1 3 Global Winds and Local Winds SECTION The Atmosphere BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What causes wind? What is the Coriolis effect?

More information

Ocean Motion Notes. Chapter 13 & 14

Ocean Motion Notes. Chapter 13 & 14 Ocean Motion Notes Chapter 13 & 14 What is a Wave? Wave: movement of energy through a body of water How are Waves Caused? Caused mostly by wind Wind blowing on the water transmits energy to the water Size

More information

Atmosphere, Ocean and Climate Dynamics Fall 2008

Atmosphere, Ocean and Climate Dynamics Fall 2008 MIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.edu 12.003 Atmosphere, Ocean and Climate Dynamics Fall 2008 For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms. Problem

More information

1 2 http://ds.data.jma.go.jp/tcc/tcc/index.html http://ds.data.jma.go.jp/tcc/tcc/index.html Climate in Japan World Climate Extratropics Tropics Oceanograhpic conditions World Climate Page 2 Extratropics

More information

Isaac Newton ( )

Isaac Newton ( ) Introduction to Climatology GEOGRAPHY 300 Isaac Newton (1642-1727) Tom Giambelluca University of Hawai i at Mānoa Atmospheric Pressure, Wind, and The General Circulation Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia

More information

APPENDIX B NOAA DROUGHT ANALYSIS 29 OCTOBER 2007

APPENDIX B NOAA DROUGHT ANALYSIS 29 OCTOBER 2007 APPENDIX B NOAA DROUGHT ANALYSIS 29 OCTOBER 2007 ENSO Cycle: Recent Evolution, Current Status and Predictions Update prepared by Climate Prediction Center / NCEP October 29, 2007 Outline Overview Recent

More information

Unit 10 Waves Review Section 1: Know the definitions and/or concepts of the following:

Unit 10 Waves Review Section 1: Know the definitions and/or concepts of the following: Name Date Period Unit 10 Waves Review Section 1: Know the definitions and/or concepts of the following: diffraction: frequency: reflection: longitudinal wave: refraction: transverse wave: amplitude: electromagnetic

More information

INTRODUCTION TO WAVES. Dr. Watchara Liewrian

INTRODUCTION TO WAVES. Dr. Watchara Liewrian INTRODUCTION TO WAVES Dr. Watchara Liewrian What are Waves? Rhythmic disturbances that carry energy without carrying matter Types of Waves Mechanical Waves need matter (or medium) to transfer energy A

More information

Full Name: Class: Period: Date:

Full Name: Class: Period: Date: Topic/Objective: Essential Question: Full Name: Class: Period: Date: Tutor Use Only: Air Pressure and Wind (Chapter 19) Air Pressure the weight of the atmosphere pushing down on the Earth exerting a force

More information

Surf Clams: Latitude & Growth

Surf Clams: Latitude & Growth Surf Clams: Latitude & Growth East Coast MARE Materials For the leader: Projector Whiteboard to project data graph onto For the activity: Copy of data table Copy of map Computer program to graph in or

More information

Exercises Vibration of a Pendulum (page 491) 25.2 Wave Description (pages ) 25.3 Wave Motion (pages )

Exercises Vibration of a Pendulum (page 491) 25.2 Wave Description (pages ) 25.3 Wave Motion (pages ) Exercises 25.1 Vibration of a Pendulum (page 491) 1. The time it takes for one back-and-forth motion of a pendulum is called the. 2. List the two things that determine the period of a pendulum. 3. Circle

More information

Chapter 11 Tides. A tidal bore is formed when a tide arrives to an enclosed river mouth. This is a forced wave that breaks.

Chapter 11 Tides. A tidal bore is formed when a tide arrives to an enclosed river mouth. This is a forced wave that breaks. Chapter 11 Tides A tidal bore is formed when a tide arrives to an enclosed river mouth. This is a forced wave that breaks. Tidal range can be very large Tide - rhythmic oscillation of the ocean surface

More information

OCN201 Spring14 1. Name: Class: Date: True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

OCN201 Spring14 1. Name: Class: Date: True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. Name: Class: _ Date: _ OCN201 Spring14 1 True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. 1. Short residence time elements are uniformly distributed in the oceans 2. Thermohaline circulation

More information

The Monsoon and Its Variability Prof. Sulochana Gadgil Centre for Atmospheric & Oceanic Sciences Indian Institute of Science Bangalore

The Monsoon and Its Variability Prof. Sulochana Gadgil Centre for Atmospheric & Oceanic Sciences Indian Institute of Science Bangalore The Monsoon and Its Variability Prof. Sulochana Gadgil Centre for Atmospheric & Oceanic Sciences Indian Institute of Science Bangalore Lecture - 04 Background about the Atmosphere and Rotating Systems

More information

WAVE MOTION. Let's start with an intuition-building exercise that deals with waves in matter, since

WAVE MOTION. Let's start with an intuition-building exercise that deals with waves in matter, since WAVE MOTION Let's start with an intuition-building exercise that deals with waves in matter, since they're easier than light waves to get your hands on. Put your fingertip in the middle of a cup of water

More information

An experimental study of internal wave generation through evanescent regions

An experimental study of internal wave generation through evanescent regions An experimental study of internal wave generation through evanescent regions Allison Lee, Julie Crockett Department of Mechanical Engineering Brigham Young University Abstract Internal waves are a complex

More information

Chapter 9: Circulation of the Ocean

Chapter 9: Circulation of the Ocean Chapter 9: Circulation of the Ocean Tropical gardens on Britain s Scilly Isles. Only 48 kilometers (30 miles) off the coast of Cornwall at 50 N, these scenic islands lie in the path of the warm waters

More information

Air Pressure and Wind. Goal: Explain the formation of wind based on differences in air pressure

Air Pressure and Wind. Goal: Explain the formation of wind based on differences in air pressure Air Pressure and Wind Goal: Explain the formation of wind based on differences in air pressure What is Air Pressure? Reminder: Air pressure is thickest near Earth s surface and becomes thinner as we move

More information

Cover Sheet-Block 6 Wave Properties

Cover Sheet-Block 6 Wave Properties Cover Sheet-Block 6 Wave Properties Name Standards-Physics 4 a b c d 4a. Students know waves carry energy from one place to another. 4. b. Students know how to identify transverse and longitudinal waves

More information

Navigate to the golf data folder and make it your working directory. Load the data by typing

Navigate to the golf data folder and make it your working directory. Load the data by typing Golf Analysis 1.1 Introduction In a round, golfers have a number of choices to make. For a particular shot, is it better to use the longest club available to try to reach the green, or would it be better

More information

Shedding Light on Motion Episode 4: Graphing Motion

Shedding Light on Motion Episode 4: Graphing Motion Shedding Light on Motion Episode 4: Graphing Motion In a 100-metre sprint, when do athletes reach their highest speed? When do they accelerate at the highest rate and at what point, if any, do they stop

More information