Physical oceanography in the Gulf of Guinea

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1 Physical oceanography in the Gulf of Guinea PLAN 1. Recalls & scientific context 2. International & regional programs and main goals of EGEE/AMMA, PIRATA & TACE 3. What is RIPIECSA and goals of RIPIECSA-Ocean (this presentation) 4. Goals and discussions about RIPIECSA-Ocean

2 Recalls on FSP-RIPIECSA: FSP: Fonds de Solidarité Prioritaire RIPIECSA: Recherche interdisciplinaire et participative sur les interactions entre les écosystèmes, le climat et les sociétés d Afrique de l Ouest. Funded by the French Foreign Ministry (Ministère des Affaires Etrangères: MAE) through AIRD (Agence française Inter-organismes de Recherche pour le Développement). 3 years program: kinds of programs: 1) continuation and maintenance of observation networks in West Africa (already initiated with AMMA) for climate studies and predictability. Launched in May funded over 16 proposed. 2) adaptation of societies (all aspects) to climate changes. Launched in November 2007.

3 History of this Ripiecsa/Ocean project (1/2): Many earlier collaborations between IRD physical oceanographers & West African scientists (eg Ivory Coast: CRO & LAPA; Senegal: CRODT & LPAO; Nigeria: NIOMR), during CITHER (1990s), EQUALANT ( ), PIRATA (1997-) & EGEE (2003-) programs and cruises - 1st step: Dakar international AMMA conference (December 2005); scientists from african laboratories who participated to EGEE cruises and that contributed to their success (eg for clearances in the EEZ, helps for adminitrative tasks -eg port of Cotonou-, installation of autonomous thermometers in Cotonou ) were invited. Decision taken to proceed to a regional data inventory, first step before a regional scientific proposal. -2 nd step: 1st «IRD internal» proposal («toward a regional program of oceanography in West Africa linked to EGEE/AMMA») by B.Bourlès submitted to LEGOS and IRD (January 2006), supported by LEGOS and IRD.

4 History of this Ripiecsa/Ocean project (2/2): - 3rd step: Toulouse AMMA SOP meeting (November 2006) : Final version of the document about regional data inventory => decision taken by the present partners (Benin, Togo, Nigeria, Ivory Coast, and France) to think about a scientific proposal. - 4th step: 1st FSP-Ripiecsa congress in Bamako (Mali; January 2007), where A. B. Blivi (Togo) & B. Bourlès (France attended to present the proposal context & goals. - 5th step: Submission of the project to FSP-Ripiecsa in April => This program is one of the 6 funded in May 2007, up to 123k (153k asked).

5 Program PIs: Ayayi K. ARMAH (DOF, Ghana) Adoté B. BLIVI (CGILE, Togo) Bernard BOURLES (IRD/LEGOS, France) Roger DJIMAN (CRHOB, Benin), program main coordinator Regina FOLORUNSHO (NIOMR, Nigeria) Claude MAHAN (CRO, Ivory Coast) Delfin OCHOU & Angora AMAN (LAPA, Ivory Coast)

6 Scientific context: 1) key words: African Monsoon, Gulf of Guinea, Climate changes, Ressources, Coastal environment. 2) Ongoing international programs: - AMMA (African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis) & EGEE, - PIRATA (Pilot Research Moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic) - CLIVAR/TACE (Tropical Atlantic Climate Experiment), - ODINAFRICA (Ocean Data and Information Network for Africa) - GOOS/AFRICA (Global Ocean Observations System) - GCLME (Guinea Current Large Marine Ecosystem)

7 Scientific context: 3) Sea Surface Temperature & coastal upwelling (a): February 2000 August 2000 Coastal Upwelling June 15, 2005 June 15, 2006 June 15, 2007

8 Monsoon ~ Seasonal response to Ocean- Continent thermal differences in the Tropics Winter: weak thermal diff. High sea surf. temp. Ocean Summer: High thermal diff. Ocean Warm & humid air Low sea surf. temp. in upwelling areas Continent Rain Continent over heated

9 Scientific context: 3) Sea Surface Temperature & coastal upwelling (b): => sea surface temperature in the Gulf of Guinea varies at seasonal and interannual time scales, and thus may have a strong impact on climate (West African monsoon onset and intensity), precipitation (water resources), and fisheries. => Needs for more data and studies on coastal upwelling variability and its impacts!

10 Example of existing data: open ocean measurements 1) AMMA / EGEE cruises in the Gulf of Guinea: EGEE 3, 24 Mai 6 Juillet, 2006 Stations CTD 4 o N XBT XCTD 6 cruises: - June-July 2005, 2006 & September 2005, November 2006, September 2007 Currents (surface-500m), Surface temperature & salinity, profiles of currents, temperature, salinity (surface-1000m), Profilers and drifters deployment, sea water samplings 0 o 4 o S 8 o S PIRATA mooring 12 o S 15 o W 10 o W 5 o W 0 o 5 o E 10 o E 15 o E 2) PIRATA meteo-ocean buoys: Daily satellite transmission of meteo and ocean data (from 1997) 3) ARGO profilers (T & S from surface to 2000m every 10 days): 4) Surface drifting buoys (SVP, NOAA/USA) Daily transmission of temperature and position (=> surface currents)

11 Preliminar important remarks : - Many oceanographic free data already exist in the Gulf of Guinea, but: - not known or easily accessible (need internet access) - needs for coastal measurements to complete the open ocean observations. - Many african laboratories dedicated to oceanography often too isolated and with few people, material means (eg internet access) or fundings.

12 Main goals of the program : Create a network of West African oceanographers in order to favor efficient collaborations and common works; Define priorities for scientific works, useful for each coastal countries and the scientific community; Building a common regional data base for these purposes; Maintain (autonomously) a network of coastal high quality measurements (already initiated in the framework of EGEE/AMMA) ; Reinforce the formation and the local capacities (link with universities).

13 The coastal Ripiecsa network: 1) Autonomous thermometers : To be installed Already installed + 2) autonomous salinometer in Togo planed + 3) meteorological station in Togo (Kpémé?) to be checked and also in Sao Tome (Egee) (maybe others?)

14 Contribution to the TACE PIRATA EGEE/AMMA observing network Ripiecsa Ocean coastal network Plan for a glider section by IRD, in 2009 (not funded yet!).

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