Stars and Compass Trophy and Novice Paper 2014!

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1 Stars and Compass Trophy and Novice Paper 2014 The Stars and Compass Trophy was established to promote the use and development of traditional navigation skills. This year, in a bid to encourage novice navigators we have created a new NOVICE Award that will be awarded for the best performance in Part A of the Paper by someone that has not previously entered this competition.you can use any resource material you like ( including the internet) to help you find the answers. The whole point of the Novice paper is to encourage you to have a go at increasing your navigation skills and to discover how much fun this can be. The actual Stars and Compass Trophy will be awarded to whoever gets the best combined result for both sections A and B. Novices are welcome to have a go at all or some of the questions in section B. The winners will be announced at the RBYC Presentation Night Friday July 12th Please show ALL steps and copies of chart work used to arrive at your answers. Neatness is essential and hand written papers are fine so long as they are easy to read. Chart 143 was used in setting the paper. Please clearly mark your paper with your name, contact details and if you have previously submitted an entry to the Stars and Compass Trophy competition. Papers need to handed into the RBYC Office by 5 pm Friday the 20th June at the absolute latest and earlier would be greatly appreciated. Model answers to the paper will NOT be provided but you can collect your marked papers from the office after Monday June 30.

2 Section A 1. What is the Buys-Ballots Law and if you were standing at your boats helm steering down wind in a 20 kt southerly wind at RBYC Mark 1, on which side is the centre of the low pressure system? 2. BOM has issued a Gale Warning forecast, what does this mean? 3. What is a rogue wave? 4. What is the significance of a rapidly falling barometric reading? 5. List at least 6 sources of weather forecasts. 6. What is magnetic variation and how to you find out what it is around the area of Fawkner Beacon, Port Phillip Bay? 7. What is the most commonly used geodetic datum in Australia? 8. Define latitude and longitude. 9. How do you determine these for a particular location? 10.What is a knot? 11.What is a cable? 12.How many km in a nautical mile? 13.How many degrees is SSE? 14.What is compass deviation and what can cause it? 15.What is a deviation card? 16.What are Spring tides? 17.Define Tidal Range and how it will be affected by Neap tides.

3 18.Define Chart datum and what is it for Port Phillip Bay. 19.What do these abbreviations stand for MHWN, MHWS,MLWN,MLWS? 20.What is Depth of Water as shown on your boats depth sounder? 21.In a boat with a 2m draft and depth sounder calibrated to the bottom of the keel exactly how do you work out the Height of Tide of your current position? 22.What is the height of a Light house referenced to? 23.What is the clearance of a bridge referenced to? 24.What is a yachts air draft? 25.What is the effect of strong wind against tidal flow? 26.Give an example of this in Port Phillip Bay 27.Assuming you have No GPS and negligible tide how can you reckon your approximate position if you know your compass course steered and can refer to your boats log and have a working watch? How do you work out what speed you have been travelling at? 28.Give a chart example starting at Lat. 37 deg 56.9 and Long. 144 deg 55.6 What is this marker, what is it s light sequence and what do these abbreviations mean? 29.Using the above starting point and a tidal flow of 2kts 090T and a strong westerly wind leeway effect of 5 deg and negligible deviation, calculate you EP after 1hour of sailing at 6 knots.

4 30.Draw the symbol for all these following nautical chart items; Port Hand Buoy 31. Starboard Hand Buoy 32. Water Tower 33. Light-house 34. Large chimney 35. Rocky areas 36. Cliffs 37. An area that dries out at low tide 38. Church with a spire 39.A racing mark, water ski area, oceanographic buoy 40. West cardinal marker and its light sequence 41. Rock awash at chart datum 42. Dangerous underwater rock of unknown depth 43. Dangerous underwater rock at a known depth of 4m 44.Over falls,rips, races 45.Wreck, depth unknown, no danger to navigation 46. Marine farm 47. Anchoring prohibited 48. Drying and depth contours 49. Kelp 50. Wreck showing any point at level of chart datum 51. Blue 52. Sand 53. Very quick flashing light 54.West, white 55. Safe water mark and its light sequence 56. Group of 2 occulting 57. Fixed ( light ) 58.Single flashing ( light) 59. Vertical clearance of 15m above High Water 60. Direction of buoyage 61. Major light 62. Isolated danger mark and its light sequence 63. metres 64. Miles 65. Mud 66.Symbols for chart plotting workings; EP ( estimated position ) 67. FIX position 68. Water track and ground track and tidal stream

5 69.What is the definition of a sea wave vs a swell wave and their heights? 70.What is HAT? 71.What height is HAT at Port Phillip Heads (Pt. Lonsdale) 72.When referenced to the Pt Ph Heads, what is the time difference of the Western Channel Pile and its average rise of tide for MHWS? 73.What is the standard port used for Western Port Bay tidal information? 74.What is the time difference between the above port and the Fairway Buoy at the entrance to WP Bay and it average rise of tide for MHWS? 75.What is the Rule of twelfths? 76.Draw one diagram that depicts and relates the following:height of MHWS, height of tide, MLWS,MHWS, drying height, charted depth, chart datum, charted height of light, depth showing on boats depth sounderwhat is GPS? 77.List its advantages. 78.List its disadvantages. 79.What advice would you give a newcomer to navigation with regard to including a Gps in best practice navigation 80.Define the following abbreviated terms COG,SOG,DTW,BTW,XTE,ETA. 81.What is HDoP? and is a lower or higher value preferable 82.What is the best spot on a boat to site a Gps antenna and what common problem may be encountered with this?

6 83.What is a Vector type electronic chart and give a commonly used example? 84.What is AIS? 85.When steering to stay on course using leads, which one do you steer to? 86.Under what conditions do sea breezes to develop? Why? 87.How can you tell if a risk of collision exists when in sight of an approaching vessel? 88.Place the following vessels in order of priority given to them by the COLREGS;fishing vessel, sailing vessel, vessel constrained by draught,power driven vessel. 89.At dusk the skipper of a sailing yacht incorrectly switches on the Mast head tricolour, the steaming light, side navigation lights, stern light, so to make the yacht as visible as possible. Define and describe the features of each of these lights and the circumstances for their correct use. 90.Give 4 situations when a sailing vessel on starboard tack would be the give way vessel. 91.What is the sound signal appropriate for : a sailing vessel making way in heavy fog, a 12 m yacht at anchor, a commercial vessel that is concerned re the proximity of a small vessel. 92.List 6 Distress signals. 93.List day shapes and night lights required for the following ; sailing vessel under power, fishing trawler, normal fishing vessel, vessel at anchor, large container ship in narrow channel

7 Section B Question 1. In the north end of Port Phillip Bay you take a 3 point fix and find the hand held compass readings are: Point Ormond deg, Fawkner Beacon deg, Altona Refining Tower deg. Where are you? Give the Lat/ Long of your position. From here you decide that you want a coffee at a restaurant near a Light house in Port Melbourne marked on the Chart FL. 5s 20M, ISO.WRG.15M&F.Bu.8M. What do these abbreviations mean? Assuming 3 knots boat speed, nil deviation, 2 knots of tide 090 deg T, what is your course to steer?? Explain and show workings for each step. The breeze is gentle so you turn on your engine to supplement the drive from your sails. What day shape should you display?

8 Section B Question 2. On Sunday the 2 nd Feb, 2014, you plan to sail to Queenscliff Harbour Marina where after docking your boat in a friends borrowed pen you will enjoy a morning walk to be followed by a lovely lunch at a restaurant with your crew and friends.after this you aim to leave and enjoy a night sail to Apollo Bay. After checking your charts you notice that the entrance to the area of the borrowed pen has a charted depth of 1.5m.Your boat had a draft of 2m and you wish to allow a safety margin of 0.2m under your keel. The Marina is fully booked on this day so you have no choice but to try for the above pen. Using the Standard Tidal Curve supplied calculate The earliest time of arrival so to safely enter the area, without hitting the bottom. The latest time of departure. The expected currents in the Queenscliff Cut at the above calculated times. What other consideration should you make in planning your exit time from the harbour? As you stumble out of the restaurant at 4.30 pm you notice that the wind has unexpectedly markedly strengthened to a 30 knot southwesterly. What conditions might you experience at the Rip if you continue? What about if you left 3 hours later? Would you change your plans? If you decide to stay and leave the next day what is the earliest time you could exit the pen in full daylight after a good sleep in. What time could you safely exit if you leave very early next morning?

9 Section B Question 3. After leaving Queenscliff, you sail up a channel in an almost northerly direction for approximately 1 hour and then you arrive at a big structure noted on the charts to have the light sequence FL.WR.6s14/11M. What do these abbreviations mean? Where are you? Give its name and lat / long. As the sailing conditions are great you decide to head for Martha Cove Marina and as your engine is overheating a little you want to sail as much as possible. You have a stiff 20 knot breeze blowing very steadily from due east so the best course you can hold is 45 deg. to the wind.you estimate a leeway of 5 deg. and the super spring tides are causing a current of 2 knots 045deg M. Your ships compass has been beautifully balanced so you can ignore deviation. What tack should you choose first and why? You plan to continue on the chosen tack for 1 hour. Where will you be then? (ie predict your estimated position after 1hour ) What do you predict your SOG to be over that hour? After the planned 1hour of sailing you note the time to be 1200 hours and you tack again, sailing close on the wind as before with the same wind and current conditions as above. What is your course to steer for a safe approach to Martha Cove and what is your ETA at the Marina?

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