Answer in your notes:

Transcription

1 Hail, Dew, Frost Answer in your notes: 1. Starting with water at ground level, describe in your own words how a cloud forms. Include the energy flow that occurs at each stage. 2. Starting with evaporation at or near Earth s surface, list the changes of state (solid, liquid, gas) that occur in order to form (a) dew, (b) frost, (c) drizzle, (d) snow, and (e) ice pellets. 3. When a jet aircraft flies high overhead on a clear day, you can see a cloud like trail, called a contrail, in its path. Suggest a reason for this development. Questions 1

2 Winds Wind is a movement of air in the atmosphere. Some winds are local or regional (they occur in a fairly small area), while others are major winds patterns (covering much larger areas). Winds that affect large areas of the planet are called prevailing winds. They affect weather and climate globally. Prevailing winds are caused by a combination of convection currents and Earth's rotation. 5. Prevailing Winds Convection in Air: moves heat energy from the equator toward the poles. Convection in Air 2

3 No Rotation: Rotation: Convection causes air warmed at the equator to rise and flow up and toward the poles. Cool air rushes in along the surface from the poles toward the equator to replace the warm air that rose up. Because Earth rotates (day/night), the wind is deflected off course (twisted). This is called the Coriolis Effect. >If Earth didn't rotate, we'd only experience wind blowing from the poles to the equator. 3. Earth's Rotation Winds: Pressure Difference Low pressure when air rises >Fewer air particles Weather: High Pressure when air falls >More air particles Weather: Matter always flows from areas of high to low pressure. This is why we get convection currents cool air is drawn back along the surface toward areas of lower pressure, where it gets heated. 5. Prevailing Winds 3

4 2.0 Weather Dynamics Class Notes Fall 2016 Part 2.notebook Air Currents The jet stream is a strong wind current that flows in the upper atmosphere due to pressure differences made by convection. 4. Jet Stream 4

5 2.0 Weather Dynamics Class Notes Fall 2016 Part 2.notebook Thin Atmosphere p.519 #1 4 p. 519 #1 4 5

6 The Hydrosphere Earth's surface is 70% water Most is found in the oceans & is salty The Hydrosphere The Hydrosphere Water Resources 6

7 ASAP Science What If All the Ice Melted? (6m) Major Ocean Currents Textbook Section 13.9 Water Currents Ocean Layers & Convection 6. Ocean Currents 7

8 Land Masses Low albedo: absorb energy, dark surfaces (forests, oceans, etc) High albedo: reflect energy, light surfaces (sand, ice, & snow). Land has low heat capacity: doesn't take much energy to heat/cool it, but it doesn't hold it well. (Poor heat sink). Energy is transferred through landmasses by conduction. Energy in Land Sea & Land Breezes 8

9 2.0 Weather Dynamics Class Notes Fall 2016 Part 2.notebook Lake Effect Snow Land Masses: Orographic Lifting Orographic Lifting 9

10 Orographic Clouds Land Masses: Orographic Lifting Orographic Lifting 10

11 Chinook Winds Land Masses: Relief Moutains & Valleys 11

12 Tornado Alley Weather Maps 12

13 North Am Trends Important Details: The boundary at which the temperature of an air mass changes is called a front. When fronts meet, we often see precipitation. Rising air creates an area of clouds and low pressure. Falling air creates an area of clear skies and high pressure. Weather Systems 13

14 Weather Map Meteorology Assignment: 14.3 Case Study 3 Days of Canadian Weather In a group of 3 or 4, read through the 2 introductory paragraphs Examine the weather maps provided, and answer the questions labelled (a) to (k) on paper to the best of your ability. Then answer p. 552 #1 3. (below) 14.3 Meteorology Case Study 14

15 Weather Factors Quick Write & Quiz: How do the 5 weather factors influence global weather? LATITUDE OCEANS WIND/AIR WATER CYCLE LANDMASSES Quick Write 15