3.1 (Read section 3.1), starts p.80

Transcription

1 3.1 (Read section 3.1), starts p.80 Write down these definitions in your notes as you find them when you read: Climate Convection specific heat capacity weather Then turn to p 87 READING CHECK and answer Q 2, 3, 4.

2 Weather: Weather is the short-term conditions in the atmosphere at a specific place and time. PEI: winter of 2015

3 Weather can be described in terms of several measures. What are they? They are: Precipitation Temperature Wind speed and direction Air pressure

4 Climate: Climate describes weather conditions for a particular region averaged over a long period of time, about 30 years

5 Explain the difference between climate and weather? Weather describes the short-term conditions in the atmosphere at a specific place and time. Climate describes weather conditions for a particular region averaged over a long period of time, about 30 years. (What do you notice about this answer?)

6 Define Specific Heat Capacity Specific Heat Capacity: The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of a specific amount of a substance by 1.0 degrees celsius.

7 Water has a high heat capacity. What does that mean? Water has the highest specific heat capacity of any liquid, which means that it takes a large amount of heat (energy) to increase its temperature by a small amount. Water s specific heat capacity also means that it releases heat slowly.

8 Heat Capacity Specific Heat Capacity Heat Energy Supplied Rise in Temperature Heat Energy Supplied Rise in Temperature 1 of 1 g Heat Capacity Specific Heat Capacity

9 COMPARISON EXAMPLE: Water has to absorb Joules of heat for the temperature of one gram of water to increase 1 degree celsius ( C). sensor For comparison, it only takes Joules of heat to raise 1 gram of copper 1 C

10 IMPORTANT: Water has a high specific heat capacity, so... it takes a lot of heat to increase the temperature of water a small amount. it releases heat slowly...takes long time to cool down.

11 What does specific heat capacity have to do with the effect of oceans on climate and weather? Oceans can store large amounts of heat. Currents will transfer this heat to other parts of the world. large bodies of water act as heat reservoirs in the winter by remaining warmer than the land nearby. difference in temperature between the water and land affects the weather systems near the shoreline.

12 What is Convection? (p. 87 Q1) Convection is the process of heat transfer in air. Alexis L

13 How does the transfer of heat create weather? (p. 87 Q2) Sun heats the ocean surface Some heat is transferred to the air above Air over warm ocean water is heated, particles become less dense Air particles reach cooler levels they lose their heat & get closer together Denser cooler air sinks back towards ocean surface Then gets reheated the cycle starts again This process is called Convection (The heat transfer causes weather as the air constantly moves up and down as winds blow it from place to place)

14 What causes El Nino? (p. 87 Q3) El Niño is caused by the decline in trade winds over several months. This event causes warm water to stay in place, and prevents colder water from upwelling.

15 After a strong El Nino winter.nasa satellite data El Nino simulation by NASA Winter 2015 saw an extremely strong El Niño event, in which warmer-than-normal water sloshed toward the eastern Pacific Ocean. Historically, some of the larger El Niño events are followed by a La Niña event, in which deep, colder-than-normal water surfaces in the eastern Pacific Ocean, off the coast of South America Read more at:

16 What causes La Nina? La Nina is the positive phase of the El Nino. La Nina is associated with cooler-than-average sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. (La Niña is the opposite of El Niño; the trade winds increase causing continuous upwellings of cooler water.) (p. 87 Q4)

17 Draw a picture: Oceans and Climate: Due to OCEAN WATER s high heat capacity: Oceans stay warmer through the fall and into winter than land masses. Oceans remain cooler through spring and into summer. Fall/winter: Spring/summer:

18 How does a cold current moderate summer temperatures on land? cold currents moderate summer temperatures on land by drawing heat from the air. cold currents flow from the Arctic and Antarctic regions. Ex: the Labrador Current flows south from Baffin Bay along the east coast of Labrador and Newfoundland (see Figure 3.1). This cold current moderates the summer temperatures in NF, keeping the days cool. The island of Newfoundland has an average summer temperatureof 16 C (61 F), this pic taken in JULY.

19 How does a warm current moderate winter temperatures on land? Warm currents moderate winter land temperatures by transferring heat to the air. Warm currents flow from the equator, Ex:On the west coast of Canada, a warm current flows northwards from California, resulting in mild, but wet winters. Victoria, BC in January