Lab Report. Objectives:

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Lab Report. Objectives:"

Transcription

1 Lab Report Introduction: Aerodynamics is the study of forces and motion of objects that fly/move through the air. Studying aerodynamics allows us to measure the forces of lift and drag. Lift allows an aircraft go against gravity and drag is the resistance and aircraft feels as it moves/fly s through the air. Everything that moves in the air, including birds, is affected by aerodynamics. [1] Planes that push a lot of air are said to have a lot of drag as it drags the air in the direction it is going. If you want the plane to fly far, the drag should be minimal. The second force that you have to overcome in order for the plane to fly properly is gravity. Since gravity is pulling every weight to the center of the earth, minimum weight would be the best possible solution of this force. The third factor that affects the plane s flight is the thrust. The thrust is the forward movement of the plane. The fourth factor is Lift. Lift comes into the scenario when the air below the airplane wing is pushing up harder that the air that is pushing down. The difference in pressure is what enables the plane to fly and fly faster. The wings of a plane are curved a bit so that air moves over the wings quickly enabling it to move more quickly. When these four forces are in balance, long and faster flights are accomplished. [2] Speed is the rate at which someone or something is able to move or operate. There are six factors that affect speed; Friction, Force, Gravity, Acceleration, Velocity and Weight. Friction affects speed by retarding it, or slowing it down. Force affects speed by slowing it down or making it fast. When a boat is pushed from behind it goes faster than it would normally, when a boat is pulled it slows down. Gravity, similarly can also slow down or fasten an object. When an object is moving in the direction of gravity, it accelerates. When an object is not moving, gravity will pull it towards itself. When an object acts against gravity, is slows down as there is force pulling it back while it is advancing forward. Acceleration, by definition, means a change in velocity, which is a change in speed therefore it can slow down an object or make is move faster. Mass/weight also affects speed as heavier the object, the slower it moves. If you want to increase speed it is better to lessen the weight. But at some times when the weight is heavy to make a firm/ strong structure then the speed is faster than that of a lighter plane Objectives: - To prove that doubling the layer of the wings makes the wings stiffer and improves it aerodynamics - To prove that multiple layers will make the plane fly faster and straighter - To prove that narrower wings make the plane fly faster. - To discover the factors that affect Speed - To prove that a heavier plane that could split its weight in the wings is faster than a light plane Hypotheses: - If we make the wings of the airplane thicker, then the plane will fly faster because it improves its aerodynamics

2 - If we make the wing of the airplane narrower, then the plane will fly faster because it lessens the weight and also makes the drag minimum. Materials: 1. 2 A4 papers 2. Plastic Lid 3. Stapler 4. A meter ruler 5. Stop watch 6. Scissors 7. Rubber band Procedure: The procedure is split into three parts; How to make the paper airplanes, How to make the launcher and how to conduct the experiment. Paper Airplanes:

3 Steps for airplane 2 are as the following: These are the steps for Airplane Number 1.

4 Launcher: Take a plastic lid and cut a hook shape. Attach this hook to the bottom of the plane where we hold it. This is the first Airplane. The plastic was stapled to the plane. The second plane would look something like this:

5 Experiment Procedure: 1. A rubber band was put into the hook on Airplane The rubber band was pulled back and the airplane was released. 3. Results were recorded in distance and time. 4. Steps 1-3 were repeated three times 5. A rubber band was put into the hook on Airplane The rubber band was pulled back and the airplane was released. 7. Results were recorded in distance and time. 8. Steps 5-7 were repeated three times. Variables: Constant: Materials, Force, Average Distance (data analysis) Manipulated: Narrower wings in second model Responding: Time, Speed (after calculations), factors of Speed Data Analysis: Airplane1 Length: 30 cm Mass g Wingspan: 11.9 cm Airplane 2 Length: 23 cm Mass: 6.23 g Wingspan: 11 cm Airplane 1 Distance Time Speed Trial 1 4 m s m/s Trial m s m/s Trial m s m/s Airplane 2 Distance Time Speed Trial m s m/s Trial m s m/s Trial m s m/s On Average: Model Distance Time Speed Airplane 1 1m 1s m/s Airplane 2 1m 1s m/s

6 8 7 6 This is the graph for the first airplane trial Distance Time Speed 1 0 Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Distance Time Speed This is the graph for the second airplane Airplane 1 Airplane 2 Distance Time Speed On average, per meter, this is the speed. We notice that Airplane 2 takes less than 3 seconds to reach one meter and Airplane 1 takes more than 3.5 seconds. This is because the wings are thicker and narrower letting it cut through the air easier, which increases the Speed. My partner, Edith, and I decided to record the findings in m/s as that is more accurate as it is the proper units used for measuring speed. The first graph shows the results of the first airplane. The first airplane was a simple structure one; it had no extra layer, just a basic airplane. The second airplane was a little more complex than the first one; the wings were thicker and the middle point was not one sharp point, it had three sharp points that could slice

7 through the air to reduce the drag. The first airplane had slower results because none of the factors that could affect speed, by increasing it, were instilled in the plane. It was basic and not put effort into. The second airplane had faster results as factors such as Acceleration, Force, Velocity and Weight affected the speed of the airplane by making it faster. Factors such as gravity and friction were not seen in the experiment. After getting the results the average was taken to see how much the speed would be if the Distance is 1 meter and the Time is 1 second. The Speed of the second airplane is lesser as it overcame the drag and was influenced more by the thrust and lift. When looking at Trial 2 of Airplane and Trial 1 of Airplane 2 (since they have almost similar distances) we see that even though Airplane 2 took longer, its speed was faster due to the weight. Weight slows down an object and this is what happened in this situation. Weight was proved to be a factor that affects the speed of an object. The other two trials showed that the airplane s weight division (in the wings) had taken effect and Airplane 2 was faster than Airplane 1. When averaging the speed Airplane 2 is about 1 m/s quicker than Airplane 1. We used the Speed= Distance/Time formula to find out the speed as we did not have an electronic that would measure the speed. Summary & Conclusion: I feel that mine and Edith s results are quite reliable because we did everything that the process requires us to and also acquired the results that we aimed for. Our objectives were proved right and so was our hypothesis. Since our results were measured manually (meter ruler, stop watch and formulas) they could be wrong to a certain extent. If we got 2.612m/s as our speed that actual speed would just vary between 2 m/s and 3 m/s. This is because formulas are not estimated they are mathematically proven and that is why the whole world uses them. If they were not proven and just a throw-off nobody would use them as proper or close results wouldn t be acquired. Therefore, our values would be trusted but a small change can be present. When the experiment would be conducted by other students they wouldn t get exactly the same results but they would get results that are close by. The distance changes in every situation therefore the only thing we can compare others results to, is the average results and that would be the one that would prove if our results could be trusted or not. I am quite confident with the results as, in my perspective, they show the relationship between the factors that affect an airplanes and this is what was required from the experiment. My data is very valid as it proves everything that has to be proven, it has graphs, figures and words to prove it all right. Personally, I found two human errors one being the method of getting the results and the second being the wind. The method we used was pressing the stopwatch when releasing the airplane and pressing the button when it lands. Human s reflexes are fast but we can miss it by microseconds. To overcome this, the experiment was done three times in order to obtain accuracy. This isn t really a flaw or a fault in the experiment it is just human nature and human psychology that cannot be changed even if you trained to make you reflexes quick. The second error was the wind. We cannot control the wind in a room because air is everywhere and moves depending on the atoms, how they are moving around, how fast or slow the airplane goes is determined based on direction of the wind and how fast the air particles move. There are ways to improve these errors. To improve the reflexes problem, there are two solutions that I could think of, the first being using verbal signals and a

8 speedometer camera. Verbal signals would be asking your partner to hold the stopwatch and you launch the plane, or vice versa, and you tell your partner GO! or something amongst those lines to prepare your partner so the error in microseconds is as minimum as possible. The second error could be improved by choosing a room or an open space with no fan and no air con, or any source that could activate the air particles in getting faster or slower as this varies the results to a great extent. These are the best possible solutions to the problems. I would accept our hypothesis and our objectives. The wings of the airplane get thicker thus, increasing the speed of the plane and taking less time to cover a distance. We also made the wings narrower so that it slices through the air easier than it usually would. This improved our results and gave us the desired results we were experimenting for. Our objectives of this experiment were also fulfilled to an extent that I and my partner understood everything we had to cover. The results we achieved do not only affect us but it also gives a new phase to aspects of the society such as Economics, Environment and Health. It affects economics because if these results and the model design were brought out to public many aviation industries would test them out and see if they could increase their market. All organization/companies are in search of more profit therefore they would do all they can to innovate and construct. This would affect the country s economy as if this airplane model were to be built and released for public usage then the prices will go high. Those who are in emergencies such as important overseas meetings, immediate surgery or even a father going to his child s birthday party which is in the neighboring countries, would benefit highly from this airplane. Where there are benefits there is a high price to pay and the country s economy will boost majorly. The second aspect, Health, is closely related to economy as mentioned above, immediate surgery. In accidents or any diseases that have surgeries/operations that are done in other countries and when the patient is in a critical situation, faster airplanes would be very helpful as it can save a life. No matter what the cost would be, the family or the doctors would do anything to save a life. They are already paying a great expense for surgery, overseas, and then they shouldn t have a problem in paying to have the patient s life saved. The third aspect is Environment; this would definitely be affected due to Air pollution, burning more fossil fuels and Ozone layer depletion. The faster the speed of the plane will be the more carbon dioxide it will release and harm the ozone layer. The ozone layer already has holes and it getting weaker day by day therefore this would initiate the ozone layer into crumpling down by more than it actually would in one day. Global warming is associated with this as well. The burning of fossil fuels (for fuel) will also cause pollution and because of the air being incapable to breath in, the rate of deaths and diseases will rise faster in a country. IB Learner Profile: The IB Learner Profiles that I acquired were Thinker and Reflective. Thinker: I was to think on how to increase the speed of the airplane bearing in mind the factors that affect speed. I and Edith first thought out things we could do that would affect speed and the model of the plane. We modified our design and the speed was affected in the

9 way we wanted it to. I acquired this skill and was very successful, alongside my partner, in this assessment. Reflective: While writing the summary and conclusion of this lab report I was to reflect on the faults and things we could improve in the experiment. I learned to reflect on each method that we had applied and how I could improve them. This skill can help me later on so before I have to specify any human errors I would have already thought and reflected over them and there would be no space for error s in other assessments.

10 Bibliography: 1. "Forces of Flight on This Page." Aerodynamics. NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION, n.d. Web. 9 Sept < 2. "What Makes Airplanes Fly?" What Makes Airplanes Fly? N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Sept <

The Academy of Model Aeronautics ALPHA: Potential Energy Background Information for the Teacher

The Academy of Model Aeronautics ALPHA: Potential Energy Background Information for the Teacher The Academy of Model Aeronautics ALPHA: Potential Energy Background Information for the Teacher When the rubber motor of a model plane is wound it becomes a form of stored potential energy. As the rubber

More information

What happens to a fluid (water or air) when it moves from entering a wide opening to entering a narrow opening?

What happens to a fluid (water or air) when it moves from entering a wide opening to entering a narrow opening? What happens to a fluid (water or air) when it moves from entering a wide opening to entering a narrow opening? The water (or air) speeds up. Since the same amount of water/air has to travel through a

More information

science-u.org How do you launch a rocket without using Air Pressure Rockets Directions You Will Need ESTIMATED TIME Minutes

science-u.org How do you launch a rocket without using Air Pressure Rockets Directions You Will Need ESTIMATED TIME Minutes BEST FOR GRADES 3-6 ESTIMATED TIME 40-60 Minutes You Will Need 1-3 feet of ½ inch PVC pipe (pre-cut into 6, 10 inch sections) 1-3 feet of ¾ inch pipe insulation 2-5 PVC pipe connectors (curved and straight)

More information

The grade 5 English science unit, Speed, meets the academic content standards set in the Korean curriculum, which state students should:

The grade 5 English science unit, Speed, meets the academic content standards set in the Korean curriculum, which state students should: This unit deals with the speed of objects. Speed is a basic concept used to quantify an object s movement, which can be measured by positional changes over time. It is important to express and object s

More information

Flying High. HHJS Science Week Background Information. Forces and Flight

Flying High. HHJS Science Week Background Information. Forces and Flight Flying High HHJS Science Week 2013 Background Information Forces and Flight Flight Background Information Flying is defined as controlled movement through the air. Many things can become airborne but this

More information

Table of Contents. Career Overview... 4

Table of Contents. Career Overview... 4 Table of Contents Career Overview.................................................. 4 Basic Lesson Plans Hot-Air Balloons Activity 1 Your First Hot-Air Balloon.... 5 Activity 2 Surface Area and Volume...

More information

POTENTIAL ENERGY BOUNCE BALL LAB

POTENTIAL ENERGY BOUNCE BALL LAB Energy cannot be created or destroyed. Stored energy is called potential energy, and the energy of motion is called kinetic energy. Potential energy changes as the height of an object changes due to gravity;

More information

The grade 5 English science unit, Speed, meets the academic content standards set in the Korean curriculum, which state students should:

The grade 5 English science unit, Speed, meets the academic content standards set in the Korean curriculum, which state students should: This unit deals with the speed of objects. Speed is a basic concept used to quantify an object s movement, which can be measured by positional changes over time. It is important to express an object s

More information

Acceleration= Force OVER Mass. Design Considerations for Water-Bottle Rockets

Acceleration= Force OVER Mass. Design Considerations for Water-Bottle Rockets Acceleration= Force OVER Mass Design Considerations for Water-Bottle Rockets The next few pages are provided to help in the design of your water-bottle rocket. Read through this packet and answer the questions

More information

Four forces on an airplane

Four forces on an airplane Four forces on an airplane By NASA.gov on 10.12.16 Word Count 824 Level MAX TOP: An airplane pictured on June 30, 2016. Courtesy of Pexels. BOTTOM: Four forces on an airplane. Courtesy of NASA. A force

More information

Helicopter & Launcher

Helicopter & Launcher Helicopter & Launcher Category: Physics: Force & Motion Type: Make & Take Rough Parts List: 2 Large craft sticks or paint paddles 12 Dowel, ¼ 1 Dowel, 1 long, ¼ 1 Wood block, 8 x 1 x 1 1 Wood block, tiny

More information

Very Basic Design Considerations for Water-Bottle Rockets

Very Basic Design Considerations for Water-Bottle Rockets Very Basic Design Considerations for Water-Bottle Rockets The next few pages are provided to help in the design of your water-bottle rocket. Read through this packet and answer the questions on the last

More information

Friction occurs when surfaces slide against each other.

Friction occurs when surfaces slide against each other. Chapter 12, Section 2 Key Concept: Friction is a force that opposes motion. BEFORE, you learned Gravity is the attractive force masses exert on each other Gravity increases with greater mass and decreases

More information

Big News! Dick Kline Inventor of the KF AirFoil Contacts rcfoamfighters.

Big News! Dick Kline Inventor of the KF AirFoil Contacts rcfoamfighters. Big News! Dick Kline Inventor of the KF AirFoil Contacts rcfoamfighters. (Copy of Email from Dick Kline to rcfoamfighters on 3/28/09) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

More information

Table of Contents. Career Overview... 4

Table of Contents. Career Overview... 4 Table of Contents Career Overview.................................................. 4 Basic Lesson Plans Activity 1 Design a Straw Rocket I...................................... 5 Activity 2 Design a Straw

More information

Wingin It. Students learn about the Bernoulli effect by building an airfoil (airplane wing) and making it fly.

Wingin It. Students learn about the Bernoulli effect by building an airfoil (airplane wing) and making it fly. Wingin It Students learn about the Bernoulli effect by building an airfoil (airplane wing) and making it fly. Grade Levels 5 8 Science Topics Aerodynamics of lift Bernoulli effect Force Velocity Pressure

More information

Lesson: Airspeed Control

Lesson: Airspeed Control 11/20/2018 Airspeed Control Page 1 Lesson: Airspeed Control Objectives: o Knowledge o An understanding of the aerodynamics related to airspeed control o Skill o The ability to establish and maintain a

More information

(Lab Interface BLM) Acceleration

(Lab Interface BLM) Acceleration Purpose In this activity, you will study the concepts of acceleration and velocity. To carry out this investigation, you will use a motion sensor and a cart on a track (or a ball on a track, if a cart

More information

Engineering Project Boat Building Challenge

Engineering Project Boat Building Challenge Engineering Project Boat Building Challenge Most boats and ships have the same basic shape and design. They are longer than they are wide, and typically they taper to a point in front. The pointed front

More information

The Science of Golf. Test Lab Toolkit The Swing: Putting. Grades 6-8

The Science of Golf. Test Lab Toolkit The Swing: Putting. Grades 6-8 The Science of Golf Test Lab Toolkit The Swing: Grades 6-8 Science Technology Engineering Mathematics Table of Contents Welcome to the Test Lab 02 Investigate: Center of Gravity 03 Investigate: Speed and

More information

Exam Unit 5: Motion and Forces

Exam Unit 5: Motion and Forces Exam Unit 5: Motion and Forces 1. Aleshia is moving forward at constant speed of 2 m/s. Which statement correctly describes Aleshia s movement? A. Her speed is increasing by 2 m/s every second. B. She

More information

Today Mr. Happer told us to use the following physics vocabulary words and relate them to our experiment:

Today Mr. Happer told us to use the following physics vocabulary words and relate them to our experiment: Design Your Own Experiment Lab Report Objective While making our water rocket, our group tried to achieve different criteria listed by Mr. Happer. With our rocket, we were trying to achieve a distance

More information

Project 1 Those amazing Red Sox!

Project 1 Those amazing Red Sox! MASSACHVSETTS INSTITVTE OF TECHNOLOGY Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 6.001 Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs Spring Semester, 2005 Project 1 Those amazing Red

More information

CHAPTER 9 PROPELLERS

CHAPTER 9 PROPELLERS CHAPTER 9 CHAPTER 9 PROPELLERS CONTENTS PAGE How Lift is Generated 02 Helix Angle 04 Blade Angle of Attack and Helix Angle Changes 06 Variable Blade Angle Mechanism 08 Blade Angles 10 Blade Twist 12 PROPELLERS

More information

Wonder. Research. Test and Discover. When you blow up a balloon and let go, why does it fly all over the place? How can you control its speed?

Wonder. Research. Test and Discover. When you blow up a balloon and let go, why does it fly all over the place? How can you control its speed? AIRP myt hbu LAN ste rs: E O explos N A ive exh CON ibition com VEY ponent OR : BEL T the Wonder When you blow up a balloon and let go, why does it fly all over the place? How can you control its speed?

More information

NASA Engineering Design Challenge The Great Boomerang Challenge Teacher Guide Overview your students excited about this lesson

NASA Engineering Design Challenge The Great Boomerang Challenge Teacher Guide Overview your students excited about this lesson NASA Engineering Design Challenge The Great Boomerang Challenge Teacher Guide Overview Students think and act like engineers and scientists as they follow the eight steps of the engineering design process

More information

ENGINEERing challenge workshop for science museums in the field of aeronautic engineering

ENGINEERing challenge workshop for science museums in the field of aeronautic engineering ENGINEERing challenge workshop for science museums in the field of aeronautic engineering 1 Index Workshop ID card...3 Specific unit objectives...4 Resources...4 The workshop...5 Introduction...5 The main

More information

SC.5.P.13.2 Investigate and describe that the greater the force applied to it, the greater the change in motion of a given object.

SC.5.P.13.2 Investigate and describe that the greater the force applied to it, the greater the change in motion of a given object. SC.5.P.13.2 Investigate and describe that the greater the force applied to it, the greater the change in motion of a given object. Materials per group: 2 flexible rulers (plastic), 1 small ball of the

More information

The Science of Golf. Test Lab Toolkit The Swing: Putting. Grades Education

The Science of Golf. Test Lab Toolkit The Swing: Putting. Grades Education The Science of Golf Test Lab Toolkit The Swing: Grades 9-12 Partners in Education Science Technology Engineering Mathematics Table of Contents Welcome to the Test Lab 02 Investigate: Gravity on the Green

More information

Systems and Simple Machines Student Activity Book Answer Key

Systems and Simple Machines Student Activity Book Answer Key Answer Key Pages 3-6 Systems 1. Answers vary. Examples include: solar system, the body systems, etc. 2. Answers vary. Definitions may include the idea that the parts work together to do a job. 3. Answers

More information

Bungee Bonanza. Level 1

Bungee Bonanza. Level 1 Bungee Bonanza The problem Level 1 You have recently been employed by the company Bungee Bonanza. A key part of your role is to adjust the height of the bungee jumping platform based on the mass of each

More information

Bottle Rockets. The bottle rocket, like the squid, uses water as the driving agent and compressed air instead of heat to provide the energy.

Bottle Rockets. The bottle rocket, like the squid, uses water as the driving agent and compressed air instead of heat to provide the energy. Bottle Rockets Problem/Purpose: To create a bottle rocket that will fly straight and will stay in the air for as long as possible. Background Information: A squid propels itself by filling its body with

More information

WONDERLAB: THE EQUINOR GALLERY. The science and maths behind the exhibits 30 MIN INFORMATION. Topic FORCES. Age

WONDERLAB: THE EQUINOR GALLERY. The science and maths behind the exhibits 30 MIN INFORMATION. Topic FORCES. Age WONDERLAB: THE EQUINOR GALLERY and maths s INFORMATION Age 7 11 11 14 Topic FORCES 30 MIN Location LEVEL 3, SCIENCE MUSEUM, LONDON What s the science? What more will you wonder? and maths s Wonderlab:

More information

PRE-TEST Module 2 The Principles of Flight Units /60 points

PRE-TEST Module 2 The Principles of Flight Units /60 points PRE-TEST Module 2 The Principles of Flight Units 1-2-3.../60 points 1 Answer the following questions. (20 p.) moving the plane (4) upward / forward. Opposed to that is 1. What are the names of the four

More information

Aviation Teleclass Webinar!

Aviation Teleclass Webinar! Welcome to the Supercharged Science Aviation Teleclass Webinar! You can fill out this worksheet as we go along to get the most out of time together, or you can use it as a review exercise at the end of

More information

PUT TING SCIENCE TO FLIGHT T E A C H E R S G U I D E

PUT TING SCIENCE TO FLIGHT T E A C H E R S G U I D E PUT TING SCIENCE TO FLIGHT T E A C H E R S G U I D E Rocco Fer rario Teacher, American Canyon Middle School Napa, CA 55747 TECH TIPS Building Tips for the Raven Broken wings are a bummer. Unless the dihedral

More information

Related Careers: Aircraft Instrument Repairer Aircraft Designer Aircraft Engineer Aircraft Electronics Specialist Aircraft Mechanic Pilot US Military

Related Careers: Aircraft Instrument Repairer Aircraft Designer Aircraft Engineer Aircraft Electronics Specialist Aircraft Mechanic Pilot US Military Airplane Design and Flight Fascination with Flight Objective: 1. You will be able to define the basic terms related to airplane flight. 2. You will test fly your airplane and make adjustments to improve

More information

SPEED, VELOCITY, ACCELERATION, & NEWTON STUDY GUIDE - Answer Sheet 1) The acceleration of an object would increase if there was an increase in the

SPEED, VELOCITY, ACCELERATION, & NEWTON STUDY GUIDE - Answer Sheet 1) The acceleration of an object would increase if there was an increase in the SPEED, VELOCITY, ACCELERATION, & NEWTON STUDY GUIDE - Answer Sheet 1) The acceleration of an object would increase if there was an increase in the A) mass of the object. B) force on the object. C) inertia

More information

Aviation Teleclass Webinar!

Aviation Teleclass Webinar! Name Welcome to the Supercharged Science Aviation Teleclass Webinar! You can fill out this worksheet as we go along to get the most out of time together, or you can use it as a review exercise at the end

More information

Objective: To launch a soda bottle rocket, achieve maximum time of flight, and safely land a payload (tennis ball).

Objective: To launch a soda bottle rocket, achieve maximum time of flight, and safely land a payload (tennis ball). Bottle Rocket Project 2016-17 Objective: To launch a soda bottle rocket, achieve maximum time of flight, and safely land a payload (tennis ball). Materials: 2 liter plastic soda bottle (carbonated beverage

More information

Airplanes. Kelli Hicks. rourkeeducationalmedia.com. Scan for Related Titles and Teacher Resources

Airplanes. Kelli Hicks. rourkeeducationalmedia.com. Scan for Related Titles and Teacher Resources Kelli Hicks Airplanes Kelli Hicks rourkeeducationalmedia.com Scan for Related Titles and Teacher Resources Before & After Reading Activities Level: G Word Count: 220 Words 100th word: under page 13 Teaching

More information

Uncontrolled copy not subject to amendment. Principles of Flight

Uncontrolled copy not subject to amendment. Principles of Flight Uncontrolled copy not subject to amendment Principles of Flight Principles of Flight Learning Outcome 1: Know the principles of lift, weight, thrust and drag and how a balance of forces affects an aeroplane

More information

Force, Motion and Energy Review

Force, Motion and Energy Review NAME Force, Motion and Energy Review 1 In the picture to the right, two teams of students are playing tug-of-war. Each team is pulling in the opposite direction, but both teams are moving in the same direction.

More information

The Fly Higher Tutorial IV

The Fly Higher Tutorial IV The Fly Higher Tutorial IV THE SCIENCE OF FLIGHT In order for an aircraft to fly we must have two things: 1) Thrust 2) Lift Aerodynamics The Basics Representation of the balance of forces These act against

More information

CASE STUDY FOR USE WITH SECTION B

CASE STUDY FOR USE WITH SECTION B GCE A level 135/01-B PHYSICS ASSESSMENT UNIT PH5 A.M. THURSDAY, 0 June 013 CASE STUDY FOR USE WITH SECTION B Examination copy To be given out at the start of the examination. The pre-release copy must

More information

The amount of matter in an object.

The amount of matter in an object. Definitions: Mass: Weight: Gravity: Resistance: Opposing The amount of matter in an object. The measure of the pull of gravity between an object and the Earth. A force that acts pulls objects together.

More information

Exploring the relationship between the pressure of the ball and coefficient of restitution.

Exploring the relationship between the pressure of the ball and coefficient of restitution. Exploring the relationship between the pressure of the ball and coefficient of restitution. When I started thinking about possible investigations I knew I wanted to create a lab that was related to sports.

More information

This IS A DRAG IS IT A LIFT!!!!! Aerodynamics

This IS A DRAG IS IT A LIFT!!!!! Aerodynamics Problems in Technology This IS A DRAG OR IS IT A LIFT!!!!! Aerodynamics Our mission is to better understand the science and study of aerodynamics. Well, simply put aerodynamics is the way air moves around

More information

Unit Contents. Chapter 3 Achieving and Maintaining Flight. Chapter 4 Flight Design

Unit Contents. Chapter 3 Achieving and Maintaining Flight. Chapter 4 Flight Design U N I T Flight Amateur cyclist Bryan Allen had never dreamed of becoming a pilot. But on June 12, 1979, the cyclist did just that. In addition to piloting the plane, he also provided the fuel for the first

More information

Exploration Series. AIRPLANE Interactive Physics Simulation Page 01

Exploration Series.   AIRPLANE Interactive Physics Simulation Page 01 AIRPLANE ------- Interactive Physics Simulation ------- Page 01 What makes an airplane "stall"? An airplane changes its state of motion thanks to an imbalance in the four main forces acting on it: lift,

More information

Exploring the relationship between the pressure of the ball and coefficient of restitution.

Exploring the relationship between the pressure of the ball and coefficient of restitution. Exploring the relationship between the pressure of the ball and coefficient of restitution. When I started thinking about possible investigations I knew I wanted to create a lab that was related to sports.

More information

Higher, Lower; Faster, Slower? Student Data Page Activity 4B Part 2

Higher, Lower; Faster, Slower? Student Data Page Activity 4B Part 2 Activity Materials: (Per Group): Higher, Lower; Faster, Slower? Student Data Page Activity 4B Part 2 30 cm ramp made of cardboard Meter stick Table Ring stand 16 Washers or weight set Pom-Pom Granny Model

More information

What do we know about air? What have we observed?

What do we know about air? What have we observed? Air and Flight---Properties of Air Air: - we know it exists, - it s all around us, - we see moving trees, - it fills our lungs, - it has substance but can t be seen Air: - colourless, odourless and tasteless,

More information

Cadette. The Great Paper Clip Airlift. Breathe. STEM Kits

Cadette. The Great Paper Clip Airlift. Breathe. STEM Kits Sponsored By Cadette These activities are from the Leader Guide Book, How to Guide Cadettes Through Breathe. Additional activities were developed exclusively by Girl Scouts - Western Oklahoma to correlate

More information

8 th grade. Name Date Block

8 th grade. Name Date Block Name Date Block The Plot & the Pendulum Lab A pendulum is any mass that swings back and forth on a rope, string, or chain. Pendulums can be found in old clocks and other machinery. A playground swing is

More information

The Science of Golf. Test Lab Toolkit The Ball: Aerodynamics. Grades 6-8

The Science of Golf. Test Lab Toolkit The Ball: Aerodynamics. Grades 6-8 The Science of Golf Test Lab Toolkit The Ball: Grades 6-8 Science Technology Engineering Mathematics Table of Contents Welcome to the Test Lab 02 Investigate: Bernoulli s Principle 03 Investigate: Wind

More information

AEROSPACE MICRO-LESSON

AEROSPACE MICRO-LESSON AIAA Easily digestible Aerospace Principles revealed for K-12 Students and Educators. These lessons will be sent on a bi-weekly basis and allow grade-level focused learning. - AIAA STEM K-12 Committee.

More information

Gravity, Force and Work

Gravity, Force and Work Gravity, Force and Work Vocabulary: force something that pushes or pulls something else gravity a force that pulls everything toward the center of the earth friction a force that is created when something

More information

time v (vertical) time

time v (vertical) time NT4E-QRT20: PROJECTILE MOTION FOR TWO ROCKS VELOCITY AND ACCELERATION GRAPHS II Two identical rocks are thrown horizontally from a cliff with Rock A having a greater velocity at the instant it is released

More information

No Description Direction Source 1. Thrust

No Description Direction Source 1. Thrust AERODYNAMICS FORCES 1. WORKING TOGETHER Actually Lift Force is not the only force working on the aircraft, during aircraft moving through the air. There are several aerodynamics forces working together

More information

Puff Bottles. Dr Joseph Ireland (2013) Dr Joe. For more activities see Creating Science at

Puff Bottles. Dr Joseph Ireland (2013) Dr Joe. For more activities see Creating Science at Puff Bottles Introduction: A child can pretend a balloon is alive, or that they have magic powers over a balloon allowing others to try and sort out the mystery of how the magic happens. This science activity

More information

Materials: Balloon demo (optional): - balloon, string, drinking straw, flour (optional)

Materials: Balloon demo (optional): - balloon, string, drinking straw, flour (optional) Lesson Plan for Water Rockets Demonstration Concepts: Momentum, aerodynamics, propulsion Applicable Classes: EPSS 9, ASTR 3 Educational (for undergraduates) and Instructional (for TAs) videos available

More information

How Feathered and Plastic Fletchings Affect the Control Of Arrows By Lucy Kiefer 7B

How Feathered and Plastic Fletchings Affect the Control Of Arrows By Lucy Kiefer 7B How Feathered and Plastic Fletchings Affect the Control Of Arrows By Lucy Kiefer 7B 12-10-17 Archery has had a resurgence in popular culture with prominent roles in movies like Brave or the Hunger Games

More information

How to Do Flight Testing for TARC. Trip Barber NAR TARC Manager

How to Do Flight Testing for TARC. Trip Barber NAR TARC Manager How to Do Flight Testing for TARC Trip Barber NAR TARC Manager The TARC Cycle Learn the rules and basic rocketry Design and fly your rocket on the computer Build your rocket to your design with real hardware

More information

Lesson 6 Aerodynamics and flying

Lesson 6 Aerodynamics and flying 36 Lesson 6 Aerodynamics and flying Aerodynamics and flying 37 Suitable for: 11 14 years Curriculum and learning links: Forces, motion, Bernoulli s principle Learning objectives: State that aerodynamics

More information

1D Kinematics Answer Section

1D Kinematics Answer Section 1D Kinematics 1. A bird, accelerating from rest at a constant rate, experiences a displacement of 28 m in 11 s. What is the average velocity? a. 1.7 m/s c. 3.4 m/s b. 2.5 m/s d. zero 2. A truck moves 70

More information

Helicopter C.E.R. Teacher Pages

Helicopter C.E.R. Teacher Pages Helicopter C.E.R. Teacher Pages 45 Minutes Objective Students will conduct an experiment to determine if wing length will affect the descent time of a paper helicopter. Students will analyze their data

More information

Compare the scalar of speed and the vector of velocity.

Compare the scalar of speed and the vector of velocity. Review Video QOD 2/14/12: Compare the scalar of speed and the vector of velocity. What are the equations for each? Feb 14 6:51 AM 1 Imagine that you are a race car driver. You push on the accelerator.

More information

LAB : Using A Spark Timer

LAB : Using A Spark Timer LAB : Using A Spark Timer Read through the whole lab and answer prelab questions prior to lab day. Name: F1 Introduction A spark timer is used to make accurate time and distance measurements for moving

More information

Post-Show FLIGHT. After the Show. Traveling Science Shows

Post-Show FLIGHT. After the Show. Traveling Science Shows Traveling Science Shows Post-Show FLIGHT After the Show We recently presented a flight show at your school, and thought you and your students might like to continue investigating this topic. The following

More information

SCIENCE and TECHNOLOGY CYCLE 3 MCCAIG ELEMENTARY

SCIENCE and TECHNOLOGY CYCLE 3 MCCAIG ELEMENTARY NAME SCIENCE and TECHNOLOGY CYCLE 3 MCCAIG ELEMENTARY Air: - colourless, odourless and tasteless, Air and Flight--- Properties of Air - a gas made mainly of nitrogen (78%), oxygen (21%) and small amounts

More information

A Different Approach to Teaching Engine-Out Glides

A Different Approach to Teaching Engine-Out Glides A ifferent Approach to Teaching Engine-Out Glides es Glatt, Ph., ATP/CFI-AI, AGI/IGI When student pilots begin to learn about emergency procedures, the concept of the engine-out glide is introduced. The

More information

WATER ROCK. Lawndart The rocket goes straight up and comes down nose first at high speed. Disadvantages

WATER ROCK. Lawndart The rocket goes straight up and comes down nose first at high speed. Disadvantages Water Rocket Recovery Index What is a recovery system? A recovery system is a feature of a rocket that allows it to come back to Earth with minimal damage. Introduction This guide is intended to serve

More information

Rockets. Student Journal. After School STEM Academy

Rockets. Student Journal. After School STEM Academy Rockets Student Journal After School STEM Academy 1 2 Activity 1 ACTIVITY 1: SODA STRAW ROCKET ACTIVITY 1. 2. Cut out one big rectangle, otherwise known as your rocket body. Curl the rectangle lengthwise

More information

Bottle Rocket Launcher P4-2000

Bottle Rocket Launcher P4-2000 WWW.ARBORSCI.COM Bottle Rocket Launcher P4-2000 BACKGROUND: The Bottle Rocket Launcher allows for the exploration of launching rockets using commonly available materials such as plastic soda bottles and

More information

Movement and Position

Movement and Position Movement and Position Syllabus points: 1.2 plot and interpret distance-time graphs 1.3 know and use the relationship between average speed, distance moved and 1.4 describe experiments to investigate the

More information

The table below shows how the thinking distance and braking distance vary with speed. Thinking distance in m

The table below shows how the thinking distance and braking distance vary with speed. Thinking distance in m Q1.The stopping distance of a car is the sum of the thinking distance and the braking distance. The table below shows how the thinking distance and braking distance vary with speed. Speed in m / s Thinking

More information

Air: Weight and Pressure

Air: Weight and Pressure Purpose To test whether air has weight, exerts pressure, and applies force. Process Skills Observe, measure, collect data, interpret data, identify and control variables, form a hypothesis, predict, draw

More information

A child places a car of mass 95 g on the track. She adjusts the controller to a power of 4.2 W so the car accelerates from rest for 0.40 s.

A child places a car of mass 95 g on the track. She adjusts the controller to a power of 4.2 W so the car accelerates from rest for 0.40 s. 1 The picture shows a track for racing toy electric cars. A guide pin fits in a groove in the track to keep the car on the track. A small electric motor in the car is controlled, with a hand-controller,

More information

Chapter 6. You lift a 10 N physics book up in the air a distance of 1 meter at a constant velocity of 0.5 m/s. The work done by gravity is

Chapter 6. You lift a 10 N physics book up in the air a distance of 1 meter at a constant velocity of 0.5 m/s. The work done by gravity is I lift a barbell with a mass of 50 kg up a distance of 0.70 m. Then I let the barbell come back down to where I started. How much net work did I do on the barbell? A) - 340 J B) 0 J C) + 35 J D) + 340

More information

Tyler Runge and Kelly McCaffrey. The Dynamic Relation between String Length and Height with a Set Mass

Tyler Runge and Kelly McCaffrey. The Dynamic Relation between String Length and Height with a Set Mass The Dynamic Relation between String Length and Height with a Set Mass Introduction: The purpose of this experiment was to find the relation between string length and height while keeping the mass constant

More information

15815 Super Spring - Student

15815 Super Spring - Student Accessories Needed, Not Included: PURPOSE 15815 Super Spring - Student Required Accessories: string (2 to 4 meters needed) C-clamp (or any other fixed clamp on a bench) Stopwatch masking tape or labels

More information

The diagram below represents the path of a stunt car that is driven off a cliff, neglecting friction.

The diagram below represents the path of a stunt car that is driven off a cliff, neglecting friction. 1. A baseball is thrown at an angle of 40.0 above the horizontal. The horizontal component of the baseball s initial velocity is 12.0 meters per second. What is the magnitude of the ball s initial velocity?

More information

Perilous Plunge. Activity Guide PITSCO. Ideas Solutions V0708

Perilous Plunge. Activity Guide PITSCO. Ideas Solutions V0708 Perilous Plunge PITSCO & Ideas Solutions S T E M Activity Guide 59779 V0708 Perilous Plunge Activity Guide Introduction... 3 Science Activity Give em the Hooke!... 4 Exploring Hooke s Law.... 5 Technology

More information

INTRODUCTION TO FLIGHT (REVIEW, AEROSPACE DIMENSIONS, MODULE 1)

INTRODUCTION TO FLIGHT (REVIEW, AEROSPACE DIMENSIONS, MODULE 1) INTRODUCTION TO FLIGHT (REVIEW, AEROSPACE DIMENSIONS, MODULE 1) CAPTAIN. JERRY PAINTER AEROSPACE EDUCATION OFFICER COMPOSITE SQUADRON 316, (CIVIL AIR PATROL) CASA GRANDE, ARIZONA IMPORTANT TERMS-THE LANGUAGE

More information

6C Science Fair Knowledge

6C Science Fair Knowledge 6C Science Fair Knowledge Our Science Paragraph By: Bella,Heidi and Jasjot Our science fair experiment was if we could study the features of the flying squirrel and how it glides so we could apply that

More information

Although many factors contribute to car accidents, speeding is the

Although many factors contribute to car accidents, speeding is the 74 Measuring Speed l a b o r at o ry Although many factors contribute to car accidents, speeding is the most common kind of risky driving. Unsafe speed is involved in about 20% of fatal car accidents in

More information

Lift generation: Some misconceptions and truths about Lift

Lift generation: Some misconceptions and truths about Lift Review Article Lift generation: Some misconceptions and truths about Lift Federico Bastianello St. Paul s School, London, England. E-mail: bastiaf@stpaulsschool.org.uk DOI: 10.4103/0974-6102.107612 ABSTRACT

More information

Lesson Plan: Bernoulli s Lift

Lesson Plan: Bernoulli s Lift Lesson Plan: Bernoulli s Lift Grade Level: 5-6 Subject Area: Time Required: Science Preparation: 30 minutes Activity: 3 40-minute classes National Standards Correlation: Science (grades 5-8) Physical Science

More information

Exploration Series. MODEL ROCKET Interactive Physics Simulation Page 01

Exploration Series.   MODEL ROCKET Interactive Physics Simulation Page 01 MODEL ROCKET ------- Interactive Physics Simulation ------- Page 01 How high will your model rocket fly? At liftoff, the rocket engine is ignited and a thrust force is generated. The rocket accelerates

More information

COACHING WINDMILL PITCHERS GETTING STARTED

COACHING WINDMILL PITCHERS GETTING STARTED COACHING WINDMILL PITCHERS GETTING STARTED INTRODUCTION Coaching pitchers in NOT difficult. All you need is some interest and a little information to understand what you're doing. The interest has to come

More information

C) miles per hour. D) all of the above. 2) When you look at the speedometer in a moving car, you can see the car's

C) miles per hour. D) all of the above. 2) When you look at the speedometer in a moving car, you can see the car's Practice Kinematics Questions (Answers are at the end ) 1) One possible unit of speed is. A) light years per century. B) kilometers per hour. C) miles per hour. D) all of the above.. 2) When you look at

More information

Understanding Flight: Newton Reigns in Aerodynamics! General Aviation. Scott Eberhardt March 26, What you will learn today. Descriptions of Lift

Understanding Flight: Newton Reigns in Aerodynamics! General Aviation. Scott Eberhardt March 26, What you will learn today. Descriptions of Lift Understanding Flight: Newton Reigns in Aerodynamics! General Aviation Scott Eberhardt March 26, 2007 Military Aviation Commercial Aviation What you will learn today Some of the things you learned might

More information

Skippy: Reaching for the Performance Envelope

Skippy: Reaching for the Performance Envelope Workshop on Dynamic Locomotion and Manipulation ETH Zürich, July 2016 Skippy: Reaching for the Performance Envelope Roy Featherstone 2016 Roy Featherstone What is Skippy? a hopping and balancing machine

More information

ROSE-HULMAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Department of Mechanical Engineering. Mini-project 3 Tennis ball launcher

ROSE-HULMAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Department of Mechanical Engineering. Mini-project 3 Tennis ball launcher Mini-project 3 Tennis ball launcher Mini-Project 3 requires you to use MATLAB to model the trajectory of a tennis ball being shot from a tennis ball launcher to a player. The tennis ball trajectory model

More information

CHAPTER 1. Knowledge. (a) 8 m/s (b) 10 m/s (c) 12 m/s (d) 14 m/s

CHAPTER 1. Knowledge. (a) 8 m/s (b) 10 m/s (c) 12 m/s (d) 14 m/s CHAPTER 1 Review K/U Knowledge/Understanding T/I Thinking/Investigation C Communication A Application Knowledge For each question, select the best answer from the four alternatives. 1. Which is true for

More information

TWO DIMENSIONAL KINEMATICS

TWO DIMENSIONAL KINEMATICS PHYSICS HOMEWORK #11 TWO DIMENSIONAL [Remember that ALL vectors must be described by BOTH magnitude and direction!] 1. You walk 250. steps North and then 400. steps East. What is your displacement? (Distance

More information

Newton s Laws of Motion

Newton s Laws of Motion Newton s Laws of Motion Directions: Use the following website and our science books to answer the questions on Newton s Laws of Motion. http://www.engineeringinteract.org/resources/parkworldplot/flash/concepts/balancedandun.htm

More information

You drop a package from a plane flying at constant speed in a straight line. Without air resistance, the package will:

You drop a package from a plane flying at constant speed in a straight line. Without air resistance, the package will: Question 4.2 You drop a package from a plane flying at constant speed in a straight line. Without air resistance, the package will: Dropping a Package a) quickly lag behind the plane while falling b) remain

More information

Frontenac, Lennox & Addington Science Fair Expo-sciences de Frontenac, Lennox & Addington Prefair Report

Frontenac, Lennox & Addington Science Fair Expo-sciences de Frontenac, Lennox & Addington   Prefair Report 1201 Mary Snider Expo-sciences de De-Icing Ice The purpose of my project is to discover what ice melters melt ice the quickest and to help people stay safe in the winter.my question is how do different

More information