Hood River Tributaries Instream Flow Study

Transcription

1 Hood River Tribuaries Insream Flow Sudy Presened To: Hood River Couny 61 Sae Sree Hood River, OR 9731 Submied On: June 13, 214 Submied By: 89 L Sree Arcaa, CA

2 Dra Hood River Tribuaries Insream Flow Sudy Prepared or Hood River Couny 61 Sae Sree Hood River, OR 9731 Prepared by NORMANDEAU ASSOCIATES, INC. 89 L Sree Arcaa, CA Dae June 13, 214

3 Table o Conens TABLE OF CONTENTS... II LIST OF FIGURES... IV EXECUTIVE SUMMARY... 1 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS... 2 INTRODUCTION... 2 STUDY AREA... 3 METHODOLOGY... 5 STAKEHOLDER INVOLVEMENT... 5 HABITAT MAPPING... 6 PHABSIM: TRANSECT SELECTION AND INSTALLATION... 6 CALIBRATION FLOWS... 7 FIELD DATA COLLECTION... 7 Waer Surace Elevaion and Velociy Measuremens... 7 Subsrae and Cover Characerizaion... 8 Qualiy Assurance/Qualiy Conrol... 9 TRANSECT WEIGHTING... 1 HYDRAULIC SIMULATION... 1 Waer Surace Predicion... 1 Velociy Simulaion HABITAT SUITABILITY CRITERIA Mehod o Selecion Targe Species HABITAT SIMULATION TIME SERIES ANALYSIS RESULTS HABITAT MAPPING STUDY SITE AND TRANSECT SELECTION HYDRAULIC SIMULATION Sage-Discharge Velociy HABITAT/FLOW RELATIONSHIP HABITAT TIME SERIES ANALYSIS Hydrology STREAMFLOW AND HABITAT TIME SERIES FLOW AND HABITAT DURATION DISCUSSION Dra Hood River Tribuaries Insream Flow 6/13/14 ii

4 REFERENCES APPENDIX A: HABITAT MAPPING APPENDIX B: TRANSECT PROFILES, AND CALIBRATION FLOW VELOCITIES AND WATER SURFACE ELEVATIONS APPENDIX C: PHABSIM CALIBRATION SUMMARIES APPENDIX D: SIMULATED WATER SURFACE ELEVATIONS AND VELOCITIES APPENDIX E: TABULAR AWS VALUES /13/14 iii

5 Lis o Figures Figure 1. Locaions o he Sudy Reaches on he Eas Fork and Wes Fork Hood River, Green Poin Creek, and Neal Creek Figure 2. Generic habia index curve illusraing equal AWS values a wo dieren lows Figure 3. Time series process Figure 4. Chinook and coho AWS curves or Green Poin Creek Figure 5. Seelhead and cuhroa AWS curves or Green Poin Creek Figure 6. Seelhead and coho AWS curves or Neal Creek Figure 7. Cuhroa AWS curves or Neal Creek Figure 8. Chinook and coho AWS curves or E.F. Hood (upper) Figure 9. Seelhead and cuhroa AWS curves or E.F. Hood (upper) Figure 1. Chinook and coho AWS curves or E.F. Hood (lower) Figure 11. Seelhead and cuhroa AWS curves or E.F. Hood (lower) Figure 12. Chinook and coho AWS curves or W.F. Hood River Figure 13. Seelhead and cuhroa AWS curves or W.F. Hood River Figure 14. Bull rou AWS curves or W.F. Hood River Figure 15. Flow ime series (op) and Chinook juvenile habia ime series (boom) or 3 years o hisoric low in he Eas Fork Hood River Figure 16. Overlay o low ime series and Chinook juvenile habia ime series or a seleced ime period rom he upper Eas Fork Hood River Figure 17. Raser hydrograph o hisoric lows in he Upper Eas Fork Hood River Figure 18. Raser plo o Chinook juvenile habia (AWS) or hisoric lows in he Upper Eas Fork Hood River Figure 19. Chinook juvenile WUA/AWS curve or he upper Eas Fork Hood River Figure 2. Flow duraion curves or 13 low scenarios on upper Eas Fork Hood River. Top, -1% exceedance; boom, 5-95% exceedance Figure 21. Chinook juvenile habia duraion or he upper Eas Fork Hood River Figure 22. Flow duraion curves or Chinook spawning or 13 low scenarios on he upper Eas Fork Hood River. Top, -1% exceedance; boom, 5-95% exceedance Figure 23. Chinook spawning habia duraion or he upper Eas Fork Hood River Page 6/13/14 iv

6 Figure 24. Change in AWS beween he hisoric climae scenario and scenario 5.3 or Chinook rearing habia in he Eas Fork Hood River Figure 25. Upper Eas Fork Hood hisorical raser hydrograph wih black dos ploed or each day ha he AWS is greaer or equal han he 5% exceedance value or juvenile Chinook rearing Figure 26. Upper Eas Fork Hood climae scenario 5.3 raser hydrograph wih black dos ploed or each day ha he AWS is greaer or equal han he 5% exceedance value or juvenile Chinook rearing /13/14 v

7 Lis o Tables Table 1. Subsrae size and codes Table 2. Cover ypes and codes Table 3. Targe species and lie sages seleced or modeling in each o he ive sream reaches Table 4. Habia mapping summary or Green Poin Creek Table 5. Habia mapping summary or Neal Creek Table 6. Habia mapping summary or Eas Fork Hood River (lower) Table 7. Habia mapping summary or Eas Fork Hood River (upper) Table 8. Habia mapping summary or Wes Fork Hood River Table 9. Number o ransecs by habia ype and reach wih habia selecor ideniied (*) Table 1. Measured low, calibraion low (velociy acquisiion low), sage-discharge raing curve mean error and mehod and VAF or ransecs in ive reaches o he Hood River Table 11. Measured versus prediced WSL or ransecs on Green Poin Creek Table 12. Measured versus prediced WSL or ransecs on E.F. Hood Upper Table 13. Measured versus prediced WSL or ransecs on E.F. Hood Lower Table 14. Measured versus prediced WSL or ransecs on W.F. Hood River Table 15. Measured versus prediced WSL or ransecs on Neal Creek Table 16. Sream reaches, species and lie sages uilized in habia ime series Table 17. Species and lie sage periodiciy able or he Hood River Tribuaries Insream Flow Sudy ime series Table 18. Hydrology scenarios used o evaluae poenial changes in low and habia o seleced ish species and lie sages in he Hood River ribuaries sudy Page 6/13/14 vi

8 Execuive Summary These insream low sudies esablished he relaionship beween an index o ish habia suiabiliy (Area Weighed Suiabiliy, AWS) and sream low. The Hood River Tribuaries: Neal Creek, Green Poin Creek, Wes Fork Hood River, and Eas Fork Hood River are included in his repor. The AWS or he species and lie-sages o ineres were combined wih he hisorical and poenial uure changes in low over ime creaing habia ime series. The habia ime series enables sakeholders o compare uure climae-modiied habia ime series wih he hisorical record and make proacive decisions on managing he resource. The Hood River Couny Waer Planning Group (HRWPG) engaged Normandeau o conduc he insream low sudies in conjuncion wih a waer resource model o deermine he impacs o poenial uure climae-modiied scenarios on salmonid habia in he Hood River Tribuaries. Normandeau conduced sandard PHABSIM insream low sudies on one mile reaches in each o he ribuaries wih wo reaches in he Eas Fork Hood River. The sudies included sakeholder involvemen, habia mapping, ransec selecion and placemen, habia suiabiliy crieria (HSC) developmen, hydraulic ield measuremen, simulaion, and habia modeling. The body o his repor includes he mehodology, summary resuls, and example comparisons. The deailed resuls are included in he Appendices. Annexes A and A1 include addiional background abou he HSC. There are 39 habia ime series. These are included in Annexes B1-B5 in user ineracive Excel workbooks, one ile or each reach. These Excel iles are inended as he primary ool o compare he habia ime series. Normandeau collaboraed wih Dr. Koehler o Visual Analyics on a novel mehod o presening habia ime series, using raser plos or viewing and undersanding he daa. In addiion o he sandard habia duraion graphs, he inal presenaion (Annex C) included raser plos o he climae modiied low scenarios, and habia ime series or he Eas Fork Hood River. The user can oggle beween raser plos in presenaion mode o visually compare he hisorical and uure scenarios enabling a deailed depicion o he impacs. This mehod can be useul in ideniying habia bolenecks. The AWS or he Eas Fork Hood River indicaed lower low suiabiliy or adul and juvenile salmonids han previous sudies. Annex A1 presens addiional analysis o he hydraulic characer o he Eas Fork and Annex D is a leer rom he Hood River Producion Program (Oregon Deparmen o Fish and Wildlie and Conederaed Tribes o he Warm Springs) deailing heir concerns wih he lower AWS. Habia mapping o he enire sream secions in addiion o he one mile reaches mapped or his sudy will indicae i he reaches are represenaive or i addiional ransecs could be added o increase he accuracy o he ish habia model. 6/13/14 1

9 Acronyms and Abbreviaions ADCP Acousic Doppler Curren Proiler AWS Area Weighed Suiabiliy (curren name or WUA) BOR Bureau o Reclamaion CTWS Conederaed Tribes o he Warm Springs HRCWPG Hood River Couny Waer planning Group HSC Habia Suiabiliy Crieria IFG Insream Flow Group MFID Middle Fork Irrigaion Disric ODFW Oregon Deparmen o Fish and Wildlie PHABSIM Physical Habia Simulaion model developed by he U.S. Fish and Wildlie Service RHABSIM Riverine Habia Simulaion soware conversion and enhancemen o PHABSIM by TRPA, currenly Normandeau Associaes SEFA Sysem or Environmenal Flow Analysis, soware enhancing he capabiliies o RHABSIM, RYHABSIM, and PHABSIM developed by T. Payne, I. Jowe, and B. Milhouse. TRPA Thomas R. Payne and Associaes WDFW Washingon Deparmen o Fish and Wildlie WSEL Waer Surace Elevaion WUA Weighed Usable Area, a Habia Index (old name or AWS) Inroducion The Hood River Couny Waer planning Group (HRCWPG) is developing a waer resource model as a ool o assis in he long-erm managemen o waer in he Hood River Basin. Componens o he waer resource model accoun or inlows, oulows, and changes in hydrology due o climae change. In order o provide model assessmen o ish habia, Normandeau was conraced o develop an index relaionship o hydraulic ish habia o low in various ribuaries o he Hood River. Normandeau conduced an insream low sudy in each o he Hood River Tribuaries: Eas Fork Hood River, Wes Fork Hood River, Neal Creek, and Green Poin Creek. The objecive o he insream low sudy was o deermine he incremenal relaionship beween sream low and an index o physical habia availabiliy, commonly called weighed usable area (WUA) and more recenly called area weighed suiabiliy (AWS, Jowe e.al. 214), or he species and lie sages o ineres. 6/13/14 2

10 The sandard approach o insream low analysis since 198 has been he Insream Flow Incremenal Mehodology (IFIM). The IFIM is a srucured habia evaluaion process iniially developed by he Insream Flow Group o he U.S. Fish and Wildlie Service (USFWS) in he lae 197 s o allow evaluaion o alernaive low regimes or waer developmen projecs (Bovee and Milhous 1978; Bovee e al. 1998). Techniques used in he IFIM process have coninued o evolve since is inroducion (Bovee and Zuboy 1988; Bremm 1988; Payne 1987, 1988a, 1988b, 1992). Improvemens have been made in he in he approaches o deining sudy reaches (Morhard e al. 1983), in ransec selecion (Payne 1992), and in he echniques o PHABSIM daa collecion, compuer modeling, and analysis (Milhous e al. 1984). The IFIM may involve muliple scieniic disciplines and sakeholders, in he conex o which physical habia simulaion (PHABSIM) sudies are usually designed and implemened. Normandeau uilized PHABSIM or he insream low model in each o he reaches. Sudy Area The sudy area was in Hood River Couny, Washingon and included approximaely one mile long reaches in he Wes Fork Hood River, Green Poin Creek, and Neal Creek and wo approximaely one mile long reaches in he Eas Fork Hood River (Figure 1). 6/13/14 3

11 Figure 1. Locaions o he Sudy Reaches on he Eas Fork and Wes Fork Hood River, Green Poin Creek, and Neal Creek. 6/13/14 4

12 Mehodology Developmen o a relaionship beween suiable aquaic habia and river low or seleced species and lie sages wihin he IFIM/PHABSIM ramework depends on he measuremen or esimaion o physical habia parameers (deph, velociy, subsrae/cover) wihin he sudy reach. Generally, he disribuion o hese parameers a given river lows are deermined a poins along ransec lines across he sream channel, posiioned o accoun or spaial and lowrelaed variabiliy. A variey o hydraulic modeling echniques can be used o simulae waer deph and velociy as a uncion o river low; subsrae and cover values are generally ixed a a given poin. Wih physical habia hus characerized or a range o river lows, he suiabiliy o he habia (or a paricular species and lie sage) a each poin is scaled rom zero o one, usually by muliplying ogeher he corresponding suiabiliy values or deph, velociy, and subsrae rom he appropriae habia suiabiliy crieria (HSC) curves. These poin esimaes o suiabiliy are hen used o weigh he physical area o he sudy represened by each poin, and he weighed areas are accumulaed or he enire sudy reach o produce an index o useable habia as a uncion o river low or each species and lie sage. The physical area represened by each ransec poin depends on he design o he PHABSIM sudy. This sudy used he mesohabia yping, or habia mapping, approach originally described by Morhard e al. (1983) and summarized by Bovee e al. (1998). In his design, mesohabias (broadly deined habia generalizaions) were mapped over he enire sudy reach, such ha each area o he waerway was characerized by a general habia ype, and he oal lengh and proporion o he sudy reach assigned o each mesohabia ype was deermined. Physical habia parameers (river low dependen deph and velociy, subsrae, and cover) represenaive o each mesohabia ype were measured or modeled a one or more ransecs placed wihin he mesohabia area. The exac number and placemen o ransecs placed in a mesohabia ype depended on he proporion o he sudy reach represened by each mesohabia ype, as well as pracical issues such as accessibiliy. Generally, he oal number o ransecs was disribued among mesohabia ypes in proporion o he lengh o he sudy reach represened by each mesohabia. The physical area represened by each ransec poin was hen deermined by boh he laeral disribuion o poins on a ransec, and he lengh or proporion o he sudy reach ha each ransec represened. Sakeholder Involvemen Sakeholders, hrough he HRCWPG, provided inpu ino he selecion o sudy reaches, ransec locaions, species and lie-sages o ineres, HSC, and calibraion lows, as well as reviewing he AWS curves. 6/13/14 5

13 Habia Mapping Habia mapping consiss o ideniying he ype (e.g. pools, runs, and riles) and measuring he lengh o individual macrohabia unis over he oal disance o sream courses wihin a projec area (Morhard e al. 1983). The mehod allows each ransec where hydraulic daa is colleced o be given a weigh proporional o he quaniy o habia represened by ha ransec. Mapping was conduced by walking he sream channel while deploying biodegradable coon hread rom a surveyor s hip chain o measure oal disance. The locaion and lengh o each individual macrohabia ype was calculaed by noing he disance rom a downsream base reerence poin o upsream boundaries. Reerence poins were marked using surveyor s lagging every 5 ee (generally a he neares hydraulic conrol) as well as GPS waypoins. These marks serve as emporary and ixed, known reerence poins rom which o relocae speciic habia unis or oher eaures o ineres during he sream sudies. Oher inormaion noed during he mapping process included esimaing he maximum deph or each pool habia, and deermining wheher a uni could be hydraulically modeled. Normandeau conduced habia mapping in he ive, one-mile reaches using he ODFW Aquaic Invenories Projec Mehods or Sream Habia Surveys (ODFW 21) as a guide. The basic survey included ideniying habia ypes, habia uni lenghs and widhs, maximum deph and general subsrae and riparian characerisics. Generally, or a PHABSIM sudy, only habia ype uni lenghs and dephs (pools) are used as a basis or selecing ransecs and weighing o he habia model. The mapping inormaion was used o deermine he percenages o various macrohabias, assis wih selecion o sudy sies, and placemen o ransecs or he hydraulic daa collecion. Each habia uni was also evaluaed or appropriaeness or PHABSIM modeling. Such condiions ha prohibi saisacory hydraulic simulaion included complex hydraulic condiions associaed wih srongly ransverse low condiions, plunge pools, or unique spli channel coniguraions. Poenially dangerous and unsae habia unis, such as hose near dangerous alls or cascades, were also ideniied or subsequen eliminaion as candidaes or hydraulic modeling. The individual macrohabia ideniicaions and disances were enered ino a daabase program o creae a sequenial map o habia unis along he enire lengh o sream ha was surveyed. The daabase allowed or he compuaion o he percen abundance o any macrohabia ype wihin he enire sudy area or wihin designaed reaches. The mapping daa and locaion markers aided in he relocaion o individual habia unis or subsequen inspecion and ransec selecion. PHABSIM: Transec Selecion and Insallaion Habia mapping orms he basis or ransec selecion. Percen conribuion o individual habia ypes o oal habia is derived rom he oal lengh o a given reach. The PHABSIM habia analysis relies upon hydraulic condiions measured along sream cross secions, or ransecs, placed in a variey o dieren macrohabias. Habia uni selecion and ransec placemen was conduced by Normandeau sudy leads in conjuncion wih he HRCWPG and 6/13/14 6

14 ODFW. Acual habia uni selecion and ransec placemen was accomplished wih a combinaion o random selecion and proessional judgmen hrough he ollowing procedure: 1. The macrohabia ype wih he lowes percenage o abundance wihin each sudy segmen was used as he basis or random selecion (provided ha he habia ype was ecologically signiican and made up greaer han 5% o he oal sudy reach) and sequenially numbered. Several unis were be seleced by random number. 2. In he ield, he irs seleced uni was relocaed and, i i was modelable, reasonably ypical, and i appeared sae o collec hydraulic daa during high lows, a ransec was placed ha would bes represen he habia ype. The second or higher randomly seleced unis were used only i iniial unis were rejeced. 3. A leas one example o each remaining more-abundan habia ype was hen locaed in he immediae viciniy o he random ransec (upsream or downsream) unil he addiional sudy ransecs were placed in oher macrohabia unis. This creaed a sudy sie and ransec cluser, which reduced daa collecion ravel ime. Calibraion Flows Calibraion lows are he lows a which waer surace elevaions and velociies are measured and rom which he model simulaions are buil. A oal o hree ses o calibraion low measuremens, high, middle and low were made a each ransec. Generally he simulaions will be valid or a range o lows rom ory percen o he low calibraion low o 25 percen o he high calibraion low. Velociies a each ransec saion were measured a he highes sae calibraion low. In he case o unregulaed rivers, such as he sreams in his sudy, calibraion low arges were ideniied, bu he measuremens were opporunisic depending on he weaher during he sampling period. Field Daa Collecion Waer Surace Elevaion and Velociy Measuremens One complee se o dephs and velociy measuremens was colleced a each ransec a he middle low or he low level ha could be eecively and saely measured. Daa was colleced using wading/velociy measuremen echniques a shallow habias, and an acousic Doppler curren proiler (ADCP) mouned on a rigid rimaran in deep pool habias. The TRDI Rio Grande 12kHz ADCP sends and receives acousic pulses in order o measure he Doppler shi and phase change o he echoes o calculae deph and velociy paerns. Addiional measuremens o waer surace elevaion or each ransec and a single discharge measuremen (per ransec cluser) were made a he middle and low low levels. The amoun and ype o daa colleced is suiable or use in a hydraulic simulaion wih he PHABSIM compuer model in he one-velociy mode or he enire range o lows (Payne 1987). The one-low model o PHABSIM has been shown o calculae habia values very close o hose obained wih hree ull ses o deph and velociy daa (Payne 1988b). 6/13/14 7

15 Field daa collecion and he orm o daa recording basically ollowed he guidelines esablished in he IFG ield echniques manuals (Trihey and Wegner 1981; Milhous e al. 1984; Bovee 1997). Addiional qualiy conrol checks ha have been ound valuable during previous applicaions o he simulaion models were employed. The echniques or measuring discharge generally ollowed he guidelines oulined by Ranz (1982). A minimum o 2 weed saions per sream ransec were be esablished, wih a goal o no less han 15 weed saions a he lowes measured low. The boundaries o each saion along each ransec were normally a consisen incremens, bu signiican changes in velociy, subsrae, deph, or oher imporan sream habia eaures someimes required addiional saioning. Subsrae and Cover Characerizaion Subsrae and cover aribues and codes used in his sudy are described in Tables 1 and 2. Table 1. Subsrae size and codes. Subsrae Type Size Code Sil, clay, organic 1 Sand 2 Small gravel Medium gravel Large gravel Small cobble Large cobble Boulder > 12 8 Bedrock 9 Table 2. Cover ypes and codes. Cover Type Code Boulder 1 Cobble 2 Cobble + Log 3 Boulder + Log 4 Boulder + Roowad 5 Log 6 Logs 7 Log + Roowad or Logjam 8 None (Deph <6.5.) 9 None (Deph >6.5.) 9.65 Undercu bank 1 Overhanging Vegeaion 11 Terresrial Vegeaion 12 Roos 13 Woody Debris 14 6/13/14 8

16 Qualiy Assurance/Qualiy Conrol To assure qualiy conrol in he collecion o ield daa, he ollowing daa collecion procedures and proocols were uilized: Sa gauges were esablished and coninually moniored hroughou he course o collecing daa. I signiican changes occurred, waer surace elevaions were re-measured ollowing collecion o ransec waer velociy daa. Independen benchmarks were esablished or each se o ransecs. The benchmark was an immovable ree, boulder, or oher naurally occurring objec no subjec o ampering. Upon esablishmen o headpin and ailpin elevaions, a level loop was sho o check he auo-level insrumen or accuracy. Accepable error olerances on level loop measuremens were se a.2 ee. This olerance was also applicable o boh headpin and ailpin measuremens, unless exenuaing circumsances (e.g., pins under sloped banks, shos hrough dense oliage) accouned or he discrepancies, and he accompanying headpin or ailpin me he olerance crieria. Waer surace elevaions were measured on boh banks on each ransec. I possible, on more complex and uneven ransecs, such as riles, waer surace elevaions were also measured a muliple locaions across a ransec. An aemp was made o measure waer surace elevaions a he same locaion (saion or disance rom pin) across each ransec a each calibraion low. Waer surace elevaion measuremens were obained by placing he boom o he sadia rod a he waer surace unil a meniscus ormed a he base or selecing a sable area nex o he waer s edge. Pin and waer surace elevaions were calculaed on-sie during ield measuremen and compared o previous measuremens. Changes in sage since he previous low measuremen were calculaed. Paerns o sage change were compared beween ransecs and deermined i reasonable. I any discrepancies were discovered, poenial sources o error were explored, correced where possible, and noed. The ADCP was used o collec waer velociy daa rom saions along each ransec where wading was no possible. High-qualiy and well-mainained curren velociy meers were used o collec velociies o shallower, edge cell velociy daa. Prior o deploymen, he ADCP was sysem checked, compass calibraed, moving bed es perormed, and user conigured or each individual ransec wih appropriae commands or he exising environmenal condiions. Oen several ransec measuremens were necessary o obain he opimum coniguraion. Each ransec measuremen lengh and discharge calculaion was compared o he acual values or o repeiive measuremens in order o ensure accurae boom racking and velociy measuremens. Real ime graphic depicions o deph and velociy were examined during daa collecion or inconsisencies and obvious errors. As a precauion agains daa loss, all elecronic daa iles were copied ono a separae USB drive a he end o each ield day. 6/13/14 9

17 All calculaions were compleed in he ield, given adequae ime and dayligh. Pin elevaions and changes in waer surace elevaions were compared beween lows on he same ransec. Discharges were calculaed on-sie and were compared beween ransecs during he same low (high, mid, and low). I an excessive amoun o discharge (greaer han 1% o he sream low) was noed or an individual ransec cell, addiional adjacen saions were esablished o more precisely deine he velociy disribuion paerns a ha porion o he ransec. Phoographs were aken o all ransecs, downsream, across, and upsream a he hree calibraion lows. Phoographs were aken rom he same locaion a each o he lows, i possible. Phoographs provided a valuable record o physical condiions and waer surace levels ha were uilized during hydraulic model calibraion. All daa (saioning, deph proiles, velociies, subsrae/cover codes) were enered ino he RHABSIM compuer iles. Inernal daa graphing rouines were hen used o review he boom and velociy proiles or each ransec separaely and in conex wih ohers or qualiy conrol purposes. All daa gaps (e.g., missing velociies) or discrepancies (e.g., conlicing records) were ideniied and correced using available sources, such as ield noes, phoographs, or adjacen daa poins. Transec Weighing The number o ransecs seleced or each habia ype was deermined by he percenage o he sudy reach represened by each habia ype. In his way each habia ype was represened approximaely in proporion o ha which was mapped. Each ransec was hen weighed so ha each habia ype was represened in he exac proporion o ha exisen in he sudy area. Hydraulic Simulaion The purpose o hydraulic simulaion under he PHABSIM ramework is o simulae dephs and velociies in sreams under varying sream low condiions. Simulaed deph and velociy daa were hen used o calculae he physical habia, eiher wih or wihou subsrae and/or cover inormaion. All daa was enered ino he RHABSIM soware used or his analysis. Waer Surace Predicion The waer surace elevaions, in conjuncion wih he ransec proiles, were used o deermine waer dephs a each low. Waer deph is an imporan parameer or deermining he physical habia suiabiliy. Eiher an empirical log/log regression ormula o sage and low based on measured daa or a channel conveyance mehod (MANSQ) ha relies on he Manning s N roughness equaion was used o creae he raing curves. The log/log regression mehod uses a sage-discharge relaionship o deermine waer surace elevaions. Each cross secion is reaed independenly o all ohers in he daa se. A minimum o hree sage-discharge measuremen pairs were used o calibrae he sage-discharge relaionship. The qualiy o he raing curves is evaluaed by examinaion o mean error and slope oupu rom he model. Mean errors o less han 1% is considered accepable and less han 5% is very good. In general he slope beween groups o ransecs should be similar. MANSQ only requires a single sage-discharge pair and uilizes Manning s equaion and channel shape o deermine a raing curve; however, i is generally validaed by addiional 6/13/14 1

18 sage-discharge measuremens. This modeling mehod involves an ieraive process where a bea coeicien is adjused unil a saisacory resul is obained. In siuaions where irregular channel eaures occur on a cross secion, or insance bars or erraces, MANSQ is oen beer a predicing higher sages han log/log. MANSQ is mos oen used on rile or run ransecs and is generally no considered as eecive in esablishing a raing curves or ransecs ha have backwaer eecs rom downsream conrols, such as pools. I can also be useul as a es and veriicaion o log/log relaionships. Velociy Simulaion Simulaed velociies were based on measured daa and a relaionship beween a ixed roughness coeicien (Manning s n) and deph. In some cases roughness is modiied or individual cells i subsanial velociy errors are noed a simulaion lows. Velociy Adjusmen Facors (VAF s), he degree in which measured velociy and discharge is adjused o simulaed velociy and simulaed discharge are an indicaion o he qualiy o hydraulic simulaions. These are examined o deec any signiican deviaions and deermine i velociies remained consisen wih sage and oal discharge. VAF s in he range o.8 o 1.2 a he calibraion (measured) low are considered accepable,.95 o 1.5 is considered excellen. Habia Suiabiliy Crieria Mehod o Selecion Habia Suiabiliy Crieria (HSC) deine he habia requiremens o he species/lie-sages o ineres. I no sie speciic HSC are developed, HSC are seleced rom he plehora o curves developed or oher sudies. No all HSC are ranserable rom one sream o anoher. For example, HSC developed or O. mykiss inhabiing a small mounain sream upsream o an impassable barrier do no deine he habia requiremens o seelhead in a large river. Likewise, habia requiremens vary wih he lie-sage o each species and HSC are ypically speciied or each lie-sage. Alhough here are many HSC available, care mus be aken o esablish ranserabiliy by examining he source merics (e.g. river size, geographic locaion, number o observaions, ec.). The resuls o a PHABSIM insream low sudy are deermined by boh he hydraulic daa colleced and he HSC seleced. Since he resuls o his PHABSIM sudy will be used in he BOR waer resource model along wih he resuls o he Middle Fork Hood IFIM Sudy (Waershed Proessionals Nework), i is imporan o use consisen HSC. The mehod or selecing HSC or his PHABSIM sudy was: 1. Appropriae Middle Fork HSC (Waershed Nework Proessionals unpublished dra daa) or he species/lie-sages ha were modeled in ha sudy were also used in his sudy. The MFID HSC were compared o oher HSC or inormaional purposes. 2. Addiional HSC were seleced based on lieraure and proessional judgmen. Annexes A and A1 discuss he developmen o he HSC. 6/13/14 11

19 Targe Species Species and lie sages seleced or habia modeling are presened in Table 3. Table 3. Targe species and lie sages seleced or modeling in each o he ive sream reaches. Species Bull rou Coho Cuhroa rou Spring Chinook Seelhead Lie Sage Sream Reach EF-Upper EF-Lower Wes Fork Green Poin Neal Creek Juvenile rearing x Adul rearing x Spawning x Fry x x x x x Juvenile rearing x x x x x Adul holding x x x x x Spawning x x x x x Juvenile rearing x x x x x Adul rearing x x x x x Spawning x x x x x Fry x x x x x Juvenile rearing x x x x x Adul holding x x x x x Spawning x x x x x Fry x x x x x Juvenile rearing x x x x x Adul holding x x x x x Spawning x x x x x Habia Simulaion Combining he hydraulic and HSC componens generaes he habia suiabiliy (AWS/WUA) index. Unlike hydraulic modeling and calibraion, here are a limied number o decisions o make prior o producion runs. Transecs are weighed according o he percenage o habia ypes presen in he reach. The range o lows o model, and speciic lows wihin ha range, are deermined largely by he suiabiliy o he hydraulic daa or exrapolaion and general lows o ineres. Generally he range o lows o ineres are hose mandaory eiher as minimum sandards or seasonal requiremens, bu can also be based on naural lows. The habia index was compued based on a muliplicaive procedure: Where: Ci = Cell suiabiliy composie index value Vi = Velociy suiabiliy value associaed wih cell Di = Deph suiabiliy value associaed wih cell Si = Subsrae or oher channel suiabiliy value associaed wih cell 6/13/14 12

20 The cell composie number is hen muliplied by he cell widh o produce number o square ee o area in ha cell. For each ransec, all he cells' areas are summed o produce a oal number o square ee o usable habia available a a speciied low. This resul is hen muliplied by he percenage he individual ransec represens as a proporion o all ransecs being modeled. All ransec resuls are hen summed o produce overall habia suiabiliy in square ee. Time Series Analysis Uilizaion and inerpreaion o habia modeling oupu, namely habia index curves, presens a challenge rom boh a echnical and uncional perspecive. The habia versus low relaionships derived rom PHABSIM represen a concepual associaion beween low and habia. Though some basic inerence can be made rom his relaionship, evaluaion wihou incorporaing low regimes can lead o erroneous inerpreaions. This analysis is paricularly valuable when considering a suie o species and lie sages wih varying habia versus low relaionships, and insances when known lie hisory needs may no be direcly exhibied in he habia versus low relaionship oupu rom PHABSIM. The endency o look a he maximum or peak o a habia index curve grealy oversimpliies he resuls. For example, maximum spawning habia may occur a a low ha rarely exiss in a given reach. Addiionally, he amoun o habia can be he same a wo lows, one lower and one higher han he maximum (Figure 2). Because he amoun o habia available a any given ime o year is a uncion o hydrology, incorporaing a ime-series analysis provides a more realisic view o available habia. Such an analysis is imporan when deermining eecs o dieren low regimes ha may resul rom changes in waer usage. Times series involves maching he habia index or a given species or lie sage o low, as illusraed in Figure 3. The major basis or habia ime series analysis is ha habia is a uncion o sream low and ha sream low varies over ime. Habia ime series displays he emporal habia change or a paricular species and lie sage during seleced seasons or criical ime periods under various low scenarios. Typically resuls are represened by habia duraion curves indicaing he quaniy o habia ha is equaled or exceeded over he seleced ime period. 6/13/14 13

21 AWS 2/ DRAFT HOOD RIVER TRIBUTARIES INSTREAM FLOW STUDY Flow cs Figure 2. Generic habia index curve illusraing equal AWS values a wo dieren lows. 6/13/14 14

22 Figure 3. Time series process. Resuls Habia Mapping Habia mapping was conduced on he ive sudy reaches beween Sepember 19 and Sepember 22, 212. The ollowing provides a brie overview o Habia Mapping resuls by reach. Habia uni ypes colleced in he ield were based on he ODFW Basic Level Sream Survey. These ypes were condensed ino slow waer ypes (pools) and as waer ypes which includes glide, rile (low gradien), rapid (high gradien rile) and cascade as per ODFW opional ypes. Complee Habia Mapping summaries and daabase are provided in Appendix A. Green Poin Creek 6/13/14 15

23 Riles and cascades were he dominan habia ype in Green Poin Creek accouning or 68% o he reach ollowed by pools a 22% and glides a 8% (Table 4). Table 4. Habia mapping summary or Green Poin Creek. Habia Type Number o Unis Lengh Fee Lengh Percen Pool Glide Low Gradien Rile High Gradien Rile Cascade Oher Toals Neal Creek Habia Mapping resuls or Neal Creek show a dominance o low gradien rile (66%) and an equal proporion o glide and pool accouning or 16% each (Table 5). Table 5. Habia mapping summary or Neal Creek Habia Type Number o Unis Lengh Fee Lengh Percen Pool Glide Low Gradien Rile High Gradien Rile Cascade. Oher Toals Eas Fork Hood River (lower reach) Habia Mapping resuls or his reach show a dominance o rile ypes wih 5% low gradien rile and 27% high gradien. Glides only accouned or 2% o he reach (Table 6). 6/13/14 16

24 Table 6. Habia mapping summary or Eas Fork Hood River (lower). Habia Type Number o Unis Lengh Fee Lengh Percen Pool Glide Low Gradien Rile High Gradien Rile Cascade Oher. Toals Eas Fork Hood River (upper reach) Habia Mapping resuls or his reach show a dominance o rile ypes wih 44% high gradien rile and 3% low gradien. Glides accouned or 17% o he reach and pools or 9% (Table 7). Table 7. Habia mapping summary or Eas Fork Hood River (upper). Habia Type Number o Unis Lengh Fee Lengh Percen Pool Glide Low Gradien Rile High Gradien Rile Cascade. Oher Toals Wes Fork Hood River Habia Mapping resuls or his reach show a dominance o rile ypes wih 13% high gradien rile and 37% low gradien. Glides accouned or 16% o he reach and pools or 28% (Table 8). 6/13/14 17

25 Table 8. Habia mapping summary or Wes Fork Hood River. Habia Type Number o Unis Lengh Fee Lengh Percen Pool Glide Low Gradien Rile High Gradien Rile Cascade Oher. Toals Sudy Sie and Transec Selecion Sudy sies were esablished by randomly selecing he leas available habia ype, locaing he habia uni and placing a ransec o represen he uni. Addiional ransecs were hen esablished in oher habia ypes in he immediae viciniy in general proporion o availabiliy. A oal o 7 cross secions were used o represen hydraulic and habia condiions in each reach (Table 9). Table 9. Number o ransecs by habia ype and reach wih habia selecor ideniied (*). Habia Type Green Poin Creek Number o Transecs by Reach and Habia Type E.F. Hood E.F. Hood Neal Creek River (upper) River (lower) Wes Fork Hood River Pool 2 2 1* 2* 2 Glide 1* 2* 2 2 Low Gradien Rile High Gradien Rile * Cascade Toal Hydraulic Simulaion Field daa collecion ook place beween Sepember and December 212. Low low was measured in lae Sepember in all reaches excep Neal Creek, which was deemed o be he approximae middle low arge. Middle low and velociy acquisiion ook place in all oher reaches in lae Ocober and high low occurred in lae November and early December. Transec proiles, calibraion velociies, and calibraion low waer surace elevaion plos are depiced in Appendix B. 6/13/14 18

26 Sage-Discharge Overall, sage-discharge merics ell well wihin he bounds o accepabiliy. All bu one ransec had a mean error o less han 5 percen or log/log raing curve (Table 1). Measured versus prediced WSL a he hree calibraion lows were generally less han.2 ee (Table 11). Log/log raing curves were used or all pool ransecs and mos glide ransecs (Table 1.) MANSQ was used on mos rile ransecs and some glide ransecs o correc or small errors a he upper exen o he raing curve? Velociy Some adjusmens o roughness and Manning s N were made in seleced cells o accoun or unrealisic simulaed velociies a high lows. In addiion, adjusmens were made o edge cells i prediced velociies a higher lows were excessively high (i.e. higher han adjacen cells in he main channel) or remained excessively low. Wih ew excepions, VAF s were wihin 5 percen o he measured low (Table 1). Three ransecs, wo in Green Poin Creek and one in he Wes Fork had VAF s wihin 1 percen o he measured low. 6/13/14 19

27 Table 1. Measured low, calibraion low (velociy acquisiion low), sage-discharge raing curve mean error and mehod and VAF or ransecs in ive reaches o he Hood River. Reach Green Poin Creek E.F. Hood Upper E.F. Hood Lower W.F. Hood Neal Creek Transec # Habia Type Measured Flow Calibraion Flow % Mean Error log/log Raing Curve Final Raing Curve Mehod VAF a Calibraion Flow 1 Glide Log/Log Pool Log/Log LGR MANSQ LGR MANSQ.98 5 HGR MANSQ LGR MANSQ.97 7 Pool Log/Log Pool Log/Log HGR Log/Log HGR Log/Log Glide Log/Log LGR MANSQ LGR MANSQ Glide Log/Log Pool Log/Log Pool Log/Log.99 3 LGR MANSQ LGR MANSQ HGR MANSQ LGR MANSQ HGR MANSQ HGR MANSQ Pool Log/Log Glide Log/Log LGR MANSQ Glide MANSQ Pool Log/Log LGR MANSQ Glide Log/Log LGR MANSQ LGR MANSQ LGR MANSQ Glide MANSQ Pool Log/Log Pool Log/Log.994 6/13/14 2

28 Table 11. Measured versus prediced WSL or ransecs on Green Poin Creek Transec # Habia Type Calibraion Flow # Calibraion Flows (cs) Calibraion WSL Calculaed WSL Glide Pool LGR LGR HGR LGR Pool Table 12. Measured versus prediced WSL or ransecs on E.F. Hood Upper Transec # Habia Type Calibraion Flow # Calibraion Flows (cs) Calibraion WSL Calculaed WSL Pool HGR HGR Glide LGR LGR Glide /13/14 21

29 Table 13. Measured versus prediced WSL or ransecs on E.F. Hood Lower. Transec # Habia Type Calibraion Flow # Calibraion Flows (cs) Calibraion WSL Calculaed WSL Pool Pool LGR LGR HGR LGR HGR Table 14. Measured versus prediced WSL or ransecs on W.F. Hood River Transec # Habia Type Calibraion Flow # Calibraion Flows (cs) Calibraion WSL Calculaed WSL HGR Pool Glide LGR Glide Pool HGR /13/14 22

30 Table 15. Measured versus prediced WSL or ransecs on Neal Creek. Transec # Habia Type Calibraion Flow # Calibraion Flows (cs) Calibraion WSL Calculaed WSL Glide LGR LGR LGR Glide Pool Pool Calibraion summaries or individual ransecs are presened in Appendix C and simulaed waer surace elevaions and velociies are presened in Appendix D. Habia/Flow Relaionship AWS values in abular orma are presened in Appendix E. Green Poin Creek Juvenile rearing AWS curves or all species and adul rearing or cuhroa rou show he greaes response a lows less han 1 cs beore a rending downward slighly or remaining la as lows increase. Fry curves or Chinook, coho, and seelhead exhibi he greaes response a lows beween 1 cs and 25 cs and mainain a sligh downward rend a higher lows. The mos suiable lows or Chinook and seelhead spawning occur beween 15 cs and 3 cs and or coho spawning beween 15 cs and 4 cs. Cuhroa spawning is mos suiable a lows beween 1 cs and 2 cs (Figures 4-5). Neal Creek Juvenile and adul rearing AWS curves or all species are relaively la indicaing ha low does no have an eec on habia suiabiliy. Fry curves or Chinook and coho exhibi a rend 6/13/14 23

31 upward rom he lowes o highes simulaed lows, a produc o low velociies being mainained near he banks due o vegeaion. Chinook and seelhead spawning curves reach maximum suiabiliy beween 2 and 4 cs and remain relaively la hrough he highes simulaed low (Figures 6-7). Eas Fork Hood River (upper reach) AWS curves or juvenile rearing and ry or all species, and adul rearing or cuhroa rou decline sharply beween he lowes simulaed low and approximaely 4 cs. Chinook, coho and seelhead spawning AWS is highes beween 1 cs and 2 cs, and hen drops unil 4 cs beore mainaining a la response. The cuhroa spawning curve shows mos suiable habia a he lowes lows hen becomes la up o 6 cs beore declining (Figures 8-9). Eas Fork Hood River (lower reach) Juvenile rearing, wih he excepion o coho, show maximum suiabiliy beween 5 and 15 cs beore declining. Fry (Chinook, coho and seelhead) decline rom lowes lows o approximaely 2 cs beore remaining la. Coho juveniles show a relaively la response, likely due o he inclinaion or slow velociies which are only mainained along he margins as lows increase. Chinook, coho and seelhead spawning suiabiliy is maximized beween 5 and 3 cs. The cuhroa spawning curve shows mos suiable habia a he lowes lows hen declines o 2 cs beore becoming la (Figures 1-11). Wes Fork Hood River Juvenile rearing AWS varies beween species. Chinook curves show maximum suiabiliy or lows beween 1 cs and 35 cs. Seelhead juvenile rearing increases rom low lows, wih he greaes suiabiliy beween 2 cs and 4 cs, hen remain relaively la. Cuhroa juvenile and adul rend slighly upward wih increasing lows while bull rou juvenile rearing show a gradual decline and he adul curve is la. Coho suiabiliy is greaes a low lows hen drops slighly as lows increase, hough he curve is essenially la pas 2 cs. Fry rearing or all species declines as lows increase. Spawning AWS curves or Chinook, coho and seelhead are similar wih abrup increases rom low lows o maximum suiabiliy a 2-4 cs or Chinook, 1-35 cs or coho and cs or seelhead. Spawning suiabiliy or bull rou and cuhroa is highes a lows less han 2 cs, and declines gradually as low increase (Figures 13-14). 6/13/14 24

32 A W S 2 / Chinook Fry Rearing Juvenile Rearing Adul Holding Spawning Flow cs A W S 2 / Coho Fry Rearing Juvenile Rearing Adul Holding Spawning Flow cs Figure 4. Chinook and coho AWS curves or Green Poin Creek. 6/13/14 25

33 A W S 2 / Seelhead Fry Rearing Juvenile Rearing Adul Holding Spawning Flow cs A W S 2 / Cuhroa Juvenile Rearing Adul Rearing Spawning Flow cs Figure 5. Seelhead and cuhroa AWS curves or Green Poin Creek. 6/13/14 26

34 A W S 2 / Coho Fry Rearing Juvenile Rearing Adul Holding Spawning Flow cs A W S 2 / Seelhead Fry Rearing Juvenile Rearing Adul Holding Spawning Flow cs Figure 6. Seelhead and coho AWS curves or Neal Creek. 6/13/14 27

35 A W S 2 / Cuhroa Juvenile Rearing Adul Rearing Spawning Flow cs Figure 7. Cuhroa AWS curves or Neal Creek. 6/13/14 28

36 A W S 2 / Chinook Fry Rearing Juvenile Rearing Adul Holding Spawning Flow cs A W S 2 / Coho Fry Rearing Juvenile Rearing Adul Holding Spawning Flow cs Figure 8. Chinook and coho AWS curves or E.F. Hood (upper). 6/13/14 29

37 A W S 2 / Seelhead Fry Rearing Juvenile Rearing Adul Holding Spawning Flow cs A W S 2 / Cuhroa Juvenile Rearing Adul Rearing Spawning Flow cs Figure 9. Seelhead and cuhroa AWS curves or E.F. Hood (upper). 6/13/14 3

38 A W S 2 / Chinook Fry Rearing Juvenile Rearing Adul Holding Spawning Flow cs A W S 2 / Coho Fry Rearing Juvenile Rearing Adul Holding Spawning Flow cs Figure 1. Chinook and coho AWS curves or E.F. Hood (lower). 6/13/14 31

39 A W S 2 / Seelhead Fry Rearing Juvenile Rearing Adul Holding Spawning Flow cs A W S 2 / Cuhroa Juvenile Rearing Adul Rearing Spawning Flow cs Figure 11. Seelhead and cuhroa AWS curves or E.F. Hood (lower). 6/13/14 32

40 A W S 2 / Chinook Fry Rearing Juvenile Rearing Adul Holding Spawning Flow cs A W S 2 / Coho Fry Rearing Juvenile Rearing Adul Holding Spawning Flow cs Figure 12. Chinook and coho AWS curves or W.F. Hood River. 6/13/14 33

41 A W S 2 / Seelhead Fry Rearing Juvenile Rearing Adul Holding Spawning Flow cs A W S 2 / Cuhroa Juvenile Rearing Adul Rearing Spawning Flow cs Figure 13. Seelhead and cuhroa AWS curves or W.F. Hood River. 6/13/14 34

42 A W S 2 / Bull Trou Juvenile Rearing Adul Rearing Spawning Flow cs Figure 14. Bull rou AWS curves or W.F. Hood River. 6/13/14 35

43 Habia Time Series Analysis Species and lie sages ideniied or ime series habia analysis in he ive sream reaches are shown in Table 16. Spawning and rearing habia or wo species, Coho salmon and seelhead were evaluaed in all reaches. Chinook salmon spawning and rearing was assessed in our reaches and bull rou spawning and rearing in a single reach. Based on he ive reaches, 13 low scenarios and 3 species/lie sages being evaluaed, a oal o 39 individual habia ime series were run. Rearing habia was analyzed or all monhs while spawning habia was examined or he ime periods ideniied in Table 17. Table 16. Sream reaches, species and lie sages uilized in habia ime series. Species Spring Chinook Coho Seelhead Bull rou Sream Reach Lie Sage Green Neal Toal or EF-Upper EF-Lower Wes Fork Poin Creek Lie Sage juvenile rearing x x x x 4 spawning x x x x 4 juvenile rearing x x x x x 5 spawning x x x x x 5 juvenile rearing x x x x x 5 spawning x x x x x 5 adul rearing x 1 spawning x 1 Toal 3 Table 17. Species and lie sage periodiciy able or he Hood River Tribuaries Insream Flow Sudy ime series. Species Lie Sage Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oc Nov Dec Spring Chinook Coho Seelhead Bull rou juvenile rearing spawning juvenile rearing spawning juvenile rearing spawning adul rearing spawning The resuls o he 39 separae habia ime series are presened in ineracive Excel iles included in Annexes B1 B5. Each Annex conains a habia ime series Excel ile or a single reach. In order o provide an example o oupu and inerpreaion, resuls are presened here are or Chinook spawning and juvenile rearing or he upper Eas Fork Hood River. Addiional discussion is presened in Annex C, a presenaion o he HRCWPG. A new mehod o presening habia ime series daa, raser plos, was uilized o presen he resuls o he HRCWPG. Raser plos are pixel-based plos or visualizing and ideniying variaions and changes in large mulidimensional daa ses. 6/13/14 36

44 Originally developed by Keim (2) hey were irs applied in hydrology by Koehler (24) as a means o highlighing iner-annual and inra-annual changes in sreamlow. The raser hydrographs in WaerWach (hp://waerwach.usgs.gov/?id=wwchar_rasergraph), like hose developed by Koehler, depic years on he y-axis and days along he x-axis. Hydrology Hydrology was developed or he ive sream reaches ideniied in Table 18. Long erm synhesized daily sreamlows or 12 uure scenarios (23 o 26) were used o orecas condiions based on climae change, waer year ype (median, ho/dry and warm/we), waer usage and addiional sorage (Table 18). Daily sreamlow or hisorical exising condiions (198 o 29) are used as a baseline or comparisons o hese uure sreamlow scenarios. Table 18. Hydrology scenarios used o evaluae poenial changes in low and habia o seleced ish species and lie sages in he Hood River ribuaries sudy. Scenario Climae Waer Demands Waer Conservaion Waer Sorage 1 Hisorical Exising Exising Exising 2.1 Fuure scenario 1 median Exising Exising Exising 2.2 Fuure scenario 2 ho/dry Exising Exising Exising 2.3 Fuure scenario 3 warm/we Exising Exising Exising 3.1 Fuure scenario 1 median Fuure (increase) 1 Exising Exising 3.2 Fuure scenario 2 ho/dry Fuure (increase) 1 Exising Exising 3.3 Fuure scenario 3 warm/we Fuure (increase) 1 Exising Exising 4.1 Fuure scenario 1 median Fuure (increase) 1 Fuure (conserve) 2 Exising 4.2 Fuure scenario 2 ho/dry Fuure (increase) 1 Fuure (conserve) 2 Exising 4.3 Fuure scenario 3 warm/we Fuure (increase) 1 Fuure (conserve) 2 Exising 5.1 Fuure scenario 1 median Fuure (increase) 1 Fuure (conserve) 2 Exising & New Sorage Fuure scenario 2 ho/dry Fuure (increase) 1 Fuure (conserve) 2 Exising & New Sorage Fuure scenario 3 warm/we Fuure (increase) 1 Fuure (conserve) 2 Exising & New Sorage 3 1 poable and irrigaion 2 irrigaion 3 larger FID & MFID, new FID Sreamlow and Habia Time Series An example low ime series or he hisoric scenario and corresponding Chinook juvenile habia ime series are presened in Figure 15. When dealing wih an exensive period o 3 years, deails can be los bu cerain evens sand ou, high peak lows in 1994 and 1995, relaively higher summer lows and lower peak winer lows in 1996 and 1997, exremely low winer lows in 2 and low summer lows in 2 and 21. These evens are depiced in more deail in Figure 16. As can be seen, lower habia values occur a lows over 3 cs, wih near zero habia indexes a exreme peak lows, and he highes habia index values are during lower low periods (e.g. summer). Bu low habia values can also occur a very low lows, in his case lows less han 1 cs as in he summers o 1994 and 21. An alernaive visually enhanced means o ideniying hese evens are illusraed in Raser hydrograph (Figure 17) and 6/13/14 37

45 habia (Figure 18) plos. The high lows o February 1996 and November o 26 are easily ideniied in Figure 17. By examining he relaionship beween low and habia or Chinook juvenile, he basis or hese evens becomes apparen (Figure 19). From he peak o he curve o an inlecion poin around 3 cs, AWS is relaively high. Pas his poin AWS gradually decreases. Similarly AWS is relaively high a he low end o he curve beore is drops precipiously a lows less han 1 cs. 6/13/14 38

46 WUA/AWS Flow (cs) DRAFT HOOD RIVER TRIBUTARIES INSTREAM FLOW STUDY /1/1979 3/23/1985 9/13/199 3/5/1996 8/26/21 2/16/27 Dae /1/1979 3/23/1985 9/13/199 3/5/1996 8/26/21 2/16/27 Dae Figure 15. Flow ime series (op) and Chinook juvenile habia ime series (boom) or 3 years o hisoric low in he Eas Fork Hood River.. 6/13/14 39

47 WUA/AWS DRAFT HOOD RIVER TRIBUTARIES INSTREAM FLOW STUDY 14 AWS (2 ) Scenario Flow (cs) /1/1994 1/1/1995 1/1/ /31/ /31/ /31/ /31/ /3/2 12/3/21 Dae Figure 16. Overlay o low ime series and Chinook juvenile habia ime series or a seleced ime period rom he upper Eas Fork Hood River. 6/13/14 4

48 Figure 17. Raser hydrograph o hisoric lows in he Upper Eas Fork Hood River. 6/13/14 41

49 Figure 18. Raser plo o Chinook juvenile habia (AWS) or hisoric lows in he Upper Eas Fork Hood River. 6/13/14 42

50 WUA/AWS DRAFT HOOD RIVER TRIBUTARIES INSTREAM FLOW STUDY 14 Chinook Juvenile Rearing AWS 12 1 Simulaed Projeced Flow (cs) Figure 19. Chinook juvenile WUA/AWS curve or he upper Eas Fork Hood River. Flow and Habia Duraion Flow duraion curves provide a means o compare dieren low regimes wih respec o he amoun o ime cerain low levels occur. For he upper Eas Fork Hood River graphs are provided ha depic low exceedance rom -1 % and 5-95 % or he period o record (Figure 2). Fuure hydrology or all scenarios shows an increase in high lows and somewha lower low lows or mos o he scenarios compared o hisorical. Examinaion o Chinook juvenile habia duraion curves shows slighly more habia 25% o he ime and slighly less 5% o he ime or all uure scenarios over hisorical (Figure 21). Because i has been shown ha boh high lows and very low lows can lower he habia index, his ollows wha is shown in he low duraion curve. Flow duraion curves or spring Chinook spawning cover a shor period o ime (Augus 15 o Ocober 15) and lows exceed 25 cs jus 5% o he ime (Figure 22). Fuure low scenarios based on climae change ( ) and waer demand ( ) display lower lows han hisorical all he ime. Scenarios based on waer conservaion and sorage exhibi higher high lows, bu also greaer low lows. The overall lower lows under climae change and waer demand scenarios resul in a reducion o spawning habia (Figure 22). Under waer conservaion and sorage scenarios spawning habia is greaer or approximaely 5% o he ime or scenarios 4.1 and 4.2, and mos o he ime or scenarios wih waer sorage incorporaed. 6/13/14 43

51 Flow (cs) Flow (cs) DRAFT HOOD RIVER TRIBUTARIES INSTREAM FLOW STUDY EF-Upper Flow Duraion Scenario 1 Scenario 2.1 Scenario 2.2 Scenario 2.3 Scenario 3.1 Scenario 3.2 Scenario 3.3 Scenario 4.1 Scenario 4.2 Scenario 4.3 Scenario 5.1 Scenario 5.2 Scenario Percen Exceedance EF-Upper Flow Duraion (5-95%) Scenario 1 Scenario 2.1 Scenario 2.2 Scenario 2.3 Scenario 3.1 Scenario 3.2 Scenario 3.3 Scenario 4.1 Scenario 4.2 Scenario 4.3 Scenario 5.1 Scenario 5.2 Scenario Percen Exceedance (5-95) Figure 2. Flow duraion curves or 13 low scenarios on upper Eas Fork Hood River. Top, - 1% exceedance; boom, 5-95% exceedance. 6/13/14 44

52 WUA (AWS) WUA (AWS) DRAFT HOOD RIVER TRIBUTARIES INSTREAM FLOW STUDY EF-Upper Chinook Juvenile Habia Duraion Scenario 1 Scenario 2.1 Scenario 2.2 Scenario 2.3 Scenario 3.1 Scenario 3.2 Scenario 3.3 Scenario 4.1 Scenario 4.2 Scenario 4.3 Scenario 5.1 Scenario 5.2 Scenario Percen Exceedance EF-Upper Chinook Juvenile Habia Duraion Scenario 1 Scenario 2.1 Scenario 2.2 Scenario 2.3 Scenario 3.1 Scenario 3.2 Scenario 3.3 Scenario 4.1 Scenario 4.2 Scenario 4.3 Scenario 5.1 Scenario 5.2 Scenario Percen Exceedance (5-95) Figure 21. Chinook juvenile habia duraion or he upper Eas Fork Hood River. 6/13/14 45

53 Flow (cs) Flow (cs) DRAFT HOOD RIVER TRIBUTARIES INSTREAM FLOW STUDY EF-Upper Spawning Flow Duraion Scenario 1 Scenario 2.1 Scenario 2.2 Scenario 2.3 Scenario 3.1 Scenario 3.2 Scenario 3.3 Scenario 4.1 Scenario 4.2 Scenario 4.3 Scenario 5.1 Scenario 5.2 Scenario Percen Exceedance EF-Upper Spawning Flow Duraion Scenario 1 Scenario 2.1 Scenario 2.2 Scenario 2.3 Scenario 3.1 Scenario 3.2 Scenario 3.3 Scenario 4.1 Scenario 4.2 Scenario 4.3 Scenario 5.1 Scenario 5.2 Scenario Percen Exceedance (5-95) Figure 22. Flow duraion curves or Chinook spawning or 13 low scenarios on he upper Eas Fork Hood River. Top, -1% exceedance; boom, 5-95% exceedance. 6/13/14 46

54 WUA (AWS) WUA (AWS) DRAFT HOOD RIVER TRIBUTARIES INSTREAM FLOW STUDY EF-Upper Chinook Spawning Habia Duraion Scenario 1 Scenario 2.1 Scenario 2.2 Scenario 2.3 Scenario 3.1 Scenario 3.2 Scenario 3.3 Scenario 4.1 Scenario 4.2 Scenario 4.3 Scenario 5.1 Scenario 5.2 Scenario Percen Exceedance EF-Upper Chinook Spawning Habia Duraion Scenario 1 Scenario 2.1 Scenario 2.2 Scenario 2.3 Scenario 3.1 Scenario 3.2 Scenario 3.3 Scenario 4.1 Scenario 4.2 Scenario 4.3 Scenario 5.1 Scenario 5.2 Scenario Percen Exceedance (5-95) Figure 23. Chinook spawning habia duraion or he upper Eas Fork Hood River. 6/13/14 47

55 Discussion Alhough we are reporing on all our sreams in a single repor, here are our separae insream low sudies; one each or Green Poin Creek, Neal Creek, Eas Fork Hood River, and Wes Fork Hood River. Even hough all our sreams are ribuaries o he Hood River in he same viciniy, hey vary in size and respond dierenly o hydrologic evens. This became painully eviden when we mobilized or he ield work argeing he calibraion lows. Subsequen o a rain even aer which we hoped o measure high low daa, boh he Eas and Wes Forks responded and became orrens, Green Poin Creek responded moderaely, and Neal Creek low barely increased. O course he elevaion, size, and orienaion o each waershed are responsible or he dieren hydrologic responses o he same rain even. Likewise, he hydraulic habia characerized by each insream low sudy will vary dierenly in response climaic induced changes in low. There is one conclusion common o all sreams: he hydraulic habia index, AWS, indicaes low habia suiabiliy or adul holding in all reaches or all reasonable lows. Low, la AWS curves indicae ha changes in low have lile inluence on adul holding habia. Deep habias are scarce. I easible, resoraion o holding habia would have more inluence on he availabiliy han changes in low. A conroversial indicaion o he AWS/low relaionship or adul and juvenile salmonids in he Eas Fork is he avourabiliy o low lows (Annex A1 and D). This resuled in changing he Chinook spawning HSC or he larger Eas and Wes Forks rom he MFID HSC o he WDFW River HSC. I was noed early in he HSC discussion (Annex A) ha he MFID Chinook spawning HSC indicaed shallow suiabiliy. Alhough appropriae or he smaller sreams, he shallow suiabiliy was no appropriae or he larger sreams. No raional changes could be made o he juvenile or ry HSC. Analysis o he deph and velociy componens o he ransec daa show ha he Eas Fork reaches (paricularly he Upper sie) are shallow and as limiing suiabiliy a higher lows (Annex A1). Recen channel changes and aggradaion may conribue o his. Expansion o he reaches o include more o he river and addiional ransecs would will help deermine i he AWS/low relaionships are inluenced by sies randomly seleced. Insream low sudies rarely answer he quesion, Wha is he bes low? Tha quesion is answered by balancing biological, social, and economic needs. Even when considering only a single species, he index o hydraulic habia or dieren lie-sages will respond dierenly o changing low and no one low will be he bes or all lie-sages. The resuls o hese insream low sudies provide ools o assess he biological impacs o hydraulic habia or he species o ineres in each sream. The primary ools or assessing responses o changing low are he Excel iles in Annexes B1 hrough B5. Each ile conains he resuls or one sudy reach. Each specie/lie-sage habia ime series exceedance saisics and habia duraion graphs are presened in separae workshees. The habia duraion graphs are presened boh as a group o all climae scenarios and as ineracive graphs enabling he user o selec a scenario o compare o he hisorical graph. The user can selec any one o he 12 climae alered scenarios o 6/13/14 48

56 compare wih he hisorical scenario. Each o he graphs are also presened including all exceedance values (% o 1%) and he 5% o 95% range o exceedance values. The 5% o 95% graph eliminaes he exremes and enables he range scale o be reduced or greaer resoluion o he graphs when comparing scenarios. An overview o he insream low sudies and deailed comparisons o he climae scenarios and habia ime series or Chinook spawning and Chinook juvenile rearing in he Upper Eas Fork Reach is presened in Annex C, he inal presenaion o he HRCWPG. The presenaion relies heavily on raser plos, a new way o visualize he ime series daa se. In presenaion mode, he user can oggle beween wo comparaive raser plos on he same slide and see where and when changes o he raser hydrograph and hydraulic habia index occur anywhere in he ime series. Anoher use o he raser plo is o plo he dierence in habia index values beween a climae scenario and he hisorical record. Figure 24 depics decreases in Chinook rearing AWS comparing he uure 5.3 climae scenario o he hisorical record or mos o he Eas Fork Hood River ime series. However, increases in AWS due o scenario 5.3 occur in he summer concurren wih low low and he lowes habia values. The increases in habia values, alhough much less requen, may be o greaer biological signiicance occurring in a poenial habia boleneck. This is urher demonsraed by Figures 25 and 26. The imes when he 5% AWS value (hisorical) are equalled or exceeded are ploed wih a black do over he raser hydrograph o he hisorical (Figure 25) and 5.3 (Figure 26) scenarios. The July hrough Sepember low habia values in he hisorical scenario (Figure 25) correspond o dry periods wihou he black do overlay. Those low AWS values are no exisen in he 5.3 scenario summer (Figure 26). I is imporan o noe ha or a low prescripion in any o hese sreams, addiional habia mapping and poenially addiional ransecs will be required o deermine he applicabiliy o he AWS/low relaionship o reaches no habia mapped in his sudy. Due o available unding each reach was limied o one mile o sream. Many consideraions were included in he reach selecion process and reaches ha are producive and represenaive were chosen. This does no, however, guaranee ha each reach will represen he enire sream. Addiional habia mapping will eiher veriy he represenaiveness or indicae he need or addiional ransecs. 6/13/14 49

57 Figure 24. Change in AWS beween he hisoric climae scenario and scenario 5.3 or Chinook rearing habia in he Eas Fork Hood River. 6/13/14 5

58 Figure 25. Upper Eas Fork Hood hisorical raser hydrograph wih black dos ploed or each day ha he AWS is greaer or equal han he 5% exceedance value or juvenile Chinook rearing. 6/13/14 51