Name Hour. The Behavior of Gases. Practice B
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1 Name Hour The Behavior of Gases Practice B B 1
2 Objective 1: Apply Boyle s Law, Charles s Law, and Gay-Lussac s Law to solve problems involving pressure and volume and temperature. 1. A high-altitude balloon contains 10 Liters of helium gas at 145 kpa. What is the volume when the balloon rises to an altitude where the pressure is only 0.55 atm? (Assume that the temperature remains constant.) 2. If a sample of gas occupies 15.3 Liters at 25 Celsius, what will be its volume at 125 Celsius if the pressure does not change? 3. The gas left in a used rigid aerosol can is at a pressure of 798 mm Hg at 35 Celsius. If this can is thrown onto a fire, what is the pressure of the gas, in kpa, when its temperature reaches 1958 Celsius? 4. Exactly 100 Liters of air at 70 Celsius is warmed to 130 Celsius. What is the new volume if the pressure remains constant? 5. A sample of gas occupies 1350 milliliters at a pressure of 5 atm. The gas is allowed to expand to 760 milliliters while holding temperature constant. What is the new pressure of the gas, in mm Hg? Score: 2
3 Objective 2: Apply the combined gas law to problems involving pressure, temperature and volume. 1. A gas at 98 kpa and 70 Celsius occupies a container with an initial volume of 20 Liters. By changing the volume, the pressure of the gas increases to 1.5 atm as the temperature is raised to 120 Celsius. What is the new volume? 2. A 20 Liter air sample at a temperature of 178 Celsius has a pressure of 3.75 atmospheres. What will be the new pressure if the temperature is raised to 40 Celsius and the volume expands to 50 Liters? 3. A given mass of air has a volume of 4 Liters at 760 mm Hg at a temperature of 15 Celsius. What will the new temperature be (in Celsius) if the gas is allowed to expand to 15 Liters and the pressure drops to 0.75 atmospheres? 4. A gas was collected over water, and the following data was obtained: Total pressure of both gases in container = 1.9 atm; temperature of water = 28 C; volume of gas = 25 ml. Calculate the volume of the DRY gas at STP conditions. 5. A gas was collected over water, and the following data was obtained: Atmospheric pressure = 795 mm Hg; volume of gas = 150 ml; temperature of the water = 25 C. Calculate the volume of the DRY gas at STP conditions Score: 3
4 Objective 3: Apply the ideal gas law to problems involving pressure, volume, temperature and the number of moles. 1. You fill a rigid steel cylinder that has a volume of 250 milliliters with chlorine gas to a final pressure of 15 atmospheres at 25 Celsius. How many grams of chlorine gas does the cylinder contain? 2. What pressure, in kpa, will be exerted by 50 grams of helium gas at 50 Celsius if it is contained in a 1.5 Liter vessel? 3. What volume will 10 grams of neon gas occupy at 45 Celsius and a pressure of 1.3 atm? 4. What is the temperature, in Celsius, of 20 grams of oxygen gas, exerting a pressure of 4.2 atm contained in a 1750 ml vessel? 5. How many moles of a gas are contained in a 150 ml vessel, exerting a pressure of 119 kpa, at a temperature of 30 Celsius degrees? Score: 4
5 Objective 4: Apply Graham s Law to solve problems involving rates of effusion of gases. 1. Place the following gases in order of increasing average molecular speed at 300 Kelvin. Carbon dioxide, sulfur pentafluoride, bromine gas, hydrogen chloride. Write their formulas in your answer. 2. Calculate the ratio of the velocity of neon atoms to the velocity of chlorine molecules at the same temperature. 3. A certain gas effuses 3.5 times as fast as oxygen gas. What is the molar mass of the gas? 4. During an effusion experiment, it took 90 seconds for a certain number of moles of an unknown gas to pass through a tiny hole. Under the same conditions, the same number of moles of oxygen gas passed through the hole in 50 seconds. What is the molar mass of the unknown gas? 5. A certain gas, A, traveled 30 cm in a gas diffusion tube in the same time that a different gas, B, traveled 60 cm. Calculate the experimental ratio of their velocities. Which gas is the lighter gas? Score: 5
6 Objective 5: Applications of the Ideal Gas Equation (Honors Only) 1. Calculate the density of sulfur tetrafluoride gas at 978 torr and 58 C. 2. Calculate the molar mass of a vapor that has a density of g/l at 102 C and 798 torr. 3. The molar mass of a volatile substance was determined by the Dumas-bulb method. The unknown vapor had a mass of grams; the volume of the bulb was 1550 cm 3, pressure 700 torr, and temperature of 80 C. Calculate the molar mass of the unknown vapor. 4. Calculate the density of dinitrogen pentoxide gas at atm and 140 C. 5. Calculate the molar mass of a gas if 25 grams occupies a volume of 7500 ml at 165 kpa and 145 C. Score: 6
7 Objective 6: The Gas Laws and Stoichiometry 1. Aluminum metal reacts with oxygen gas to form solid aluminum oxide. a. Write the balanced equation. b. If an enclosure of Liters has a partial pressure of oxygen of 5.5 x 10-3 torr at 47 C, what mass of aluminum will react? c. In the same reaction, how many grams of aluminum oxide form, assuming a 90% yield? 2. Consider the complete combustion of liquid hexane, C 6H 14. a. Write the balanced equation, (each product is gaseous). b. What volume of oxygen gas, measured at 50 C and atm, is needed to react with 30 grams of hexane? c. What volume of each product is produced under the same conditions? Score: 7
8 Objective 7: Distributed Practice Directions: Solve the following problems. Show all work, including units within the problem. 1. What is the density of chlorine gas at STP? 2. Hydrogen gas reacts with ethene (C 2H 4) to form ethane (C 2H 6) in a combination reaction. a. Write the balanced equation: b. What is the limiting reagent when 50 grams of C 2H 4 reacts with 4.5 grams of hydrogen gas, and how much C 2H 6 forms? c. How much excess reagent is left over at the end of this reaction? 3. When calcium metal reacts with hydrochloric acid, it generates 100 kj of heat energy. a. Write the balanced thermochemical equation. b. Draw an enthalpy diagram. c. How many grams of calcium must react to liberate 1500 kj of heat energy? Score: 8
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