P215 Respiratory System, Part 2
|
|
- Ami Dixon
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 P15 Respiratory System, Part Gas Exchange Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide constant need for oxygen constant production of carbon dioxide exchange (and movement) lung alveoli pulmonary arteries pulmonary capillaries pulmonary veins present present C present right atrium left atrium C present systemic veins right ventricle left ventricle systemic capillaries systemic arteries from figure 17.1 interstitial fluid body cells
2 Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide movement of gases in lungs: gases diffuse between alveoli and blood throughout body: gases diffuse between blood, interstitial fluid and body cells alveoli blood interstitial fluid cells mitochondria for gas exchange to work by diffusion... there must be a an oxygen alveoli blood interstitial fluid cells oxygen mitochondria oxygen and there must be a concentration gradient alveoli blood interstitial fluid cells mitochondria carbon dioxide carbon dioxide diffusion of a gas depends on difference in amount of a gas depends on difference in of a gas partial pressure atmospheric air has a pressure about mm Hg at sea level air is a mixture of gases each gas in air contributes part of the total pressure contribution is proportional to what percent of the total air that the gas is so... each gas in a mix of gases (air) has a examples of partial pressure of gases in air N nitrogen 79 % of air 0.79 X 760 mm Hg = 600 mm Hg oxygen % of air 0.1 X 760 mm Hg = mm Hg C carbon dioxide % of air X 760 mm Hg = mm Hg partial pressure of a gas is related to higher partial pressure of a ga: a gas has a partial pressure whether it s in or it s dissolved in a PN P PC
3 diffusion of gases partial pressures help determine in which direction gases diffuse partial pressure always true whenever / wherever a gas is diffusing... partial pressure P alveoli blood interstitial fluid cells mitochondria P PC alveoli blood interstitial fluid cells mitochondria PC partial pressures for a person at rest lung alveoli PC mm Hg P mm Hg diffusion C diffusion pulmonary arteries pulmonary capillaries pulmonary veins mm Hg P mm Hg P mm Hg PC right atrium left atrium mm Hg PC systemic veins right ventricle left ventricle systemic capillaries systemic arteries from figure 17.4 diffusion mm Hg C diffusion PC P body cells mm Hg interstitial fluid
4 diffusion of gases gases can diffuse until partial pressures are breathing repeatedly adds oxygen air spaces in lungs P 100 mm Hg P P 100 mm Hg pulmonary arteries pulmonary capillaries pulmonary veins right side of heart systemic veins systemic capillaries systemic arteries left side of heart P unless prevented P 100 mm Hg body cells P cellular metabolism continuous use oxygen breathing repeatedly removes carbon dioxide air spaces in lungs PC PC 46 mm Hg PC pulmonary arteries pulmonary capillaries pulmonary veins right side of heart systemic veins systemic capillaries systemic arteries left side of heart PC 46 mm Hg unless prevented PC body cells PC 46 mm Hg cellular metabolism continuous production carbon dioxide
5 equilibration in pulmonary capillaries under resting conditions, equilibration happens as blood flows along capillaries 100 mm Hg oxygen diffusing into pulmonary capillaries 46 mm Hg carbon dioxide diffusing out of pulmonary capillaries partial pressure oxygen partial pressure carbon dioxide beginning middle blood flow end beginning middle blood flow end from figure 17.5 under resting conditions, diffusion of O and CO has finished about of the total distance along pulmonary capillaries when more oxygen is needed and more carbon dioxide is produced (exercise) more time and distance are available under very demanding conditions (losts of O and CO) full equilibration might not happen by the time blood leaves pulmonary capillaries several factors help equilibration be rapid walls of blood vessels and alveoli distances that gases diffuse blood flow in capillaries but... tain t a perfect world and problems can occur that llimit diffusion and interfere with equilibration
6 diffusion of gases partial pressure says something about the amount of oxygen present in blood for example, P = 100 mm Hg P = in blood in blood but, P does NOT tell us the of oxygen present in blood four reasons #1 P indictes only the oxygen # #3 amount of oxygen dissolved in blood plasma because oxygen is not very in water (blood plasma) most oxygen in blood is bound to in RBCs #4 bound oxygen does to partial pressure of oxygen in blood plasma H O H O H O O H O RBCs with Hb = hemoglobins carrying oxygen total amount of oxygen in blood depends on how much is in blood plasma and how much is bound in RBCs this leads us to one of the primary functions of circulating blood... of oxygen and carbon dioxide in blood three steps: 1) ) 3)
7 transport of gases in blood oxygen oxygen enters blood passing along pulmonary capillaries 00 milliliters of oxygen present in every liter of blood how is that oxygen carried?? 00 ml 3 ml ( % of total oxygen) 197 ML ( %) hemoglobin (Hb) molecules globin strands heme groups with an Fe alpha strand beta strand beta strand alpha strand each heme group with iron in Hb holds oxygen molecule each Hb holds up to oxygen molecules lots of Hb molecules in each RBC lots of RBCs in CVS blood has enormous oxygen carrying capacity in capillaries deoxyhemoglobin oxygen some oygen oxyhemoglobin
8 transport of gases in blood - loading oxygen difference in P helps determine in which oxygen diffuses P P alveoli Blood in Pulmonary Capillaries first part of capillaries O O O P 100 mm Hg P Hb sites occupied by alveoli Blood in Pulmonary Capillaries O O P 100 mm Hg P 60 mm Hg Hb sites occupied by alveoli Blood in Pulmonary Capillaries O O P 100 mm Hg P 80 mm Hg Hb sites occupied by alveoli Blood in Pulmonary Capillaries last part of capillaries O O P 100 mm Hg P 100 mm Hg Hb sites occupied by hemoglobin allows lots of oxygen to move into blood because... 1) there are many Hbs in RBCs to bind oxygen ) binding to Hb keeps P in blood low enough so that oxygen keeps diffusing into from - partial pressure differences still determines the direction of oxygen diffusion diffusion ends when partial pressures in and are the same
9 transport of gases in blood - unloading oxygen deoxyhemoglobin oxygen in capillaries oxyhemoglobin first part of capillaries interstitial Fluid Blood in SYSTEMIC Capillaries O O P P 100 mm Hg HB sites occupied by interstitial Fluid Blood in SYSTEMIC Capillaries O O O P P 70 mm Hg HB sites occupied by last part of capillaries interstitial Fluid Blood in SYSTEMIC Capillaries O O O P P HB sites occupied by hemoglobin allows lots of oxygen to move out of blood because... 1) there are many Hbs in RBCs to unload some oxygen ) unloading from Hb keeps P in blood high enough so that oxygen keeps diffusing from to - partial pressure differences still determines the direction of oxygen diffusion diffusion ends when partial pressures in and are the same
10 hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve from figures 17.9 and % 100% 80% 80% hemoglobin sites filled with oxygen 60% 60% 40% 40% 0% under resting conditions 0% P (mm Hg) shift of curve to the left causes of shift ph temperature PC affinity of Hb for oxygen shift of curve to the right causes of shift ph temperature PC affinity of Hb for oxygen oxygen pickup oxygen unloading oxygen pickup oxygen unloading typical location typical location in capillaries 100% 80% in capillaries hemoglobin sites filled with oxygen 60% 40% 0% P (mm Hg)
11 transport of gases in blood oxygen carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning carbon dioxide C enters blood in systemic capillaries 540 ml per liter of blood in systemic veins C C C 30 ml ( %) 39 ML ( %) C 470 ML ( %) in systemic capillaries as C enters blood C H O H HCO 3 enzyme more C : H ph in pulmonary capillaries as C leaves blood C H O H HCO 3 enzyme less C : H ph
12 Regulation of Ventilation brain s involvement respiratory control centers forebrain spinal motor neurons respiratory control centers brainstem breathing muscles diaphragm phrenic nerve spinal cord external intercostals internal intercostals intercostal nerves forebrain cerebral cortex sensory input brainstem respiratory control centers spinal motor neurons from figure breathing muscles
13 Regulation of Ventilation sensory input - influence on breathing chemoreceptors - two kinds first kind: chemoreceptors chemically sensitive cells in carotid arteries from figure brain stem sensory axons respiratory control centers blood flowing along carotid artery monitor arterial blood as it passes by sensitive cells in carotid arteries i) ii) iii) from figure second kind: chemoreceptors nerve cells in brain stem H O C brain stem respiratory control centers C brain capillary and red blood cells H from figure 17.0 H HCO 3 monitor extracellular fluid in brain i)
14 Regulation of Ventilation what changes in oxygen and carbon dioxide levels stimulate breathing? arterial blood brain P PC PC ph [H ] ph [H ] peripheral chemoreceptors central chemoreceptors respiratory control centers from figure 17.1 more ventilation minute ventilation (liters/min) as P PO what is declines, minute ventilation in arterial blood at rest? to what does P in arterial blood fall before breathing rate rises significantly? from figure P (mm Hg) as PC rises, minute ventilation PCO 30 what is in arterial blood at rest? minute ventilation (liters/min) 0 10 to what does PC in arterial blood rise before breathing rate rises significantly? as PC continues to rise, minute ventilation PC (mm Hg)... eventually is the system that controls breathing more sensitive to the level of: oxygen? carbon dioxide? oxygen and carbon dioxide equally? why?
15 Regulation of Ventilation - Hyperventilation and Hypoventilation suppose someone begins to work out hypernea = in ventilation that takes care of... production of C (and use of ) as a result suppose someone at rest begins to breathe more often and more deeply hyperventilation = in ventilation that production of C (and use of ) as a result arterial arterial PC arterial P PC arterial P 100 mm Hg suppose someone at rest begins to breathe less often and more shallowly hypoventilation = in ventilation that production of CO (and use of ) as a result arterial arterial PC P 100 mm Hg ph (concentration of free hydrogen ions) in body fluids is regulated normal ph range: acidois - alkalosis - respiratory acidosis is caused by: hypernea? hyperventilation? hypoventilation? respiratory alkolosis is caused by: hypernea? hyperventilation? hypoventilation? changes in breathing can help to compensate for metabolic changes that lead to acidosis or alkalosis if someone is in metabolic acidosis due to diabetes mellitus, how would breathing help to return ph toward normal? is the respiratory response fast (within minutes) or slow (within days)?
Chapter 17 The Respiratory System: Gas Exchange and Regulation of Breathing
Chapter 17 The Respiratory System: Gas Exchange and Regulation of Breathing Overview of Pulmonary Circulation o Diffusion of Gases o Exchange of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide o Transport of Gases in the Blood
More informationHCO - 3 H 2 CO 3 CO 2 + H H H + Breathing rate is regulated by blood ph and C02. CO2 and Bicarbonate act as a ph Buffer in the blood
Breathing rate is regulated by blood ph and C02 breathing reduces plasma [CO2]; plasma [CO2] increases breathing. When C02 levels are high, breating rate increases to blow off C02 In low C02 conditions,
More informationPhysiology Unit 4 RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY
Physiology Unit 4 RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY In Physiology Today Respiration External respiration ventilation gas exchange Internal respiration cellular respiration gas exchange Respiratory Cycle Inspiration
More informationRespiratory Lecture Test Questions Set 3
Respiratory Lecture Test Questions Set 3 1. The pressure of a gas: a. is inversely proportional to its volume b. is unaffected by temperature changes c. is directly proportional to its volume d. does not
More informationChapter 13 The Respiratory System
Chapter 13 The Respiratory System by Dr. Jay M. Templin Brooks/Cole - Thomson Learning Atmosphere Tissue cell External respiration Alveoli of lungs 1 Ventilation or gas exchange between the atmosphere
More informationRespiratory System Physiology. Dr. Vedat Evren
Respiratory System Physiology Dr. Vedat Evren Respiration Processes involved in oxygen transport from the atmosphere to the body tissues and the release and transportation of carbon dioxide produced in
More informationSection Three Gas transport
Section Three Gas transport Lecture 6: Oxygen transport in blood. Carbon dioxide in blood. Objectives: i. To describe the carriage of O2 in blood. ii. iii. iv. To explain the oxyhemoglobin dissociation
More informationChapter 23. Gas Exchange and Transportation
Chapter 23 Gas Exchange and Transportation What is air? Mixture of gasses 78.6 % nitrogen 20.9% oxygen 0.04% carbon dioxide 0 4% water vapor depending on temperature and humidity and minor gases argon,
More informationChapter 23. Gas Exchange and Transportation
Chapter 23 Gas Exchange and Transportation What is air? Mixture of gasses 78.6 % nitrogen 20.9% oxygen 0.04% carbon dioxide 0 4% water vapor depending on temperature and humidity other minor gases argon,
More informationOxygen and Carbon dioxide Transport. Dr. Laila Al-Dokhi
Oxygen and Carbon dioxide Transport Dr. Laila Al-Dokhi Objectives 1. Understand the forms of oxygen transport in the blood, the importance of each. 2. Differentiate between O2 capacity, O2 content and
More informationPco2 *20times = 0.6, 2.4, so the co2 carried in the arterial blood in dissolved form is more than the o2 because of its solubility.
Physiology, sheet #9 Oxygen, is first dissolved in the plasma and the cytosol of the rbc, we have around blood constitutes 7% of our body weight, oxygen, in the capillaries is present in the rbc s and
More informationChapter 13 The Respiratory System
VI edit Pag 451-499 Chapter 13 The Respiratory System V edit. Pag 459-509 Tissue cell Alveoli of lungs Atmosphere 1 External respiration Ventilation or gas exchange between the atmosphere and air sacs
More information- How do the carotid bodies sense arterial blood gases? o The carotid bodies weigh 25mg, yet they have their own artery. This means that they have
- How do the carotid bodies sense arterial blood gases? o The carotid bodies weigh 25mg, yet they have their own artery. This means that they have the highest blood flow of all organs, which makes them
More informationEssential Skills Course Acute Care Module. Respiratory Day 2 (Arterial Blood Gases) Pre course Workbook
Essential Skills Course Acute Care Module Respiratory Day 2 (Arterial Blood Gases) Pre course Workbook Acknowledgements This pre course workbook has been complied and updated with reference to the original
More informationRespiration - Human 1
Respiration - Human 1 At the end of the lectures on respiration you should be able to, 1. Describe events in the respiratory processes 2. Discuss the mechanism of lung ventilation in human 3. Discuss the
More informationChapter 22 The Respiratory System
Chapter 22 The Respiratory System 1 Respiration Pulmonary ventilation (breathing): movement of air into and out of the lungs External respiration: O 2 and CO 2 exchange between the lungs and the blood
More informationRespiratory System Study Guide, Chapter 16
Part I. Clinical Applications Name: Respiratory System Study Guide, Chapter 16 Lab Day/Time: 1. A person with ketoacidosis may hyperventilate. Explain why this occurs, and explain why this hyperventilation
More informationGas exchange. Tissue cells CO2 CO 2 O 2. Pulmonary capillary. Tissue capillaries
Gas exchange Pulmonary gas exchange Tissue gas exchange CO 2 O 2 O 2 Tissue cells CO2 CO 2 Pulmonary capillary O 2 O 2 CO 2 Tissue capillaries Physical principles of gas exchange Diffusion: continuous
More informationGAS EXCHANGE & PHYSIOLOGY
GAS EXCHANGE & PHYSIOLOGY Atmospheric Pressure Intra-Alveolar Pressure Inspiration 760 mm HG at Sea Level (= 1 atm) Pressure due to gases (N2, O2, CO2, Misc.) Pressure inside the alveolus (air sac) Phrenic
More informationPhysiology of Respiration
Physiology of Respiration External Respiration = pulmonary ventilation breathing involves 2 processes: inspiration expiration Inspiration an active process involves contraction of diaphragm innervated
More informationChapter 16 Respiration. Respiration. Steps in Respiration. Functions of the respiratory system
Chapter 16 Respiration Functions of the respiratory system Respiration The term respiration includes 3 separate functions: Ventilation: Breathing. Gas exchange: Occurs between air and blood in the lungs.
More informationRespiration. The resspiratory system
Respiration The resspiratory system The Alveoli The lungs have about 300 million alveoli, with a total crosssec onal area of 50 70 m2.. Each alveolar sac is surrounded by blood capillaries. The walls of
More informationQuestion 1: Define vital capacity. What is its significance? Vital capacity is the maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inspiration. It is about 3.5 4.5 litres in the human body. It
More informationAIIMS, New Delhi. Dr. K. K. Deepak, Prof. & HOD, Physiology AIIMS, New Delhi Dr. Geetanjali Bade, Asst. Professor AIIMS, New Delhi
Course : PG Pathshala-Biophysics Paper 13 : Physiological Biophysics Module 17 : Gas transport and pulmonary circulation Principal Investigator: Co-Principal Investigator: Paper Coordinator: Content Writer:
More informationCHAPTER 3: The respiratory system
CHAPTER 3: The respiratory system Practice questions - text book pages 56-58 1) When the inspiratory muscles contract, which one of the following statements is true? a. the size of the thoracic cavity
More informationalveoli Chapter 42. Gas Exchange elephant seals gills AP Biology
alveoli Chapter 42. Gas Exchange gills elephant seals Gas exchange O 2 & CO 2 exchange exchange between environment & cells provides O 2 for aerobic cellular respiration need moist membrane need high
More information2. State the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a normal breathing.
CLASS XI BIOLOGY Breathing And Exchange of Gases 1. Define vital capacity. What is its significance? Answer: Vital Capacity (VC): The maximum volume of air a person can breathe in after a forced expiration.
More informationIV. FROM AQUATIC TO ATMOSPHERIC BREATHING: THE TRACHEA & THE LUNG
GAS EXCHANGE AND TRANSPORT I. INTRODUCTION: Heterotrophs oxidize carbon cmpds using O 2 to generate CO 2 & H 2 O. This is cellular respiration II. HOW GAS ENTERS A CELL A. The composition of air: 79% N
More informationUnit II Problem 4 Physiology: Diffusion of Gases and Pulmonary Circulation
Unit II Problem 4 Physiology: Diffusion of Gases and Pulmonary Circulation - Physical principles of gases: Pressure of a gas is caused by the movement of its molecules against a surface (more concentration
More informationrespiratory cycle. point in the volumes: 500 milliliters. for men. expiration, up to 1200 milliliters extra makes breathing Respiratory
10 II. RESPIRATORY VOLUMES, CAPACITIES & PULMONARY FUNCTION TESTS Respiratory volume is the term used for various volumes of air moved by or associated with the lungs at a given point in the respiratory
More informationAP Biology. Chapter 42. Gas Exchange. Optimizing gas exchange. Gas exchange. Gas exchange in many forms. Evolution of gas exchange structures
alveoli Chapter 42. Gas Exchange gills elephant seals Gas exchange & C exchange exchange between environment & cells provides for aerobic cellular respiration need moist membrane need high surface area
More informationGas Exchange Respiratory Systems
alveoli gills Gas Exchange Respiratory Systems elephant seals 2008-2009 Why do we need a respiratory system? respiration for respiration Need O 2 in for aerobic cellular respiration make ATP Need CO 2
More informationHuman Biology Respiratory System
Human Biology Respiratory System Respiratory System Responsible for process of breathing Works in cooperation with Circulatory system Three types: 1. Internal Respiration 2. External Respiration 3. Cellular
More informationChapter 16 Respiratory System
Introduction Chapter 16 Respiratory System The respiratory system consists of tubes that filter incoming air and transport it to alveoli where gases are exchanged. Think pair share: what organs are associated
More informationRESPIRATORY REGULATION DURING EXERCISE
RESPIRATORY REGULATION DURING EXERCISE Respiration Respiration delivery of oxygen to and removal of carbon dioxide from the tissue External respiration ventilation and exchange of gases in the lung Internal
More informationCirculatory And Respiration
Circulatory And Respiration Composition Of Blood Blood Heart 200mmHg 120mmHg Aorta Artery Arteriole 50mmHg Capillary Bed Venule Vein Vena Cava Heart Differences Between Arteries and Veins Veins transport
More informationSome major points on the Effects of Hypoxia
Some major points on the Effects of Hypoxia Source: Kings College London http://www.kcl.ac.uk/teares/gktvc/vc/dental/year1/lectures/rbmsmajorpoints/effectsofhypoxia.htm Cells obtain their energy from oxygen.
More informationAP Biology. Gas Exchange Respiratory Systems. Gas exchange. Why do we need a respiratory system? Optimizing gas exchange. Gas exchange in many forms
alveoli Gas Exchange Respiratory Systems gills elephant seals 2008-2009 Why do we need a respiratory system? Need O 2 in food respiration for respiration for aerobic cellular respiration make ATP Need
More informationCHAPTER 6. Oxygen Transport. Copyright 2008 Thomson Delmar Learning
CHAPTER 6 Oxygen Transport Normal Blood Gas Value Ranges Table 6-1 OXYGEN TRANSPORT Oxygen Dissolved in the Blood Plasma Dissolve means that the gas maintains its precise molecular structure About.003
More information82 Respiratory Tract NOTES
82 Respiratory Tract NOTES RESPIRATORY TRACT The respiratory tract conducts air to the lungs where gaseous exchange occurs. It is separated into air-conducting and respiratory (where gas exchange occurs)
More informationI Physical Principles of Gas Exchange
Respiratory Gases Exchange Dr Badri Paudel, M.D. 2 I Physical Principles of Gas Exchange 3 Partial pressure The pressure exerted by each type of gas in a mixture Diffusion of gases through liquids Concentration
More informationBreathing: The normal rate is about 14 to 20 times a minute. Taking in of air is called Inspiration and the forcing out of air is called Expiration.
Biology 12 Respiration Divisions of Respiration Breathing: entrance and exit of air into and out of the lungs External Respiration: exchange of gases(o2 and CO2) between air (in alveoli) and blood Internal
More informationI. Gas Exchange Respiratory Surfaces Respiratory Surface:
I. Gas Exchange Respiratory Surfaces Respiratory Surface: Common characteristics of respiratory surfaces: a) Moist: allows for the RAPID diffusion of dissolved gasses across its surface. Whereas the respiratory
More informationRESPIRATION III SEMESTER BOTANY MODULE II
III SEMESTER BOTANY MODULE II RESPIRATION Lung Capacities and Volumes Tidal volume (TV) air that moves into and out of the lungs with each breath (approximately 500 ml) Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
More informationAlveolus and Respiratory Membrane
Alveolus and Respiratory Membrane thin membrane where gas exchange occurs in the lungs, simple squamous epithelium (Squamous cells have the appearance of thin, flat plates. They fit closely together in
More informationRespiratory physiology II.
Respiratory physiology II. Learning objectives: 29. Pulmonary gas exchange. 30. Oxygen transport in the blood. 31. Carbon-dioxide transport in the blood. 1 Pulmonary gas exchange The transport mechanism
More informationRecitation question # 05
Recitation and Lab # 05 The goal of this recitations / labs is to review material related to the CV and respiratory lectures for the second test of this course. Info required to answer this recitation
More informationSection 01: The Pulmonary System
Section 01: The Pulmonary System Chapter 12 Pulmonary Structure and Function Chapter 13 Gas Exchange and Transport Chapter 14 Dynamics of Pulmonary Ventilation HPHE 6710 Exercise Physiology II Dr. Cheatham
More informationRegulation of Ventilation, Ventilation/ Perfusion Ratio, and Transport of Gases
M07_LIMM3516_01_SE_C07.indd Page 37 1/28/11 4:38 PM user-s146 Standard Pathophysiology TOPIC Competency Applies fundamental knowledge of the pathophysiology of respiration and perfusion to patient assessment
More informationRespiratory system & exercise. Dr. Rehab F Gwada
Respiratory system & exercise Dr. Rehab F Gwada Objectives of lecture Outline the major anatomical components & important functions of the respiratory system. Describe the mechanics of ventilation. List
More informationGases and Respiration. Respiration Overview I
Respiration Overview I Respiration Overview II Gas Laws Equation of State: PV = nrt Same volumes of different gases have same # of molecules BTPS: body temp, atmospheric pressure, saturated ATPS: ambient
More informationLECTURE NOTES ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY II (A. IMHOLTZ) RESPIRATORY P1 OF 8
LECTURE NOTES ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY II (A. IMHOLTZ) RESPIRATORY P1 OF 8 I. The main functions of the respiratory system include: a. Exchange of O 2 and CO 2. b. Voice production. c. Regulation of plasma
More informationBREATHING AND EXCHANGE OF GASES
96 BIOLOGY, EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS CHAPTER 17 BREATHING AND EXCHANGE OF GASES MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. Respiration in insects is called direct because a. The tissues exchange O 2 directly with the air in
More informationCHAPTER 3: The cardio-respiratory system
: The cardio-respiratory system Exam style questions - text book pages 44-45 1) Describe the structures involved in gaseous exchange in the lungs and explain how gaseous exchange occurs within this tissue.
More information(Slide 1) Lecture Notes: Respiratory System
(Slide 1) Lecture Notes: Respiratory System I. (Slide 2) The Respiratory Tract A) Major structures and regions of the respiratory Tract/Route INTO body 1) nose 2) nasal cavity 3) pharynx 4) glottis 5)
More informationRespiration (revised 2006) Pulmonary Mechanics
Respiration (revised 2006) Pulmonary Mechanics PUL 1. Diagram how pleural pressure, alveolar pressure, airflow, and lung volume change during a normal quiet breathing cycle. Identify on the figure the
More informationLung Volumes and Capacities
Lung Volumes and Capacities Normally the volume of air entering the lungs during a single inspiration is approximately equal to the volume leaving on the subsequent expiration and is called the tidal volume.
More information660 mm Hg (normal, 100 mm Hg, room air) Paco, (arterial Pc02) 36 mm Hg (normal, 40 mm Hg) % saturation 50% (normal, 95%-100%)
148 PHYSIOLOGY CASES AND PROBLEMS Case 26 Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Herman Neiswander is a 65-year-old retired landscape architect in northern Wisconsin. One cold January morning, he decided to warm his
More informationExam Key. NROSCI/BIOSC 1070 and MSNBIO 2070 Exam # 2 October 28, 2016 Total POINTS: % of grade in class
NROSCI/BIOSC 1070 and MSNBIO 2070 Exam # 2 October 28, 2016 Total POINTS: 100 20% of grade in class 1) An arterial blood sample for a patient at sea level is obtained, and the following physiological values
More informationRESPIRATORY GAS EXCHANGE
RESPIRATORY GAS EXCHANGE Alveolar PO 2 = 105 mmhg; Pulmonary artery PO 2 = 40 mmhg PO 2 gradient across respiratory membrane 65 mmhg (105 mmhg 40 mmhg) Results in pulmonary vein PO 2 ~100 mmhg Partial
More informationGASEOUS EXCHANGE 17 JULY 2013
GASEOUS EXCHANGE 17 JULY 2013 Lesson Description In this lesson we: Discuss what is gaseous exchange? Consider requirements of an efficient gaseous exchange surface. Look at diversity in gas exchange systems.
More informationLesson 9.1: The Importance of an Organ Delivery System
Lesson 9.1: The Importance of an Organ Delivery System Animals require a continuous supply of oxygen (O 2 ) for cellular respiration, and they must expel carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), the waste product of this
More informationGas Exchange in Animals. Uptake of O2 from environment and discharge of CO2. Respiratory medium! water for aquatic animals, air for terrestial
Gas Exchange in Animals Uptake of O2 from environment and discharge of CO2 Respiratory medium! water for aquatic animals, air for terrestial Respiratory surface! skin, gills, lungs Circulatory System O2/CO2
More informationStructures of the Respiratory System include:
Respiratory System Structures of the Respiratory System include: ü Oral Cavity ü Nasal Cavity ü Pharynx ü Epiglottis ü Larynx ü Trachea ü Diaphragm ü Lung ü Bronchus ü Bronchioles ü Alveolus ü Pulmonary
More information2.1.1 List the principal structures of the
physiology 2.1.1 List the principal structures of the The principle structures of the respiratory are: Nose/Mouth used for inhalation of oxygen-rich air and expelling carbon dioxide rich air Pharynx -
More informationPhysical Chemistry of Gases: Gas Exchange Linda Costanzo, Ph.D.
Physical Chemistry of Gases: Gas Exchange Linda Costanzo, Ph.D. OBJECTIVES: After studying this lecture, the student should understand: 1. Application of the gas laws to pulmonary physiology. 2. How to
More informationThen the partial pressure of oxygen is x 760 = 160 mm Hg
1 AP Biology March 2008 Respiration Chapter 42 Gas exchange occurs across specialized respiratory surfaces. 1) Gas exchange: the uptake of molecular oxygen (O2) from the environment and the discharge of
More informationThe Respiratory System. Medical Terminology
The Respiratory System Medical Terminology The respiratory system is where gas exchange occurs via respiration; inhalation/exhalation. pick up oxygen from inhaled air expels carbon dioxide and water sinus
More informationOxygen, Carbon Dioxide Respiration Gas Transport Chapter 21-23
nd Lecture Fri 06 Mar 009 Vertebrate Physiology ECOL 437 (MCB/VetSci 437) Univ. of Arizona, spring 009 Kevin Bonine & Kevin Oh Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide Respiration Gas Transport Chapter 1-3 1 Housekeeping,
More informationUNIFYING CONCEPTS OF ANIMAL CIRCULATION
UNIFYING CONCEPTS OF ANIMAL CIRCULATION Every organism must exchange materials with its environment, relying upon diffusion, the spontaneous movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to
More informationRespiratory Physiology. Adeyomoye O.I
Respiratory Physiology By Adeyomoye O.I Outline Introduction Hypoxia Dyspnea Control of breathing Ventilation/perfusion ratios Respiratory/barometric changes in exercise Intra-pulmonary & intra-pleural
More informationRespiratory system. Premedical - Biology
Respiratory system Premedical - Biology Composition of atmosphere Nitrogen (N 2 ) 840 ppmv (78.084%) Oxygen (O 2 ) 209,460 ppmv (20.946%) Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) 387 ppmv (0.0387%) Argon (Ar), Neon (Ne),
More informationNROSCI/BIOSC 1070 and MSNBIO 2070 Exam # 2 October 28, 2016 Total POINTS: % of grade in class
NROSCI/BIOSC 1070 and MSNBIO 2070 Exam # 2 October 28, 2016 Total POINTS: 100 20% of grade in class 1) An arterial blood sample for a patient at sea level is obtained, and the following physiological values
More informationChapter 11: Respiratory System Review Assignment
Name: Date: Mark: / 45 Chapter 11: Respiratory System Review Assignment Multiple Choice = 45 Marks Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Which of the following
More informationSection Two Diffusion of gases
Section Two Diffusion of gases Lecture 5: Partial pressure and the composition of gasses in air. Factors affecting diffusion of gases. Ventilation perfusion ratio effect on alveolar gas concentration.
More informationRespiration. Chapter 39
Respiration Chapter 39 Impacts, Issues Up in Smoke Smoking immobilizes ciliated cells and kills white blood cells that defend the respiratory system; highly addictive nicotine discourages quitting 39.1
More informationBREATHING AND EXCHANGE OF GASES
96 BIOLOGY, EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS CHAPTER 17 BREATHING AND EXCHANGE OF GASES MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. Respiration in insects is called direct because a. The cell exchange O 2 directly with the air in the
More informationChapter 23: Respiratory System
Chapter 23: Respiratory System I. Functions of the Respiratory System A. List and describe the five major functions of the respiratory system: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. II. Anatomy and Histology of the Respiratory
More informationThen the partial pressure of oxygen is. b) Gases will diffuse down a pressure gradient across a respiratory surface if it is: i) permeable ii) moist
1 AP Biology March 2008 Respiration Chapter 42 Gas exchange occurs across specialized respiratory surfaces. 1) Gas exchange: Relies on the diffusion of gases down pressure gradients. At sea level, atmosphere
More informationUNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION MUST, AT ALL TIMES, ACCEPT THE ENTIRE CARDIAC OUTPUT
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION MUST, AT ALL TIMES, ACCEPT THE ENTIRE CARDIAC OUTPUT UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION
More informationExperiment B-3 Respiration
1 Experiment B-3 Respiration Objectives To study the diffusion process of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and pulmonary capillaries. To determine the percentage of oxygen in exhaled air while
More informationPICU Resident Self-Study Tutorial The Basic Physics of Oxygen Transport. I was told that there would be no math!
Physiology of Oxygen Transport PICU Resident Self-Study Tutorial I was told that there would be no math! INTRODUCTION Christopher Carroll, MD Although cells rely on oxygen for aerobic metabolism and viability,
More informationCHAPTER 17 BREATHING AND EXCHANGE OF GASES
268 BIOLOGY CHAPTER 17 BREATHING AND EXCHANGE OF GASES 17.1 Respiratory Organs 17.2 Mechanism of Breathing 17.3 Exchange of Gases 17.4 Transport of Gases 17.5 Regulation of Respiration 17.6 Disorders of
More informationLAB 7 HUMAN RESPIRATORY LAB. Complete the charts on pgs. 67 and 68 and read directions for using BIOPAC
66 LAB 7 HUMAN RESPIRATORY LAB Assignments: Due before lab: Quiz: Three Respiratory Interactive Physiology Animations pages 69 73. Complete the charts on pgs. 67 and 68 and read directions for using BIOPAC
More informationRespiratory Physiology
chapter 4 Respiratory Physiology I. LUNG VOLUMES AND CAPACITIES A. Lung volumes (Figure 4-1) 1. Tidal volume (TV) is the volume inspired or expired with each normal breath. 2. Inspiratory reserve volume
More informationRespiratory Physiology. Dr. Awni Khrais Associate Professor Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University
Respiratory Physiology Dr. Awni Khrais Associate Professor Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University Email: a_khrais@philadelphia.edu.jo Learning Outcomes At the end of this chapter, students will be
More informationTransport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Blood and Tissue Fluids
C H A P T E R 4 Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Blood and Tissue Fluids Once oxygen has diffused from the alveoli into the pulmonary blood, it is transported to the peripheral tissue capillaries
More informationRespiratory System. Part 2
Respiratory System Part 2 Respiration Exchange of gases between air and body cells Three steps 1. Ventilation 2. External respiration 3. Internal respiration Ventilation Pulmonary ventilation consists
More informationRespiratory Anatomy and Physiology. Respiratory Anatomy. Function of the Respiratory System
Respiratory Anatomy and Physiology Michaela Dixon Clinical Development Nurse PICU BRHFC Respiratory Anatomy Function of the Respiratory System - In conjunction with the cardiovascular system, to supply
More informationOutline - Respiratory System. Function of the respiratory system Parts of the respiratory system Mechanics of breathing Regulation of breathing
Respiratory system Function Outline - Respiratory System I. II. III. IV. Respiratory System The function of the respiratory system is to bring in oxygen to the body and remove carbon dioxide. Function
More informationsystem. and then into the tissues. Diffusion of wastes such as Carbon Dioxide from tissues into blood and out of blood into the lungs.
Respiratory System 1.Exchange Why do of we gases breathe? into the Think blood of all and the tissues. reasons Diffusion why we of Oxygen need a respiratory into blood from the lungs system. and then into
More informationCh 16: Respiratory System
Ch 16: Respiratory System SLOs: Explain how intrapulmonary pressures change during breathing Explain surface tension and the role of surfactant in respiratory physiology. Compare and contrast compliance
More informationRespiratory Physiology Gaseous Exchange
Respiratory Physiology Gaseous Exchange Session Objectives. What you will cover Basic anatomy of the lung including airways Breathing movements Lung volumes and capacities Compliance and Resistance in
More informationThe physiological functions of respiration and circulation. Mechanics. exercise 7. Respiratory Volumes. Objectives
exercise 7 Respiratory System Mechanics Objectives 1. To explain how the respiratory and circulatory systems work together to enable gas exchange among the lungs, blood, and body tissues 2. To define respiration,
More informationTable of Contents. By Adam Hollingworth
By Adam Hollingworth Table of Contents Oxygen Cascade... 2 Diffusion... 2 Laws of Diffusion... 2 Diffusion & Perfusion Limitations... 3 Oxygen Uptake Along Pulmon Capillary... 4 Measurement of Diffusing
More informationBIOLOGY 12 - RESPIRATION - CHAPTER NOTES
BIOLOGY 12 - RESPIRATION - CHAPTER NOTES We often think of respiration as just breathing. In fact, breathing is just one part of this physiological process. As biologists, we divide respiration up into
More informationIntroduction. Respiration. Chapter 10. Objectives. Objectives. The Respiratory System
Introduction Respiration Chapter 10 The Respiratory System Provides a means of gas exchange between the environment and the body Plays a role in the regulation of acidbase balance during exercise Objectives
More informationHuman gas exchange. Question Paper. Save My Exams! The Home of Revision. Cambridge International Examinations. 56 minutes. Time Allowed: Score: /46
Human gas exchange Question Paper Level Subject Exam oard Topic Sub Topic ooklet O Level iology ambridge International Examinations Respiration Human gas exchange Question Paper Time llowed: 56 minutes
More informationChapter 22 Gas Exchange
Chapter 22 Gas Exchange PowerPoint Lectures for Biology: Concepts & Connections, Sixth Edition Campbell, Reece, Taylor, Simon, and Dickey Lecture by Edward J. Zalisko Introduction: Surviving in Thin Air
More informationMonday, ! Today: Respiratory system! 5/20/14! Transport of Blood! What we ve been covering! Circulatory system! Parts of blood! Heart! tubing!
Monday, 5.19.14! What we ve been covering! Circulatory system! Parts of blood! Heart! tubing! Transport of Blood! What is transported! Nutrients! Oxygen! Carbon Dioxide! Hormones! Antibodies! What it is/does!
More information