Aqua Ice Oxygenation in Land Based Fish Tanks. Kenneth Glomset Linde Technologist Senior Expert Aquaculture Application Technology Linde Gas

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1 Aqua Ice 2018 Oxygenation in Land Based Fish Tanks Strandbúnaður 2018, Grand Hótel Reykjavík, mars. Kenneth Glomset Linde Technologist Senior Expert Aquaculture Application Technology Linde Gas

2 Aqua-Ice 2018 Agenda Oxygenation in Land Based Fish Tanks The Linde Group Linde Innovation Centre for Aquaculture Fresh Water Oxygenation SOLVOX C/CV and Mix Case Study OPEX Sea and Brackish Water Oxygenation Deep Dive SOLVOX OxyStream o Solution o Performance o Fish Tank Hydraulics o Case Study OPEX 2

3 The Linde Group Global Presence Core business industrial gases and engineering Present in more than Murray Hill Ålesund Munich Shanghai 100 countries Globally ~ employees Americas EMEA Asia/Pacific 3

4 The Linde Group Global Innovation Centre for Aquaculture ( Ålesund, Norway ) Offices and R&D facilities 1000 m2 FTE Aquaculture = 11 Development Projects Trainings, internal and external Customer seminars Live demo of complete application portfolio Sea and fresh water available, incl.wt systems 4

5 Fresh Water Oxygenation SOLVOX C, CV and Mix SOLVOX CV Oxygen Recirculation SOLVOX Mix SOLVOX Stream SOLVOX C Fish Tank Low- oxygen water To multiple fish tanks Linde SOLVOX C/CV - High Pressure Cone Normally mounted in by-pass with main flow to fish tank (at tank level or centrally) Operated with a variable speed pump (frequency drive) Includes high efficiency recirculation device (SOLVOX CV) Optimized over the last 25 years Source: Linde T&I AT F&B AC team analysis Advantages Low energy consumption and high capacity ( 1 kwh per kgo 2 dissolved) Energy usage proportional to oxygen demand Reduced OPEX Less energy reduced need for electrical infrastructure High oxygen capacity and low footprint Dissolving efficiency 100% Option to be fully automized 5

6 Fresh Water Oxygenation, Case Study RAS - Salmon Smolt Production 40 to 100 gram Key Production Parameters Fish tank volume, 800 m 3 Water flow 1000m 3 /h Fish size, 40 gram 100 gram Temperature 12*C Stock density, start prod. 20 kg/m 3 end prod. 49 kg/m 3 Production time 6 weeks* Produced biomass kg Oxygen need 7,4 13,3 kg/h ** Energy cost, 0,10 /kwh*** Oxygen cost, 0,25 /kgo 2 *** * Assuming full prod. After vaccination (simplified model, optimum conditions) ** Without accounting for application specific efficiency losses *** Example figures, will vary a lot with location and project Mortality in production period 2%, growth rate 2,4 1,9 %/day, FCR, 0,85 0,90 Application Specific Data Traditional Cone (Low Pressure) Constant water flow 1000 m 3 /h Constant working pressure 0,69 bar (7 mwc) Power/O 2 (kwh/kgo 2 ) 3,7 2,1 Oxygen dissolving efficiency 90% 80 % Two or more units mounted in-line Linde SOLVOX C/CV (High Pressure) Variable water flow m 3 /h Variable working pressure 1,6 2,4 bar Power/O 2 (kwh/kgo 2 ) 0,98 1,01 Oxygen dissolving efficiency 100% One unit mounted in by-pass Source: Linde T&I AT F&B AC team analysis

7 Fresh Water Oxygenation, Case Study RAS - Salmon Smolt Production 40 to 100 gram Oxygen OPEX for Production Period (One tank, 6 weeks, energy and oxygen) EUR Key observations Energy % Large potential savings visible after only one batch produced in 6 weeks ( -38%) Highest saving potential is identified for energy consumption (78% of total savings) Unit prices used in calculation: Energy = 0,10 /kwh Oxygen = 0,25 /kg Note: Savings are calculated for one batch production producing Salmon Smolt from gram under optimum conditions. When factoring in additional oxygen consumption and increased production time due to handling and vaccination of fish cost might increase. Traditional Low Pressure Cone Savings Linde SOLVOX C/CV Source: Linde T&I AT F&B AC team analysis

8 Sea and Brackish Water Oxygenation SOLVOX OxyStream Low-Pressure System for Oxygenation and Fish Tank Hydraulics Water Oxygen injection 8

9 Sea and Brackish Water Oxygenation SOLVOX OxyStream Low-Pressure System for Oxygenation and Fish Tank Hydraulics Key Highlights «All in one» in tank system for oxygenation and tank hydraulics Tailor made to adapt tank specific needs Exceptionally low energy consumption for oxygenation normally 0,15-0,35 kwh/kgo 2 Very high oxygen dissolving efficiency (normally %) Nitrogen gas removal and reduced total gas pressure Includes an individual water flow indicator 9

10 Sea and Brackish Water Oxygenation SOLVOX OxyStream SOLVOX OxyStream Performance in Sea Water 333m 3 tank, Water Flow 150 m3/h, 10 C, Salinity 33 ppt, Operating Pressure 105 cmwc 220,0 O2 TGP O2 N2 TGP O2 Dissolving N2 Efficiency ,0 100,00 200,0 180,0 160,0 140,0 140,7 184, ,00 80,00 70,00 % Saturation 120,0 100,0 80,0 60,0 40,0 100,2 97,0 85,0 100,9 102,6 90,4 80,9 103,2 74,5 60,00 50,00 40,00 30,00 % Dissolved 20,0 20,00 0,0 10,00 0,0 2,0 4,0 6,0 8,0 10,0 12,0 14,0 16,0 All measurements performed on the water before it leaves the OxyStream and enters the fish tank O2: Oxygen; TGP: total gas pressure; N2: nitrogen Oxygen dosage mg/l Source; Test of SOLVOX OxyStream at Lerøy Midnor Lensvik Norway SINTEF Report SFH80 A104006, February 2010, Prestvik Ø. 10

11 SOLVOX OxyStream Fish Tank Hydraulics Creating an optimum tank hydraulic is crucial for achieving a high performance fish production on land! SOLVOX OxyStream is designed to support: Improved tank self cleaning and waste removal Even distribution of fish feed reduced FCR Optimized swimming speed for specific fish species and size (independent of water usage and tank design) Lowers stress level & stimulates faster growth Improved fish immune system reduced risk of diseases Ability to increase stock density increased production Evaluation of Linde s SOLVOX system at Stirling University, Institute of Aquaculture Findings: FCR improvement 21%, SGR increase 19% (Atlantic Salmon in sea water, mean weight (g) start 1636, end 2977) Evaluation of SOLVOX system Final report Prepared by M. Cowan and W. Roy, PhD, Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Marine Environmental Research Laboratory, Machrihanish, Campbeltown, Argyll, UK 11

12 Sea Water Oxygenation, Case Study RAS - Salmon Smolt Production 100 to 407 gram Key Production Parameters Fish tank volume, 800 m 3 Water flow m 3 /h Fish size, 100 gram 407 gram Temperature 13*C Stock density, start prod. 15,6 kg/m 3 end prod. 62,3 kg/m 3 Application Specific Data Traditional Cone (Low Pressure) Constant working pressure 0,69 bar (7 mwc) Oxygen dissolving efficiency 85% 70 % Two units mounted in-line Production time 11 weeks* Produced biomass kg Oxygen need 5,2 13,4 kg/h ** Energy cost, 0,10 /kwh*** Oxygen cost, 0,25 /kgo 2 *** * Assuming full prod. After vaccination (simplified model, optimum conditions) ** Without accounting for application specific efficiency losses *** Example figures, will vary a lot with location and project Mortality in production period 2%, growth rate 2,09 1,52 %/day, FCR, 0,90 1,00 Linde SOLVOX OxyStream Constant working pressure 1,5 mwc Oxygen dissolving efficiency 95% 85 % Two units mounted in-line Source: Linde T&I AT F&B AC team analysis

13 Sea Water Oxygenation, Case Study RAS - Salmon Smolt Production 100 to 407 gram Traditional cone installation Oxygen injection Oxygen Enriched Water SOLVOX OxyStream installation Oxygen injection P < 0,15 Bar Low- Oxygen Water LPC P < 1.5 Bar (Low Pressure Cone) SOLVOX OxyStream Cost comparison between both systems Note: Linde Case Study Salmon Post Smolt in RAS; Brackish Water > 15ppt, gram in 11 weeks; operating cost (EUR), Energy and Oxygen for one batch production in a 800 m3 tank Source: Linde Aquaculture team analysis

14 Sea Water Oxygenation, Case Study RAS - Salmon Smolt Production 100 to 407 gram 0,40 Cost per kg fish produced Linde SOLVOX OxyStream Vs Traditional Low Pressure Cone 800 m3 tank, Brackish Water, 100g - 400g. Cost per kg fish produced Traditional Cone OPEX EUR/kg Linde SOLVOX OPEX EUR/Kg Fish Size Gram 500 0,35 0,30 0,33 0,31 0,30 0,30 0,29 0,28 0,27 0,27 0,27 0,26 0, , EUR 0,20 0,16 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0, Gram 0, , , , Source: Linde T&I AT F&B AC team analysis Week

15 Have a great day! Thanks for your attention! 15 15