Personal Protective Equipments

Transcription

1 Pars Oil & Gas Company Personal Protective Equipments HEALTH, SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT PROCEDURE DOCUMENT ID - PR-75-POGC-001 REVISION - 0.0

2 PERSONAL PROTECTION EQUIPMENT PAGES 81 REVISION 00 DOCUMENT ID. PR-75-POGC-001 HSE DEPARTMENT Personal Protection Equipment DOCUMENT AUTHORIZATION DOCUMENT TYPE SECURITY CLASSIFICATION DOCUMENT AUTHORITY/OWNER DOCUMENT CUSTODIAN PROCEDURE UNRESTRICTED P.O.G.C HSE DOCUMENT AUTHOR APPROVED BY HSE-S M.ANSARI HSE-S593443

3 Table of Content 1-INTRODUCTION PURPOSE SCOPE RESPONSIBILITIES PROSEDURES Technical Specification Eye and Face protection Head Protection Foot and leg protection Hand and Arm Protection Body Protection Hearing Protection Respiratory Protection Systems fire-fighters protective clothing Lifebuoy Lifejackets Purchasing Stage TRAINING REFERENCES APPENDIXES APPENDIXE A: EN Standards for personal protection equipments APPENDIXE B : Famous brands APPENDIXE C: Recommended PPE standards APPENDIXE D: CHECK LIST APPENDIXE E: Personnel PPE Record Log Card APPENDIXE F: Personal Protection Equipment Matrix SUGGESTIONS FORM September Personal Protection Equipment Page 3

4 1. INTRODUCTION Hazards exist in every workplace in many different forms: sharp edges, falling objects, flying sparks, chemicals, noise and a myriad of other potentially dangerous situations. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and the international labor organization (ILO) require that employers protect their employees from workplace hazards that can cause injury. Controlling a hazard at its source is the best way to protect employees. Depending on the hazard or workplace conditions, it s recommended to use of engineering or work practice controls to manage or eliminate hazards set as the first action for protecting human resource. For example, building a barrier between the hazard and the employees is an engineering control; changing the way in which employees perform their work is a work practice control also. When engineering, work practice and administrative controls are not feasible or do not provide sufficient protection, employers must provide personal protective equipment (PPE) to their employees and ensure proper usage of them. Personal protective equipment, commonly referred to as "PPE", is equipment worn to minimize exposure to a variety of hazards. Examples of PPE include such items as gloves, foot and eye protection, protective hearing devices (earplugs, muffs) hard hats, respirators and full body suits. Each type of PPE is designed to protect against specific hazards. Employers can identify the specific workplace hazards by completing a hazard assessment as outlined in Job Safety Analyses Document This guideline will guide both employers and employees do the following: Understand the types of PPE. Know the basics of conducting a "hazard assessment" of the workplace. Select appropriate PPE for a variety of circumstances. Understand what kind of training is needed in the proper use and care of PPE. The objective of this Work Instruction is to provide the company supplier with the international standards and regulations and illuminate that all the CONTRACTOR personnel should use the suitable PPE to minimize exposure to a variety of hazards. 2. PURPOSE The purpose of this procedure and guidance information is to assist in: Ensuring that personnel are aware of the protective clothing and equipment provided for their use according their jobs, its maintenance and why, when and how to use it, Providing a protective management response where Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is deemed necessary to protect the health and safety of employees, Ensuring compliance with standard & legislative requirements, Ensuring proper method of selection and procurement of required PPE. This guidelines is set out as a same way for different management disciplinary during decision-making. 3. SCOPE This document will apply to the entire POGC and their contractor operation site and personnel including Onshore and offshore activities during Construction, Drilling, Pre commissioning, Commissioning, Start up and Production steps. September Personal Protection Equipment Page 4

5 4. RESPONSIBILITIES 4.1 All Persons on Site All persons on site are responsible for: Wearing the appropriate protective clothing and using the correct equipment for the work in hand. Ensuring that their protective clothing is maintained in a clean and serviceable condition. Reporting any defects to their Supervisor. Obtaining the advice of the Safety Officer and Safety/Environment Engineer, or their Supervisor, if any item of PPE is considered inadequate for the job in hand. 4.2 Managers The managers in all level are responsible to: Ensure that the provisions of this procedure are understood and practiced by their under controlled employees and contractors. Support and monitor the implementation of this procedure. Ensure that this procedure will be assigned by HSE manager due to risk assessment. 4.3 Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) Manager The HSE authority is responsible to: Ensure Purchasing PPEs are compliance with standard and legislative requirements. Provide training, advice and appropriate signs on the selection, proper use and maintenance of personal protective equipment. Monitor that PPE is being used as appropriate. Ensure that defective PPE is withdrawn from service. Ensure that all employees receive suitable and sufficient information, instruction and training with regard to PPE supplied and how to use. Be aware of PPE daily stock status (How many?). Moreover, where the shortage of material seems, shall declare it. Control the issuance and storage area of PPE to ensure that it is in sanitary, in reliable condition and used properly. Make PPE provision and use as a basic requirement of periodical inspections and audits. Monitor and analyze the PPE checklist.(appendix D) Check on keeping up to date the Personnel PPE Record Log Card. (Appendix E) 4.4 HSE supervisors HSE Supervisors are responsible on a day-to-day basis for ensuring the implementation of this procedure for the employees within their control. In particular, they must: Ensure that specific assessments are carried out for both the risk to be protected against and the different types of PPE that could be used to protect an individual from that risk. On this basis, the September Personal Protection Equipment Page 5

6 suitability of the selected PPE against the job risk will be assessed to ensure the PPE provided is suitable for the intended purpose. Familiarize them with the content of this procedure and actively inform their employees. Ensure that employees are aware of the dangers of their work. Ensure that employees possess and use the required CONTRACTOR approved protective equipment, and it is in good order. Ensure that specific assessments are carried out for both the risk to be protected against and the suitable PPE that could be used to protect an individual from that risk. On this basis, the suitability of the selected PPE against the risk will be assessed to ensure the PPE provided is suitable for the intended purpose. Ensure that employees receive suitable and sufficient information, instruction and training with regard to PPE supplied and how to use. Carry out visual inspection of the PPE held by HSE personnel on a weekly basis. (As per PPE attached checklist). 4.5 Employees All employees have personal responsibilities to ensure the effectiveness of any safe system of work provided. In particular, they must: Be aware about hazards of their job and required PPE Use and maintain the appropriate PPE as required. Keep the PPE in a clean and serviceable condition. Regularly examine PPE and report any defect, damage or loss to their supervisor. Inform their supervisor of any medical conditions that may affect their ability to wear or use PPE. Be capable of demonstrating the ability to use PPE properly.(drills should be hold in this matter) Ensure that PPE is fit with employees ergonomically 4.6 Purchasing/ procurement Purchasing/ procurement department is responsible for selection of appropriate vendor and performing purchasing process, therefore all purchase requests for PPE must be forwarded to the department of Health, Safety and Environment for technical approval. 4.7 Contractors This section has the same authority for all subcontractors and their employees as well as to: Supply and purchase all PPE and specific additional requirements necessary for their own personnel in sufficient quantity (including a site stock) after CONTRACTOR approval. (approved vendor list) Provide CONTRACTOR HSE department approval for the PPE before any use. Surveys and spot inspection will be carried out by CONTRACTOR HSE department to ascertain that PPE September Personal Protection Equipment Page 6

7 is available on site and effectively worn. Ensuring that personnel are aware of the dangers of their work. Ensuring that personnel possess and use the required Company approved protective equipment and that it is in good order. Ensuring that personnel know how to use the protective equipment. Authorizing the exchange of defective items of equipment. 5. PROCEDURE 5.1. Technical Specification Eye and Face protection Employees can be exposed to a large number of hazards that pose danger to their eyes and face. OSHA requires employers to ensure that employees have appropriate eye or face protection if they are exposed to eye or face hazards from flying particles, molten metal, liquid chemicals, acids or caustic liquids, chemical gases or vapors, potentially infected material or potentially harmful light radiation. Many occupational eye injuries occur because workers are not wearing any eye protection while others result from wearing improper or poorly fitting eye protection. HSE Supervisor must be sure that their employees wear appropriate eye and face protection and that the selected form of protection is appropriate to the work being performed and properly fits each worker exposed to the hazard. OSHA suggests that eye protection be routinely considered for use by carpenters, electricians, machinists, mechanics, millwrights, plumbers and pipefitters, sheet metal workers and tinsmiths, assemblers, sanders, grinding machine operators, sawyers, welders, laborers, chemical process operators and handlers, and timber cutting and logging workers. Employers of workers in other job categories should decide whether there is a need for eye and face PPE through a hazard assessment. Examples of potential eye or face injuries include: - Dust, dirt, metal or wood chips entering the eye from activities such as chipping grinding, sawing, hammering, the use of power tools or even strong wind forces. - Chemical splashes from corrosive substances, hot liquids, solvents or other hazardous solutions. - Objects swinging into the eye or face, such as tree limbs, chains, tools or ropes. - Radiant energy from welding, harmful rays from the use of lasers or other radiant light (as well as heat, glare, sparks, splash and flying particles) Types of Eye Protection Selecting the most suitable eye and face protection for employees should take into consideration the following elements: Ability to protect against specific workplace hazards Should fit properly and be reasonably comfortable to wear Should provide unrestricted vision and movement September Personal Protection Equipment Page 7

8 Should be durable and cleanable Should allow unrestricted functioning of any other required PPE The eye and face protection selected for employee use must clearly identify the manufacturer. Any new eye and face protective devices must comply with ANSI Z (and ANSI Z 136 for using to protect against chemicals) or be at least as effective as this standard requires. One pair of protective eyewear for each position may be provided rather than individual eyewear for each employee. If this is done, the employer must make sure that employees should disinfect shared protective eyewear after each use. Protective eyewear with corrective lenses may only be used by the employee for whom the corrective prescription was issued and may not be shared among employees. Some of the most common types of eye and face protection include the following: Safety spectacles: These protective eyeglasses have safety frames constructed of metal or plastic and impact-resistant lenses. Side shields are available on some models. Goggles : These are tight-fitting eye protection that completely cover the eyes, eye sockets and the facial area immediately surrounding the eyes and provide protection from impact, dust and splashes. Some goggles will fit over corrective lenses. Welding shields: Constructed of vulcanized fiber or fiberglass and fitted with a filtered lens, welding shields protect eyes from burns caused by infrared or intense radiant light; they also protect both the eyes and face from flying sparks, metal spatter and slag chips produced during welding, brazing, soldering and cutting operations. OSHA requires filter lenses to have a shade number appropriate to protect against the specific hazards of the work being performed in order to protect against harmful light radiation. Laser safety goggles. These specialty goggles protect against intense concentrations of light produced by lasers. The type of laser safety goggles an employer chooses will depend upon the equipment and operating conditions in the workplace. Face shields. These transparent sheets of plastic extend from the eyebrows to below the chin and across the entire width of the employee s head. Some are polarized for glare protection. Face shields protect against nuisance dusts and potential splashes or sprays of hazardous liquids but will not provide adequate protection against impact hazards. Face shields used in combination with goggles or safety spectacles will provide additional protection against impact hazards. Each type of protective eyewear is designed to protect against specific hazards. Employers can identify the specific workplace hazards that threaten employees eyes and faces by completing a hazard assessment Materials ( IPS- M-SF-325) - Corrosion resistance Samples of all metal parts used in the eye-protector shall show no sign of corrosion when viewed by the unaided eye of a trained observer and shall be in a serviceable condition. - Ignitability When tested, no part of the eye-protector apart from headbands and textile edging shall ignite or September Personal Protection Equipment Page 8

9 continue to burn after removal of the rod. - Cleaning When cleaned by the method recommended by the manufacturer, the eye-protector shall show no visible deterioration. - Skin irritation All materials that come into contact with the wearer shall be of a kind that is not known to cause skin irritation. - Plastic material Plastic material shall have strength and elasticity suitable for the use and shall not be flammable such as cellulose Design and Manufacture - Eye-protectors shall be free from patent defects. - Eye-protectors shall have no sharp edges and shall be free from projections, or other features likely to cause discomfort in wear. - Headbands or harnesses, where provided, shall have a width of not less than 9.5 mm. - Adjustable parts or components incorporated in eye-protectors shall be easily adjustable and replaceable. - Where provided, ventilation features shall be designed to prevent the direct access of any particle to the eye from any angle forward from the frontal plane of the eye-protector. - Where eye-protectors have rims secured by a screw or screws, these shall be penned, coated with adhesive or otherwise treated or designed to ensure that they shall not become loosened in use Lenses - Appearance The lens appearance shall have smooth surfaces and have no visible flaws, striate, bubbles, waves and other foreign objects in or on to it. - Principle Lenses both serve to afford the vision required for work and to protect the eyes during the performance of specific activities. There are limits to which both sets of requirements can be met at one and the same time. Since the use of eye protectors always involves a certain degree of inconvenience of restriction in movement, in order to guarantee reliable protection, it is imperative that the properties of a lens undergo no substantial alteration during use. Lenses shall be made of plastic materials, of toughened glass or laminated glass, or any combination of these materials, or untreated glass backed with one of the foregoing materials Optical properties - Conditioning The lenses shall be conditioned in accordance with BS Light transmittance Lenses shall transmit not less than 80% of the light energy within the visible spectrum unless they are September Personal Protection Equipment Page 9

10 in the impact- resisting group and are double-layered, in which case the transmission shall not be less than 70%. These limits shall not apply to lenses claimed to be tinted. Note: Tinted lenses include those with metal coatings applied. - Quality Lenses shall be free to within 3 mm of their edges from inherent faults that can be observed by the wearer when the eye-protector is worn. The inspection for faults shall be made by the wearer with his eyes focused at a variety of focal distances likely to be encountered at work, i.e. the wearer shall not attempt to focus on the lens itself. Where mould or crease lines are a design feature of the lens they shall not occur within the minimum dimensions given in (sec IPS-M-SF-325) Construction and Dimensions - The eye protection shall conform to the following general requirements: a) Eye protector shall not give an excessive uncomfortable to the wearer. b) Lenses of eye protector shall not easily come off from the frame nor reform their curve. c) Each part of the eye protector shall be easily replaced. Eye protector similar to usual spectacles Eye protector of this type shall consist of two lenses, frame and two bows Eye protector with side-shield Eye protector of this type shall be the one similar to the usual spectacles with side-shield so attached as not to excessively obstruct the wears view. Dimension of lens The minimum dimensions of lenses shall be as follows: a) For circular lenses 48 mm diameter with a minimum aperture size of 40 mm diameter ; b) For shaped lenses 42 mm horizontal datum length 35 mm mid. datum vertical depth, using the system of measurement described in BS 3199; c) For one piece rectangular lenses 105 mm 50 mm; d) For one piece shaped lenses such that two circles 48 mm in diameter can be spaced symmetrically about the vertical center line of the eye- protector with the centers being 66 mm apart measured in the horizontal front plane of the eye-protector as worn Sun Glare Eye Protection ( IPS- M-SF-325) General The main purpose of sun glare filters is to protect the personnel eye against excessive solar radiation so as to reduce eye strain and increase visual perception in order to ensure fatigue-free vision, especially for prolonged usage. The choice of filter depends on the ambient light level and the individual s sensitivity to glare. September Personal Protection Equipment Page 10

11 Classification and uses of sunglasses Classification Cosmetic spectacles General purpose Special purpose Refraction Class 1 Refraction Class 2 Break resistant sunglasses Table 1- Classification and uses of sunglasses Use Lightly tinted spectacles not intended to give significant protection against sun glare and worn largely for their fashion properties. Sunglasses intended to reduce sun glare in bright circumstances including the driving of motor vehicles in daylight. Sunglasses intended to reduce sun glare in abnormal environmental conditions, e.g. near large expanses of water or in snow and mountain altitudes, or for persons who may be abnormally sensitive to glare as a result of medical treatment or otherwise. Non-photochromic filters having a shade number of 4.1 are not considered suitable for use by persons when driving motor vehicles. Equivalent to prescription lens quality and recommended for continuous daytime wearing. Suitable for intermittent wearing. Suitable for conditions where mechanical abuse is possible but will not be severe, e.g. driving, cycling, walking, camping or boating Prescription Safety Lens Spectacle ( IPS- E-SF-325) General Employees using corrective lenses of prismatic, astigmatic and refractor prescription lenses working in an area and performing any types of work which require eye protections such as chemical handling, chipping, welding, grinding, laboratory, machining, spot welding, furnace operation and in a risk of harmful effect of ultraviolet, infrared and laser beams shall be protected by either safety prescription goggles or safety swing up type lenses or cover goggles to be worn over ordinary prescription lens spectacles. Optical tests Employees who shall wear corrective lens spectacle shall be tested and prescribed by ophthalmologist. Spectacles should be fitted with prescribed lenses in accordance with specifications covered in ISO The supplier shall certify in writing that the safety spectacles are tested as prescribed and meets all requirements for impact protection. Classification Prescription lens spectacle shall be classified into two types according to the shape of frame mounting: Conventional spectacle type; spectacle type with side shields. Material September Personal Protection Equipment Page 11

12 Material, exclusive of tempered glass lenses shall meet the following requirements: They shall have suitable strength and elasticity for intended use; material of parts to contact the skin shall be non-irritating and capable of being disinfected; metal parts shall be made of corrosion resistance or treated as corrosion resistant; plastic material shall not be of fast burning. Construction - The general construction of the spectacle shall satisfy each of the following requirements: It shall be simple of handling and not to break easily. It shall not give remarkable discomfort to the user. It shall be free from sharp edges or projections likely to cause cuts or scratches to the user. Every part of spectacle shall be easily removed and replaced. - Conventional spectacle type shall be composed of two lenses a frame and temples. - Spectacles with side shields shall be of conventional spectacles type fixed firmly with side shields which shall obstruct visual field as little as possible. Quality - Impact resistance The spectacle in case of being subjected to the test shall have neither the lens edge chipped nor the lens displaced from frame by an impact. Lens - Lens shall be free from any visible flaws, striae, bubbles, waves and foreign bodies, and both surfaces of it shall be well polished. - The lens shall be checked by ophthalmologist to make sure that they are made as prescribed before issuing to the employees. -Lens in case of subjected to the tests specified in accordance with BS 2738 shall not be fractured. - If lens supplied as pair, the two lenses should be reasonably matched in shape, size and form. Cover lens Ordinary prescription lens spectacle can be fixed with swing type cover safety lenses or employees using prescript. September Personal Protection Equipment Page 12

13 Table2- kind and types of eye protectors kind type symbol Shield Eyeglasses Spectacles Type Without side shield (POCG cat. A) With side shield (POCG cat. B) Common eyeglasses type A-1 Single swing up type A-2 Double swing up type A-3 Safety helmet mount type A-4 Common eyeglasses type B-1 Single swing up type B-2 Double swing up type B-3 Safety helmet mount type B-4 Front type Fixed type C-1 Swing up type C-2 Goggle type (POCG cat. C) Box type D-1 Cup type D-2 C1 C2 D1 D2 Figure1- kind and types of eye protectors September Personal Protection Equipment Page 13

14 Table 3- Selection Chart: Eye & Face Protection Source Assessment Protection Impact: Chipping, grinding, machining, masonry work, woodworking, sawing, drilling, chiseling, powered fastening, riveting, and sanding. Heat: Furnace operations, pouring, casting, hot dipping, and welding. Chemical: Acid and chemicals handling, degreasing plating Flying fragments, objects, large chips, particles, sand, dirt, etc. Hot sparks Splash from molten metals High temperature exposure Splash Spectacles with side protection, goggles, face shields. See notes (1),(3),(5),(6),(10). For severe exposure, use face shields. Face shields, goggles, spectacles with side protection. See notes (1),(2),(3). For severe exposure use face shield Face shields worn over goggles. See notes (1),(2),(3). Screen face shields, reflective face shields. See notes (1),(2),(3). Goggles, eyecup and cover types. See notes (3),(11). For severe exposure, use face shield. Dust: Woodworking, buffing, general dusty conditions Light Radiation: Welding: Electric arc Gas Cutting Torch brazing Irritating mists Special purpose goggles. Nuisance dust Goggles, eyecup and cover types. See note (8). Optical radiation Optical radiation Welding helmets or welding shields. Typical shades: See notes (9),(12). Welding goggles or welding face shield: Typical shades: gas welding 4-8, cutting 3-6, brazing 3-4. See note (9). Torch soldering Optical radiation Spectacles or welding face shield. Typical shades See notes (3), (9). Glare Poor vision Spectacles with shaded or special purpose lenses, as suitable. See notes (9), (10). (1) Care should be taken to recognize the possibility of multiple and simultaneous exposure to a variety of hazards. Adequate protection against the highest level of each of the hazards should be provided. Protective devices do not provide unlimited protection. (2) Operations involving heat may also involve light radiation. As required by the standard, protection from both hazards must be provided. (3) Face shields should only be worn over primary eye protection (spectacles or goggles). (4) As required by the standard, filter lenses must meet the requirements for shade designations in OSHA CFR (a)(5). Tinted and shaded lenses are not filter lenses unless they are marked or identified as such. (5) As required by the standard, persons whose vision requires the use of prescription (Rx) lenses must wear either protective devices fitted with prescription (Rx) lenses or protective devices designed to be worn over regular prescription (Rx) eyewear. (6) Wearers of contact lenses must also wear appropriate eye and face protection devices in a hazardous environment. It should be recognized that dusty and/or chemical environments may represent an additional hazard to contact lens wearers. (7) Caution should be exercised in the use of metal frame protective devices in electrical hazard areas. (8) Atmospheric conditions and the restricted ventilation of the protector can cause lenses to fog. Frequent cleansing may be necessary. (9) Welding helmets or face shields should be used only over primary eye protection (spectacles or goggles). (10) Non-side shield spectacles are available for frontal protection only, but are not acceptable eye protection for the sources and operations listed for impact. (11) Ventilation should be adequate, but well protected from splash entry. Eye and face protection should be designed and used so that it provides both adequate ventilation and protects the wearer from splash entry. (12) Protection from light radiation is directly related to filter lens density. See note 4. Select the darkest shade that allows task performance September Personal Protection Equipment Page 14

15 Welding Operations The intense light associated with welding operations can cause serious and sometimes permanent eye damage if operators do not wear proper eye protection. The intensity of light or radiant energy produced by welding, cutting or brazing operations varies according to a number of factors including the task producing the light, the electrode size and the arc current. The following table shows the minimum protective shades for a variety of welding, cutting and brazing operations in general industry. Operations Shielded metal arc welding Table 4- Filter Lenses for Protection Against Radiant Energy Electrode size in 1/32 (0.8mm) < > 8 Gas metal arc welding and flux cored arc welding Arc current < < Minimum* protective shade Gas tungsten arc welding < Air carbon (light) < Arc cutting (heavy) 500-1, Plasma arc welding Plasma arc cutting (light)** (heavy)** (medium)** < < Torch brazing 3 Torch soldering 2 Carbon arc welding September Personal Protection Equipment Page 15

16 Table 5- Filter Lenses for Protection Against Radiant Energy Operations Plate thickness Inches Plate thickness mm Minimum protective Shade Gas welding: Light Gas welding: Medium < 1/8 < /8-1/ Gas welding: Heavy Source: OSHA 29 CFR (a) (5). > 1/2 > Oxygen cutting: < 1 < 25 3 Light Oxygen cutting: Medium Oxygen cutting: Heavy > 6 > * As a rule of thumb, start with a shade that is too dark to see the weld zone. Then go to a lighter shade which gives sufficient view of the weld zone without going below the minimum. In ox fuel gas welding or cutting where the torch produces a high yellow light, it is desirable to use a filter lens that absorbs the yellow or sodium line in the visible light of the (spectrum) operation. ** These values apply where the actual arc is clearly seen. Experience has shown that lighter filters may be used when the arc is hidden by the work piece Laser Operations Laser light radiation can be extremely dangerous to the unprotected eye and direct or reflected beams can cause permanent eye damage. Laser retinal burns can be painless, so it is essential that all personnel in or around laser operations wear appropriate eye protection. Laser safety goggles should protect for the specific wavelength of the laser and must be of sufficient optical density for the energy involved. Safety goggles intended for use with laser beams must be labeled with the laser wavelengths for which they are intended to be used, the optical density of those wavelengths and the visible light transmission. The table below lists maximum power or energy densities and appropriate protection levels for optical densities 5 through 8. September Personal Protection Equipment Page 16

17 Table 6- maximum power or energy densities and appropriate protection levels Intensity, CW maximum power density(watts/cm 2) Attenuation Attenuation factor Source: OSHA 29CFR (b)(2) Figure Figure2- characteristics of safety goggles Head Protection Protecting employees from potential head injuries is a key element of any safety program. A head injury can impair an employee for life or it can be fatal. Wearing a safety helmet or hard hat is one of the easiest ways to protect an employee s head from injury. Hard hats can protect employees from impact and penetration hazards as well as from electrical shock and burn hazards. Supervisors would ensure that their employees wear head protection if any of the following apply : Objects might fall from above and strike them on the head; They might bump their heads against fixed objects, such as exposed pipes or beams; or There is a possibility of accidental head contact with electrical hazards Some examples of occupations in which employees should be required to wear head protection include construction workers, carpenters, electricians, linemen, plumbers and pipefitters, timber and log cutters, welders, among many others. Whenever there is a danger of objects falling from above, such as working below others who are using tools or working under a conveyor belt, head protection must be worn. Hard hats must be worn with the bill forward to protect employees properly. In general, protective helmets or hard hats should do the following: Resist penetration by objects September Personal Protection Equipment Page 17

18 Absorb the shock of a blow Be water-resistant and slow burning Have clear instructions explaining proper adjustment and replacement of the suspension and headband Hard hats must have a hard outer shell and a shock-absorbing lining that incorporates a headband and straps that suspend the shell from 1 to 1 1/4 inches (2.54 cm to 3.18 cm) away from the head. This type of design provides shock absorption during an impact and ventilation during normal wear. Protective headgear must meet ANSI Standard Z (Protective Headgear for Industrial Workers) or provide an equivalent level of protection Types of Hard Hats There are many types of hard hats available in the marketplace today. In addition to selecting protective headgear that meets ANSI standard requirements, employers should ensure that employees wear hard hats that provide appropriate protection against potential workplace hazards. It is important for employers to understand all potential hazards when making this selection, including electrical hazards. This can be done through a comprehensive hazard analysis and an awareness of the different types of protective headgear available. On base of ANSI, they are two types of hard hats, type Ι which protect head against Top Impact, type II which protect head against both of Top Impact and Side Impact Hard hats are divided into three industrial classes: Class A hard hats (POCG cat. A) provide impact and penetration resistance along with limited voltage protection (up to 2,200 volts). Class B hard hats (POCG cat. B) provide the highest level of protection against electrical hazards, with highvoltage shock and burn protection (up to 20,000 volts). They also provide protection from impact and penetration hazards by flying/falling objects. Class C hard hats (POCG cat. C) provide lightweight comfort and impact protection but offer no protection from electrical hazards. Another division is based on protection against electrical hazards Class G (General) Class G hard hats are intended to reduce the danger of contact exposure to low voltage conductors. Test samples are proof tested at 2200 volts (phase to ground). However, this voltage is not intended as an indication of the voltage at which the hard hat protects the wearer. Please note: Class G hard hats were formerly known as Class A. Class E (Electrical) Class E hard hats are intended to reduce the danger of exposure to high voltage conductors. Test samples are proof-tested at 20,000 volts (phase to ground). However, this voltage is not intended as an indication of the voltage at which the helmet protects the wearer. Please note: Class E hard hats were formerly known as Class B. Class C (Conductive) Class C hard hats are not intended to provide protection against contact with electrical conductors. Another class of protective headgear on the market is called a bump hat, designed for use in areas with low head clearance. They are recommended for areas where protection is needed from head bumps and September Personal Protection Equipment Page 18

19 lacerations. These are not designed to protect against falling or flying objects and are not ANSI approved. It is essential to check the type of hard hat employees are using to ensure that the equipment provides appropriate protection. Each hat should bear a label inside the shell that lists the manufacturer, the ANSI designation and the class of the hat. The mass of each helmet, complete with harness but exclusive of accessories, should not exceed 0.44 kg for Classes A, B, and C helmets Size and care consideration Head protection that is either too large or too small is inappropriate for use, even if it meets all other requirements. Protective headgear must fit appropriately on the body and for the head size of each individual. Most protective headgear comes in a variety of sizes with adjustable headbands to ensure a proper fit (many adjust in 1/8-inch increments). A proper fit should allow sufficient clearance between the shell and the suspension system for ventilation and distribution of an impact. The hat should not bind, slip, fall off or irritate the skin. Some protective headgear allows for the use of various accessories to help employees deal with changing environmental conditions, such as slots for earmuffs, safety glasses, face shields and mounted lights. Optional brims may provide additional protection from the sun and some hats have channels that guide rainwater away from the face. Protective headgear accessories must not compromise the safety elements of the equipment. Periodic cleaning and inspection will extend the useful life of protective headgear. A daily inspection of the hard hat shell, suspension system and other accessories for holes, cracks, tears or other damage that might compromise the protective value of the hat is essential. Paints, paint thinners and some cleaning agents can weaken the shells of hard hats and may eliminate electrical resistance. Consult the helmet manufacturer for information on the effects of paint and cleaning materials on their hard hats. Never drill holes, paint or apply labels to protective headgear as this may reduce the integrity of the protection. Do not store protective headgear in direct sunlight, such as on the rear window shelf of a car, since sunlight and extreme heat can damage them. Hard hats with any of the following defects should be removed from service and replaced: Perforation, cracking, or deformity of the brim or shell; Indication of exposure of the brim or shell to heat, chemicals or ultraviolet light and other radiation (in addition to a loss of surface gloss, such signs include chalking or flaking). Always replace a hard hat if it sustains an impact, even if damage is not noticeable. Suspension systems are offered as replacement parts and should be replaced when damaged or when excessive wear is noticed. It is not necessary to replace the entire hard hat when deterioration or tears of the suspension systems are noticed. Each helmet conforming to the requirements of this Standard shall bear identification on the inside of the shell stating the name of the manufacturer, the Standard designation, the class of the helmet. If a job involves work in windy conditions, especially at heights, or repeated bending or constantly looking upwards, a secure retention system such as chinstrap is required. In case of visible damages and cracks, the helmets shall be replaced. September Personal Protection Equipment Page 19

20 Table 7 helmet color against working groups Helmet Color Blue White White Red Gray Working groups Labors Supervisors Managers + Visitors HSE Team Security Companies' logos must be labeled on the front side of the safety helmets. ID number of people must be labeled on the backside of the safety helmets. The Contractors shall issue their personnel color-coding identification system (clothing and helmet) procedure for POGC approval Foot and leg protection Employees who face possible foot or leg injuries from falling or rolling objects or from crushing or penetrating materials should wear protective footwear. Also, employees whose work involves exposure to hot substances or corrosive or poisonous materials must have protective gear to cover exposed body parts, including legs and feet. If an employee s feet may be exposed to electrical hazards, non-conductive footwear should be worn. On the other hand, workplace exposure to static electricity may necessitate the use of conductive footwear. Examples of situations in which an employee should wear foot and/or leg protection include: When heavy objects such as barrels or tools might roll onto or fall on the employee s feet; Working with sharp objects such as nails or spikes that could pierce the soles or uppers of ordinary shoes; Exposure to molten metal that might splash on feet or legs; Working on or around hot, wet or slippery surfaces; and Working when electrical hazards are present. Safety footwear must meet ANSI minimum compression and impact performance standards in ANSI Z (American National Standard for Personal Protection-Protective Footwear) or provide equivalent protection. Footwear purchased before July 5, 1994, must meet or provide equivalent protection to the earlier ANSI Standard (ANSI Z ). All ANSI approved footwear has a protective toe and offers impact and compression protection. But the type and amount of protection is not always the same. Different footwear protects in different ways. Check the product s labeling or consult the manufacturer to make sure the footwear will protect the user from the hazards they face. Foot and leg protection choices include the following: Leggings protect the lower legs and feet from heat hazards such as molten metal or welding sparks. Safety snaps allow leggings to be removed quickly. Metatarsal guards protect the instep area from impact and compression. Made of aluminum, steel, fiber or plastic, these guards may be strapped to the outside of shoes. September Personal Protection Equipment Page 20

21 Toe guards fit over the toes of regular shoes to protect the toes from impact and compression hazards. They may be made of steel, aluminum or plastic. Combination foot and shin guards protect the lower legs and feet, and may be used in combination with toe guards when greater protection is needed. Safety shoes (POCG cat. A) have impact-resistant toes and heat-resistant soles that protect the feet against hot work surfaces common in roofing, paving and hot metal industries. The metal insoles of some safety shoes protect against puncture wounds. Safety shoes may also be designed to be electrically conductive to prevent the buildup of static electricity in areas with the potential for explosive atmospheres or nonconductive to protect worker from workplace electrical hazards Special Purpose Shoes Electrically conductive shoes (POCG cat. B) provide protection against the buildup of static electricity. Employees working in explosive and hazardous locations such as explosives manufacturing facilities or grain elevators must wear conductive shoes to reduce the risk of static electricity buildup on the body that could produce a spark and cause an explosion or fire. Foot powder should not be used in conjunction with protective conductive footwear because it provides insulation, reducing the conductive ability of the shoes. Silk, wool and nylon socks can produce static electricity and should not be worn with conductive footwear. Conductive shoes must be removed when the task requiring their use is completed. Note: Employees exposed to electrical hazards must never wear conductive shoes. Electrical hazard, safety-toe shoes are nonconductive and will the wearers feet from completing an electrical circuit to the ground. These shoes can protect against open circuits of up to 600 volts in dry conditions and should be used in conjunction with other insulating equipment and additional precautions to reduce the risk of a worker becoming a path for hazardous electrical energy. The insulating protection of electrical hazard, safety-toe shoes may be compromised if the shoes become wet, the soles are worn through, metal particles become embedded in the sole or heel, or workers touch conductive, grounded items. Note: Nonconductive footwear must not be used in explosive or hazardous locations Foundry Shoes (POCG cat. C) In addition to insulating the feet from the extreme heat of molten metal, foundry shoes keep hot metal from lodging in shoe eyelets, tongues or other shoe parts. These snug-fitting leather or leather-substitute shoes have leather or rubber soles and rubber heels. All foundry shoes must have built-in safety toes Care of Protective Footwear As with all protective equipment, safety footwear should be inspected prior to each use. Shoes and leggings should be checked for wear and tear at reasonable intervals. This includes looking for cracks or holes, separation of materials, broken buckles or laces. The soles of shoes should be checked for pieces of metal or other embedded items that could present electrical or tripping hazards. Employees should follow the manufacturers recommendations for cleaning and maintenance of protective footwear. September Personal Protection Equipment Page 21

22 Figure3-anatomy of a safety shoe Figure4- type of the safety shoe September Personal Protection Equipment Page 22

23 Table8-Footwear optional symbols Symbol A AN CI CR E HI HRO M ORO/FO P WR WRU Protection Antistatic Ankle Protection Cold Insulation Cut Resistant Energy Absorption of seat region Heat Insulation Heat Resistant Outsole Metatarsal Protection Oil Resistant Outsole Penetration Resistance (Standard for S3 code) Water Resistance Water penetration/absorption Hand and Arm Protection If a workplace hazard assessment reveals that employees face potential injury to hands and arms that cannot be eliminated through engineering and work practice controls, employers must ensure that employees wear appropriate protection. Potential hazards include skin absorption of harmful substances, chemical or thermal burns, electrical dangers, bruises, abrasions, cuts, punctures, fractures and amputations. Protective equipment includes gloves, finger guards and arm coverings or elbow-length gloves. Supervisors would explore all possible engineering and work practice controls to eliminate hazards and use PPE to provide additional protection against hazards that cannot be completely eliminated through other means. For example, machine guards may eliminate a hazard. Installing a barrier to prevent workers from placing their hands at the point of contact between tables saw blade and the item being cut is another method Types of Protective Gloves There are many types of gloves available today to protect against a wide variety of hazards. The nature of the hazard and the operation involved will affect the selection of gloves. The variety of potential occupational hand injuries makes selecting the right pair of gloves challenging. It is essential that employees use gloves specifically designed for the hazards and tasks found in their workplace because gloves designed for one function may not protect against a different function even though they may appear to be an appropriate protective device. The following are examples of some factors that may influence the selection of protective gloves for a workplace: September Personal Protection Equipment Page 23

24 Type of chemicals handled Nature of contact (total immersion, splash, etc.) Duration of contact Area requiring protection (hand only, forearm, arm) Grip requirements (dry, wet, oily) Thermal protection Size and comfort Abrasion/resistance requirements Gloves made from a wide variety of materials are designed for many types of workplace hazards. In general, gloves fall into four groups: Gloves made of leather, canvas or metal mesh; Fabric and coated fabric gloves; Chemical- and liquid-resistant gloves; Insulating rubber gloves (See OSHA 29 CFR for detailed requirements on the selection, use and care of insulating rubber gloves) Leather, Canvas or Metal Mesh Gloves (POCG cat. A) Sturdy gloves made from metal mesh, leather or canvas provides protection against cuts and burns. Leather or canvass gloves also protect against sustained heat. Leather gloves protect against sparks, moderate heat, blows chips and rough objects. Aluminized gloves (POCG cat. A1) provide reflective and insulating protection against heat and require an insert made of synthetic materials to protect against heat and cold. Aramid fiber gloves protect against heat and cold, are cut- and abrasive-resistant and wear well. Synthetic gloves (POCG cat. A1) of various materials offer protection against heat and cold are cut- and abrasive-resistant and may withstand some diluted acids. These materials do not stand up against alkalis and solvents. Fabric and Coated Fabric Gloves Fabric and coated fabric gloves are made of cotton or other fabric to provide varying degrees of protection. Fabric gloves protect against dirt, slivers, chafing and abrasions. They do not provide sufficient protection for use with rough, sharp or heavy materials. Adding a plastic coating will strengthen some fabric gloves. Coated fabric gloves are normally made from cotton flannel with napping on one side. By coating the unmapped side with plastic, fabric gloves are transformed into general-purpose hand protection offering slip-resistant qualities. These gloves are used for tasks ranging from handling bricks and wire to chemical laboratory containers. When selecting gloves to protect against chemical exposure hazards, always check with the manufacturer or review the manufacturer s product literature to determine the gloves effectiveness against specific workplace chemicals and conditions. September Personal Protection Equipment Page 24

25 Chemical- and Liquid-Resistant Gloves (POCG cat. B) Chemical-resistant gloves are made with different kinds of rubber: natural, butyl, neoprene, nit rile and fluorocarbon (viton); or various kinds of plastic: polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene. These materials can be blended or laminated for better performance. As a general rule, the thicker the glove material, the greater the chemical resistance but thick gloves may impair grip and dexterity, having a negative impact on safety. Some examples of chemical-resistant gloves include: Butyl gloves are made of a synthetic rubber and protect against a wide variety of chemicals, such as peroxide, rocket fuels, highly corrosive acids (nitric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrofluoric acid and redfuming nitric acid), strong bases, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters and nitro compounds. Butyl gloves also resist oxidation, ozone corrosion and abrasion, and remain flexible at low temperatures. Butyl rubber does not perform well with aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons and halogenated solvents. Natural (latex) rubber gloves are comfortable to wear, which makes them a popular generalpurpose glove. They feature outstanding tensile strength, elasticity and temperature resistance. In addition to resisting abrasions caused by grinding and polishing, these gloves protect workers hands from most water solutions of acids, alkalis, salts and ketones. Latex gloves have caused allergic reactions in some individuals and may not be appropriate for all employees. Hypoallergenic gloves, glove liners and powder less gloves are possible alternatives for workers who are allergic to latex gloves. Neoprene gloves are made of synthetic rubber and offer good pliability, finger dexterity, high density and tear resistance. They protect against hydraulic fluids, gasoline, alcohols, organic acids and alkalis. They generally have chemical and wear resistance properties superior to those made of natural rubber. Nitrile gloves are made of a copolymer and provide protection from chlorinated solvents such as trichloroethylene and perchloroethylene. Although intended for jobs requiring dexterity and sensitivity, nitrile gloves stand up to heavy use even after prolonged exposure to substances that cause other gloves to deteriorate. They offer protection when working with oils, greases, acids, caustics and alcohols but are generally not recommended for use with strong oxidizing agents, aromatic solvents, ketones and acetates. The following table from the U.S. Department of Energy (Occupational Safety and Health Technical Reference Manual) rates various gloves as being protective against specific chemicals and will help you select the most appropriate gloves to protect your employees. The ratings are abbreviated as follows : VG : Very Good ; G : Good ; F: Fair ; P : Poor (not recommended). Chemicals marked with an asterisk (*) are for limited service. September Personal Protection Equipment Page 25

26 Table 9- Chemical Resistance Selection for Protective Gloves Chemical Neoprene Latex/Rubber Butyl Nitrile Acetaldehyde* VG G VG G Acetic acid VG VG VG VG Acetone* G VG VG P Ammonium hydroxide VG VG VG VG Amy acetate* F P F P Aniline G F F P Benzaldehyde* F F G G Benzene* P P P F Butyl acetate G F F P Butyl alcohol VG VG VG VG Carbon disulfide F F F F Carbon tetrachloride* F P P G Castor oil F P F VG Chlorobenzene* F P F P Chloroform* G P P F Chloronaphthalene F P F F Chromic acid (50%) F P F F Citric acid (10%) VG VG VG VG Cyclohexanol G F G VG Dibutyl phthalate* G P G G Diesel fuel G P P VG Diisobutyl ketone P F G P Dimethylformamide F F G G Dioctyl phthalate G P F VG Dioxane VG G G G September Personal Protection Equipment Page 26

27 Table 9 (continued) Chemical Resistance Selection Chart for Protective Gloves Chemical Neoprene Latex/Rubber Butyl Nitrile Methyl ethyl ketone* G G VG P Methyl isobutyl ketone* F F VG P Methyl metharcrylate G G VG F Monoethanolamine VG G VG VG Morpholine VG VG VG G Naphthalene G F F G Napthas, aliphatic VG F F VG Napthas, aromatic G P P G Nitric acid* G F F F Nitric acid, red and white fuming P P P P Nitromethane (95.5%)* F P F F Nitropropane (95.5%) F P F F Octyl alcohol VG VG VG VG Oleic acid VG F G VG Oxalic acid VG VG VG VG Palmitic acid VG VG VG VG Perchloric acid (60%) VG F G G Perchloroethylene F P P G Petroleum distillates (naphtha) G P P VG Phenol VG F G F Phosphoric acid VG G VG VG Potassium hydroxide VG VG VG VG Propyl acetate G F G F Propyl alcohol VG VG VG VG Propyl alcohol (iso) VG VG VG VG Sodium hydroxide VG VG VG VG Styrene P P P F Styrene (100%) P P P F Sulfuric acid G G G G Tannic acid (65) VG VG VG VG Tetrahydrofuran P F F F Toluene* F P P F Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) F G G F September Personal Protection Equipment Page 27

28 Table 9 (continued) Chemical Resistance Selection Chart for Protective Gloves Chemical Neoprene Latex/Rubber Butyl Nitrile Trichloroethylene* F F P G Triethanolamine (85%) VG G G VG Tung oil VG P F VG Turpentine G F F VG Xylene* P P P F Note: When selecting chemical-resistant gloves be sure to consult the manufacturer s recommendations, especially if the gloved hand(s) will be immersed in the chemical Rubber Gloves for Electrical Purposes (POCG cat. C) - Rated potential The rated potential (a-c(r-m-s) or d.c.) between any conductors and earth in a system does not exceed the following: a) 650 V b) 1000 V c) 3300 V d) 4000 V - Composition Gloves shall be made from good quality raw natural rubber or raw synthetic rubber or from a mixture of these, in con- junction with suitable compounding ingredients. -Construction Gloves shall be made by a one-piece process or shall be built-up from sheet. Gloves shall be free from patched areas, embedded foreign matter, blisters (other than shallow broken blisters) and other physical defects that may arise from any lack of physical homogeneity or continuity in the glove material, when inspected in a well-lit area by the naked eye (aided by spectacles if necessary to ensure normal vision) of a designated person. Note: Minor surface irregularities that can cause no hazard nor significant degradation in quality or life may be disregarded. - Length The minimum internal length from the tip of the second finger to the edge of the cuff, denoted as dimension in Fig. 6, shall be 265 mm for the wrist type and 355 mm for the gauntlet type. - Typical dimensions Two types of former may be used in the manufacture of rubber gloves, namely, a flat type and a shaped type. Gloves made on the shaped type of former are generally more comfortable. September Personal Protection Equipment Page 28

29 Table 17 gives typical values of the principal internal dimensions of well proportioned gloves. The external dimensions will depend on the thickness of the rubber used. - Color codes If gloves are color coded to indicate the rated potential, the colors used shall be in accordance with Table 18. Rated potential V (r.m.s.) Table10- color code color White Red Green Blue - Performance Rubber gloves for electrical purposes shall be tested by manufacturer and subsequently by user in accordance with BS697 for the following tests: a) measurement of thickness; b) electrical resistance - Instructions Instructions shall accompany each pair of gloves and shall include the following information: a) recommendations for storage and cleaning (including maximum washing and drying temperatures); - Marking Each glove shall be marked with the following : a) The number and date of relevant standard ; b) the name, trade mark or other means of identification of the manufacturer; c) the month and year of manufacture ; d) the rated potential followed by the word working in brackets ; e) the size. The marking shall be durable and shall not impair the properties and characteristics of the glove Care of Protective Gloves Protective gloves should be inspected before each use to ensure that they are not torn, punctured or made ineffective in any way. A visual inspection will help detect cuts or tears but a more thorough inspection by filling the gloves with water and tightly rolling the cuff towards the fingers will help reveal any pinhole leaks. Gloves that are discolored or stiff may also indicate deficiencies caused by excessive use or degradation from chemical exposure. Any gloves with impaired protective ability should be discarded and replaced. Reuse of chemicalresistant gloves should be evaluated carefully, taking into consideration the absorptive qualities of the September Personal Protection Equipment Page 29

30 gloves. A decision to reuse chemically-exposed gloves should take into consideration the toxicity of the chemicals involved and factors such as duration of exposure, storage and temperature. Figure5-Types of gloves Body Protection Employees who face possible bodily injury of any kind that cannot be eliminated through engineering, work practice or administrative controls, must wear appropriate body protection while performing their jobs. In addition to cuts and radiation, the following are examples of workplace hazards that could cause bodily injury: _ Temperature extremes; _ Hot splashes from molten metals and other hot liquids; _ Potential impacts from tools, machinery and materials; _ Hazardous chemicals. There are many varieties of protective clothing available for specific hazards. Employers are required to ensure that their employees wear personal protective equipment only for the parts of the body exposed to possible injury. Examples of body protection include laboratory coats, coveralls, vests, jackets, aprons, surgical gowns and full body suits. If a hazard assessment indicates a need for full body protection against toxic substances or harmful physical agents, the clothing should be carefully inspected before each use, it must fit each worker properly and it must function properly and for the purpose for which it is intended. Protective clothing comes in a variety of materials, each effective against particular hazards, such as: _ Paper-like fiber used for disposable suits provide protection against dust and splashes. _ Treated wool and cotton adapts well to changing temperatures, is comfortable, and fire-resistant and protects against dust, abrasions and rough and irritating surfaces. _ Duck is a closely woven cotton fabric that protects against cuts and bruises when handling heavy, sharp or rough materials. September Personal Protection Equipment Page 30

31 _ Leather is often used to protect against dry heat and flames. _ Rubber, rubberized fabrics, neoprene and plastics protect against certain chemicals and physical hazards. When chemical or physical hazards are present, check with the clothing manufacturer to ensure that the material selected will provide protection against the specific hazard. Body protection, depends on the nature of the work activity, will be divided into shirt and coverall types in operation sites: Table 11- Type of cloth for working groups Working groups Type of cloth Color Labors Coverall (POCG cat.a) Light Blue Supervisors Coverall Light Green Managers Shirt (POCG cat.b) White Office Personnel Shirt Light Green HSE Team Coverall Red Security Shirt Gray Companies logos should be marked on the cloths. For firefighting personnel specific cloth made of flame resistance materials must be worn. Coveralls made of nylon material are prohibited. During working with hazardous chemical substances depends on Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS), PVC coveralls may be worn. For any other specific activities such as welding, working in battery rooms, etc additional protection will be applied. Personnel working on or about rotating machineries shall not wear loose clothing and cuffs shall be secured. September Personal Protection Equipment Page 31

32 Figure6-Types of Body protection Hearing Protection Ear plug/mold Plug (POCG cat.a) ear muff (POCG cat.b) Determining the need to provide hearing protection for employees can be challenging. Employee exposure to excessive noise depends upon a number of factors, including: The loudness of the noise as measured in decibels (db). The duration of each employee s exposure to the noise. Whether employees move between work areas with different noise levels. Whether noise is generated from one or multiple sources. Generally, the louder the noise, the shorter the exposure time before hearing protection is required. For instance, employees may be exposed to a noise level of 90 db for 8 hours per day (unless they experience a Standard Threshold Shift) before hearing protection is required. On the other hand, if the noise level reaches 115 db hearing protection is required if the anticipated exposure exceeds 15 minutes. For a more detailed discussion of the requirements for a comprehensive hearing conservation program, OSHA Publication 3074 (2002), Hearing Conservation or refer to the OSHA standard at 29 CFR , Occupational Noise Exposure, section (c). September Personal Protection Equipment Page 32

33 Table 5, below, shows the permissible noise exposures that require hearing protection for employees exposed to occupational noise at specific decibel levels for specific time periods. Noises are considered continuous if the interval between occurrences of the maximum noise level is one second or less. Noises not meeting this definition are considered impact or impulse noises (loud momentary explosions of sound) and exposures to this type of noise must not exceed 140 db. Examples of situations or tools that may result in impact or impulse noises are powder-actuated nail guns, a punch press or drop hammers. Table 12 : Permissible Noise Exposure Duration per day in hours Sound level in db* / ½ 110 ¼ or less 115 * When measured on the A scale of a standard sound level meter at slow response. Source : OSHA 29 CFR , Table G-16. If engineering and work practice controls do not lower employee exposure to workplace noise to acceptable levels, employees must wear appropriate hearing protection. It is important to understand that hearing protectors reduce only the amount of noise that gets through to the ears. The amount of this reduction is referred to as attenuation, which differs according to the type of hearing protection used and how well it fits. Hearing protectors worn by employees must reduce an employee s noise exposure to within the acceptable limits noted in Table 5. Refer to Appendix B of 29 CFR , Occupational Noise Exposure, for detailed information on methods to estimate the attenuation effectiveness of hearing protectors based on the device s noise reduction rating (NRR).Manufacturers of hearing protection devices must display the device s NRR on the product packaging. If employees are exposed to occupational noise at or above 85 db averaged over an eight hour period, the employer is required to institute a hearing conservation program that includes regular testing of employees hearing by qualified professionals. Refer to OSHA 29 CFR (c) for a description of the requirements for a hearing conservation program. Some types of hearing protection include: Single-use earplugs are made of waxed cotton, foam, silicone, rubber or fiberglass wool. They are self-forming and, when properly inserted, they work as well as most molded earplugs. Pre-formed or molded earplugs must be individually fitted by a professional and can be disposable or reusable. Reusable plugs should be cleaned after each use. September Personal Protection Equipment Page 33

34 - Earmuffs require a perfect seal around the ear. Glasses, facial hair, long hair or facial movements such as chewing may reduce the protective value of earmuffs Respiratory Protection Systems The appropriate respiratory protection system must be specified on the Permit to Work and worn when the atmosphere in the workplace is either deficient in oxygen or contaminated by gas, vapor or particulate matter such as dust, mist, smoke etc. Respiratory systems take the form of either Respiratory Protection Equipment (RPE), or Breathing Apparatus (BA). Positive pressure BA equipment must only be used as a last resort, after all other reasonably practicable steps have been taken to make the workplace atmosphere safe to breath. Decisions regarding the use and choice of RPE to be used must be based upon a Risk Assessment. This will include the nature and degree of the hazards present and the work situation (e.g. open air or confined space, method and effectiveness of ventilation, type of work to be carried out). It is essential that the correct type of RPE be specified. Equipment falls into two groups and is identified in Table 12 - Summary of RPE. Table 13: Summary of RPE Group/use Type Notes RESPIRATORS Filters contaminated air before inhalation by wearer. Provides general protection against low levels of airborne particles. Use correct grade of filter for specific hazards. Not suitable for oxygen deficient atmospheres. Simple Filters: Disposable face masks 3M Type dust/mist/ fumes. 3M Type organic vapors and particles. Half mask + filter. Full face mask + filter. Powered: Half mask. Full face. Visor. Hood/helmet. Blouse/half suit. Filter uses: Dust and particles only. Certain gases/vapors. Combination of particles, gases and vapours. BREATHING APPARATUS (BA) Suitable for all types of hazardous environments including oxygen deficient. Vessel entry. SCABA Self Contained Air Breathing Apparatus. Air Line Masks Air is supplied by either: A battery of compressed air bottles. Plant air using a filter unit once an Air Purity Test has been carried out. September Personal Protection Equipment Page 34

35 5.1.8 fire-fighters protective clothing (helmet, footwear and gloves ) General - The hazards to be expected in condition of heat particularly in fire fighting are: a) The effect of heat on the body, face and hands; b) The danger of clothing catching fire; c) The effect on the lungs due to combustion products and vapor used for fire extinction; d) Reduced visibility owing to smoke and lighting failure; e) Electric shock; f) Falling objects; g) The effect of high rates of heating by conduction caused in contact with hot surface; h) Falling and slipping. Because of the diverse nature of these hazards, the protective clothing specified in this Procedure should be worn by fire fighters and being aware of the limitations of the clothing. - Manufacturers of protective clothing data requirement The requirements of this Standard shall provide a written statement that the protective clothing produced by manufactures meets or exceed the requirement of this Procedure. The manufacturer shall furnish upon request the laboratory data showing individual values upon which the statement is based. - The manufacturer shall provide on request, guidelines for maintenance, inspection and retirement Garment Requirement - The garment shall consist of a composite of an outer shell, moisture barrier, and thermal barrier. - Protective garments shall have a means of securing moisture barrier, thermal barrier to the outer shell. - The garment including the front closure, shall be constructed in a manner that provides secure and complete moisture and thermal protection. If non-positive fasteners such as snaps or hook and pile tape are used in garment closures, a positive locking fastener such as hooks and Dees (D S) or zippers shall also be utilized. September Personal Protection Equipment Page 35

36 - Cargo pockets where provided shall have a means of drainage of water and shall have flaps with a means of fastening them in closed position. - Trim to be utilized to meet visibility, requirement and shall not be less than 50 mm wide and shall have retro reflective and fluorescent surface Labeling Requirements - Protective garment applicable to this procedure shall be labeled, with the following : a) The outer shell of each protective garment shall have a label permanently and conspicuously attached to the inside upon which at least the following information is printed. Outer shell, moisture barrier, and thermal barrier must be utilized and all garment closures must be fastened when in use. Do not keep this garment in direct contact with flame or molten metal. Do not use for proximity or fire entry application or protection from chemical, radiological or biological agents. Use extreme care for all emergency operations. b) Manufacturers name and address. c) Country of manufacture. d) Manufacturers garment identification number. e) Date of manufacture. f) Size. g) Cleaning and drying instructions Additional Requirements for Protective Coats - Protective coats shall provide protection as specified to the upper torso, neck, arms and wrists including hands and head. - Protective coat hardware shall not penetrate through the outer shell moisture barrier, and thermal barrier to contact the wearer s body when the coat is worn covered by external closure flaps. - Each protective coat sleeve shall have a resilient wristlet. - Protective coats shall have a composite collar not less than 100 mm. in height at any point with a closure system. Collar and closure system shall consist of an outer shell, moisture barrier, and thermal barrier that meet all performance requirements as specified in performance requirement of this Standard. - Protective coat trim configuration shall include a circumferential band around the coat and each wrist. - Protective coat trim shall have not less than 2000 sq cm of fluorescent area. - Protective coat trim shall include not less than 800 sq cm of fluorescent area visible from the front and 800 sq cm of fluorescent area visible from the rear when the garment is properly closed and is laid on a flat inspection surface. September Personal Protection Equipment Page 36

37 Additional Requirements for Protective Trousers - Protective trousers shall provide protection as specified to the lower torso and legs, excluding the ankles and feet. - The thermal barrier of the protective trousers may be configured as a protective uniform pant. When configured in this manner, the protective uniform pant component shall meet all requirements for thermal barriers and the entire protective trousers with outer shell, moisture barrier, and protective uniform pant as the thermal barrier assembled shall meet the requirements specified in this procedure. - Protective trousers hardware shall not penetrate through the outer shell, moisture barrier, and thermal barrier to contact the wearer s body when trousers is worn with closures fastened, unless the hardware is located on the waistband or hardware is completely covered by external closure flaps. - Protective trouser trim shall include a circumferential band around each leg between the hem and knee. - Protective trouser trim shall have not less than 500 sq cm of fluorescent area. - Protective trouser trim shall include not less than 260 sq cm of fluorescent area visible from the front and 260 sq cm of fluorescent area visible from the rear when the garment is properly close and is laid on a flat inspection surface Additional Requirements for Protective Coverall - That portion of the protective coverall that corresponds to the protective coat shall meet all requirements of Clause That portion of the protective coverall that corresponds to the protective trouser shall meet all requirements of Clause of this Section Performance and Tests Requirement Fire fighters protective clothing shall meet the requirements of Chapter 3 of NFPA Code No for: a) Garment requirement; b) Textile; c) Outer shell requirement; d) Moisture barrier requirement; e) Thermal barrier requirement; September Personal Protection Equipment Page 37

38 f) Winter liner requirement; g) Thread requirement; h) Visibility requirement; i) Hardware requirement; j) Snap requirement; k) Fastener tape requirement; l) Zipper; m) Hooks and Dees; n) Label requirement; o) Collar lining requirement Testing and Inspection Protective clothing for fire fighters shall be tested in accordance with Chapter 4 testing and inspection and Chapter 5 tests methods of NFPA Standard 1971 for the following tests: a) Thermal protective performance test; b) Head, char, and ignition resistance test; c) Tear resistance test; d) Retro reflectivity test Helmet for Fire-Fighters - General Fire fighters helmet shall essentially consist of a shell, an energy absorbing system, a retention system, face- shield, ear cover and retro reflective marking. Manufacturers shall employ adequate quality assurance measures to guarantee that the helmets manufactured to this Standard meet the requirements of performance requirement of Chapter 3 of NFPA Helmets shall be listed to all performance criteria as specified on Section 4.4 "verification testing of NFPA No. 1972". Verification testing shall be performed by an independent authorized testing laboratory. Labeling affixed to helmets shall only be made on helmets that satisfy all the requirement specified in previous Clause. - Marking and instructions Each helmet shall be durably and legibly marked in a manner such that the marking can be easily read. Each marking shall include the following information: September Personal Protection Equipment Page 38

39 a) Name or designation of manufacturer; b) Model number or design; c) Month and year of manufacture; d) Lot number; e) Nominal weight of helmet; f) Recommended cleaning procedure; g) Helmet size or size range. The manufacturer shall provide information advisory material with each helmet, including instructions for cleaning painting, marking, storage and frequency detail of inspections. Each helmet shall be durably and legibly marked with the following warning at least 1.5 mm high letter: This helmet must be properly adjusted and secured to the head, with all components in place, in order to provide designed protection. Do not modify or replace any component of this helmet, including shell, energy absorbing system, retention system. Fluorescent retro reflective marking, ear covers or face shield with component or accessories other than those approved by the manufacturer. A warning label with letters at least 1.5 mm high shall be attached to the face shield that warns the user that the face shield may not provide sufficient eye protection and additional eye protection may be required. - Configuration The helmet shall provide peripheral vision clearance of at least 120 degrees to each side of the mid sagittal plane as shown in Fig. 7. Figure 7-peripheral vision September Personal Protection Equipment Page 39

40 There shall be no openings penetrating the shell except those provided by the manufacturer for mounting energy absorbing system, retention system and accessories. Accessories The addition of helmet accessories shall not interfere with the function of the helmet or its component parts and shall not degrade the helmet performance below the requirement of this Standard. Helmet manufacturers shall certify that helmet accessories provided by the manufacturer meet the requirements specified in previous paragraph. Performance requirement Fire fighters helmets shall meet the performance requirements of Chapters 3 and 4 and also Appendix A of NFPA Figure 8 -Helmet with absorbing systems September Personal Protection Equipment Page 40

41 - Transceiver helmet Transceiver is a two-way communications system designed to be used into fireman s helmet. The system permits the firefighter to transmit and receive voice communication over ¾ of a kilometer line of sight range Protective Footwear for Fire-Fighters General Fire fighter protective footwear manufactured in accordance with this IPS is designed to mitigate adverse environ mental effects to the fire fighter s foot and ankle. Design requirements Fire fighters footwear shall consist of a sole with heel upper with lining, and insole with a puncture resistant device, an impact and compression resistant toecap permanently attached. Fire fighters footwear shall not be less than 200 mm in height when measured from the plane of the wear surface at the heel to the top of the boot. Heel breast shall not be less than 12.5 mm nor more than 25 mm. Heel breasting angle shall not be less than 90 nor more than 135. Sides and rear of heel shall not be flared or tapered and edges shall not be less than, or extend more than 15 mm laterally from the upper at any point. Sizing Sizing shall be in conformity with the standards of DIN 4843 or BS 2723 Clause 4. Construction Metal parts shall not penetrate from the outside into the lining or insole at any point. No metal parts including but not limited to nails or screws, shall be present or utilized in the construction or attachment of the sole (with heel) to the puncture resistant device insole at any point. Safety requirement Safety boots for fire fighters shall be in accordance with application symbol for footwear types SHR or SH DIN 4843 or requirement of BS September Personal Protection Equipment Page 41

42 Marking Boots shall comply with this Standard and marked with the following particulars: a) Size and fitting These shall be indelibly stamped with 20 mm metal stamps on the waist of the outsole and top of the leg. b) Manufacturer s name and year of manufacture These shall be stamped at the top of the leg. c) The number of standard used Testing Testing shall be in accordance with DIN 4843 for footwear type SH or SHH Clause 6 for the following tests or in accordance with NFPA Standard 1974 Chapter 3. 1) Cut growth resistance outsole; 2) Abrasion resistance outsole; 3) Effect of fuel outsole; 4) Effect of water vapor outsole; 5) Thickness of insole, upper/leg material, lining and tongue; 6) Abrasion resistance of insole; 7) Effect of water on insole; 8) Ph value for insole, upper leg material, lining and tongue; 9) Cut growth resistance of upper/leg material lining and tongue; 10) Tensile strength and elongation at tear of upper leg material; 11) Resistance of upper/leg material to water penetration; 12) Water proofness of footwear; 13) Moisture flow coefficient of upper/leg material and lining; 14) Abrasion resistance of shoe lace; 15) Volume resistibility of bottom; 16) Energy absorption of bottom in the seat region; 17) Resistance to repeated flexing of bottom; 18) Nail penetration resistant bottom; 19) Heat insulating bottoms; 20) Cold insulating bottoms; September Personal Protection Equipment Page 42

43 21) Resistance of footwear forepart to deformation; 22) Sole bond peeling strength; 23) E ffect of calcium chloride on footwear; 24) Tensile strength of counter Fire Fighters Rubber Boots Rubber boots for fire fighters shall be of the size 330 to 450 mm in height and shall meet the requirement of specification for lined industrial vulcanized rubber boots BS Gloves Design - Gloves for fire fighters shall be designed to mitigate adverse environmental effects to the fire fighters hands and wrists. Gloves are designed and made of two, three or four fingers to provide limited protection. - Gloves for fire fighters shall be designed to minimize the effect of flame, heat, sharp objects and other hazards that are encountered during fire fighting. Gloves shall be designed and constructed in a manner that provides secure and complete thermal and moisture protection. - Gloves shall be designed to minimally interfere with physical movement, the use of fire fighting tools and self contained breathing apparatus. - Gloves shall reduce the incidents of burn or injury by providing complete coverage of the wrist area. - Gloves shall extend not less than 25 mm above the wrist crease and shall be close fitting at the opening to restrict the embers and other foreign particles. - The glove material that comes in contact with the skin shall be non-irritating. Sizing - Gloves shall be available in not less than 5 separate and distinct sizes. The manufacturer shall provide hand dimension ranges for each size provided. - Gloves size indicated on the label shall be determined by the following: September Personal Protection Equipment Page 43

44 Size to fit Hand Circumference XS to fit 17 to 200 S to fit 20 to 225 M to fit 22 to 250 L to fit 25 to 275 XL to fit 27 5 Compliance and labeling to 300 mm - Manufacturers of protective gloves for fire fighters shall provide a written statement that the protective gloves meet or exceed the requirements of IPS. - The gloves manufacturer shall provide with each pair of gloves inspection, maintenance, criteria for removal from service and any other information with regard to gloves serviceability. - The label shall include the following information: a) Gloves for fire fighters; b) Name and designation of manufacturer; c) Model, name, number or design; d) Lot serial number; e) Date of certification test; f) Size; g) Country of manufacture. Performance requirements and testing - Gloves shall be tested for the following performance requirements: a) Heat resistance; b) Flame resistance; c) Conductive heat resistance; d) Thermal protective performance; e) Water penetration; f) Cut resistance; g) Dexterity test; h) Grip test. - Testing shall conform to NFPA Standard 1973 Chapter 3. September Personal Protection Equipment Page 44

45 Lifebuoy (SOLAS): - Every lifebuoy shall: 1) has an outer diameter of not more than 800 mm and an inner diameter of not less than 400 mm; 2) be constructed of inherently buoyant material; it shall not depend upon rushes, cork shavings or granulated cork, any other loose granulated material or any air compartment which depends on inflation for buoyancy; 3) is capable of supporting not less than 14.5 kg of iron in fresh water for a period of 24 h; 4) has a mass of not less than 2.5 kg; 5) not sustains burning or continues melting after being totally enveloped in a fire for a period of 2 s; 6) be constructed to withstand a drop into the water from the height at which it is stowed above the waterline in the lightest seagoing condition or 30 m, whichever is the greater, without impairing either its operating capability or that of its attached components; 7) If it is intended to operate the quick-release arrangement provided for the self-activated smoke signals and self-igniting lights, have a mass sufficient to operate the quick-release arrangement or 4 kg, whichever is the greater; 8) be fitted with a grab line not less than 9.5 mm in diameter and not less than four times the outside diameter of the body of the buoy in length. The grab line shall be secured at four equidistant points around the circumference of the buoy to form four equal loops. - Lifebuoy self-igniting lights Self-igniting lights shall: 1) be such that they cannot be extinguished by water; 2) be capable of either burning continuously with a luminous intensity of not less than 2 cd in all directions of the upper hemisphere or flashing (discharge flashing) at a rate of not less than 50 flashes per minute with at least the corresponding effective luminous intensity; 3) be provided with a source of energy capable of meeting the requirement of paragraph 2.2 for a period of at least 2 h; 4) be capable of withstanding the drop test required by paragraph Lifebuoy self-activating smoke signals Self-activating smoke signals shall: 1) emits smoke of a highly visible color at a uniform rate for a period of at least 15 min when floating in calm water; 2) not ignites explosively or emits any flame during the entire smoke emission time of the signal; 3) not be swamped in a seaway; 4) continue to emit smoke when fully submerged in water for a period of at least 10 s; 5) be capable of withstanding the drop test required by paragraph Buoyant lifelines Buoyant lifelines shall: 1) be non-kinking; 2) have a diameter of not less than 8 mm; September Personal Protection Equipment Page 45

46 3) have a breaking strength of not less than 5 kn Lifejackets (SOLAS) - General requirement for lifejackets 1) A lifejacket shall not sustain burning or continue melting after being totally enveloped in a fire for a period of 2 s. 2) A lifejacket shall be so constructed that: after demonstration, a person can correctly don it within a period of 1 min without assistance; it is capable of being worn inside-out or is clearly capable of being worn in only one way and, as far as possible, cannot be donned incorrectly; it is comfortable to wear; it allows the wearer to jump from a height of at least 4.5 m into the water without injury and without dislodging or damaging the lifejacket. 3) A lifejacket shall have sufficient buoyancy and stability in calm fresh water to: lift the mouth of an exhausted or unconscious person not less than 120 mm clear of the water with the body inclined backwards at an angle of not less than 20 and not more than 50 from the vertical position; turn the body of an unconscious person in the water from any position to one where the mouth is clear of the water in not more than 5 s. 4) A lifejacket shall have buoyancy which is not reduced by more than 5% after 24 h submersion in fresh water. 5) A lifejacket shall allow the person wearing it to swim a short distance and to board a survival craft. 6) Each lifejacket shall be fitted with a whistle firmly secured by a cord. - Inflatable lifejackets A lifejacket which depends on inflation for buoyancy shall have not less than two separate compartments and comply with the requirements of paragraph and shall: 1) inflate automatically on immersion, be provided with a device to permit inflation by a single manual motion and be capable of being inflated by mouth; 2) in the event of loss of buoyancy in any one compartment be capable of complying with requirements of paragraphs 2, 3 and 5 of section ; 3) comply with the requirements of paragraph 4 of section after inflation by means of the automatic mechanism. - Lifejacket lights 1) Each lifejacket light shall: have a luminous intensity of not less than 0.75 cd; have a source of energy capable of providing a luminous intensity of 0.75 cd for a period of at least 8 h; be visible over as great a segment of the upper hemisphere as is practicable when attached to a lifejacket. 2) If the light referred to in paragraph 1 is a flashing light it shall, in addition: be provided with a manually operated switch; September Personal Protection Equipment Page 46

47 not be fitted with a lens or curved reflector to concentrate the beam; flash at a rate of not less than 50 flashes per minute with an effective luminous intensity of at least 0.75 cd. 5.2 Purchasing Stage As mentioned in previous sections, there is several ways for elimination and controlling the hazards and their effects; the last controlling way is related to personal protective equipments, therefore PPEs application and compliance of them with standards is very important. The role of purchasing department is preparation of Personal Protective Equipments from approved vendors from the financial view point; indeed investigation and confirmation of PPE specification from the technical view point and compliance consideration of them with standards is the responsibility of HSE department. Stages of vendor selection from technical and financial view point are explained in figure ---- ; however all purchasing and contractual rules and points shall be followed and this flowchart shows only the relationships between HSE department and Purchasing department in vendor selection process. September Personal Protection Equipment Page 47

48 Purchasing Stages Flowchart Preparation of Job Safety Analyses for different Jobs related to P.O.G.C activities Preparation of Technical Specification for required Personal Protective Equipment based on JSA Investigation of vendors technical proposal and determine Approved and Rejected vendors from technical view point HSE department Scope of Work Inviting vendors involved in Approved Vendor List by sending prepared PPE specification Gathering Technical & Financial Proposal from vendors Sending Technical Proposal to HSE department for investigation Investigation of Financial Proposal for Approved vendors (3 vendors at least) and determine final vendor from financial view point Inform HSE department from final vendor and perform contractual stages for purchasing PPE Purchasing department Scope of Work September Personal Protection Equipment Page 48

49 6. TRAINING Training of each employee who must use PPE is required. Employees must be trained to know at least the following, - The hazards of their job - When PPE is necessary - What PPE is necessary - How to properly put on, take off, adjust and wear the PPE - The limitations of the PPE - Proper care, maintenance, useful life and disposal of PPE HSE Department would make sure that each employee demonstrates an understanding of the PPE training as well as the ability to properly wear and use PPE before they are allowed to perform work requiring the use of the PPE. If an employer believes that a previously trained employee is not demonstrating the proper understanding and skill level in the use of PPE, that employee should receive retraining.other situations that require additional or retraining of employees include the following circumstances: changes in the workplace or in the type of required PPE that make prior training obsolete. The training of each employee required to wear or use PPE should be documented by preparing a certification containing the name of each employee trained, the date of training and a clear identification of the subject of the certification. 7. REFRENCE IPS-M-325 materials and equipment standard for personnel safety & fire fighters protective equipment. Health and Safety Executive / Local Authorities Enforcement Liaison Committee (HELA) Safety of Life at Sea, 1997 (SOLAS) September Personal Protection Equipment Page 49

50 APPENDIX A: EN Standards for personal protection equipments Head Protection EN 812:1997- Industrial bump caps In addition to the Standard number and year, maker and model identification: Optional requirements size or size range (cm) (on both shell and, if fitted, harness) year and quarter of manufacture informative label with specified wording -20 o C or -30 o C - tested at very low temperature F- resistant to flame EN 14052:2005 High performance industrial helmets 440 V (a.c.)- tested for electrical insulation In addition to the Standard number, maker and model identification: - year and quarter of manufacture - size or size range (cm) (also on retention system) - mass of helmet (g) - material, if made from ABS, PC, HDPE, PS etc - KS if chinstrap supplied Optional markings: -20 o C or 30 or -40 o C- tested at very low temperature 150 o C - tested at high temperature 7 or 14 resistance to radiant heat (kw) 440 V (A.C.)- tested for electrical insulation MM- molten metal splash resistance PAS 028:2002- Marine safety helmets Note: A PAS is an interim specification in the absence of a British or European standard specifying performance criteria. In this case these are for marine safety helmets for use by occupants of small, fast craft (e.g. lifeboats). In addition to the PAS number and maker identification: - year and quarter (or month) of manufacture: - size or size range (cm); - type of helmet. September Personal Protection Equipment Page 50

51 Foot Protection Superseded by EN ISO 20347:2004 Basic requirements- Occupational footwear is not required to have a protective toecap. Other properties: markings as for EN 345-1, plus: ORO- outsole resistant to fuel oil Classification I- (made from leather and other materials, but not all-rubber or all-polymeric types) O1- basic requirements plus oil resistant sole, closed and energy absorbing seat region, and antistatic O2- as O1 plus water penetration and absorption O3- as O2 plus penetration resistance and cleaned sole Classification II- (all-rubber or all-polymeric types) O4- basic requirements plus oil resistant sole, energy absorbing seat region, antistatic O5- as O4 plus penetration resistance and cleated sole EN 347-2:1996- Occupational footwear for professional use - Additional specification Superseded by EN 20347:2004 WR- water resistance for classification I footwear BS 4676:2005 Protective clothing footwear and gaiters for use in molten metal foundries Requirements and test methods Footwear Gaiters - manufacturer - product code - size - Type -Type 1 worn with gaiters for MM protection -Type 2 worn on their own for MM protection - BS 4676: Aland/offer molten metal resistance type - Pictogram (Figure 5) - see instructions For Type 1 footwear: Warning: When working with molten metal always fit gaiters conforming to BS 4676 over this footwear - manufacturer - product code - size and left/right orientation - Type -Type A extend >295mm up leg -Type B extend >145mm up leg - BS 4676: Aland/or Fe for molten metal resistance type Warning: Wear only in conjunction with footwear conforming to BS 4676 September Personal Protection Equipment Page 51

52 EN :2006- Footwear protecting against chemicals Part 2: Requirements for footwear resistant to chemicals under laboratory conditions This footwear resists degradation by the stated chemicals (at least 2 from the list below). - size - manufacturer - type designation - year and quarter of manufacture - code for tested chemical(s): B acetone D dichloromethane F toluene G diethyl amine H tetra hydrofuran I ethyl acetate J n-heptane K 30% sodium hydroxide L 95% sulphuric acid M 65% nitric acid N 99% acetic acid O 25% ammonia solution P 30% hydrogen peroxide solution Q iso propanol R 13% sodium hypochlorite - toecap strength (200Jor 100J) - see instructions - pictogram (Figure 6) optional September Personal Protection Equipment Page 52

53 EN :2006- Footwear protecting against chemicals Part 3: Requirements for footwear highly resistant to chemicals under laboratory conditions This footwear resists degradation (at least 3 stated chemicals) and resists permeation (at least Level 1 resistance for the three stated chemicals). Markings as for EN Not required to also be marked with chemical permeation resistance level, but this may appear: Level to 240 minutes Level to 480 minutes Level to 1440 minutes Level to 1920 minutes Level 5- >1921 minutes EN 15090: 2006 Footwear for firefighters - size - manufacturer - type designation -F1 general rescue and wild land firefighting -F2 structural firefighting -F3 Hazmat and structural firefighting - year and at least quarter of manufacture - standard number (EN 15090) - additional features, if not included in Type: -HI heat insulation -P penetration resistance -T toecap -R rigid toe puff -I electrical insulation -A antistatic -IS high electrical resistance -CI cold insulation -CH chemical resistance -M metatarsal protection -AN ankle protection - pictogram (Figure 2) September Personal Protection Equipment Page 53

54 EN ISO 17249:2004 Safety foot wear with resistance to chainsaw cutting - Year and at least quarter of manufacture - Pictogram (Fig. 1) - Protection level -1chain speed up to 20 m/s -2 chain speed up to 24 m/s -3chain speed up to 28 m/s -4chain speed up to 34 m/s - HRO heat resistant outsole (optional) EN ISO 20345:2004 Safety footwear Basic requirements - Safety footwear must have a 200J toecap. Other properties: (may not all apply to some designs of footwear). Amended 2007 to include slip resistance rating. P - penetration resistance C - conductive A - antistatic I electrically insulating HI- insulating against heat CI- insulating against cold E- energy absorbing seat region WR whole footwear resistant to water penetration / absorption M metatarsal protection AN ankle protection WRU water resistant upper only CR cut resistant upper HRO- outsole resistant to hot contact Slip resistance rating one of: SRA on ceramic surface with soap SRB on steel with glycerol SRC both of the above Classification I- (made from leather and other materials, but not all-rubber or all-polymeric types) SB- basic requirements for safety footwear met S1- basic requirements plus closed and energy absorbing seat region, and antistatic S2- as S1 plus water penetration and absorption S3- as S2 plus penetration resistance and cleaned sole Classification II- (all-rubber or all-polymeric types) SB- basic requirements for safety footwear met S4- basic requirements plus energy absorbing seat region, antistatic S5- as S4 plus penetration resistance and cleaned sole September Personal Protection Equipment Page 54

55 EN ISO 20347:2004 Occupational footwear Basic requirements- Occupational footwear is not required to have a protective toecap. Other properties: markings as for EN ISO 20345:2004 except: FO sole resistant to fuel oil (M metatarsal protection is not on option) Classification I- (made from leather and other materials, but not all-rubber or all-polymeric types) OB basic requirements for occupational footwear met O1- basic requirements plus oil resistant sole, closed and energy absorbing seat region, and antistatic O2- as O1 plus water penetration and absorption O3- as O2 plus penetration resistance and cleaned sole Classification II- (all-rubber or all-polymeric types) OB basic requirements for occupational footwear met O4- basic requirements plus oil resistant sole, energy absorbing seat region, antistatic O5- as O4 plus penetration resistance and cleaned sole EN 50321:2000- Electrically insulating footwear for working on low voltage installations In addition to that required by EN 345, 346 or 347: - symbol for live working (Fig. 3) - class: 00- installations up to 500V ac and 750V dc (beige) 0- Installations up to 1000V ac and 1500V dc (red) - serial or batch number - month and year of manufacture - Provision for marking the date of first use, and dates of periodic examination / inspection September Personal Protection Equipment Page 55

56 EN ISO 20346:2004 Protective footwear Basic requirements- Protective footwear must have a 100J toecap. Other properties: markings as for EN ISO 20345:2004 Classification I- (made from leather and other materials, but not all-rubber or all-polymeric types) PB- basic requirements for protective footwear met P1- basic requirements plus closed and energy absorbing seat region, and antistatic P2- as P1 plus water penetration and absorption P3- as P2 plus penetration resistance and cleated sole Classification II- (all-rubber or all-polymeric types) PB- basic requirements for protective footwear met P4- basic requirements plus energy absorbing seat region, antistatic P5- as P4 plus penetration resistance and cleaned sole Leg Protection September Personal Protection Equipment Page 56

57 EN 381-5:1995- Chainsaw protection - Requirements for leg protectors Design Pictogram- a shield containing a chainsaw (Fig. 1) A, B or C- A gives front and right side rear protection to both legs. B additionally gives rear left side protection to the right leg.c gives all-round protection to both legs Chain Class 1, Class 2or Class 3- respectively 20, 24 or 28 m/s, given below the pictogram speed EN 381-9:1997- Chainsaw protection - Requirements for protective gaiters Chain speed Pictogram- a shield containing a chainsaw (Fig. 1) Class 0, 1, 2or 3- given below the pictogram (16, 20, 24 or 28 m/s). Class 0 only applies to classification I footwear until December 1999, after which it will disappear. EN 14404:2004 Knee protectors for work in the kneeling position. Level 1 for use on flat floor surfaces without projecting objects more than 1 cm high Level 2for use in severe conditions, e.g. kneeling on broken rocks in mining and quarry work. September Personal Protection Equipment Page 57

58 Respiratory Protective Equipment and filters Face masks EN 136: Full face mask CL 1 (light duty, not + ve demand SCBA) CL 2 (general use) CL 3 (special use) EN : Full face mask (pre-1998 equipment only) A (for use with + ve demand SCBA) F (on visor, resistant to radiant heat) EN 140: Half or quarter masks size (if more than one available) BS : 2006 Respiratory protective devices for use against chemical, biological radiological and nuclear (CBRN) agents Part 2: Negative pressure air purifying devices with full face mask - Specification Masks As for EN 136 and marked with BS :2006 Filters Filter packaging Filters EN 143:2000- Filters - particles P- for use against particles + 1, 2or 3(efficiency: low, med, high) - Class and color code (orange / white): mins mins mins mins mins mins - indication if multi-filter - For single use only - BS : year and month of end of shelf life (yyyy/mm) - manufacturer and model identification - See information supplied by the manufacturer - year and month of end of shelf life (yyyy/mm) - manufacturer and model identification - storage conditions Additional markings: - whether the filter is for use on a multi-filter device - indication (+expired hourglass symbol) showing shelf life expiry date in yyyy/mm format R reusable, or NR not reusable (single shift) September Personal Protection Equipment Page 58

59 EN 371:1992- Filters - AX gas and combined filters Superseded by EN 14387:2004 AX- certain organic compounds with bp < 65 o C, optionally plus: P- for use against particles + 1, 2or 3(efficiency: low, med, high) EN 372:1992- Filters - SX gas and combined filters Superseded by EN 14387:2004 SX- for use against specific named gases and vapors, optionally plus: P- for use against particles + 1, 2or 3(efficiency: low, med, high) EN 12083:1998- Filters with breathing hoses (non-mask mounted filters) Markings as for ENs141, 143, 371 or 372 EN 14387:2004- Filters - gas or gas and combined One or more of: A- organic gases/vapors, bp >65 o C B- inorganic gases/vapors (not CO) E- acid gases K- Ammonia and organic derivatives + 1, 2, or 3(capacity: low, med, high), optionally plus: P- particles + 1, 2, or 3(efficiency: low, med, high) NO-P3- nitrogen oxides Hg-P3- mercury vapour AX- certain organic compounds with bp <65 o C, optionally plus: P- for use against particles + 1, 2or 3(efficiency: low, med, high) SX - for use against specific named gases and vapors, optionally plus: P- for use against particles + 1, 2or 3(efficiency: low, med, high) September Personal Protection Equipment Page 59

60 Additional markings: - whether the filter is for use on a multi-filter device - indication (+expired hourglass symbol) showing shelf life expiry date in yyyy/mm format For filters including a particle filtering element: R reusable, or NR not reusable (single shift) NO-P3 filters - For single use only Hg-P3 filters - Maximum use time 50 hours AX filters - For single use only D- suffix indicates dust clogging resistance. EN 149:2001- Filtering face pieces against particles FFP- filtering face piece + 1, 2or 3(efficiency: low, med, high) D- resistant to dolomite clogging test - indication (+expired hourglass symbol) showing shelf life expiry date in yyyy/mm format Revision imminent in 2008 to include: R reusable, or NR not reusable (single shift) EN 405:2001- Valved filtering half masks for use against gases or gases and particles FF- filtering face piece + one or more of: A, B, E, K+ 1or 2(capacity) AX SX P- for use against particles + 1, 2or 3(efficiency- low, med, high) D- resistant to dolomite clogging test - indication (+expired hourglass symbol) showing shelf life expiry date in yyyy/mm format September Personal Protection Equipment Page 60

61 Revision imminent in 2008 to include: R reusable, or NR not reusable (single shift) EN 1827:1999- Filtering half masks without inhalation valves FF- filtering face piece + one or more of: A, B, E, K+ 1or 2(capacity) AX SX P- for use against particles + 1, 2or 3(efficiency- low, med, high) D- resistant to dolomite clogging test Powered/assisted filtering devices EN 146:1991- Powered particle filtering helmets / hoods Superseded by EN 12941:1998 THP- 'turbo hood', particles + 1, 2or 3(efficiency - low, med, high) EN 147:1991- Power assisted particle filtering full, half or quarter mask Superseded by EN 12942:1998 TMP- 'turbo mask', particles + 1, 2or 3(efficiency: low, med, high) September Personal Protection Equipment Page 61

62 EN 12941:1998- Powered filtering device with helmet / hood TH- turbo hood 1, 2or 3- inward leakage class (10%, 2% or 0.2%) + one or more of: A, B, E, K+ 1, 2or 3(capacity: low, med, high) AX SX P- for use against particles + Sor SL- use against solids only or solids and liquids NO(with TH3P only) Hg(with TH3P only) Revision imminent in 2008 to include filter marking: R reusable, or NR not reusable (single shift) Hose/airline breathing apparatus EN 138:1993- Fresh air hose with half or full facemask FAH- fresh air hose Class 1 hose, light duty (not unassisted types), or Class 2 hose, heavy duty (not half masks) EN 139:1994 Compressed air line BA full or half mask or mouthpiece Superseded by EN for demand valve apparatus, and EN for constant flow EN 269:1994- Powered fresh air hose with hood FAH - fresh air hose Class 1 - light duty hose, or Class 2 - heavy duty hose Anti-static Heat resistance September Personal Protection Equipment Page 62

63 EN 271:1995- Compressed air line / powered fresh air hose BA with hood for abrasive blasting Superseded by EN Note: EN 271 contained requirements for powered fresh air hose abrasive blasting helmets. The replacing standard does not contain any requirements for this specific type of equipment there are no known examples on the market. EN :1998- Protective clothing against particulate radioactive contamination - Ventilated suits as for EN 340 (Protective Clothing), plus: pictogram- particulate radioactive contamination (Fig 11 in Clothing document) IL: class x- where x = inward leakage class is lowest protection, 5 is highest EN 1835:1999- Light duty compressed air line helmet or hood Superseded by EN LDH- light duty, hood 1, 2or 3- inward leakage class (10%, 2% or 0.5% respectively) EN 12419:1999- Light duty compressed airline masks Superseded by EN LDM- light duty, mask 1, 2, or 3- inward leakage class (2%, 0.5% or 0.05% respectively) EN :2005- Compressed air line BA with demand valve - full mask On the apparatus: - year of manufacture (4 digits) - temperature limitations, or appropriate pictogram - F if flammability requirement met On the supply tube: - Year of manufacture (4 digits) - H- heat resistance - S- anti-static - F higher flame resistance EN :2005- Compressed air line BA with demand valve - half mask On the apparatus: - Year of manufacture (4 digits) - Temperature limitations, or appropriate pictogram - F if flammability requirement met On the supply tube: - Year of manufacture (4 digits) - H- heat resistance - S- anti-static - F higher flame resistance Self-contained breathing apparatus (including diving) September Personal Protection Equipment Page 63

64 EN 137:1992- Self-contained open circuit compressed air BA Superseded by EN 137:2006 A(for use with + ve demand SCBA) EN 137:2006- Self-contained open circuit compressed air BA with full face mask Manufacturer, model, serial number and standard number, plus: - year of manufacture/shelf life (also on perishable components) - Classification: - Type 1 industrial use - Type 2 firefighting use - cl 3+- on mask if it passes flame engulfment - A on demand valve if specific pressure requirements met - any abnormal temperature range - provision for marking test dates on pressure reducer EN 145:1997- Self contained closed circuit compressed oxygen or oxygen/nitrogen BA O 2 or O 2 - N 2 1, 2or 4- nominal duration in hours P or N positive or negative demand EN 250:2000- Open circuit compressed air diving apparatus. General: - manufacturer, type, serial number and standard number plus: - rated pressure on pressure reducers and gauges - date of manufacture (at least the year) on parts which may be affected by ageing Demand regulator: >10 o C on demand regulators not designed for use in cold water EN 14435: Self-contained open circuit compressed air breathing apparatus with half mask designed to be used with positive pressure only Manufacturer, model, serial number and standard number, plus: - year of manufacture (also on perishable components) - any abnormal temperature range - provision for marking test dates Escape/self rescue devices September Personal Protection Equipment Page 64

65 EN 400:1992- Compressed oxygen closed circuit escape BA Superseded by EN #rated duration in minutes Special use- for carrying or transportation EN 401:1992- Chemical oxygen (KO 2 ) self contained escape breathing apparatus Superseded by EN #rated duration in minutes S- for special use (carrying or transportation) EN 402:2003- Self contained open circuit compressed air escape BA #- rated duration in minutes (steps of 5) For escape only EN 403:2004- Filtering devices with hood for escape from fire M or S- class; designed to be carried on the person, or stored respectively #- maximum mass (for condition checking) EN 404:2005- Filter self-rescuer from carbon monoxide with mouthpiece assembly FSR- filter self rescuer 1, 2, 3or 4- class; rated duration 60, 75, 90 or 120 mins respectively A or B- tested at 30 lpm or 40 lpm R rough usage tested #- mass September Personal Protection Equipment Page 65

66 EN 1061:1996 Self-contained chemical oxygen (NaClO3) escape BA Superseded by EN #- rated duration in minutes S for special use (carrying or transportation) EN 1146:1997- Self contained open circuit compressed air escape BA with hood #- rated duration in minutes For escape only EN 13794:2002 Self contained closed circuit BA for escape C NaClO 3 type D compressed oxygen type K KO 2 type #- rated duration in minutes S- for underground use EN 14529:2005- Self-contained open circuit compressed air breathing apparatus with half mask designed to include a positive pressure lung governed demand valve for escape purposes only Manufacturer, model, serial number and standard number, plus: - year of manufacture/shelf life (also on perishable components) - Classification: Clx, where x = 5 to 30 in steps of 5, representing duration (minutes) in a standard test - identified as for escape only - maximum vessel pressure If unit supplied in a sealed container, marking to be on the container. September Personal Protection Equipment Page 66

67 Hand / Arm Protection General requirements EN 420:2003- General requirements for gloves mark identifying the manufacturer product identifying mark #- size designation (normally in range 6 to 11) - date of obsolescence (if appropriate) #- dexterity performance in range 1(lowest) to 5(highest), if required markings specific to individual risks, including pictograms (Figs 1 to 13) where appropriate Mechanical Risks Physical risks EN 407: Protective gloves against thermal risks (heat and/or fire) as for EN 420, plus: pictogram- for thermal resistance (Fig 4), with six digits in a horizontal line, in the order: #- burning resistance #- contact heat resistance #- convective heat resistance #- radiant heat resistance #- resistance to small splashes of molten metal #- resistance to large splashes of molten metal each graded X, or 1 to 4. X denotes that this property has not been tested. Higher numbers indicate higher resistance. EN 421:1994- Protective gloves against ionizing radiation and radioactive contamination as for EN 420, plus where appropriate: pictogram- for radioactive risk #- 'lead equivalence' in mm #- water vapor permeability (1[most] to 5[least]) #- ozone cracking resistance (1[least] to 4[most]) - any mechanical resistance as for EN any chemical resistance tested by EN September Personal Protection Equipment Page 67

68 EN 511:1994- Protective gloves against cold Superseded by EN 511:2006 as for EN 420, plus pictogram - for cold risk (Fig 6) with two or three digits in a horizontal line in the order: #- convective cold resistance (1 [least] to 4 [most]) #- contact cold resistance (1 [least] to 4 [most]) 1- water impermeability (if required) EN 659:2003- Protective gloves for firefighters as for EN 420, plus pictogram(fig.11): EN 659- implies the following performance levels Mechanical properties Thermal properties Other properties #- abrasion resistance >3 #- cut resistance >2 #- tear resistance >3 #- puncture resistance >3 4- burning resistance #- convective heat resistance >3 #- radiant heat resistance (t24time of >18 s when tested according to EN ISO 6942) #- contact heat resistance (time of >10 s when tested according to EN 702, wet and dry) - heat resistant lining # - dexterity >1 - defined water permeability for waterproof layer - water penetration resistance 1 4optional - integrity to water immersion optional - liquid chemical penetration resistance optional EN 12477:2001 Protective gloves for welders As for EN 420, plus: A Higher protection but lower dexterity B Lower protection but higher dexterity September Personal Protection Equipment Page 68

69 EN 50237:2000- Gloves and mitts with mechanical protection for electrical purposes Superseded by EN 60903:2003 Category Class symbol- for insulating protective equipment (Fig 9) symbol- for mechanical protection (Fig 1) - mark identifying the manufacturer - category (see below) #- size designation (normally in the range 6 to 11) - class (see below) - month and year of manufacture A- acid resistance H- oil resistance Z- ozone resistance P- acid, oil and ozone resistance C- extreme low temperature - marking / symbol color code for material thickness: 00(beige) (thinnest) 0(red) 1(white) Service Panel on which date of first use, and dates of subsequent inspection and test, can be marked history EN 60903:2003- Gloves and mitts of insulating material for live working Category Class symbol - for insulating protective equipment (Figs 1 & 9) - mark identifying the manufacturer #- size designation (normally in the range 6to 11) - month and year of manufacture A- acid resistance H- oil resistance Z- ozone resistance R- all the above C- resistance to low temperature - marking and/or symbol color code: Service history 00(beige) 0(red) 1(white) 2(yellow) 3(green) 4(orange) - depending on length of glove and thickness of material (00 is shortest and thinnest) panel on which date of first use, and dates of subsequent inspection and test, can be marked September Personal Protection Equipment Page 69

70 EN 60984:1993- Sleeves of insulating material for live working symbol- for insulating protective equipment (Fig 9) - mark identifying the manufacturer #- size designation (S, M, LG or XLG) Right or Left- sleeve orientation - month and year of manufacture Category Style Class Service history A- acid resistance H- oil resistance Z- ozone resistance S- both oil and ozone resistance C- resistance to low temperature Style A- straight taper sleeve Style B- curved elbow sleeve marking and/or symbol color code: 0(red) 1(white) 2(yellow) 3(green) 4 (orange) - depending on thickness of material (0 is thinnest) panel on which date of first use, and dates of subsequent inspection and test, can be marked SYMBOLS Fig. 1 Mechanical hazards Fig. 2 Impact cut Fig. 3 Static electricity Fig. 4 Chemical hazards September Personal Protection Equipment Page 70

71 Fig. 5 Cold hazard Fig. 6 Heat and fire Fig. 7 Ionizing radiations and radioactive contamination Fig. 8 Live working symbol Fig. 9 Chainsaw protection Fig. 10 Low chemical protection Fig. 11 Warning of latext content September Personal Protection Equipment Page 71

72 APPENDIX B : Famous brands Famous brands for eye and face protection Famous brands for hard hats September Personal Protection Equipment Page 72

73 Famous brands for footwear Famous brands for work wear September Personal Protection Equipment Page 73

74 Famous brands for hearing protection September Personal Protection Equipment Page 74

75 APPENDIX C: Recommended PPE standards Note : The Iranian Petroleum Standard (IPS),regarding personal safety & fire fighting protective equipment basd on above standards, is also recommended(ips-m-325 materials and equipment standard for personnel safety & fire fighters protective equipment) September Personal Protection Equipment Page 75