Tter person TERM PAPER. Date: 30/4/ MEDICAL VENTILATOR
|
|
- Maximillian Rose
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Tter person TERM PAPER BM 600 Nuruddin Bahar Date: 30/4/ MEDICAL VENTILATOR It is an artificial ventilating device which is used to mechanically move breathable air in and out of lungs at times of lung malfunctioning or breathing insufficiency. It basically works on the principle of pressure difference created within the lungs upon alveolar expansion and contraction. The model assumed here is an isothermal environment, where the net temperature change is zero between the body and its surroundings.
2 A typical Medical Ventilator consists of the following settings: 1. Respiration Rate : RR = (number of breaths delivered by the ventilator)/(specified Time) = f 2. Tidal Volume : Vf = Volume of the gas delivered by the ventilator in each breath. The typical range lies between 5-15 cc/kg. 3. Oxygen Concentration : Amount of oxygen delivered to the patient. Its range will lie between 21% (ambient oxygen concentration) and 100%. Vo = Cardiac Output (amount of blood flow in L) * (Hb volume per L of blood) * (Oxygen volume per L Hb) = CO * ɣh * ɣo 4. IE(Inspiratory to Expiratory Ratio) : It is the ratio of duration of gas inhalation to the duration of gas exhalation. Typically, for normal breathing, this range lies between 1:2 and 1: Pressure Limit : It is the amount of pressure generated to preset the tidal volume. Its typical value lies between mm water more than the respiratory pressure. 6. Flow Rate : It is the speed of gas flow from the ventilator to the mouth via a constant area of cross-section. Typical value lies between LPM. 7. Sensitivity : Ratio of Pressure required initiating inspiration to the actual alveolar pressure. 8. SIGH : (ɳo) A pulse of larger tidal volume in order to prevent alveolar collapse due to uniform alveolar expansion and contraction.
3 Modelling Based on Isothermal Assumption: Ventilator: RR = f (#/s) Tidal Volume = Vf (m3/#) Hence the Volume Flow Rate (dv/dt) = RR * Vf Now, for a constant area of cross section of the ventilator, AS, dv/dt = AS*v Where v = speed of gas flow from the ventilator v = (RR * Vf)/AS System 1: Ambient Air Atmospheric pressure > Po = 760 mm Hg At constant ambient temperature, Ta and constant volume packet of air PO2 = 0.21 Po (Air contains 21% Oxygen) = 0.21*760 mm Hg = mm Hg (Here we assume negligible water content in atmosphere, else we will be having PO2 = 0.21 (Po SPsat), where SPsat = Vapor Pressure of Water at relative saturation S) System 2: Trachea We have S saturation, i.e. S < 1 Hence Pwater vapor = SPsat ~ 47 mm Hg at Ta = 37 C PO2tr = 0.21 * (Po S Psat) = 150 mm Hg System 3: Alveoli and Pulmonary Capillaries We still assume ambient conditions with 100% saturation, i.e. S = 1 Here Pwater vapor = Psat ~ 284 mm Hg PAO2 = 0.21(Po Psat) = 100 mm Hg
4 For pulmonary capillaries, PHbO2 = 40 mm Hg (when oxygen has been used at its optimum by the cells and the blood is returned to the lungs) PAO2 being greater than PHbO2, oxygen will start flowing from the alveoli to the pulmonary capillaries until the Hb molecule reaches the optimum level of saturation(>95%). When due to a respiratory problem, a breathing insufficiency is created, the alveoli pressure becomes insufficient in providing the Hb molecules with sufficient oxygen. Here Let, PAO2 = μ PAO2, where (<1) is the fraction of O2 delivered in comparison to 100% O2 delivery. Thus, the work of a medical ventilator is to provide enough thrust of air / oxygen to maintain normal conditions for a patient suffering from breathing insufficiency. At isothermal condition, if one wants to deliver same no of moles of oxygen (PAO2 * VAO2 ) = (PAO2 * VAO2) VAO2 = μ VAO2 Thus the volume of lungs will increase by a factor of (1/ μ 1) But the lung has to operate on Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) and the amount of oxygen to be delivered to Hb must be VAO2. If CO is the total volumetric flow rate of the blood capillaries around all the alveoli VAO2 = CO *ɣh * ɣo Hence an extra amount of pressure ΔP = PAO2(1 μ) is required. This extra pressure is compensated by the medical ventilator, as net pressure required in alveoli for normal breathing = PAO2 and Ambient pressure = Po For isothermal conditions, assuming negligible height difference, Amount of Work done by the Ventilator in case the patient has lost all his capacity to inspire,
5 W = ( ) ( ) = ZnRTa ln(v(lung)/v(ventilator)) Power Delivered = dw / dt = (-ZnRTa/V(ventilator) )* dv(ventilator)/dt = (-ZnRTa * RR * Vf)/V(ventilator) Again assuming Isothermal Condition, Po * V(ventilator) = PAO2 * CO *ɣh * ɣo V (ventilator) = (PAO2 * CO *ɣh * ɣo)/po Power Delivered = I * V = (-ZnRTa * RR * Vf * Po)/ (PAO2 * CO *ɣh * ɣo) A typical ventilating device works within the above limits of air pressure with a predefined efficiency factor.
6
PICU Resident Self-Study Tutorial The Basic Physics of Oxygen Transport. I was told that there would be no math!
Physiology of Oxygen Transport PICU Resident Self-Study Tutorial I was told that there would be no math! INTRODUCTION Christopher Carroll, MD Although cells rely on oxygen for aerobic metabolism and viability,
More informationSection Two Diffusion of gases
Section Two Diffusion of gases Lecture 5: Partial pressure and the composition of gasses in air. Factors affecting diffusion of gases. Ventilation perfusion ratio effect on alveolar gas concentration.
More informationRespiratory System Physiology. Dr. Vedat Evren
Respiratory System Physiology Dr. Vedat Evren Respiration Processes involved in oxygen transport from the atmosphere to the body tissues and the release and transportation of carbon dioxide produced in
More informationI Physical Principles of Gas Exchange
Respiratory Gases Exchange Dr Badri Paudel, M.D. 2 I Physical Principles of Gas Exchange 3 Partial pressure The pressure exerted by each type of gas in a mixture Diffusion of gases through liquids Concentration
More informationChapter 4: Ventilation Test Bank MULTIPLE CHOICE
Instant download and all chapters Test Bank Respiratory Care Anatomy and Physiology Foundations for Clinical Practice 3rd Edition Will Beachey https://testbanklab.com/download/test-bank-respiratory-care-anatomy-physiologyfoundations-clinical-practice-3rd-edition-will-beachey/
More informationALVEOLAR - BLOOD GAS EXCHANGE 1
ALVEOLAR - BLOOD GAS EXCHANGE 1 Summary: These notes examine the general means by which ventilation is regulated in terrestrial mammals. It then moves on to a discussion of what happens when someone over
More informationUNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION MUST, AT ALL TIMES, ACCEPT THE ENTIRE CARDIAC OUTPUT
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION MUST, AT ALL TIMES, ACCEPT THE ENTIRE CARDIAC OUTPUT UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION
More informationLung Volumes and Capacities
Lung Volumes and Capacities Normally the volume of air entering the lungs during a single inspiration is approximately equal to the volume leaving on the subsequent expiration and is called the tidal volume.
More informationCHAPTER 3: The cardio-respiratory system
: The cardio-respiratory system Exam style questions - text book pages 44-45 1) Describe the structures involved in gaseous exchange in the lungs and explain how gaseous exchange occurs within this tissue.
More informationQuestion 1: Define vital capacity. What is its significance? Vital capacity is the maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inspiration. It is about 3.5 4.5 litres in the human body. It
More informationRespiration - Human 1
Respiration - Human 1 At the end of the lectures on respiration you should be able to, 1. Describe events in the respiratory processes 2. Discuss the mechanism of lung ventilation in human 3. Discuss the
More informationYanal. Jumana Jihad. Jamil Nazzal. 0 P a g e
2 Yanal Jumana Jihad Jamil Nazzal 0 P a g e note: this sheet was written and corrected according to the records from section 2 so you may find differences in the arrangement of topics from the records
More informationTV = Tidal volume (500ml) IRV = Inspiratory reserve volume (3,000 ml)
By: Amin alajlouni Lec: 2nd record Date: 29/10/2017 First of all, this is my first sheet so excuse any mistakes I might make and let's start: As we said before in our last lecture about lung capacities
More informationPaul V. Jennemann Maryland Radon Laboratory, Inc Corporate Court, Suite E Ellicott City, MD 21042
RADON VS PROGENY Paul V. Jennemann Maryland Radon Laboratory, Inc. 3220 Corporate Court, Suite E Ellicott City, MD 21042 1. INTRODUCTION Any one who has taken a radon training course should be familiar
More informationCHAPTER 3: The respiratory system
CHAPTER 3: The respiratory system Practice questions - text book pages 56-58 1) When the inspiratory muscles contract, which one of the following statements is true? a. the size of the thoracic cavity
More informationCirculatory And Respiration
Circulatory And Respiration Composition Of Blood Blood Heart 200mmHg 120mmHg Aorta Artery Arteriole 50mmHg Capillary Bed Venule Vein Vena Cava Heart Differences Between Arteries and Veins Veins transport
More informationCapnography in the Veterinary Technician Toolbox. Katie Pinner BS, LVT Bush Advanced Veterinary Imaging Richmond, VA
Capnography in the Veterinary Technician Toolbox Katie Pinner BS, LVT Bush Advanced Veterinary Imaging Richmond, VA What are Respiration and Ventilation? Respiration includes all those chemical and physical
More information(A) The partial pressure in the lungs is higher than in the blood, and oxygen diffuses out of the lungs passively.
DAT Biology - Problem Drill 12: The Respiratory System Question No. 1 of 10 1. Which statement about the partial pressure of oxygen inside the lungs is correct? Question #01 (A) The partial pressure in
More informationIntroduction. Respiration. Chapter 10. Objectives. Objectives. The Respiratory System
Introduction Respiration Chapter 10 The Respiratory System Provides a means of gas exchange between the environment and the body Plays a role in the regulation of acidbase balance during exercise Objectives
More informationCollin County Community College. Lung Physiology
Collin County Community College BIOL. 2402 Anatomy & Physiology WEEK 9 Respiratory System 1 Lung Physiology Factors affecting Ventillation 1. Airway resistance Flow = Δ P / R Most resistance is encountered
More informationRESPIRATORY GAS EXCHANGE
RESPIRATORY GAS EXCHANGE Alveolar PO 2 = 105 mmhg; Pulmonary artery PO 2 = 40 mmhg PO 2 gradient across respiratory membrane 65 mmhg (105 mmhg 40 mmhg) Results in pulmonary vein PO 2 ~100 mmhg Partial
More informationInitiation and Management of Airway Pressure Release Ventilation (APRV)
Initiation and Management of Airway Pressure Release Ventilation (APRV) Eric Kriner RRT Pulmonary Critical Care Clinical Specialist Pulmonary Services Department Medstar Washington Hospital Center Disclosures
More informationLet s talk about Capnography
Let s talk about Capnography This is one of a series of articles by Keith Simpson BVSc MRCVS MIET (Electronics) discussing the practical aspects of some common monitoring techniques. Capnometry is the
More information660 mm Hg (normal, 100 mm Hg, room air) Paco, (arterial Pc02) 36 mm Hg (normal, 40 mm Hg) % saturation 50% (normal, 95%-100%)
148 PHYSIOLOGY CASES AND PROBLEMS Case 26 Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Herman Neiswander is a 65-year-old retired landscape architect in northern Wisconsin. One cold January morning, he decided to warm his
More informationHuman gas exchange. Question Paper. Save My Exams! The Home of Revision. Cambridge International Examinations. 56 minutes. Time Allowed: Score: /46
Human gas exchange Question Paper Level Subject Exam oard Topic Sub Topic ooklet O Level iology ambridge International Examinations Respiration Human gas exchange Question Paper Time llowed: 56 minutes
More informationRespiratory Physiology Gaseous Exchange
Respiratory Physiology Gaseous Exchange Session Objectives. What you will cover Basic anatomy of the lung including airways Breathing movements Lung volumes and capacities Compliance and Resistance in
More informationBREATHING AND EXCHANGE OF GASES
96 BIOLOGY, EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS CHAPTER 17 BREATHING AND EXCHANGE OF GASES MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. Respiration in insects is called direct because a. The cell exchange O 2 directly with the air in the
More informationROUTINE PREOXYGENATION
EDITORIAL ROUTINE PREOXYGENATION It is a fact of great clinical importance that the body oxygen stores are so small, and if replenishment ceases, they are normally insufficient to sustain life for more
More informationBreathing. Physics of Breathing 11/14/2011. Function of Respiratory Tract. Structure of Respiratory Tract. Parts of the Respiratory Tract
Breathing Function of Respiratory Tract The respiratory tract is a series of spaces and semirigid tubes designed to convey air into and out of the respiratory organs (lungs). Parts of the Respiratory Tract
More informationBREATHING AND EXCHANGE OF GASES
96 BIOLOGY, EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS CHAPTER 17 BREATHING AND EXCHANGE OF GASES MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. Respiration in insects is called direct because a. The tissues exchange O 2 directly with the air in
More informationLab 3. The Respiratory System (designed by Heather E. M. Liwanag with T.M. Williams)
Name Lab Partners Lab 3. The Respiratory System (designed by Heather E. M. Liwanag with T.M. Williams) Part 1. Lung Volumes and Capacities Objectives 1. Obtain graphical representation of lung capacities
More informationRespiration. The resspiratory system
Respiration The resspiratory system The Alveoli The lungs have about 300 million alveoli, with a total crosssec onal area of 50 70 m2.. Each alveolar sac is surrounded by blood capillaries. The walls of
More informationUnit II Problem 4 Physiology: Diffusion of Gases and Pulmonary Circulation
Unit II Problem 4 Physiology: Diffusion of Gases and Pulmonary Circulation - Physical principles of gases: Pressure of a gas is caused by the movement of its molecules against a surface (more concentration
More information2. State the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a normal breathing.
CLASS XI BIOLOGY Breathing And Exchange of Gases 1. Define vital capacity. What is its significance? Answer: Vital Capacity (VC): The maximum volume of air a person can breathe in after a forced expiration.
More informationChapter 9 Airway Respirations Metabolism Oxygen Requirements Respiratory Anatomy Respiratory Anatomy Respiratory Anatomy Diaphragm
1 Chapter 9 Airway 2 Respirations Every cell of the body requires to survive Oxygen must come in and carbon must go out 3 Metabolism Metabolism--Process where the body s cells convert food to Adequate
More informationRespiratory system & exercise. Dr. Rehab F Gwada
Respiratory system & exercise Dr. Rehab F Gwada Objectives of lecture Outline the major anatomical components & important functions of the respiratory system. Describe the mechanics of ventilation. List
More informationThe physiological functions of respiration and circulation. Mechanics. exercise 7. Respiratory Volumes. Objectives
exercise 7 Respiratory System Mechanics Objectives 1. To explain how the respiratory and circulatory systems work together to enable gas exchange among the lungs, blood, and body tissues 2. To define respiration,
More informationPART ONE CHAPTER ONE PRIMARY CONSIDERATIONS RELATING TO THE PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF THE MECHANICAL VENTILATION OF THE LUNG
PART ONE CHAPTER ONE PRIMARY CONSIDERATIONS RELATING TO THE PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF THE MECHANICAL VENTILATION OF THE LUNG POSSIBLE ORIGIN OF THE MECHANICAL VENTILATION OF THE LUNG- The first
More informationChapter 37: Pulmonary Ventilation. Chad & Angela
Chapter 37: Pulmonary Ventilation Chad & Angela Respiratory Structures Basic Structures of Respiration Nasal/Oral Cavities Larynx Trachea Bronchi Secondary Bronchi Bronchioles Alveoli Mechanics of Ventilation
More informationRespiratory System Review
KEY THIS TEST WILL BE COMPLETED IN ONE CLASS PERIOD MONDAY, MARCH 10. 2014 Respiratory System Review Name A. Directions: Fill in the blank with the appropriate vocabulary word or words (several examples
More information4. For external respiration to occur effectively, you need three parameters. They are:
Self Assessment Module D Name: ANSWER KEY 1. Hypoxia should be assumed whenever the PaO 2 is below 45 mm Hg. 2. Name some clinical conditions that will result in hyperventilation (respiratory alkalosis).
More informationRespiratory System Homework
Respiratory System Homework The R S is the body s breathing equipment. Similar to the D system, it takes S from outside the body (G, particularly O ), circulates them through the body to C and T, then
More informationMedical Ventilators. Ryan Sanford Daniel Tajik
Medical Ventilators Ryan Sanford Daniel Tajik Medical Ventilators Assist patients that have trouble breathing on their own. 2 Oxygen Intake The Respiratory System has the responsibility of providing the
More informationVENTILATORS PURPOSE OBJECTIVES
VENTILATORS PURPOSE To familiarize and acquaint the transfer Paramedic with the skills and knowledge necessary to adequately maintain a ventilator in the interfacility transfer environment. COGNITIVE OBJECTIVES
More informationThe Physiologic Basis of DLCO testing. Brian Graham Division of Respirology, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine University of Saskatchewan
The Physiologic Basis of DLCO testing Brian Graham Division of Respirology, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine University of Saskatchewan Objectives Review gas transport from inhaled gas to the rest of the
More informationMechanical Ventilation. Mechanical Ventilation is a Drug!!! is a drug. MV: Indications for use. MV as a Drug: Outline. MV: Indications for use
Mechanical Ventilation is a Drug!!! Mechanical Ventilation is a drug I am an employee of Philips Healthcare Hospital Respiratory Care Group and they help me pay for my kids education Jim Laging, RRT, RCP
More informationPulmonary Circulation Linda Costanzo Ph.D.
Pulmonary Circulation Linda Costanzo Ph.D. OBJECTIVES: After studying this lecture, the student should understand: 1. The differences between pressures in the pulmonary and systemic circulations. 2. How
More informationIV. FROM AQUATIC TO ATMOSPHERIC BREATHING: THE TRACHEA & THE LUNG
GAS EXCHANGE AND TRANSPORT I. INTRODUCTION: Heterotrophs oxidize carbon cmpds using O 2 to generate CO 2 & H 2 O. This is cellular respiration II. HOW GAS ENTERS A CELL A. The composition of air: 79% N
More informationChapter 13 The Respiratory System
Chapter 13 The Respiratory System by Dr. Jay M. Templin Brooks/Cole - Thomson Learning Atmosphere Tissue cell External respiration Alveoli of lungs 1 Ventilation or gas exchange between the atmosphere
More informationRESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY. Anaesthesiology Block 18 (GNK 586) Prof Pierre Fourie
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY Anaesthesiology Block 18 (GNK 586) Prof Pierre Fourie Outline Ventilation Diffusion Perfusion Ventilation-Perfusion relationship Work of breathing Control of Ventilation 2 This image
More informationLUNG CLEARANCE INDEX. COR-MAN IN Issue A, Rev INNOVISION ApS Skovvænget 2 DK-5620 Glamsbjerg Denmark
LUNG CLEARANCE INDEX METHOD COR-MAN-0000-008-IN Issue A, Rev. 3 2013-07-01 INNOVISION ApS Skovvænget 2 DK-5620 Glamsbjerg Denmark Tel.: +45 65 95 91 00 Fax: +45 65 95 78 00 info@innovision.dk www.innovision.dk
More informationAPRV: Moving beyond ARDSnet
APRV: Moving beyond ARDSnet Matthew Lissauer, MD Associate Professor of Surgery Medical Director, Surgical Critical Care Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey What is APRV? APRV is different from
More informationBREATH-BY-BREATH METHOD
BREATH-BY-BREATH METHOD COR-MAN-0000-005-IN / EN Issue A, Rev. 2 2013-07 INNOISION ApS Skovvænge DK-5620 Glamsbjerg Denmark Tel.: +45 65 95 91 00 Fax: +45 65 95 78 00 info@innovision.dk www.innovision.dk
More informationCHAPTER 6. Oxygen Transport. Copyright 2008 Thomson Delmar Learning
CHAPTER 6 Oxygen Transport Normal Blood Gas Value Ranges Table 6-1 OXYGEN TRANSPORT Oxygen Dissolved in the Blood Plasma Dissolve means that the gas maintains its precise molecular structure About.003
More information2.1.1 List the principal structures of the
physiology 2.1.1 List the principal structures of the The principle structures of the respiratory are: Nose/Mouth used for inhalation of oxygen-rich air and expelling carbon dioxide rich air Pharynx -
More informationRespiration (revised 2006) Pulmonary Mechanics
Respiration (revised 2006) Pulmonary Mechanics PUL 1. Diagram how pleural pressure, alveolar pressure, airflow, and lung volume change during a normal quiet breathing cycle. Identify on the figure the
More informationRESPIRATORY REGULATION DURING EXERCISE
RESPIRATORY REGULATION DURING EXERCISE Respiration Respiration delivery of oxygen to and removal of carbon dioxide from the tissue External respiration ventilation and exchange of gases in the lung Internal
More informationThe Respiratory System
Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology Elaine N. Marieb Seventh Edition Chapter 13 The Respiratory System Slides 13.1 13.30 Lecture Slides in PowerPoint by Jerry L. Cook Organs of the Respiratory system
More informationTest Bank for Pilbeams Mechanical Ventilation Physiological and Clinical Applications 6th Edition by Cairo
Test Bank for Pilbeams Mechanical Ventilation Physiological and Clinical Applications 6th Edition by Cairo Link full download: http://testbankair.com/download/test-bank-for-pilbeams-mechanicalventilation-physiological-and-clinical-applications-6th-edition-by-cairo/
More informationChapter 17 The Respiratory System: Gas Exchange and Regulation of Breathing
Chapter 17 The Respiratory System: Gas Exchange and Regulation of Breathing Overview of Pulmonary Circulation o Diffusion of Gases o Exchange of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide o Transport of Gases in the Blood
More informationRecitation question # 05
Recitation and Lab # 05 The goal of this recitations / labs is to review material related to the CV and respiratory lectures for the second test of this course. Info required to answer this recitation
More informationAN OVERVIEW OF RESPIRATION AND AN INTRODUCTION TO DIFFUSION AND SOLUBILITY OF GASES 1
AN OVERVIEW OF RESPIRATION AND AN INTRODUCTION TO DIFFUSION AND SOLUBILITY OF GASES 1 Summary: This set of notes gives an overview of respiration and then follows the overview with a detailed discussion
More informationRespiratory Lecture Test Questions Set 1
Respiratory Lecture Test Questions Set 1 1. The term "respiration" in its most complete meaning is: a. breathing b. oxygen transport c. carbon dioxide transport d. cellular energy production e. all of
More informationBy: Aseel Jamil Al-twaijer. Lec : physical principles of gas exchange
By: Aseel Jamil Al-twaijer Lec : physical principles of gas exchange Date:30 /10/2017 this lecture is about the exchange of gases between the blood and the alveoli. I might add some external definitions
More informationClassification of Mechanical Ventilators
Classification of Mechanical Ventilators Kacmarek s 12 Point Classification Positive/Negative Pressure Powering Mechanism Driving Mechanism Single or Double Circuited Modes of Ventilation Cycling Parameter
More information4/18/12 MECHANISM OF RESPIRATION. Every Breath You Take. Fun Facts
Objectives MECHANISM OF RESPIRATION Dr Badri Paudel Explain how the intrapulmonary and intrapleural pressures vary during ventilation and relate these pressure changes to Boyle s law. Define the terms
More informationAlveolus and Respiratory Membrane
Alveolus and Respiratory Membrane thin membrane where gas exchange occurs in the lungs, simple squamous epithelium (Squamous cells have the appearance of thin, flat plates. They fit closely together in
More informationModule Two. Objectives: Objectives cont. Objectives cont. Objectives cont.
Transition to the New National EMS Education Standards: EMT-B B to EMT Module Two Objectives: Upon completion, each participant will do the following to a degree of accuracy that meets the Ntl EMS Education
More informationRodney Shandukani 14/03/2012
Rodney Shandukani 14/03/2012 OXYGEN THERAPY Aerobic metabolism accounts for 90% of Oxygen consumption by tissues. generates ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. Oxygen cascade: Oxygen exerts a partial pressure,
More informationBasics of Mechanical Ventilation. Dr Shrikanth Srinivasan MD,DNB,FNB,EDIC Consultant, Critical Care Medicine Medanta, The Medicity
Basics of Mechanical Ventilation Dr Shrikanth Srinivasan MD,DNB,FNB,EDIC Consultant, Critical Care Medicine Medanta, The Medicity Overview of topics 1. Goals 2. Settings 3. Modes 4. Advantages and disadvantages
More informationCardiopulmonary Physical Therapy. Haneul Lee, DSc, PT
Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy Haneul Lee, DSc, PT OBJECTIVE 1. Explain the principle physiological function of the pulmonary system 2. Outline the major anatomical components of the respiratory system.
More informationBreathing oxygenates the blood to allow food to be respired
Chapter 6 Breathing oxygenates the blood to allow food to be respired This chapter covers: the structure of the human gas exchange system the mechanism of breathing gas exchange in the alveoli the concept
More informationBiology 212: Anatomy and Physiology II Lab #7: Exercise Physiology in Health and Disease
Biology 212: Anatomy and Physiology II Lab #7: Exercise Physiology in Health and Disease References: Saladin, KS: Anatomy and Physiology, The Unity of Form and Function 7 th (2015) Be sure you have read
More informationrespiratory cycle. point in the volumes: 500 milliliters. for men. expiration, up to 1200 milliliters extra makes breathing Respiratory
10 II. RESPIRATORY VOLUMES, CAPACITIES & PULMONARY FUNCTION TESTS Respiratory volume is the term used for various volumes of air moved by or associated with the lungs at a given point in the respiratory
More informationinquiry question How does the respiratory system contribute to energy production for movement? UNCORRECTED PAGE PROOFS
inquiry question How does the respiratory system contribute to energy production for movement? chapter 7 Structure and functions of the respiratory system The respiratory system is the starting point for
More informationRESPIRATORY MONITORING AND OXIMETRY
RESPIRATORY MONITORING AND OXIMETRY EE 471 F2016 Prof. Yasser Mostafa Kadah Introduction Respiratory monitoring includes measurement, evaluation, and monitoring of parameters of respiratory system, First
More informationPhysiology (3) Pulmonary Function Test:
Pulmonary Function Test: Today we will continue with the pulmonary function test, and the question is: why do we do pulmonary function tests for patients? Can pulmonary function tests tell us what type
More informationRespiratory Medicine. A-A Gradient & Alveolar Gas Equation Laboratory Diagnostics. Alveolar Gas Equation. See online here
Respiratory Medicine A-A Gradient & Alveolar Gas Equation Laboratory Diagnostics See online here Alveolar gas equation helps to calculate the partial pressure of oxygen in alveoli and A-a gradient is the
More informationAccumulation of EEV Barotrauma Affect hemodynamic Hypoxemia Hypercapnia Increase WOB Unable to trigger MV
Complicated cases during mechanical ventilation Pongdhep Theerawit M.D. Pulmonary and Critical Care Division Ramathibodi Hospital Case I Presentation Male COPD 50 YO, respiratory failure, on mechanical
More informationPROBLEM SET 9. SOLUTIONS April 23, 2004
Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology HST.542J: Quantitative Physiology: Organ Transport Systems Instructors: Roger Mark and Jose Venegas MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Departments
More informationRespiration. Figure 22: Schematic representation of the respiratory system
Respiration One of the seven characteristics of something which is living is respiration. Strictly speaking, respiration is the process that takes place at cellular level and is one of three different
More informationName period date assigned date due date returned
Name period date assigned date due date returned procedure 1. Take one balloon and stretch it out 2. Take one deep breath and blow into the balloon until you cannot breath out anymore. Do Not Take A Second
More informationYou Are Really Full of Hot Air!
You Are Really Full of Hot Air! Student Information Page 5B Activity Introduction: You re just full of hot air! How many times has someone said this to you when they didn t quite believe what you were
More information3100A Competency Exam
NAME DATE (Circle the appropriate answer) 3100A Competency Exam 1. Of the following, which best describes the mechanics of ventilation used by the 3100A? a. Active inspiration with passive exhalation b.
More information1.2 The structure and functions of the cardio-respiratory system Learning objectives
1.2 The structure and functions of the cardio-respiratory system Learning objectives To understand the functions of the circulatory system. To be able to identify the differences between veins, arteries
More informationVienna, Austria May 2005 MONITORING GAS EXCHANGE: FROM THEORY TO CLINICAL APPLICATION
EUROANESTHESIA 2005 Vienna, Austria 28-31 May 2005 MONITORING GAS EXCHANGE: FROM THEORY TO CLINICAL APPLICATION 5RC2 OLA STENQVIST Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Sahlgrenska University Hospital
More information3/24/2009 LAB D.HAMMOUDI.MD. 1. Trachea 2. Thoracic wall 3. Lungs 4. Primary bronchi 5. Diaphragm
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY LAB D.HAMMOUDI.MD 1. Trachea 2. Thoracic wall 3. Lungs 4. Primary bronchi 5. Diaphragm 1 KEY WORDS TO KNOW BOYLE S LAW INTERCOSTAL NERVES PHRENIC NERVE DIAPHRAGM EXTERNAL INTERCOSTAL
More informationFashionable, don t you think?
Fashionable, don t you think? 1. Passageway 2. Structure 3. Passageway 4. What is the name of the structure labeled with # 9 in the model at left? 5. What is the name of the structure labeled with # 11
More informationAdvanced Ventilator Modes. Shekhar T. Venkataraman M.D. Professor Critical Care Medicine and Pediatrics University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Advanced Ventilator Modes Shekhar T. Venkataraman M.D. Shekhar T. Venkataraman M.D. Professor Critical Care Medicine and Pediatrics University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Advanced modes Pressure-Regulated
More informationPressure Controlled Modes of Mechanical Ventilation
Pressure Controlled Modes of Mechanical Ventilation Christopher Junker Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine George Washington University Saturday, August 20, 2011 Assist Control Hypoxemic
More informationPart 3: Simulation Cards Reader s Page
Reader s Page Make 1 copy for Reader. Instructions will be on the front, questions on the back. As an option, the simulation may be frozen and a discussion of information on back of card undertaken. Students
More informationRespiratory System. Prepared by: Dorota Marczuk-Krynicka, MD, PhD
Respiratory System Prepared by: Dorota Marczuk-Krynicka, MD, PhD Lungs: Ventilation Perfusion Gas Exchange - Diffusion 1. Airways and Airway Resistance (AWR) 2. Mechanics of Breathing and Lung (Elastic)
More informationThen the partial pressure of oxygen is. b) Gases will diffuse down a pressure gradient across a respiratory surface if it is: i) permeable ii) moist
1 AP Biology March 2008 Respiration Chapter 42 Gas exchange occurs across specialized respiratory surfaces. 1) Gas exchange: Relies on the diffusion of gases down pressure gradients. At sea level, atmosphere
More informationMEDICAL EQUIPMENT IV MECHANICAL VENTILATORS. Prof. Yasser Mostafa Kadah
MEDICAL EQUIPMENT IV - 2013 MECHANICAL VENTILATORS Prof. Yasser Mostafa Kadah Mechanical Ventilator A ventilator is a machine, a system of related elements designed to alter, transmit, and direct energy
More informationRespiratory System Study Guide, Chapter 16
Part I. Clinical Applications Name: Respiratory System Study Guide, Chapter 16 Lab Day/Time: 1. A person with ketoacidosis may hyperventilate. Explain why this occurs, and explain why this hyperventilation
More informationDefinition An uninterrupted path between the atmosphere and the alveoli
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Airway Management (Class 9) Airway Definition An uninterrupted path between the atmosphere and the alveoli Methods of opening the airway Positioning Left lateral recumbent
More informationRespiratory Lecture Test Questions Set 3
Respiratory Lecture Test Questions Set 3 1. The pressure of a gas: a. is inversely proportional to its volume b. is unaffected by temperature changes c. is directly proportional to its volume d. does not
More informationRespiratory Physiology. ED Primary Teaching
Respiratory Physiology ED Primary Teaching Functions of the respiratory system Gas exchange with O2 and CO2 Surfactant production Defence - IgA and macrophages Filer - pollutants and thromboembolism Metabolises
More informationRespiration. The ins and outs
Respiration The ins and outs Functions 1. To bring O 2 into the body and transfer it to the blood stream 2. To remove CO 2 Circulation and respiration work together to achieve these functions Why Do We
More informationTable of Contents. By Adam Hollingworth
By Adam Hollingworth Table of Contents Oxygen Cascade... 2 Diffusion... 2 Laws of Diffusion... 2 Diffusion & Perfusion Limitations... 3 Oxygen Uptake Along Pulmon Capillary... 4 Measurement of Diffusing
More information