Trial version. Gas Compression and Expansion. How can you calculate the energy used or made available when the volume of a gas is changed?
|
|
- Flora Long
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Gas Compression and Expansion How can you calculate the energy used or made available when the volume of a gas is changed? Gas Compression and Expansion page: 1 of 10 Contents Initial Problem Statement 2 Narrative 3-8 Appendices 9-10
2 Gas Compression and Expansion Initial Problem Statement Many machines compress or expand a gas or fluid as part of their working design. Examples include a simple bicycle pump, a refrigerator and an internal combustion engine. To compress a gas you need to expend energy to reduce its volume. When a gas is allowed to expand energy is released. How can you calculate the energy used or made available when the volume of a gas is changed? Gas Compression and Expansion page: 2 of 10
3 Narrative 1. Isothermal change An isothermal change of volume of a gas is one where the temperature of the gas remains constant. To achieve this, the change in volume must be slow and there must be good thermal contact with the surroundings. In this case, for an ideal gas, the pressure, p, and volume,, are related through the equation p = k, This is Boyle s law. where k is a constant. The energy transfer, w, involved in changing the volume is given by w= p d Activity 1 k The expression p = k can be re-written as p =. Substitute this into w p = d and find the integral. Discussion 1 How do you determine the constant of integration? Activity 2 One cylinder of an engine has a volume available to an air/fuel mix of 500 cm 3 when the piston is in its lowest position. Convert this volume to m 3. Figure 1 olume available: 500 cm 3 Gas Compression and Expansion page: 3 of 10
4 The initial pressure at this volume is 101 kilopascals. Find the constant, k, in p = k and the constant of integration in your expression for the energy transfer when the volume is changed. Discussion 2 What are the units of k? Activity 3 The gas is isothermally compressed to a volume of 50 cm 3. Figure 2 Find the energy transfer in joules. Give your answer to 1 d.p. Multimedia Compressed volume: 50 cm 3 The activity Gas Compression and Expansion Interactive is available to demonstrate the change of volume that occurs as a pistol moves in a cylinder. Gas Compression and Expansion page: 4 of 10
5 2. Isothermal change, definite integral The previous section used an indefinite integral to evaluate the energy change when a gas is compressed or expanded. When changes in values are considered in problems involving integration, e.g. the change in energy when there is a change in volume, the result can be obtained by using limits to give a definite integral. This avoids having to determine the constant of integration. For the previous example where a volume of m 3 is compressed to a volume of m 3, the change in energy is written as a definite integral where k = w = k Discussion 3 1 d Since the variable in the integral is, the limits, and are values of. Which of the limits, or is the larger? What does this tell you about what is happening? Activity 4 Find w using the definite integral above. Give your answer to 1 d.p. A graph of how the pressure, p, varies with the volume,, in the isothermal system is shown below Pressure (Pa) 6.00E E E E E E+06 Final volume Initial volume 0.00E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E-04 Figure 3 olume (m 3 ) Discussion 4 What does the definite integral you have evaluated represent on the graph? Gas Compression and Expansion page: 5 of 10
6 Discussion 5 These calculations assume a slow change in volume so that the gas remains at the same temperature as its surroundings. This is done by transferring energy between the gas and its surroundings. Is this likely to be the case for an internal combustion engine? Gas Compression and Expansion page: 6 of 10
7 3. Adiabatic change The previous sections have assumed a slow change in volume so that the gas remains at the same temperature as its surroundings. This is done by transferring energy between the gas and its surroundings. In many cases, however, this will not be the case. For example, the compression of the air/fuel mixture in an internal combustion engine is very fast, typically taking only a few tens of milliseconds. Under these circumstances energy does not have sufficient time to leave the system and instead heats the gas, changing its temperature. In a diesel engine this effect is used to ignite the fuel by compression alone. In the ideal case where no energy is lost the relationship between pressure and volumes is given for an ideal gas by p γ = k, where k is a constant (not equal to the constant used in the previous sections). The volume is raised to the power of γ which is a property of the gas being compressed. For air γ may be taken as having a constant value of 1.4. The energy transfer involved in changing the volume, w, is still given by w= p d k The expression p γ = k can be re-written as p = γ, so that k w = γ d 1 = k d γ Activity 5 Find the above integral using γ = 1.4. Activity 6 One cylinder of an engine has a volume available to an air/fuel mix of 500 cm 3 when the piston is in its lowest position. Convert this volume to m 3. The initial pressure at this volume is 101 kilopascals. Find the constant, k, in p γ = k where γ = 1.4, and the constant of integration in your expression for the energy transfer when the volume is changed. Activity 7 The gas is adiabatically compressed to a volume of 50 cm 3. Find the energy transfer in joules. Give your answer to 1 d.p. Gas Compression and Expansion page: 7 of 10
8 Activity 8 Introduce limits to the integral w= k 1 d and find the energy transfer using a γ definite integral. Discussion 6 Do you think it is possible to compress a gas without a loss of energy? Gas Compression and Expansion page: 8 of 10
9 Appendix 1 using the interactives Gas Compression and Expansion Interactive The activity Gas Compression and Expansion Interactive is available to demonstrate the change of volume that occurs as a pistol moves in a cylinder. Figure 5 The speed of the animation is controlled using the slider at the bottom of the screen. In particular, if you stop the motion when the piston as at the very bottom of its motion and compare the volume available with that which available when the piston is at the very top of its motion, you will see that there is a volume ratio of 10:1. This is the compression ratio of the engine. Figure 6 Figure 7 Gas Compression and Expansion page: 9 of 10
10 Appendix 2 mathematical coverage Use calculus to solve engineering problems Be able to interpret area Distinguish between definite and indefinite integrals and interpret a definite integral as an area Gas Compression and Expansion page: 10 of 10
Constant-Volume Process
Constant-Volume Process A constant-volume process is called an isochoric process. Consider the gas in a closed, rigid container. Warming the gas with a flame will raise its pressure without changing its
More informationCHAPTER 31 IDEAL GAS LAWS
CHAPTER 31 IDEAL GAS LAWS EXERCISE 144, Page 317 1. The pressure of a mass of gas is increased from 150 kpa to 750 kpa at constant temperature. Determine the final volume of the gas, if its initial volume
More informationPHYS 102 Quiz Problems Chapter 19 : Kinetic Theory of Gases Dr. M. F. Al-Kuhaili
PHYS 102 Quiz Problems Chapter 19 : Kinetic Theory of Gases Dr. M. F. Al-Kuhaili 1. (TERM 001) Two moles of an ideal gas initially at 300 K and 0.40 atm are compressed isothermally to 1.2 atm. (a) Find
More informationA B isothermal compression at a temperature of 300 K. The work done on the air is 104 J.
Q1. In an ideal hot air engine, a fixed mass of air is continuously taken through the following four processes: A B isothermal compression at a temperature of 300 K. The work done on the air is 104 J.
More informationTHE BEHAVIOR OF GASES
14 THE BEHAVIOR OF GASES SECTION 14.1 PROPERTIES OF GASES (pages 413 417) This section uses kinetic theory to explain the properties of gases. This section also explains how gas pressure is affected by
More information9A Gas volume and pressure are indirectly proportional.
The Gas Laws Key Terms Boyle s law Charles s law combined gas law absolute zero Gay-Lussac s law Scientists have been studying physical properties of gases for hundreds of years In 1662, Robert Boyle discovered
More informationGas volume and pressure are indirectly proportional.
Section 2 The Gas Laws Key Terms Boyle s law Charles s law combined gas law absolute zero Gay-Lussac s law Scientists have been studying physical properties of gases for hundreds of years In 1662, Robert
More informationProblems of Chapter 3
Problems of Chapter 3 Section 3.1 Molecular Model of an Ideal Gas 3. A sealed cubical container 20 cm on a side contains three times Avogadro s number of molecules at a temperature of 20 C. Find the force
More informationNote: You will receive no credit for late submissions. To learn more, read your instructor's Grading Policy. A Law for Scuba Divers
1/6 2009/11/14 上午 11:12 Manage this Assignment: Chapter 18 Due: 12:00am on Saturday, July 3, 2010 Note: You will receive no credit for late submissions. To learn more, read your instructor's Grading Policy
More informationProcess Nature of Process
AP Physics Free Response Practice Thermodynamics 1983B4. The pv-diagram above represents the states of an ideal gas during one cycle of operation of a reversible heat engine. The cycle consists of the
More informationBOYLE S LAW: Use Boyles Law to answer the following questions. Show all work and include units to receive full credit. Answers are in bold.
Gas Laws Practice Packet Name: Block: Date: BOYLE S LAW: Use Boyles Law to answer the following questions. Show all work and include units to receive full credit. Answers are in bold. 1. What is the mathematical
More informationName Class Date. What are some properties of gases? How do changes of pressure, temperature, or volume affect a gas?
CHAPTER 3 States of Matter 4 Behavior of Gases SECTION KEY IDEAS As you read this section, keep these questions in mind: What are some properties of gases? How do changes of pressure, temperature, or volume
More informationINVESTIGATING GAS LAWS WORKSHEET - SCH 3U
INESIGAING GAS LAWS WORKSHEE - SCH 3U Review: Convert the following. 30.0 C = K 55 F = C = K 255 cm 3 = L 5500 ml = m 3 799 mm Hg = kpa 155 kpa = lb/in 2 (1) BOYLE S LAW he Relationship between Pressure
More informationYou should be able to: Describe Equipment Barometer Manometer. 5.1 Pressure Read and outline 5.1 Define Barometer
A P CHEMISTRY - Unit 5: Gases Unit 5: Gases Gases are distinguished from other forms of matter, not only by their power of indefinite expansion so as to fill any vessel, however large, and by the great
More informationCRYOGENICS LIQUID NITROGEN AS A NON- POLLUTING FUEL
CRYOGENICS LIQUID NITROGEN AS A NON- POLLUTING FUEL 1 INTRODUCTION: In 1997, the University of North Texas (UNT) and University of Washington (UW) independently developed liquid nitrogen powered vehicles
More informationGas Pressure Volume Relationships Laboratory Simulation
Gas Pressure Volume Relationships Laboratory Simulation Name Lab Section Problem Statement: How are the pressure and volume of a gas sample related? How do pressure/volume relationships of different gases
More informationCERTIFICATES OF COMPETENCY IN THE MERCHANT NAVY MARINE ENGINEER OFFICER
CERTIFICATES OF COMPETENCY IN THE MERCHANT NAVY MARINE ENGINEER OFFICER EXAMINATIONS ADMINISTERED BY THE SCOTTISH QUALIFICATIONS AUTHORITY ON BEHALF OF THE MARITIME AND COASTGUARD AGENCY STCW 95 CHIEF
More informationSolids, Liquids, and Gases
chapter 14 Solids, Liquids, and Gases section 3 Behavior of Gases What You ll Learn how a gas exerts pressure on its container how changing pressure, temperature, or volume affect a gas Before You Read
More informationDO NOT, under any circumstances, throw this away! This packet MUST be saved for the final exam.
Name: Period: Unit 2 Packet Energy and States of Matter Unit 2 Packet Contents Sheet (This Paper!) Unit 2 Objectives Notes: Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases- 3 pgs (with Behavior of Gases Reading, and
More informationGLOSSARY OF TERMS. Adiabatic Compression Compression process when all heat of compression is retained in the gas being compressed.
GLOSSARY OF TERMS Absolute pressure Total pressure measured from absolute zero i.e. a perfect vacuum. As a practical matter, gauge pressure plus atmospheric pressure. Absolute temperature Temperature measured
More informationApplied Fluid Mechanics
Applied Fluid Mechanics 1. The Nature of Fluid and the Study of Fluid Mechanics 2. Viscosity of Fluid 3. Pressure Measurement 4. Forces Due to Static Fluid 5. Buoyancy and Stability 6. Flow of Fluid and
More informationLecture Presentation. Chapter 10. Gases. John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College Cottleville, MO Pearson Education, Inc.
Lecture Presentation Chapter 10 John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College Cottleville, MO Characteristics of Unlike liquids and solids, gases Expand to fill their containers. Are highly compressible.
More informationChemistry 20 Unit 2 Gases FITB Notes. Topic A Characteristics of Gases
Chemistry 20 Unit 2 Gases FITB Notes General Outcome: Topic A Characteristics of Gases We use technologies that were designed with the knowledge of the visible characteristics ( ) of gases ex. SCUBA equipment,
More informationChapter 3. Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases Section 1: States of Matter Learning Objectives: Describe the characteristics of a solid Describe the characteristics of a liquid Describe the characteristics of a
More informationName /74. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Ch 11 Gases STUDY GUIDE Accelerated Chemistry SCANTRON Name /74 MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Which of the following statements
More informationThe University of Hong Kong Department of Physics Experimental Physics Laboratory
The University of Hong Kong Department of Physics Experimental Physics Laboratory PHYS2260 Heat and Waves 2260-1 LABORATORY MANUAL Experiment 1: Adiabatic Gas Law Part A. Ideal Gas Law Equipment Required:
More informationIntroductory Physics PHYS101
Introductory Physics PHYS101 Dr Richard H. Cyburt Office Hours Assistant Professor of Physics My office: 402c in the Science Building My phone: (304) 384-6006 My email: rcyburt@concord.edu TRF 9:30-11:00am
More informationUnit 2 Kinetic Theory, Heat, and Thermodynamics: 2.A.1 Problems Temperature and Heat Sections of your book.
Unit 2 Kinetic Theory, Heat, and Thermodynamics: 2.A.1 Problems Temperature and Heat Sections 10.1 10.2 of your book. Convert the following to Celsius and Kelvin temperatures: 1. 80.0 o F Early E. C.:
More informationPlease welcome for any correction or misprint in the entire manuscript and your valuable suggestions kindly mail us
Problems of Practices Of Basic and Applied Thermodynamics First Law of Thermodynamics Prepared By Brij Bhooshan Asst. Professor B. S. A. College of Engg. And Technology Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, (India)
More informationActivity 15 The First Law of the Thermodynamics F1003 Physics II ITESM Campus Aguascalientes January-May 2017 Dr. Juan-Manuel CAMPOS-SANDOVAL Name
Activity 15 The First Law of the Thermodynamics F1003 Physics II ITESM Campus Aguascalientes January-May 2017 Dr. Juan-Manuel CAMPOS-SANDOVAL Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best
More informationSection 3: Fluids. States of Matter Section 3. Preview Key Ideas Bellringer Pressure
Section 3: Fluids Preview Key Ideas Bellringer Pressure Buoyant Force Comparing Weight and Buoyant Force Pascal s Principle Math Skills Fluids in Motion Key Ideas How do fluids exert pressure? What force
More informationChapter 5: Gases 5.1 Pressure Why study gases? An understanding of real world phenomena. An understanding of how science works.
Chapter 5: Gases 5.1 Pressure Why study gases? An understanding of real world phenomena. An understanding of how science works. A Gas Uniformly fills any container. Easily compressed. Mixes completely
More informationCh 12 Homework. Name: Homework problems are from the Serway & Vuille 10 th edition. Follow the instructions and show your work clearly. 1.
Ch 12 Homework Name: Homework problems are from the Serway & Vuille 10 th edition. Follow the instructions and show your work clearly. 1. (Problem 1) An ideal gas is enclosed in a cylinder with a movable
More informationGases. Unit 10. How do gases behave?
Gases Unit 10 How do gases behave? Gases are perhaps the most mysterious of all of the phases of matter. For the most part gases are invisible to us, and it was once believed that in the air there is no
More informationStates of Matter. The Behavior of Gases
States of Matter The Behavior of Gases What do you think? Read the two statements below and decide whether you agree or disagree with them. Place an A in the Before column if you agree with the statement
More informationBASIC QUANTITIES OF GASES
BASIC QUANTITIES OF GASES PRESSURE (P): Definition: 1 atm = 101325 Pa = 1,01325 bar (1 bar = 10 5 Pa) 1 atm = cmhg = mmhg (Torr) Manometer: Barometer: VOLUME (V): - - - Unit: 1 NUMBER OF MOLES (n): Avogadro
More informationModeling air mass flow into a football and resulting pressure after cooling
Modeling air mass flow into a foot and resulting pressure after cooling Dr. Joseph S. Jewell www.joejewell.com 1 February 2015 Abstract: Realistic modeling of the rapid filling process for a foot, neglected
More informationChapter 3 Atmospheric Thermodynamics
Chapter 3 Atmospheric Thermodynamics Spring 2017 Partial Pressure and Dalton Dalton's law of partial pressure: total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases which do not interact chemically is equal to
More informationSection 5.1 Pressure. Why study gases? An understanding of real world phenomena. An understanding of how science works.
Chapter 5 Gases Section 5.1 Pressure Why study gases? An understanding of real world phenomena. An understanding of how science works. Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 2 Section 5.1 Pressure
More informationBackground information. normal force on a surface area of the surface
Experiment 5a Class: Name: ( ) Date: 5a Boyle s law Objective To investigate the relationship between the pressure and volume of a fixed mass of gas at a constant temperature. Background information Pressure
More informationChapter 13 Gases and Pressure. Pressure and Force. Pressure is the force per unit area on a surface. Force Area. Pressure =
Chapter 13 Gas Laws Chapter 13 Gases and Pressure Pressure and Force Pressure is the force per unit area on a surface. Pressure = Force Area Chapter 13 Gases and Pressure Gases in the Atmosphere The atmosphere
More informationCore practical 14: Investigate the relationship between the pressure and volume of a gas at fixed temperature
Core practical 14 Teacher sheet pressure To measure the volume of a gas at constant temperature but varying pressure Specification links Students should carry out this work with due attention to safety
More informationGas Laws For CHM1020
Gas Laws For CHM1020 PROPERTIES OF GASES 1. Variable shape and volume (same shape and volume as container) 2. Expand uniformly (as container increases in volume, gas expands and distributes uniformly in
More informationASSIGNMENT 2 CHE 3473
DUE: May 23 ASSIGNMENT 2 CHE 3473 #Problem 1: 3.3 #Problem 2: 3.4 #Problem 3: 3.5 #Problem 4: 3.6 #Problem 5: 3.7 #Problem 6: 3.8 #Problem 7: 3.11 #Problem 8: 3.15 #Problem 9: 3.22 #Problem 10: 3.32 #Problem
More informationProperties of Fluids SPH4C
Properties of Fluids SPH4C Fluids Liquids and gases are both fluids: a fluid is any substance that flows and takes the shape of its container. Fluids Liquids and gases are both fluids: a fluid is any substance
More informationASSIGNMENT 2 CHE 3473
DUE: May 21 ASSIGNMENT 2 CHE 3473 #Problem 1 Read Chapter 3. ALL OF IT. Time yourself and report the time. #Problem 2: 3.2 #Problem 3: 3.3 #Problem 4: 3.5 #Problem 5: 3.6 #Problem 6: 3.7 #Problem 7: 3.8
More informationName Chemistry Pre-AP
Name Chemistry Pre-AP Notes: Gas Laws and Gas Stoichiometry Period Part 1: The Nature of Gases and The Gas Laws I. Nature of Gases A. Kinetic-Molecular Theory The - theory was developed to account for
More informationStudent Exploration: Boyle s Law and Charles Law
Name: Date: Student Exploration: Boyle s Law and Charles Law Vocabulary: absolute zero, Boyle s law, Charles law, Gay-Lussac s law, Kelvin scale, pressure Prior Knowledge Question (Do this BEFORE using
More informationGases. Edward Wen, PhD
Gases Edward Wen, PhD Properties of Gases expand to completely fill their container take the shape of their container low density much less than solid or liquid state compressible when pressure is changed.
More informationPressure Sensor Experiment Guide
Pressure Sensor Experiment Guide Pressure Sensor Introduction: Part of the Eisco series of hand held sensors, the pressure sensor allows students to record and graph data in experiments on the go. This
More informationChapter 5. Pressure. Atmospheric Pressure. Gases. Force Pressure = Area
Chapter 5 Gases Water for many homes is supplied by a well The pump removes air from the pipe, decreasing the air pressure in the pipe The pressure then pushes the water up the pipe Pressure Atmospheric
More informationEnd of Chapter Exercises
End of Chapter Exercises Exercises 1 12 are conceptual questions that are designed to see if you have understood the main concepts of the chapter. 1. While on an airplane, you take a drink from your water
More informationReactor Networks. D. G. Goodwin Division of Engineering and Applied Science California Institute of Technology. Cantera Workshop July 25, 2004
Reactor Networks D. G. Goodwin Division of Engineering and Applied Science California Institute of Technology Cantera Workshop July 25, 2004 A Batch Reactor Continuously-Stirred Tank Reactors In a CSTR,
More informationGas Laws. Directions: Describe what contribution each of the Scientist below made to the Gas Laws and include there gas law equation.
Gas Laws Name Date Block Introduction One of the most amazing things about gases is that, despite wide differences in chemical properties, all the gases more or less obey the gas laws. The gas laws deal
More informationCHEMISTRY - CLUTCH CH.5 - GASES.
!! www.clutchprep.com CONCEPT: UNITS OF PRESSURE Pressure is defined as the force exerted per unit of surface area. Pressure = Force Area The SI unit for Pressure is the, which has the units of. The SI
More informationTo convert to millimeters of mercury, we derive a unit factor related to the equivalent relationship 29.9 in. Hg = 760 mm Hg.
Example Exercise 11.1 Gas Pressure Conversion Meteorologists state that a falling barometer indicates an approaching storm. Given a barometric pressure of 27.5 in. Hg, express the pressure in each of the
More informationS.A. Klein and G.F. Nellis Cambridge University Press, 2011
16-1 A flow nozzle is to be used to determine the mass flow rate of air through a 1.5 inch internal diameter pipe. The air in the line upstream of the meters is at 70 F and 95 psig. The barometric pressure
More information13.1!"#$#%"&'%()$*+%,+-.$+/*$#
343%%%%%%%%%5)"./$+%67%%%%%!"#$# 13.1!"#$#%"&'%()$*+%,+-.$+/*$#!"#$%&'($)*!"#$%&'($)+ If you want to understand how gases behave such as why fresh air rushes into your lungs when certain chest muscles
More informationName Unit 9 Notes: Gas Laws Period. Complete throughout unit. Due on test day!
Name Unit 9 Notes: Gas Laws Period Skills: 1. Gases and Entropy 2. Distinguish between Ideal and Real gases 3. Understand KMT and Avogadro s Law 4. Identify and Solve Boyle s Law Problems 5. Identify and
More informationWhat is Boyle s law and how can it be demonstrated?
Name: Relationship Between Gas Variables Gas Laws Simulation Introduction: Scientists in the late 1800 s noted relationships between various variables related to gases (pressure, volume, temperature),
More informationSimulator For Performance Prediction Of Reciprocating Compressor Considering Various Losses
Simulator For Performance Prediction Of Reciprocating Considering Various Losses Aditya S. Bawane 1, Dr. V.K. Bhojwani 2, Mitali B. Deshmukh 3 1 (Mechanical Engineering Department, JSCOE, S.P. Pune University,
More informationMoisture levels in compressed breathing air. Prepared by QinetiQ Limited for the Health and Safety Executive 2006 RESEARCH REPORT 427
Moisture levels in compressed breathing air Prepared by QinetiQ Limited for the Health and Safety Executive 2006 RESEARCH REPORT 427 Moisture levels in compressed breathing air T G Anthony & P R Clarke
More informationA. What are the three states of matter chemists work with?
Chapter 10 and 12 The Behavior of Gases Chapter 10 The States of Matter A. What are the three states of matter chemists work with? Section 10.1 Pg 267 B. We will explain the behavior of gases using the
More informationChapter 9 Gases: Their Properties and Behavior
Chapter 9 Gases: Their Properties and Behavior 國防醫學院生化學科王明芳老師 2011-11-15 & 2011-11-22 Chapter 9/1 Gases and Gas Pressure Gas mixtures are homogeneous and compressible. Air-the mixture of gases. Molecular
More informationUnit 8: Gases and States of Matter
Unit 8: Gases and States of Matter Gases Particles that have no definite shape or volume. They adapt to the shape and volume of their container. Ideal gases are imaginary gases that comply with all the
More informationA Resource for Free-standing Mathematics Units. Graph showing Pressure plotted against Volume for a sample of air in a Boyle s law experiment
Data An experiment to investigate Boyle s law is carried out with the apparatus shown in the diagram. The pressure and volume of the gas (air) trapped in the closed end can be varied by raising or lowering
More informationChapter 2: Pure Substances a) Phase Change, Property Tables and Diagrams
Chapter 2: Pure Substances a) Phase Change, Property Tables and Diagrams In this chapter we consider the property values and relationships of a pure substance (such as water) which can exist in three phases
More informationChemistry HP Unit 6 Gases. Learning Targets (Your exam at the end of Unit 6 will assess the following:) 6. Gases
Chemistry HP Unit 6 Gases Learning Targets (Your exam at the end of Unit 6 will assess the following:) 6. Gases 6-1. Define pressure using a mathematical equation. 6-2. Perform calculations involving pressure,
More informationChapter 11 The Behavior of Gases
Chapter 11 The Behavior of Gases 1 Section 11.1 The Properties of Gases Objectives: Explain why gases are easier to compress than solids or liquids are. Describe the three factors that affect gas pressure
More informationUnit 8: Kinetic Theory Homework Packet (90 points)
Name: Key Period: By the end of Unit 8, you should be able to: Kinetic Theory Chapter 13-14 4. Define kinetic theory of gases including collisions 5. Define pressure, including atmospheric pressure, vapor
More informationSection 8.1 Properties of Gases Goal: Describe the kinetic molecular theory of gases and the units of measurement used for gases.
Chapter 8 Gases Practice Problems Section 8.1 Properties of Gases Goal: Describe the kinetic molecular theory of gases and the units of measurement used for gases. Summary: In a gas, particles are so far
More informationChapter 10: Gases. Characteristics of Gases
Chapter 10: Gases Learning Outcomes: Calculate pressure and convert between pressure units with an emphasis on torr and atmospheres. Calculate P, V, n, or T using the ideal-gas equation. Explain how the
More informationLab 1. Adiabatic and reversible compression of a gas
Lab 1. Adiabatic and reversible compression of a gas Introduction The initial and final states of an adiabatic and reversible volume change of an ideal gas can be determined by the First Law of Thermodynamics
More informationPiecewise Functions. Updated: 05/15/10
Connecting Algebra 1 to Advanced Placement* Mathematics A Resource and Strategy Guide Updated: 05/15/ Objectives: Students will review linear functions and their properties and be introduced to piecewise
More informationUnit 10: Gas Laws. Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday. 10 Review for Cumulative Retest. 17 Chem Think Gas Laws Tutorial- Computer Lab-
Unit 10: Gas Laws Name: Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday February 8 Stoichiometry Test Review 9 Stoichiometry Test 10 Review for Cumulative Retest 11 Cumulative Re-Test 12 Pressure & Kinetic Theory
More information4.) There are no forces of attraction or repulsion between gas particles. This means that
KINETIC MOLECULAR (K-M) THEORY OF MATTER NOTES - based on the idea that particles of matter are always in motion - assumptions of the K-M Theory 1.) Gases consist of large numbers of tiny particles that
More informationChapter 10. Physical Characteristics of Gases
Chapter 10 Physical Characteristics of Gases Kinetic Molecular Theory An understanding of the behavior of atoms that make up matter Ideal gas: an imaginary gas that perfectly fits all assumptions of the
More informationChapter 13. Gases. Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 1
Chapter 13 Gases Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 1 Section 13.1 Pressure Why study gases? An understanding of real world phenomena. An understanding of how science works. Copyright Cengage
More informationEnd of Chapter Exercises
End of Chapter Exercises Exercises 1 12 are conceptual questions that are designed to see if you have understood the main concepts of the chapter. 1. While on an airplane, you take a drink from your water
More informationName: Class: Date: SHORT ANSWER Answer the following questions in the space provided.
CHAPTER 11 REVIEW Gases SECTION 1 SHORT ANSWER Answer the following questions in the space provided. 1. Pressure =. For a constant force, when the surface area is tripled the pressure is (a) doubled. (b)
More informationTime Pressure Dispensing
Time Pressure Dispensing by Doug Dixon, GDM Product Manager What is time pressure dispensing? Time pressure is a method of dispensing liquid materials (surface mount adhesives and gasketing materials)
More informationENGG. THERMODYNAMICS
ENGG. THERMODYNAMICS Unit-1 [8 hrs] Introduction To Thermodynamics: Basic concepts of Thermodynamics, Closed & Open Systems, Forms of energy, Properties of a system, State and Equilibrium, Processes and
More informationINDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROORKEE NPTEL NPTEL ONLINE CERTIFICATION COURSE. Refrigeration and Air-conditioning
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROORKEE NPTEL NPTEL ONLINE CERTIFICATION COURSE Refrigeration and Air-conditioning Lecture-07 Vapour Compression Cycle-1 with Prof. Ravi Kumar Department of Mechanical and
More informationThe Application of Temperature and/or Pressure Correction Factors in Gas Measurement
The Application of Temperature and/or Pressure Correction Factors in Gas Measurement COMBINED BOYLE S CHARLES GAS LAWS To convert measured volume at metered pressure and temperature to selling volume at
More informationInternal Energy and Work
Science Objectives Students will observe how the relationship between a change in volume and the work that is done. Students will relate this information to a graph with a slope equal to the pressure of
More informationProblem Solving. Gas Laws
Skills Worksheet Problem Solving Gas Laws Chemists found that there were relationships among temperature, volume, pressure, and quantity of a gas that could be described mathematically. This chapter deals
More informationCompressors. Basic Classification and design overview
Compressors Basic Classification and design overview What are compressors? Compressors are mechanical devices that compresses gases. It is widely used in industries and has various applications How they
More informationPractice Packet Unit 8: Gases
Regents Chemistry: Mr. Palermo Practice Packet Unit 8: Gases Vocabulary: Lesson 1: Lesson 2: Lesson 3: Study Guide: 1 Vocabulary For each word, provide a short but specific definition from YOUR OWN BRAIN!
More informationCHEM 3351 Physical Chemistry I, Fall 2017
CHEM 3351 Physical Chemistry I, Fall 2017 Problem set 1 Due 9/15/2017 (Friday) 1. An automobile tire was inflated to a pressure of 24 lb in -2 (1.00 atm = 14.7 lb in -2 ) on a winter s day when the temperature
More informationPressure of the atmosphere varies with elevation and weather conditions. Barometer- device used to measure atmospheric pressure.
Chapter 12 Section 1 Pressure A gas exerts pressure on its surroundings. Blow up a balloon. The gas we are most familiar with is the atmosphere, a mixture of mostly elemental nitrogen and oxygen. Pressure
More informationBoyle s Law: Pressure-Volume Relationship in Gases
Boyle s Law: Pressure-Volume Relationship in Gases The primary objective of this experiment is to determine the relationship between the pressure and volume of a confined gas. The gas we will use is air,
More informationFundamentals of Turboexpanders Basic Theory and Design
Fundamentals of Turboexpanders Basic Theory and Design Edited Date: September 16, 2015 Presented By: Mr. James Simms Simms Machinery International, Inc. 2357 A Street Santa Maria, CA 93455 U.S.A. About
More informationProcedure 1: Volume vs. Pressure 1.) Using the lap tops, go to the Physics Education Technology from the University of Colorado at:
Deriving the Gas Laws Background The gaseous state of matter consists of particles (gas molecules like oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide) which, according to the kinetic theory of gases, are in constant
More informationGases and Pressure. Main Ideas
Gases and Pressure Key Terms pressure millimeters of mercury partial pressure newton atmosphere of pressure Dalton s law of partial pressures barometer pascal In the chapter States of Matter, you read
More informationKINETIC THEORY OF GASES
CHAPTER 18 GASES KINETIC THEORY OF GASES A given amt. of gas will occupy the entire volume of its container. Changes in temp. have a greater effect on the vol. of a gas than on a liquid or solid KINETIC
More informationChemistry Chapter 12. Characteristics of Gases. Characteristics of Gases 1/31/2012. Gases and Liquids
Importance of Gases Chemistry Chapter 12 Gases and Liquids Airbags fill with N 2 gas in an accident. Gas is generated by the decomposition of sodium azide, NaN 3. 2 NaN 3 ---> 2 Na + 3 N 2 THREE STATES
More information2. Pressure Conversions (Add to your Conversion Sheet
The Gas Law Reference Sheet 1. The Kelvin Temperature Scale Degrees Kelvin = C + 273 Convert to K 1) 27 C 2) 0. C 3) 48 C 4) 16 C 5) 106 C 2. Pressure Conversions (Add to your Conversion Sheet 1 mm Hg
More informationCHAPTER 11: THE GASEOUS STATE
CHAPTER 11: THE GASEOUS STATE DO Problems: 1-2, 3b, 4a, 5a, 6b, 7, 8a, 9-14, 17-20, 23-26, 29-42 11.1 Properties of Gases 1. Gases have indefinite shape take the shape of its container 2. Gases can expand
More informationThe ideal gas law and a bit of thermodynamics
The ideal gas law and a bit of thermodynamics The stuff that is inside the cylinder of an internal combustion engine is a gas. That is to say, it is not a liquid or a solid. During certain periods of a
More information1. What function relating the variables best describes this situation? 3. How high was the balloon 5 minutes before it was sighted?
Hot-Air Balloon At the West Texas Balloon Festival, a hot-air balloon is sighted at an altitude of 800 feet and appears to be descending at a steady rate of 20 feet per minute. Spectators are wondering
More information