Bloodpressure measurement, improvement of oscillometric method.
|
|
- Allyson Carson
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Bloodpressure measurement, improvement of oscillometric method. Øystein Stene, Lars Jørgen Kristoffersen, Waldemar Sulkowski Høgskolen i Narvik, Sivilingeniørutdanningen, postboks 385, N-8501 Narvik Norway, Tlf , Fax , wald@gaupe.hin.no ABSTRACT Article describes practical problems and solutions regarding bloodpressure measurements with the oscillometric method. This improved measurement method make use of a additional finger pulse sensor to determine puls frequency in advance of the measurement. Increased precision in the detection of the bloodpressure levels and better comfort for the patient are achieved. Unwanted pressure fluctations are suppressed by regulation of the cuff pressure (advanced identification of the cuff characteristic is applied) and further by individually tuned FIR filter. This allows for automatic measuring of bloodpressure even if the pulse amplitude is weak. Simulations and practical testresults are included. When the pressure in the cuff falls and reaches the systolic (upper) bloodpressure, small pressure variations appear in the cuff as the blood pulses through the partially occluded vein (figure 1). These pressure oscillations increase in amplitude with maximum at the mean value of the bloodpressure level(figure 2). The diastolic (lower) pressure is found in three different ways: 1) calculated from the systolicand mean pressure with some uncertainity [Ref.1], 2) by correlation to a certain level of the pressure envelope or 3) by correlation to a certain slope of the pressure envelope [ref. 3]. There is no definite answer to the question which method to use and how to use it, but the oscillometric principle is applied in a large number of commercial automatic bloodpressure meters. 1. THE OSCILLOMETRIC METHOD 1.1 Basic principle The oscillometric method is an indirect way of measuring the blood pressure. That means the bloodpressure is not measured in the vain, but by sensing the airpressure in a pressurized cuff usually wrapped around the upper arm. Figure 2. Pressure oscillation caused by the pulse during cuff deflation. 1.2 Problems experienced by users. Commercial available apparatus have revealed some problems: Figure 1. Cuff pressure and finger pulse after A/Dconversion (pulse is not related to mmhg). 1. Ending or repeating the measuring sequence without results. Probably because of noise, weak pulsation or insufficient cuff pressure.
2 2. Incorrect results. Probably causes: too fast deflation of the cuff, the persons condition is near the limit of the spesification for the equipment, noise. 3. The measuring sequence uses longer time than the manual measurement method. This is a general problem of automatic blood pressure meters (and unpleasant for the patient also). It gets worse if the initial inflation is insufficient, because measuring sequence must repeat. Naturally, if the inflation pressure is far higher than the systolic pressure, the measuring time gets longer. 2. WAYS OF IMPROVEMENT 2.1 Introduction To make the measurement adaptiv to individual conditions, the information from the finger pulseprobe before the measurement sequence (deflation) is used. The benefits are as follows: 1. The cuff is inflated to a suitable individual level above the systolic pressure. 2. The rate of cuff deflation can be adjusted to get the desired precision without prolonging the measuring sequence unnecessary. 3. The pressure oscillations in the cuff can be individually filtered for better rejection of noise and disturbances from arm movements and breath. 4. The bandwidth of the pressure regulator can be set to supress pressure fluctations up to the individual pulsefrequency. This is possible because the cuff characteristic is identified during inflation. 2.2 Pneumatic adaptation When the cuff is inflated to a pressure above the systolic, the finger pulse disappear because the vain is occluded. This indicate the value of the systolic pressure. By permitting the pump to increase the cuff pressure somewhat more, the initial values of the pressure envelope are included (figure 2). Setting the maximum cuff pressure in this way, avoids repeating of the measuring cycle and prolonged measuring time. 2.3 Cuff pressure regulation If the cuff pressure decrease too rapid during the measuring phase, only a few oscillations occur and the envelope gets coarse. This means less precise detection of the bloodpressure. On the other hand, if the pressure decrease too slowly, the measuring time increase together with the discomfort. The solution is to have a constant number of pulsebeat in the measuring phase by setting the deflation slope based on the pulse frequency. This results in short measuring time for persons with high pulse, and long measuring time when it is necessary by low pulse. Because the pulse frequency is known in advance from the finger probe, the deflation rate can be set correct from the beginning of the measurement. The regulation of the pressure involves an unknown component, the cuff. Because various cuffsizes are used, arms are different and tightness of the cuff when attached varies, the cuff characteristic changes from one measurement to another. Figure 3 shows the relationship between pressure and volume for some sizes. Figure 3. Cuff pressure as a function of volume. In the feedback loop for the pressure, flow is the input and pressure is the output for the cuff. Flow is the derivative of the volume with respect to time. Because the aim is linear decreasing pressure, the pressure axis can be considered as a time axis. The slope of the curves then shows that the flow out of the cuff must increase as the pressure decrease. Further that the gain of cuffs are different. The gain of the feedback loop must be set correct to avoid false oscillations and damping of the true oscillations from the pulse, and can occur if the bandwidth of the feedback loop is extended into the pulse frequency range. To find the optimum gain for the loop, the pressure during inflation of the cuff is recorded. Afterwards the cuff characteristic is identified and the gain for the feedback loop is calculated. This technique is able to supress unwanted pressure fluctations up to the pulse frequency but assumes that the specifications for the pump and valve are known. During deflation, cuff pressure is used as a parameter for regulator gain correction (see figure 7).
3 2.4 FIR filtering Digital filtering has been chosen because of : collectiv tuning by altering the sampling frequency, easy characteristic modification by altering coefficients, no phase distortion occur. Because the sampling frequency is in the range 5-60 Hz, no expensive hardware is required in implementation. The FIR filters are used to remove trends, baseline disturbances, overharmonics and noise to get clean pressure- and pulse signals for further analyses. To detect the period and amplitude correctly, the mean value of the signal should be close to zero. This demands for high rejection ratio for the frequency response of the filters towards zero (DC). Using standard FIR filter coefficient calculation ( i.e. fir1 in Matlab with Hamming window method) gives very long filter length for good rejection of lower frequency (N=250, H =-57dB). Because the mean value of the filter coefficients differs slightly from zero, the frequency response flattens at a finite level. To cancel DC components, coefficients adjustment is necesarry. This can be done by subtracting the mean value of all the coefficients from every coefficient. - The pressure range is mmhg. - Normal cuff pressure amplitude is 2 mmhg p-p. - A weak pulse is assumed to be 10% of normal amplitude. - Minimum resolution is 10 steps. Then there is 0.02 mmhg/step, and required A/D converter resolution is log 2 (300/0.02)=13,9. If an analog HP filter with gain is used, and the AC and DC component of the pressure is sampled separately, the resolution can be reduced. 3. RESULTS 3.1 Introduction Parts of the improvements have been tested off line in Matlab with a oscillometric tester as reference. The pressure regulation have been simulated in Simulink, tested and implemented on a Siemens SAB80C167 microcontroller which was intended to run all bloodpressure measurement and control algorithm (shown in figure 6) communicating with a 16 bits A/D and pneumatic system. A plot of the pressure regulated by the controller is shown in figure 5. Figure 4. FIR BP-filter before and after adjustment of coefficients. Thereby the mean value of the coefficients gets zero. After applying this modification, filter lengths between 20 and 40 are usefull. The difference is obvious in figure 4. The price for this modification, is some ripple in the passband (0.4dB) and less rejection in the higher stopband (10 db worse). 2.5 Resolution requirements. The use of pure digital filtration of the pressure signal make it necessary with a 14 bits A/D converter according to the following consideration: Figure 5. Cuff pressure regulation. 3.2 Measured results on oscillometric tester. 29 tests were run on a Metron QA1280 oscillometric tester which generate artificial oscillations. Mean deviation Outside ±3mmHg Sys mmhg 5 Mean Dia Bloodpressure with cuffpressure oscillations as low as 5% of normal amplitude, was measured.
4 Figure 6. Overview of the hardware Pressure regulator simulation. The Simulink model for the pressure regulator is shown in figure 7, and the results from simulation in figure 8 and 9. In both cases, a pressure pulse is applied in the cuff to test the step response. In figure 7, a 0.2 Hz sinus is included to simulate arm movement etc. The feedback loop reject it. In figure 8, a 1 Hz sinus is included to simulate the pulse at 60 bpm and it is not rejected. Figure 7. Simulink model for simulation of the pressure regulation.
5 Figure 8. Simulation of the pressure regulation with 0.2Hz disturbance. 4. CONCLUSION Benefits by using a additional pulse probe in connection with the oscillometric method are: The maximum pressure in the cuff is related to the actual bloodpressure level to minimize measuring time and discomfort.. A certain number of pulsebeats are included in the measurement, independent of the pulse frequency, to make sure that sufficient data are availiable for detection of the bloodpressure. By using extensive signal processing for identification of the nonlinear cuff characteristic, the pressure regulation adapts to different cuffs (pressure regulator gain correction) and pulse frequency. The ramp pressure reference simplifies trend elemination. The bloodpressure is individually filtered to increase the rejection of noise and disturbances. 5. REFERENCES 1. Jensen Ø., Grimnes S. (1987). Elektromedisinsk Utstyr, chap Ifeachor E.C., Jervis B.W. (1993). Digital Signal Processing, chap Metron a/s: Users manual QA1280, oscillometric bloodpressure monitor tester. Figure 9. Simulation of the pressure regulation with 1Hz disturbance.
BLOOD PRESSURE SENSOR BT17i USER S GUIDE
BLOOD PRESSURE SENSOR BT17i USER S GUIDE CENTRE FOR MICROCOMPUTER APPLICATIONS http://www.cma-science.nl Short description The Blood Pressure sensor BT17i allows measuring arterial blood pressure. The
More informationLinear Infl ation Technology Non-invasive Blood Pressure Measurement. inibp Case Report Experiences in OR
Linear Infl ation Technology Non-invasive Blood Pressure inibp Case Report Experiences in OR C ONTENTS Introduction 2 Technological Description of inibp inibp advantages 2 inibp technology adapts to each
More informationSTICTION: THE HIDDEN MENACE
STICTION: THE HIDDEN MENACE How to Recognize This Most Difficult Cause of Loop Cycling By Michel Ruel Reprinted with permission from Control Magazine, November 2000. (Most figures courtesy of ExperTune
More informationBLOOD PRESSURE SENSOR 0377i
BLOOD PRESSURE SENSOR 0377i USER S GUIDE CENTRE FOR MICROCOMPUTER APPLICATIONS http://www.cma-science.nl Short description The Blood Pressure sensor 0377i is used to measure arterial blood pressure in
More informationAnalog Front End Design of a Digital Blood Pressure Meter
Analog Front End Design of a Digital Blood Pressure Meter Santosh Kulkarni Dr.Veena. S. Chakravarthy Vishweshwara Mundkur Dept. of ECE, Professor, Dept. of ECE, Director, BNM Institute of Technology, BNM
More informationInstruction Manual. Auto Inflate Blood Pressure Monitor
TM Auto Inflate Blood Pressure Monitor Instruction Manual Features: Fuzzy Logic Technology Auto memory for up to 90 readings One-Touch Operation Easy-to-read Display Date and Time indications AC Adapter
More informationINSTRUCTION MANUAL. Automatic Blood Pressure Monitor with Fit Cuff. =Fit Cuff=!"#$% IA1B. Model
IA1B INSTRUCTION MANUAL Automatic Blood Pressure Monitor with Fit Cuff =Fit Cuff=!"#$% Model IA1B Contents Introduction... 2 Notes on Safety... 3 Know Your Unit... 5 Quick Reference Guide... 7 Initial
More informationModel AUTOMATIC UPPER ARM Blood Pressure Monitor
AUTOMATIC UPPER ARM Blood Pressure Monitor Model 1130 Real Fuzzy t e c h n o log y Features: Real Fuzzy Technology Automatic 60 sets of memory One-Touch Operation Easy-to-read Display Table of Contents:
More informationINSTRUCTION MANUAL MANUAL INFLATION BLOOD PRESSURE MONITOR
INSTRUCTION MANUAL MANUAL INFLATION BLOOD PRESSURE MONITOR Model HEM-412C TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 3 Know Your Unit 4 Quick Reference Guide 5 Battery Installation/Replacement 6 How To Apply The Arm
More informationFail Operational Controls for an Independent Metering Valve
Group 14 - System Intergration and Safety Paper 14-3 465 Fail Operational Controls for an Independent Metering Valve Michael Rannow Eaton Corporation, 7945 Wallace Rd., Eden Prairie, MN, 55347, email:
More informationNoninvasive Blood Pressure Measurement. D. J. McMahon rev cewood
Noninvasive Blood Pressure Measurement D. J. McMahon 141018 rev cewood 2017-10-23 Key Points Noninvasive Blood Pressure Measurement: - ways to measure pressure, direct mechanical measurement: Bourdon Tube
More informationCharacterizers for control loops
Characterizers for control loops By: F. G. Shinskey (May 1999) Introduction Commercial controllers such as the PID series (proportional, integral, derivative, and their combinations) are linear devices
More informationDevice Equivalence Evaluation Form
Device Equivalence Evaluation Form Comparison of the SEJOY BP-1209 with the SEJOY BP-1307 Devices Item 9 SEJOY BP-1209 SEJOY BP-1307 Pictures Display Image Validation ESH 2010 Category Upper arm blood
More information2600T Series Pressure Transmitters Plugged Impulse Line Detection Diagnostic. Pressure Measurement Engineered solutions for all applications
Application Description AG/266PILD-EN Rev. C 2600T Series Pressure Transmitters Plugged Impulse Line Detection Diagnostic Pressure Measurement Engineered solutions for all applications Increase plant productivity
More informationREF CH-602B IDENTIFICATION OF PARTS
English TM INSTRUCTION MANUAL FOR DIGITAL BLOOD PRESSURE MONITOR REF CH-602B IDENTIFICATION OF PARTS Systolic blood pressure display section Battery cover Diastolic blood pressure / Pulse display section
More informationMouse and Rat Tail Cuff Blood Pressure Systems from 1-24 Animals. Mouse rat tail cuff blood pressure system components
Mouse and Rat Tail Cuff Blood Pressure Systems from 1-24 Animals Mouse rat tail cuff blood pressure system components Tail Cuff Method Sensors Rodent Restrainers Software Chart Recorder Amplifier with
More informationApplication Block Library Fan Control Optimization
Application Block Library Fan Control Optimization About This Document This document gives general description and guidelines for wide range fan operation optimisation. Optimisation of the fan operation
More informationCONTENTS SPECIFICATIONS GENERAL INFORMATION RECOMMENDED USE OPERATING PRINCIPLE TIPS ON TAKING YOUR BLOOD PRESSURE 3-4 BATTERY INSTALLATION
IFU SBPMON107 CONTENTS SPECIFICATIONS GENERAL INFORMATION RECOMMENDED USE OPERATING PRINCIPLE TIPS ON TAKING YOUR BLOOD PRESSURE BATTERY INSTALLATION CORRECT POSITION FOR MEASUREMENT POSITIONING THE CUFF
More informationIdentification of the dynamic component of the finger arterial pressure-volume relationship
Modelling in Medicine and Biology VI 153 Identification of the dynamic component of the finger arterial pressure-volume relationship J. Talts, R. Raamat & K. Jagomägi Department of Physiology, University
More informationFail operational controls for an independent metering valve
Failure mode and CMA valves Fail operational controls for an independent metering valve By: Michael Rannow email: michaelrannow@eaton.com Eaton Corporation, 7945 Wallace Rd. Eden Prairie, MN, 55347 As
More informationNIBP OEM Module. (Model : M_NIBP) Contents. 1. Concept 2. Composition 3. PCB Dimension 4. Specification 5. Protocol 6. Cuff & Electrical Connection
1 NIBP OEM Module (Model : M_NIBP) Contents 1. Concept 2. Composition 3. PCB Dimension 4. Specification 5. Protocol 6. Cuff & Electrical Connection 2 1. Concept Rev V1.00 Oscillometry : The oscillometric
More informationHardware Triaxial and Consolidation Testing Systems Pressure Measurement and Control
25 GDS Helpsheet Hardware Triaxial and Consolidation Testing Systems Pressure Measurement and Control World Leaders in Computer Controlled Testing Systems for Geotechnical Engineers and Geologists 1. Digital
More informationA CO 2 Waveform Simulator For Evaluation and Testing of Respiratory Gas Analyzers
2011 ROCKY MOUNTAIN NASA SPACE GRANT CONSORTIUM 1 A CO 2 Waveform Simulator For Evaluation and Testing of Respiratory Gas Analyzers Christina Long, and Joseph Orr, Ph.D. Department of Bioengineering, University
More informationApplication Note AN-107
SPEC Sensor TM Characterization & Calibration Considerations Scope This document is provided to describe the considerations needed to characterize, calibrate, verify and validate the measurement performance
More informationSection 2: Using the Invasive Blood Pressure Module - An Introduction
Section 2: Using the Invasive Blood Pressure Module - An Introduction IBP Module - General The Invasive Blood Pressure module is a dual function module that can monitor pulsatile pressure waves such as
More informationControlling the prefeeder
Controlling the prefeeder A prefeeder is a modulating device of some kind, controlling the material flow into the belt feeder infeed. You need it for three reasons: 1. The material can not be sheared at
More informationSemi-Automatic Blood Pressure Monitor with Memory
INSTRUCTION MANUAL Semi-Automatic Blood Pressure Monitor with Memory 61-268-001 (Adult size cuff) Please read this instruction manual completely before operating this unit. English Spanish Limited Five
More informationLQG Based Robust Tracking Control of Blood Gases during Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
2011 American Control Conference on O'Farrell Street, San Francisco, CA, USA June 29 - July 01, 2011 LQG Based Robust Tracking Control of Blood Gases during Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation David J.
More informationIntroduction. Table of Contents. Automatic Wrist Blood Pressure Monitor With Voice-Guided Operation. Model No.: BP5K
Automatic Wrist Blood Monitor With Voice-Guided Operation Ozeri Customer Service Customer service: 1-877-299-1296 or Email: support@ozeri.com Model No.: BP5K Thank you for choosing an Ozeri Blood Monitor.
More informationECL Comfort 110, application 131 (valid as of software version 2.00)
Operating Guide ECL Comfort 110, application 131 (valid as of software version 2.00) English version www.danfoss.com How to navigate? Adjust temperatures and values. Switch between menu lines. Select /
More informationMitos Fluika Pressure and Vacuum Pumps Datasheet
Unit 1, Anglian Business Park, Orchard Road, Royston, Hertfordshire, SG8 5TW, UK T: +44 (0)1763 242491 F: +44 (0)1763 246125 E: sales@dolomite-microfluidics.com W: www.dolomite-microfluidics.com Dolomite
More informationAuto Arm Blood Pressure Monitor
Now you know ys Auto Arm Blood Pressure Monitor Featuring: One-touch operation 85 memories Instruction Manual Table of Contents Important information................... 3 Fuzzy Logic technology.................
More informationProject Title: Pneumatic Exercise Machine
EEL 4924 Electrical Engineering Design (Senior Design) Preliminary Design Report 27 January 2011 Project Title: Pneumatic Exercise Machine Team Members: Name: Gino Tozzi Name: Seok Hyun (John) Yun Email:
More informationREF CH-302B IDENTIFICATION OF PARTS
English TM INSTRUCTION MANUAL FOR DIGITAL BLOOD PRESSURE MONITOR REF CH-302B IDENTIFICATION OF PARTS Exhaust button Air-release system Bulb Systolic blood pressure display section Diastolic blood pressure/pulse
More informationInternational Research Journal of Electronics and Computer Engineering Vol 1(3) Oct-Dec 2015
The PLC Based Design for the Air Compressor Control Process Miss Zahra Haghparas Electrical and electronic engineering Shiraz university of technology Shiraz, Iran f.haghparas@yahoo.com Ebrahim Abiri Associate
More informationLABORATORY EXERCISE 1 CONTROL VALVE CHARACTERISTICS
Date: Name: LABORATORY EXERCISE 1 CONTROL VALVE CHARACTERISTICS OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the relation between valve stem position and the fluid flow through a control valve, for both linear and equal
More informationplethysmographic methods that when the subject was pinched on the upper
24 J. Physiol. (I95I) II2, 24-2I 6I2.I5.6II.976 THE DECREASE IN HAND BLOOD FLOW FOLLOWING INFLATION OF AN ARTERIAL OCCLUSION CUFF ON THE OPPOSITE ARM BY IAN C. RODDIE From the Department of Physiology,
More informationMANUAL BLOOD PRESSURE MONITOR BPM 168B Contents Blood Pressure Monitor Intended Use What is blood pressure?
MANUAL BLOOD PRESSURE MONITOR BPM 168B Contents 01... Blood Pressure Monitor Intended Use 02... 1. What is blood pressure? 02... 2. Why is it useful measure blood pressure at home?... A. WHO blood pressure
More informationUsing an Adaptive Thresholding Algorithm to Detect CA1 Hippocampal Sharp Wave Ripples. Jay Patel. Michigan State University
Using an Adaptive Thresholding Algorithm to Detect CA1 Hippocampal Sharp Wave Ripples Jay Patel Michigan State University Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles 2013
More informationISO INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10770-3 First edition 2007-10-15 Hydraulic fluid power Electrically modulated hydraulic control valves Part 3: Test methods for pressure control valves Transmissions hydrauliques
More informationLucid System In-Service Training
Lucid System In-Service Training DC-00172 Indications for Use The Lucid M1 System is a medical ultrasound system intended for use as an adjunct to the standard clinical practices for measuring and displaying
More information6 Common Hydrodynamic Testing Mistakes
6 Common Hydrodynamic Testing Mistakes Joe McMahen Many common mistakes made during hydrodynamic testing are easily avoided. Below are 6 Hydrodynamic Testing mistakes we see regularly along with guidance
More informationTorrild - WindSIM Case study
Torrild - WindSIM Case study Note: This study differs from the other case studies in format, while here another model; WindSIM is tested as alternative to the WAsP model. Therefore this case should be
More informationApplying Hooke s Law to Multiple Bungee Cords. Introduction
Applying Hooke s Law to Multiple Bungee Cords Introduction Hooke s Law declares that the force exerted on a spring is proportional to the amount of stretch or compression on the spring, is always directed
More informationDigital Level Control One and Two Loops Proportional and Integral Control Single-Loop and Cascade Control
Digital Level Control One and Two Loops Proportional and Integral Control Single-Loop and Cascade Control Introduction This experiment offers a look into the broad field of process control. This area of
More informationThe benefits of the extended diagnostics feature. Compact, well-proven, and flexible
ABB MEASUREMENT & ANALYTICS TECHNICAL INFORMATION PositionMaster EDP300 Extended Diagnostics Compact, well-proven, and flexible The benefits of the extended diagnostics feature The PositionMaster EDP300
More informationICS Supersedes EN :1997. English Version
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM EN 1060-3:1997+A2 November 2009 ICS 11.040.55 Supersedes EN 1060-3:1997 English Version Non-invasive sphygmomanometers - Part 3: Supplementary requirements
More informationDigital Blood Pressure Monitor. Model UA-787
Digital Blood Pressure Monitor Model UA-787 Instruction Manual Manuel d instructions Manual de Instrucciones Manuale di Istruzioni UA-787EX-C WM:PD4000287 Preliminary Remarks This device conforms to the
More informationCHEMICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY CHEG 239W. Control of a Steam-Heated Mixing Tank with a Pneumatic Process Controller
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY CHEG 239W Control of a Steam-Heated Mixing Tank with a Pneumatic Process Controller Objective The experiment involves tuning a commercial process controller for temperature
More informationAn investigation of kinematic and kinetic variables for the description of prosthetic gait using the ENOCH system
An investigation of kinematic and kinetic variables for the description of prosthetic gait using the ENOCH system K. OBERG and H. LANSHAMMAR* Amputee Training and Research Unit, University Hospital, Fack,
More information29th Monitoring Research Review: Ground-Based Nuclear Explosion Monitoring Technologies
IMPROVED CALIBRATION AND OPERATION OF A STABLE-GAS QUANTIFICATION MANIFOLD AS PART OF A RADIOXENON COLLECTION SYSTEM ABSTRACT Richard M. Williams, James C. Hayes, and Randy R. Kirkham Pacific Northwest
More informationDeclaration of Equivalence Form
Declaration of Equivalence Form DECLARATION OF BLOOD PRESSURE MEASURING DEVICE EQUIVALENCE 2013 SECTION A - Please complete all items. A SIGNED COPY WILL BE POSTED ON THE www.dableducational.org WEBSITE
More informationLab 4: Root Locus Based Control Design
Lab 4: Root Locus Based Control Design References: Franklin, Powell and Emami-Naeini. Feedback Control of Dynamic Systems, 3 rd ed. Addison-Wesley, Massachusetts: 1994. Ogata, Katsuhiko. Modern Control
More informationDigital Blood Pressure Monitor for the Upper Arm INSTRUCTION MANUAL
Digital Blood Pressure Monitor for the Upper Arm INSTRUCTION MANUAL GT-6630 Contents Information You Should Know Before Operating the Unit... 25 About the Unit... 28 Function Descriptions... 28 Explanation
More informationMEDICARE 60. Semi-automatic upper arm blood pressure monitor. Instruction manual
MEDICARE 60 Semi-automatic upper arm blood pressure monitor Instruction manual closing date: april 2002 by ibp innovative business promotion gmbh, Germany table of contents 1 introduction... 2 2 preliminary
More informationCover Page for Lab Report Group Portion. Pump Performance
Cover Page for Lab Report Group Portion Pump Performance Prepared by Professor J. M. Cimbala, Penn State University Latest revision: 02 March 2012 Name 1: Name 2: Name 3: [Name 4: ] Date: Section number:
More informationNATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE. EE3302/EE3302E Industrial Control Systems E1: ADVANCED CONTROL SYSTEMS
NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE EE3302/EE3302E Industrial Control Systems E1:. OBJECTIVES: Before embarking on this hands-on session, you should have been introduced to the concepts of cascade and feedforward
More informationTESTING OF BELIMO PRESSURE INDEPENDENT CHARACTERIZED CONTROL VALVES
TESTING OF BELIMO PRESSURE INDEPENDENT CHARACTERIZED CONTROL VALVES November, 25 Submitted by: Iowa Energy Center Address: DMACC, 26 S. Ankeny Blvd. Ankeny, IA 521 Phone: 515.965.755 Fax: 515.965.756 Web
More informationAN31E Application Note
Balancing Theory Aim of balancing How an unbalance evolves An unbalance exists when the principle mass axis of a rotating body, the so-called axis of inertia, does not coincide with the rotational axis.
More informationProcess Control Loops
In this section, you will learn about how control components and control algorithms are integrated to create a process control system. Because in some processes many variables must be controlled, and each
More informationTR Electronic Pressure Regulator. User s Manual
TR Electronic Pressure Regulator Page 2 of 13 Table of Contents Warnings, Cautions & Notices... 3 Factory Default Setting... 4 Quick Start Procedure... 5 Configuration Tab... 8 Setup Tab... 9 Internal
More informationAN ISOLATED SMALL WIND TURBINE EMULATOR
AN ISOLATED SMALL WIND TURBINE EMULATOR Md. Arifujjaman Graduate Student Seminar: Master of Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John s, NL, Canada
More informationINSTRUCTION MANUAL MANUAL INFLATION BLOOD PRESSURE MONITOR
TM TM INSTRUCTION MANUAL MANUAL INFLATION BLOOD PRESSURE MONITOR Model HEM-412CREL TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 3 Important Safety Notes 4 Know Your Unit 5 Quick Reference Guide 6 A Few Words About Blood
More informationPHY100 s Lab: The Relationship Between Liquid Pressure and Depth as it applies to Blood Pressure. Course & Sec:
PHY100 s Lab: The Relationship Between Liquid Pressure and Depth as it applies to Blood Pressure Name: Lab Partner: Course & Sec: Date: Disclaimer: The procedures in this lab are not according to proper
More informationVENTIlogic LS VENTIlogic plus. 100 % Mobility and Reliability in IV and NIV
VENTIlogic LS VENTIlogic plus 100 % Mobility and Reliability in IV and NIV VENTIlogic VENTIlog LS Your Requirements for Reliability and Mobility are Our Benchmark. VENTIlogic LS and VENTIlogic plus are
More informationHydro-Control V User Guide
Hydro-Control V User Guide Hydronix Part no: HD0193 Version 2.3.0 Revision date: July 2006 1 COPYRIGHT Neither the whole or any part of the information contained in nor the product described in this documentation
More informationModule No GETTING ACQUAINTED GENERAL GUIDE TIMEKEEPING
Module No. 2196 2196-1 GETTING ACQUAINTED Congratulations upon your selection of this CASIO Pressure Monitor Watch (BP-1B, Module No. 2196). To get the most out of your purchase, be sure to carefully read
More informationUNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO
UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO Department of Chemical Engineering ChE 524 Process Control Laboratory Instruction Manual January, 2001 Revised: May, 2009 1 Experiment # 2 - Double Pipe Heat Exchanger Experimental
More informationIndustrial Compressor Controls Standard Custom
Technical Seminars 2012 Industrial Compressor Controls Standard Custom CONTROLLING the power of ENERGY 1 TM 2 Woodward Compressor Controls Small Steam Turbine Driven Compressors (ITCC) 3 Simple Compressor
More informationConstant pressure air charging cascade control system based on fuzzy PID controller. Jun Zhao & Zheng Zhang
International Conference on Applied Science and Engineering Innovation (ASEI 2015) Constant pressure air charging cascade control system based on fuzzy PID controller Jun Zhao & Zheng Zhang College of
More informationExercise 1: Control Functions
Exercise 1: Control Functions EXERCISE OBJECTIVE When you have completed this exercise, you will be able to control the function of an asynchronous ripple counter. You will verify your results by operating
More informationLab 12 Standing Waves
b Lab 12 Standing Waves What You Need To Know: Types of Waves The study of waves is a major part of physics. There are quite a few types of waves that can be studied. Depending on who you have for lecture
More informationOptimizing Compressed Air Storage for Energy Efficiency
University of Dayton ecommons Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Publications Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering 4-2011 Optimizing Compressed Air Storage for Energy Efficiency
More informationDeclaration of Equivalence Form
Declaration of Equivalence Form DECLARATION OF BLOOD PRESSURE MEASURING DEVICE EQUIVALENCE 2013 SECTION A - Please complete all items. A SIGNED COPY WILL BE POSTED ON THE www.dableducational.org WEBSITE
More informationTechnical Data Sheet MF010-O-LC
Technical Data Sheet MF010-O-LC - 1 - 1. Properties The oxygen measuring system MF010-O-LC determines the oxygen content in gas mixtures up to a temperature of 250 C. It is particularly suitable for the
More informationCirculation and Respiration: Vital Signs Student Version
Circulation and Respiration: Vital Signs Student Version In this lab, you will learn about the circulatory and respiratory systems. You will test the capacity of your lungs, measure your blood pressure
More informationAspects of gravimeter calibration by time domain comparison of gravity records
1 of 8 2/18/2011 3:51 PM Aspects of gravimeter calibration by time domain comparison of gravity records Bruno Meurers Institute for Meteorology and Geophysics University of Vienna bruno.meurers@univie.ac.at
More informationDust Measurement & SIBATA Products. Sibata Scientific Technology Ltd.
Dust Measurement & SIBATA Products Sibata Scientific Technology Ltd. Content Conditions of Dust Measurement in Japan Mass Concentration Method & SIBATA Products Relative Concentration Method & SIBATA Products
More informationDigital Blood Pressure Monitor. Model UA-705. Instruction Manual. Manuel d instructions. Manual de Instrucciones. Manuale di Istruzioni 1WMPD B
Digital Blood Pressure Monitor Model UA-705 Instruction Manual Manuel d instructions Manual de Instrucciones Manuale di Istruzioni 1WMPD4000988B ENGLISH Contents Dear Customers... 2 Preliminary Remarks...
More informationRSKtools for Matlab processing RBR data
Table of Contents Introduction... 1 RSKtools help... 1 Getting set up... 1 Remove atmospheric pressure from measured total pressure... 2 Correct for A2D zero-order hold... 2 Low-pass filtering... 3 Alignment
More informationOmron Blood Pressure Monitor Need Manual Bp760 Automatic
Omron Blood Pressure Monitor Need Manual Bp760 Automatic Omron 7 series upper arm blood pressure monitor is a good monitor with 7 Series have 3 different models BP761, BP760N and BP760 with minor variations.
More informationBlood Pressure Monitor Instruction Manual
Blood Pressure Monitor Instruction Manual BMP-2244BT Manual Ver.: 1.0 Issuing Date: 2016/09/22 2016. All rights reserved. Thank you for selecting iprovén arm type Blood Pressure Monitor BPM-2244BT. The
More informationSOLUTIONS Homework #1
SOLUTIONS Homework #1 INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY ECEN 1001- Fall 2003 R. Mihran Due Tuesday, 9/9/03 Question 1: a) Chapter 1 of the text discusses the fact that a significant fraction
More informationHAEMODYNAMIC MONITORING SETUP IN THE CATHETERISATION LABORATORY MAHAT SAPION
HAEMODYNAMIC MONITORING SETUP IN THE CATHETERISATION LABORATORY MAHAT SAPION Haemodynamic Monitoring Functions of monitoring to detect that there is a problem blood pressure compensatory sympathetic stimulation
More informationOperating Instructions
Operating Instructions Preparation for Start-up 1. If the computer system is logged off, log into the computer system. Log into the operator account on the computer. Please ask your TA for username and
More informationRATE CONTROL SYSTEM FOR SOUNDING ROCKETS
RATE CONTROL SYSTEM FOR SOUNDING ROCKETS Josef Ettl, Johann Pfänder German Aerospace Center (DLR), D-834 Wessling, Germany e-mail: josef.ettl@dlr.de johann.pfaender@dlr.de, 1. ABSTRACT DLR/Moraba has a
More informationAir Compressor Control System for Energy Saving in Manufacturing Plant
IJSTE - International Journal of Science Technology & Engineering Volume 1 Issue 2 August 2014 ISSN(online) : 2349-784X Air Compressor Control System for Energy Saving in Manufacturing Plant Ms. Snehal
More informationNitrogen subtraction on reported CO 2 emission using ultrasonic flare gas meter
Nitrogen subtraction on reported CO 2 emission using ultrasonic flare gas meter Kjell-Eivind Frøysa, Christian Michelsen Research AS, Bergen, Norway Henning Ekerhovd, StatoilHydro ASA, Kollsnes, Norway
More informationAuto-Zero Calibration Technique for Pressure Sensors
Auto-Zero Calibration Technique for Pressure Sensors A Technical Note 1.0 INTRODUCTION This technical note describes how to implement Auto-Zero, a calibration technique for pressure sensors based on sampling
More informationProportional Valve Technology
Application Note Proportional Valve Technology This file offers detailed technical information about the proportional valves. MPYE,VPWP, VPCF, VPPX,VPPM,MPPES, VPPE,VPPL,MPPE, VEAA,VEAB 100276 Title...
More informationCode Basic module and level control complete with optionals code
AUTOMATION AND PROCESS CONTROL MPCT - Modular Process Control Trainer Code 916960 Basic module and level control complete with optionals code 916961-916962-916963-916964-916965 1. General Didacta proposes
More informationSeries 3730 and Series 3731 EXPERTplus Valve Diagnostics with Partial Stroke Test (PST)
Series 3730 and Series 3731 EXPERTplus Valve Diagnostics with Partial Stroke Test (PST) Application Positioner firmware for early detection of control valve faults giving maintenance recommendations. Valid
More informationExercise 8. Closed-Loop Pressure Control, Proportional-Plus-Integral Mode EXERCISE OBJECTIVE
Exercise 8 Closed-Loop Pressure Control, EXERCISE OBJECTIVE To understand open and closed-loop pressure control; To learn how to sense the pressure in a pneumatic circuit; To control the pressure in a
More informationNon-Invasive Blood Pressure (NIBP)
Non-Invasive Blood Pressure (NIBP) October 2007 9650-1214-01 Rev. G The issue date or revision level for this operation guide is shown on the front cover. ZOLL and E Series are registered trademarks of
More informationInstallation Instructions
Model: ACT-4500 ACT-4500-3 ACT-4500-6 SUN ELECTRIC CORPORATION Page: 1 of 5 Installation Instructions INSTALLATION MUST BE PERFORMED BY QUALIFIED SUN PERSONNEL ONLY INSTALLATION OVERVIEW: The Installation
More informationLINEAR TRANSFORMATION APPLIED TO THE CALIBRATION OF ANALYTES IN VARIOUS MATRICES USING A TOTAL HYDROCARBON (THC) ANALYZER
LINEAR TRANSFORMATION APPLIED TO THE CALIBRATION OF ANALYTES IN VARIOUS MATRICES USING A TOTAL HYDROCARBON (THC) ANALYZER Michael T Tang, Ph.D. Grace Feng Greg Merideth Rui Huang Matheson Gas Applied Lab
More informationEquation 1: F spring = kx. Where F is the force of the spring, k is the spring constant and x is the displacement of the spring. Equation 2: F = mg
1 Introduction Relationship between Spring Constant and Length of Bungee Cord In this experiment, we aimed to model the behavior of the bungee cord that will be used in the Bungee Challenge. Specifically,
More informationTitle: Standard Operating Procedure for Elemental and Organic Carbon (EC and OC) using Non-Dispersive Infrared Detection (NDIR)
Procedure No: SOP-025 Revision No: 1.0 (January 21, 2011) Page No.: 1 of 8 1. INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE To obtain timely data for the purpose of air quality assessment, air quality trend reporting and to
More informationLab 12 Standing Waves
b Lab 12 Standing Waves What You Need To Know: Types of Waves The study of waves is a major part of physics. There are quite a few types of waves that can be studied. Depending on who you have for lecture
More informationInstallation Instructions
SUN ELECTRIC CORPORATION Model: MRC-450 MRC-450-3 MRC-450-6 MRC-450-GR Page: 1 of 5 Installation Instructions INSTALLATION MUST BE PERFORMED BY QUALIFIED SUN PERSONNEL ONLY INSTALLATION OVERVIEW: The Installation
More information