Q1. Which activity is most likely to use aerobic respiration for energy?

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Grace Bradley
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1 Q1. Which activity is most likely to use aerobic respiration for energy? 10 km cross country run Vault in gymnastics Shot put Jumping to block a shot in basketball (Total 1 mark) Q. All of the following are functions of the blood except: Transport Protection Energy production Temperature control (Total 1 mark) Q3. In order for respiration to take place air must be taken in. (i) Name two of the air passages which allow air to enter the body. One... Two... Describe what gaseous exchange is and clearly state where it takes place. (3) (Total 5 marks) Page 1 of 13

2 Q4. The circulatory system contributes to the efficient performance of a sports performer. (i) State two different functions or roles of the blood. Function/role one... Function/role two... Explain how the heart acts as a pump in a double circulatory system. (3) (Total 5 marks) Q5. The pulse rate can be used to monitor the effects of exercise on the body. (i) Describe two places on the body where the pulse can be found. Place 1... Place... Explain why it is important to monitor and record the pulse rate when exercising or training. (3) (Total 5 marks) Page of 13

3 Q6. Sporting situations may be considered to be aerobic or anaerobic. (i) What is meant by the term 'aerobic'? (1) Describe a situation in which a performer would be working aerobically. (iii) What is meant by the term 'anaerobic'? (1) (iv) Describe a situation in which a performer would be working anaerobically. (Total 6 marks) Page 3 of 13

4 Q7. The circulatory system helps the body to work efficiently. Describe the role of the blood in the following functions. (i) Transport Control of body temperature (Total 4 marks) Q8. Name two body systems involved in providing energy for movement and physical activity (Total marks) Page 4 of 13

5 Q9. The effective working of the breathing and respiratory system is important for all performers. (i) The air passages are one part of the breathing system. Name three other parts. Part 1... Part... Part 3... (3) Describe how respiration takes place. (3) (Total 6 marks) Q10. (i) What is blood pressure? How does physical activity affect blood pressure during activity?... in the long term?... (Total 4 marks) Page 5 of 13

6 Q11. Many factors are important in determining how successful a performer may be. How do breathing rate, heart rate and metabolic rate affect the possibility of success in physical activity? (Total 7 marks) Page 6 of 13

7 M1. 10 km cross country run [1] M. Energy production [1] M3. (i) Award one mark for each of the correctly named air passages mouth nose pharynx epiglottis larynx trachea bronchi bronchioles Award up to three marks for a correct answer. award up to two marks for correctly describing it as the oxygen being taken in / being exchanged for the carbon dioxide which is to be breathed out award one mark for stating that gaseous exchange occurs in the lungs / alveoli 3 [5] M4. (i) Award up to two marks for correctly stating two different functions or roles of the blood. transport of oxygen / carbon dioxide transport of glucose / waste products body temperature control protection Page 7 of 13

8 Award up to three marks for correctly explaining the double pump function: blood enters the right atrium / dark red in colour with little oxygen right atrium pumps blood / into the right ventricle the right ventricle pumps through the pulmonary artery / to the lungs from the lungs the blood returns / to the left atrium the left atrium pumps the blood / into the left ventricle the left ventricle pumps the blood / into the aorta/ to the body Accept the above plus other suitable examples. In order to obtain the maximum marks candidates must clearly identify at least three of the stages identified above. 3 [5] M5. (i) Award one mark for each correctly described pulse point. Note that some might be correctly named and for others a description of their exact location may be accepted. Radial pulse/at the base of the thumb on the inside of the wrist Temporal pulse/just over the temple at the side of the forehead Carotid pulse/on either side of the neck Femoral pulse-in the groin. Page 8 of 13

9 Award up to three marks for a correct explanation. Examples: The heart rate lets you know how quickly the blood is being pumped around the body This is effectively providing the energy to allow the body to exercise There are certain zones or areas which the heart rate can be increased to or worked in The speed of your recovery rate is a general indicator of your fitness levels The quicker you are able to return your pulse to its resting rate the fitter you are Monitoring the rate can be used as a training indicator to make sure you are working at the correct levels Varying the pulse rate can be used relative to the principle of overload Safety aspects can be considered to ensure you are not working at too high a level. Accept the above plus any other suitable examples. 3 [5] M6. (i) Award one mark for a correct definition. An equation is acceptable. Aerobic respiration in the presence of oxygen Glucose + oxygen = energy + carbon dioxide + water 1 Award up to two marks for an accurate description. For maximum marks reference should be made to the intensity and length of time of the situation. e.g. activities that need long term energy systems, such as cross country running or long distance cycling Page 9 of 13

10 (iii) Award one mark for a correct definition. An equation is acceptable. Anaerobic respiration in the absence of oxygen glucose energy + lactic acid 1 (iv) Award up to two marks for an accurate description. For maximum marks reference should be made to the intensity and length of time of the situation. Activities that need short term energy systems such as 100m sprinting or weightlifting. [6] M7. (i) Award up to two marks for describing the transport function: It carries glycogen/, water/, oxygen/ or nutrients throughout the body/to the working muscle/and helps with the transport and removal of waste/carbon dioxide/lactic acid/away from the working muscle. Award up to two marks for describing the control of body temperature function. The blood absorbs body heat/then carries it to the skin and lungs/where it is released/veins dilate/to cool you down. [4] M8. Two systems from. circulatory respiratory digestive accept cardiovascular [] Page 10 of 13

11 M9. (i) Award one mark for each correctly identified part of the breathing system other than the air passages which were included in the question. Examples: trachea alveoli bronchioles lungs diaphragm mouth nasal cavity or nose larynx pharynx intercostal muscles bronchus, bronchi. 3 Award up to three marks for a correct description of how respiration takes place. Examples: the process by which the body / takes in oxygen / and gives out carbon dioxide the process of the lungs / inspiring / and expiring reference to aerobic and anaerobic respiration is also acceptable. Accept the above plus any other suitable examples. 3 [6] M10. (i) Resistance in the cardio-vascular system (one mark) to the flow of blood round the body (one mark). force of the blood (one mark) passing through an artery (one mark) accept a measure of blood flow/ease at which blood flows around the body. a measure of the blood flow through an artery = marks. do not accept the speed at which blood travels/how fast blood travels. Page 11 of 13

12 blood pressure goes up during physical activity; blood pressure stays low/is lowered in the long term. [4] M11. When breathing rate is low the potential for success is greater in stamina-based activities because the body works within the aerobic (breathing) system (amplification possible for extracmarks) as the body utilises O (greater VO uptake) As breathing rate gets higher and shallow it can indicate an O debt and performance will be reduced. When resting heart rate is low the potential for success is greater in stamina-based activities because of increased volume of blood circulating to muscles and oxygen supply meets demand together with. the slower the production of waste products When heart rate gets higher as demand for O increases removal of wastes (CO and lactic acid) is urgent/necessary and performance will be reduced/stopped. NB There will be facts stated which seem to contradict this line but which may be correct. The higher the metabolic rate the greater the potential for success in stamina-based activities because of the quicker breakdown of food and creation of ATP With a lower metabolic rate less energy is converted and weight is increased Performance is reduced. [7] Page 1 of 13

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1.2 The structure and functions of the cardio-respiratory system Learning objectives

1.2 The structure and functions of the cardio-respiratory system Learning objectives To understand the functions of the circulatory system. To be able to identify the differences between veins, arteries