FUGITIVE EMISSIONS EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENTS AND EQUIVALENCY
|
|
- Annice McLaughlin
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 FUGITIVE EMISSIONS EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENTS AND EQUIVALENCY ABSTRACT Jay Abrahimzadeh Joe Steinke Control Components Inc. Fugitive Emissions requirements, compliance, and use have gained momentum in the oil and gas industry over the past 10 years which has created new challenges for valve suppliers. In an effort to address this challenge, various government organizations and industry leaders have designed and authored varying fugitive emission tests and specifications. However the variability of measurement techniques, test fluid medium and testing methods has left the seal and valve suppliers in the challenging position to establish uniform specification requirements, qualification and test procedures. Depending on the fugitive emissions requirement there can be a significant impact on cost, delivery, manufacturing and qualifications testing on the hardware and equipment to be supplied. One of the most important variables among the various fugitive emissions specifications is the leakage rate measurement methods. Two of the predominant specifications ISO and Shell 77/300/312 use different leakage rate measurement techniques and test procedures. ISO requires a total/global measurement method where Shell uses sniff measurement to determine leakage rate; while parts-per-million (PPM) or concentration measurements are specified per ISO production testing and EPA method 21. This paper will review and determine the relationship between the various leakage rate measurement techniques and present test data obtained in laboratory experiments to show the correlation between different leakage measurement methods. Performance and qualification between various valve/seal designs and industry standards can be better understood and correlated. INTRODUCTION Fugitive Emissions requirements and compliance have gained momentum in the oil and gas industry over the past 10 years. This has created new opportunities and challenges for valve and seal suppliers. Various government organizations and industry leaders have authored number of fugitive emission specifications and qualification requirements. However the variability of measurement techniques, test fluid medium, and testing methods have left the seal and valve suppliers in challenging position to meet the varying leakage requirements, qualification and test procedures. Depending on the fugitive emissions requirement there can be significant impact on cost, delivery, manufacturing, and qualifications testing on equipment supplied. This paper will review and determine if a relationship between the various leakage rate measurement techniques can be established and present test data obtained in laboratory experiments. The result is helpful to understand performance and qualification between various valve/seal designs and industry standards. TEST SPECIFICATION OVERVIEW Fugitive emission test procedures are frequently divided in two parts. Prototype qualification tests are where a valve is tested at operating pressure and temperature for a high number of cycles. A production test is then done on a sample of the proven design at a lower number of cycles and frequently a reduced pressure. One of the most important variables among the various fugitive emissions specifications is the leakage rate measurement methods. Two of the predominant prototype procedures, ISO and Shell 77/300, use different test methods and leakage rate measurement units. ISO requires a total/global measurement method and measured in absolute volume leakage rates. Shell 77/300 uses sniff measurement with absolute leakage rates where some leakage can be lost during sniff measurement. ISO and Shell 77/312 are used for production tests, and both procedures use a sniff test in PPM to measure leakage. 1
2 1. Vacuum Enclosure 2. Helium-Inlet 3. Mass Spectrometer 1. Stem 2. Sniff Probe Figure 1, Global vs. Sniff testing LEAKAGE RATE CORRELATIONS The purpose of this test was to investigate how the total vacuum leakage rate results can be correlated with sniff leakage rate results and PPM concentration measurements as there is no direct conversion between these measurements units. Being able to correlate these different measurement values would be very helpful to extrapolate performance of a seal across multiple Fugitive Emissions specifications and estimate the seal performance. In order to generate an absolute leakage for comparative testing, calibration standards with a variety of leakage rates were obtained. These calibrated leaks could then compared versus sniffed absolute leakage and ppm leakage values. TESTING VARIABLES AND EQUIPMENT The test fixture used (Figure #2) was a double ended bonnet with a stem extended through the fixture. This test fixture accommodates installation of two sets of packing, one on the top of the test fixture and one on the bottom. The helium calibrated leak is introduced between the sets of packing, and the upper set of stem packing is intentionally damaged to introduce different leak paths. The fixture had a relatively small volume, and a pressure gage would identify when a stable pressure (and associated external leakage) existed in the test fixture. 2
3 Figure 2, Stem Packing Test Setup Two different mass spectrometer devices were used, a Pfeiffer HLT-570 and Varian 979. The Pfeiffer HLT- 570 has capability of measuring absolute leakage, sniffed absolute leakage, and PPM. The Varian 979 can measure absolute leakage and sniffed absolute leakage. The vacuum flow pulled by the Varian was measured which allowed the calculation of the ppm leakage by dividing the absolute sniffed helium leakage by the total vacuum flow. The total leak source is provided by four standard calibrated helium leak sources ranging from 4.76E-2 atm-cc/sec to 1.00E-06 (atm-cc/sec) to cover a range of possible leak rates. A pressure gauge was used to measure the packing box pressure. When the largest helium leak source (4.76E-02 atm-cc/sec) was attached and packing was installed, the maximum internal pressure was recorded to be as high as 22 psi. Since the bottle pressure on the leak source was psi, back pressure from the fixture would have relatively little impact on the leakage rate. SIMULATION OF LEAKING PACKING Packing type used is V-ring made virgin Teflon material. To simulate damaged to the packing, packing box, or stem, a number of intentional leak paths were generated on the packing by cutting axial V-groves on the ID or OD of the packing. To simulate damage mechanisms on valves which would cause leakage, 5 different configurations were used. The cuts were made deep enough so the packing would not seal when torqued. Local damage on a stem such as a scratch, one V-cut (1-ID damaged) was cut on the packing. To simulate the distributed damage or wear on a stem or wear on the packing ID, 8 V-cuts (8-ID damaged) were cut on a second packing set. To simulate a scored packing box, one V-cut (1-OD damaged) and (8-OD damaged) cuts were made on 3 rd. and 4 th set of PTFE packing. As a final control, the packing was not placed in the packing box, and a spacer with clearance on the ID and ID was used. 3
4 Figure 3: V-Rings Packing with Intentional Damage (V-cut); From left to right One point ID- Damaged, eight point ID-Damaged, one point OD-Damaged, and eight point OD-Damaged TEST MEASUREMENTS Stem packing leak rates were taken at pre-marked radial locations to determine if there is a relationship between measurements and location of the intentional leak path (damaged points) on each packing set. An example of the sniff probes measurements on pre-marked location is shown in Figure 6. Measurements were taken at 8 incremental points around the stem/packing area from 0 to 360 where 0 is a repeated measurement. Stem packing leakage measurements were taken in atm-cc/sec and PPM with both the Varian 979 (QV measured ) and Pfifer (QP measured ). The Varian 979 mass spectrometer was set at vacuum test point pressure of 500 mtorr, the lower end of the recommended operating range for the instrument. Figure 4, 8-OD Damaged Packing Installation and alignment of the damaged location with pre-marked follower Figure 5, 8-ID Damaged Packing Installation and alignment of the damaged location with pre-marked follower 4
5 Figure 6, Sniffing measurements taken at the stem and follower interface in from 0 to 360 EXPERIMENT OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTS Appendix 1, Figures 1, 2 and tables 1-4 are the summary of the experiment results. In general from this experiment it is evident that sniff measurements either in atm-cc/sec or PPM should be considered a qualitative measurements not strict quantitative measurement method. The test variables includes; test measurement equipment, test technician, air flow velocity in direct vicinity of the point of measurement, sniffer probe flow rate, packing type, type of packing damage, and measurement location. A detailed observation of the test data is given below; 1. Measurements taken using both machines show large variations. It is conceivable to get entirely different results by repeating this experiment (Appendix 1, Tables 1-3). 2. The ID damaged seals show higher measured leak rates than OD- damaged seals. This may be due to the natural capture effect of the packing follower and flange which will create a collection groove, which leakage can migrate to more easily to the mass spectrometer on the ID than the OD. Figure 7, Packing Cavity 3. The location of the maximum or minimum Q measured leak of the ID damaged packings (1-ID & 8 ID damaged) was random and not related to the damage location or the helium leak source location. This is likely due to the distance from the leak point and the leak measurement point which is separated by the height of the packing flange and follower. 5
6 4. The single damaged point on the OD of the packing box (1-OD-Damaged) shows higher leakage rate than the (8-OD-Damaged seal). This is expected, as the helium leakage is not distributed around the packing box on a single point leakage/failure location. 5. Normally the packing box ID/seal OD interface is static seal and does not get damaged as easily as the dynamic surface of the stem/packing contact. We would not expect to see the packing OD as the major source of the valve stem packing box leaks. 6. The Varian mass spectrometer volumetric flow on sniff testing is 3 times the flow of the Pfeiffer mass spectrometer. 7. Some of the causes of inconsistencies in trying to measure sniff testing in PPM are shown in Figure 7. The air flow velocity impacts the results more than any other variable. But the impact cannot be quantified, mass spectrometer measures concentrations of helium. Slight variation of the air flow in the vicinity of the sniffer probe has significant effect in the helium concentration measured in the given air volume. Figure 8: Valve Stem Packing Sniffing Measurements with Mass Spectrometer 8. Because of the variations in leakage measurement, it was decided to present only the 8 point ID damage leakage for comparison of absolute leakage rate versus the sniffed ppm values, table 3 Appendix 1. CONCLUSIONS Findings and analysis of this work show a very large variance test values. Repeating the FET tests can result in different values which are not good for either the valve manufacturer or the equipment owner. It should be noted that the performance of the packing in a controlled environment may not represent actual performance of packing in the field. Variations in contamination, lubrication retention, stability of the control loop, etc., can all have an impact on the long term leakage from the stem packing. Conclusions from this test are identified below. 1. All the sniffed leakage measurements (Q measured ) in atm-cc/sec show significant lower measured helium concentration than the source Q leak (Appendix 1, Figure 1-2 & Tables 1-2). This difference is lower by 1/3 to 3 orders of magnitude depending on where the leakage occurs. This is a little surprising when leakage is being measured within a test area of a few square inches. The worst case for missed leakage occurs when there is uniform damage on the OD of the packing. This type of damage mechanism is the least likely to occur. If uniform OD damage is eliminated, the variation 6
7 range is 1/3 to 2 orders of magnitude. What this means is that if a valve passes an ISO prototype test with global capture, it should easily pass a sniff test with the same amount of leakage criteria. 2. There is difference in sniffed testing with different mass spectrometers with different volumes of suction flow, both in absolute leakage captured and in PPM captures. The Varian mass spectrometer with larger amounts of suction flow seems to capture more net leaked gas than the Pfeiffer. However, the larger suction gas flow dilutes the helium captured to provide a lower ppm. Depending on whether the sniff test criteria is in absolute leakage rates or ppm, a choice of test equipment may make the difference between a pass or fail. 3. Industry standards for VOC measurements will vary from 50ppm to 500ppm depending on specification and local requirements. Methane being a much heavier gas will leak at ½ the rate of helium. For comparing ISO leakage rates to ppm VOC requirements: a. Comparing for 50ppm VOC, an ISO Class B leakage for a 1 stem is approximately 4.4E-5 scc/sec. Per Table 3, an absolute leakage rate of 5.4E-4 helium will provide concentrations averaging of 70ppm helium. Accounting for the difference in density and an order of magnitude reduced leakage, a wide safety margin is achieved for 50ppm levels methane. b. Comparing for 500ppm VOC, an ISO Class C leakage for a 1 stem is approximately 4.4E-3 scc/sec. Per Table 3, an absolute leakage rate of 5.11E-3 helium will provide concentrations averaging of 300ppm helium. Accounting for the difference in density, the ISO Class C leakage should achieve 500ppm levels for methane. 7
8 APPENDIX, Test Data (atm-cc/sec) 1.00E E E E E E E-07 Sniff Measurements Using Pfeiffer HLT-570 Mass Spectrometer 1.00E E E E E E E-01 Qleak (Std. Leak) (1-ID) (8-ID) (8-OD) (No Packing) (1-OD) Figure A1: Valve Stem Packing Sniffing Measurements, Various Packing Type Qleak (atm-cc/sec) Sniff Measurements Using Varian 979 Mass Spectrometer QV measured (atm-cc/sec) 1.00E E E E E E E-07 Qleak (Std. Leak) QVmeasured (1- ID) QVmeasured (8- ID) QVmeasured (8-OD) Qvmeasured (No Packing) Qvmeasured (1-OD) Figure A2: Valve Stem Packing Sniffing Measurements, Various Packing Type 1.00E E E E E E E-01 Qleak (atm-cc/sec) 8
9 APPENDIX, Test Data, cont d. Qleak (atm-cc/sec) 4.76E E E E-06 No Packing Damgd Pt. ID Damgd Pt ID Damgd Pt OD Damgd Pts OD Table A1 Qleak/QVmeasured Sniff Test (atm-cc/sec) using Varian 979 Ideal ratio is 1 that is when 100% of std. leak is measured Qleak (atm-cc/sec) 4.76E E E E-06 No Packing Damgd Pt. ID Damgd Pt ID Damgd Pt OD Table A2 Qleak/ Sniff Test (atm-cc/sec) using Pfeiffer HLT Damgd Pts OD Qleak (atm-cc/sec) 4.76E E E E-06 Varian 979 (1) ppm ppm 9-51 ppm ppm Pfeiffer HLT ppm ppm ppm 1 ppm (1) Calculated using measured atm-cc/sec and sniff probe flow rates Table A3 8 Point Damaged ID Sniff Test in PPM using Pfeiffer and Varian 9
VALVE MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION API 622 API 624
VALVE MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION API 622 API 624 Written by Rich Davis Manager Business Development Western Hemisphere & China Flexitallic L.P., Deer Park, Texas Presented By: Steve Butler, Shell Global
More informationType Testing of Rising Stem Valves Equipped with Graphite Packing for Fugitive Emissions
Type Testing of Rising Stem Valves Equipped with Graphite Packing for Fugitive Emissions 1 Scope This standard specifies the requirements and acceptance criteria (100 ppmv) for fugitive emission type testing
More informationEFFECT OF PACKING MATERIAL AND CONFIGURATION ON ISOLATION VALVE STUFFING BOX LEAKAGE AT CRITICAL OPERATING CONDITION
EFFECT OF PACKING MATERIAL AND CONFIGURATION ON ISOLATION VALVE STUFFING BOX LEAKAGE AT CRITICAL OPERATING CONDITION S. MANIKANDAN, Fluid Control Research Institute, Palakkad, INDIA Email: manikandan@fcriindia.com
More informationDiscussion on Fugitive Emissions Standards Rich Davis
Discussion on Fugitive Emissions Standards Rich Davis Business Development Manager Flexitallic LP Emissions Standards API 622 Type Testing of Process Valve Packing for Fugitive Emissions (under revision)
More informationProduct Test Report F.A. Lennon Drive December 2015 Solon, Ohio U.S.A. Page 1 of 7. Valve Series Description Test Pressure Test Qty.
Product Report Solon, Ohio 44139 U.S.A. Page 1 of 7 TITLE Fugitive and Seat Leakage Performance Type of Swagelok VB05 Block and Bleed Process Interface Valves Witnessed by a Third Party PRODUCT TESTED
More informationThe latest automotive systems require innovative leak test methods and fixturing.
Leak Testing Auto Parts The latest automotive systems require innovative leak test methods and fixturing. In the past, automobile manufacturers only required basic forms of leak testing to check standard
More informationDevelopment of a High Pressure, Oil Free, Rolling Piston Compressor
Purdue University Purdue e-pubs International Compressor Engineering Conference School of Mechanical Engineering 1994 Development of a High Pressure, Oil Free, Rolling Piston Compressor S. J. Delmotte
More informationVIC offers a variety of Calibrated Gas Leaks
CALIBRATED GAS LEAKS VIC offers a high quality line of calibrated gas leaks traceable to National Institute of Standards Technology (NIST). Calibrated gas leaks are used to provide a controlled delivery
More informationLeak testing of Valves. Standards for acceptable Rates of Valve Leakage
Leak testing of Valves Standards for acceptable Rates of Valve Leakage American Petroleum Institute (API) The API standard 598: Valve Inspection and Testing, covers the testing and inspection requirements
More informationSTANDARD FOR CONTROL VALVE SEAT LEAKAGE
11-3 STANDARD FOR CONTROL VALVE SEAT LEAKAGE 1. PURPOSE 1.1 This standard establishes a series of seat leakage classes for control valves and defines the test procedures. 2. SCOPE & LIMITATIONS 2.1 Selection
More informationRevision 2013 Vacuum Technology 1-3 day Good Vacuum Practice 1 Day Course Outline
Revision 2013 Vacuum Technology 1-3 day Good Vacuum Practice 1 Day Course Outline This training course outline is intended to cover the following: Introduction to vacuum Measurement Lubricated rotary pumps
More informationPaper Session II-C - Verification of International Space Station Component Leak Rates by Helium Accumulation Method
The Space Congress Proceedings 2003 (40th) Linking the Past to the Future - A Celebration of Space May 1st, 1:30 PM - 4:30 PM Paper Session II-C - Verification of International Space Station Component
More informationThe Helium Leak Detector
The Helium Leak Detector Helium Leak Detector Main Components The main components of a helium leak detector are: 1. The analyzed, which enables to separate the tracer gas from other gases inside leak detector.
More informationCORESTA RECOMMENDED METHOD N 6
CORESTA RECOMMENDED METHOD N 6 DETERMINATION OF VENTILATION DEFINITIONS AND MEASUREMENT PRINCIPLES (2015 Revision September 2016) 1. SCOPE This CORESTA Recommended Method specifies a method for the determination
More informationHelium Leak Detection by Detector Probe Technique : Is it a Leak Detection or Concentration Detection Method?
More info about this article: http://www.ndt.net/?id=21225 Helium Leak Detection by Detector Probe Technique : Is it a Leak Detection or Concentration Detection Method? Venkat N. Ramani PLASMA & VACUUM
More informationSucceeding with Production Air Leak Testing Methods. Paul Chamberlain President, CEO
Succeeding with Production Air Leak Testing Methods Paul Chamberlain President, CEO 2 Overview Air Leak Testing Overview Pressure Decay Air Leak Testing Factors impacting leak rate measurement Test Data:
More informationHP/UHP Spring-Loaded Regulator
Description HP (High Purity) and UHP (Ultra High Purity) products are for service where the product must be kept free of contamination. The design is kept simple to minimise dead areas where contaminants
More informationImplication of Multiple Leak Tests and Impact of Rest Time on Avionic Hybrids
Implication of Multiple Leak Tests and Impact of Rest Time on Avionic Hybrids Maureen Perry, Steve Smalley Northrop Grumman Electronic Systems 7323 Aviation Blvd Baltimore, MD 21240 USA Ph: 410-765-4498
More informationHKA TECHNOLOGIES INC. TEMPERATURE COMPENSATION
HKA TECHNOLOGIES INC. TEMPERATURE COMPENSATION Different Methods of Air Leak Testing Conventional vs Bell Jar Pressure Decay and Differential Pressure Decay Mass Flow and Differential Mass Flow HKA mainly
More informationApplication of Computational Fluid Dynamics to Compressor Efficiency Improvement
Purdue University Purdue e-pubs International Compressor Engineering Conference School of Mechanical Engineering 1994 Application of Computational Fluid Dynamics to Compressor Efficiency Improvement J.
More informationDesign Enhancements on Dry Gas Seals for Screw Compressor Applications
VDI-Berichte Nr. 1932, 2006 B 8 331 Design Enhancements on Dry Gas Seals for Screw Compressor Applications Dipl.-Ing C. Kirchner, Flowserve Dortmund GmbH & Co KG, Dortmund Introduction The development
More informationFinding Leak Testing Success Through Calibration and Validation. Paul Chamberlain President, CEO
Finding Leak Testing Success Through Calibration and Validation Paul Chamberlain President, CEO 2 Overview Confidence in Your Leak Test Results Sources of Uncertainty Pressure decay leak testing Helium
More informationMETHOD 21 - DETERMINATION OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND LEAKS. 1.2 Scope. This method is applicable for the
1151 METHOD 21 - DETERMINATION OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND LEAKS 1.0 Scope and Application. 1.1 Analytes. Analyte Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) CAS No. No CAS number assigned 1.2 Scope. This method
More informationSEMASPEC Test Method for Determination of Cycle Life of Automatic Valves for Gas Distribution System Components
SEMASPEC Test Method for Determination of Cycle Life of Automatic Valves for Gas Distribution System Components Technology Transfer 90120395B-STD and the logo are registered service marks of, Inc. 1996,
More informationMECHANICAL EQUIPMENTS: COMPRESSORS, PUMPS, SEALS, SPEED DRIVES, CONTROL VALVES & ACTUATORS & SAFETY RELIEF VALVES
Training Title MECHANICAL EQUIPMENTS: COMPRESSORS, PUMPS, SEALS, SPEED DRIVES, CONTROL VALVES & ACTUATORS & SAFETY RELIEF VALVES Training Duration 5 days Training Venue and Dates REF Mechanical Equipments:
More informationБерг АБ Тел. (495) , факс (495) Turning Ideas Into Engineered Solutions KAYDON RING & SEAL, INC.
Turning Ideas Into Engineered Solutions RING & SEAL, INC. K-CBS Series Circumferential Barrier Seals Kaydon s high performance circumferential barrier seals back up DGS systems with performance & economy.
More informationPROCESS ROTATING EQUIPMENT (CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS )
PROCESS ROTATING EQUIPMENT ( ) Slide No: ١ Pumps can be divided into two main groups: Displacement pumps Dynamic pumps Slide No: ٢ Slide No: ٣ Slide No: ٤ Slide No: ٥ BASIC CENTRIFUGAL PUMP PARTS Casing
More informationImpact of imperfect sealing on the flow measurement of natural gas by orifice plates
Impact of imperfect sealing on the flow measurement of natural gas by orifice plates Rubens Silva Telles 1, Kazuto Kawakita 2 1 IPT Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas, São Paulo, Brazil, rtelles@ipt.br
More informationGuideline for RMO Key comparison for Air kerma rate in 60 Co gamma radiation
Guideline for RMO Key comparison for Air kerma rate in 60 Co gamma radiation This intercomparison will be carried out under the lead of KRISS with the cooperation of ARPANSA. This comparison has been approved
More informationPNEUMATIC PRESSURE CONTROLLERS
PNEUMATIC PRESSURE CONTROLLERS VARIABLE VOLUME PRESSURE CONTROLLER MODELS: V-1 R AND V-2R The 3D Variable Volume Pressure Controller is available for requirements of 0-1,000 psi and 0-6,000 psi in absolute
More informationStatesville, NC. Results of AM ASHRAE 110 Laboratory Fume Hood Performance Evaluations Venturi Hood
Statesville, NC Results of AM ASHRAE 11 Laboratory Fume Hood Performance Evaluations Venturi Hood January, 217 Prepared By: Exposure Control Technologies Inc. 231-C East Johnson Street Cary, NC 27513 Phone:
More informationVibration-Free Joule-Thomson Cryocoolers for Distributed Microcooling
Vibration-Free Joule-Thomson Cryocoolers for Distributed Microcooling W. Chen, M. Zagarola Creare Inc. Hanover, NH, USA ABSTRACT This paper reports on an innovative concept for a space-borne Joule-Thomson
More informationPolyethylene Valves for Natural Gas.
Polyethylene Valves for Natural Gas. Providing valves and equipment to the world s energy markets for over 00 years. Polyethylene Valves Made in the U.S.A. The POLYBALL valve is manufactured at our Mansura,
More informationUSER MANUAL CALIBRATED LEAK STANDARDS
USER MANUAL CALIBRATED LEAK STANDARDS CONTENTS 1. SCOPE... 1 2. SAFETY... 1 3. OVERVIEW... 2 4. BASIC OPERATION... 6 5. MAINTENANCE... 16 6. CALIBRATION OF LEAKS... 16 7. SHIPPING INSTRUCTIONS... 17 8.
More informationThe HumiPyc - Model 1 - Gas Pycnometer; Density, Moisture, Permeation Analyzer; RH sensor Calibrator
The HumiPyc - Model 1 - Gas Pycnometer; Density, Moisture, Permeation Analyzer; RH sensor Calibrator Designed, built, and supported by InstruQuest Inc. Temperature controlled, multi-technique volumetric
More informationPaper 2.2. Operation of Ultrasonic Flow Meters at Conditions Different Than Their Calibration
Paper 2.2 Operation of Ultrasonic Flow Meters at Conditions Different Than Their Calibration Mr William Freund, Daniel Measurement and Control Mr Klaus Zanker, Daniel Measurement and Control Mr Dale Goodson,
More informationCommercial Practice Test Method Internal Vapor Analysis of Hermetic Devices
Commercial Practice Test Method Internal Vapor Analysis of Hermetic Devices Oneida Research Services, Inc. 8282 Halsey Road Whitesboro, NY 13492 Phone: (315) 736-5480 FAX: (315) 736-9321 1.0 Purpose The
More informationDrilling Efficiency Utilizing Coriolis Flow Technology
Session 12: Drilling Efficiency Utilizing Coriolis Flow Technology Clement Cabanayan Emerson Process Management Abstract Continuous, accurate and reliable measurement of drilling fluid volumes and densities
More informationLevel MEASUREMENT 1/2016
Level MEASUREMENT 1/2016 AGENDA 2 A. Introduction B. Float method C. Displacer method D. Hydrostatic pressure method E. Capacitance method G. Ultrasonic method H. Radar method I. Laser method J. Level
More informationAIAA Brush Seal Performance Evaluation. P. F. Crudgington Cross Manufacturing Co. Ltd. Devizes, ENGLAND
AIAA 98-3172 Brush Seal Performance Evaluation P. F. Crudgington Cross Manufacturing Co. Ltd. Devizes, ENGLAND BRUSH SEAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AIAA-98-3172 P. F. Crudgington Cross Manufacturing Co. Ltd
More informationUpdated Performance and Operating Characteristics of a Novel Rotating Spool Compressor
Updated Performance and Operating Characteristics of a Novel Rotating Spool Compressor Joe Orosz Torad Engineering Cumming, Georgia Craig R. Bradshaw, PhD Torad Engineering LLC Cumming, Georgia Greg Kemp
More informationPTB Ex PT Scheme. Procedure Instruction of program Explosion Pressure - Test Round 2017
Procedure Instruction of program Explosion Pressure - Test Round 2017 Content 1 General Performance... 2 2 Measurand / Characteristic of interest... 2 3 Test Item and Configurations... 2 3.1 Components...
More informationCONTROL VALVE TESTING
The optimal functioning of the Control valve not only exists of sufficient body & seat tightness, but more important, the total "performance" of the valve and its controls! For an accurate and reliable
More informationInjector Dynamics Assumptions and their Impact on Predicting Cavitation and Performance
Injector Dynamics Assumptions and their Impact on Predicting Cavitation and Performance Frank Husmeier, Cummins Fuel Systems Presented by Laz Foley, ANSYS Outline Overview Computational Domain and Boundary
More informationCONTROL VALVE SEAT LEAKAGE
ANSIIFCI 70-2-2006 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD CONTROL VALVE SEAT LEAKAGE \D o N I N I o ~ H U ~ H [/) ~ Fluid Controls Institute, Inc. Spo~sor: Fluid Controls institute, inc. 1300 Sumner Ave Cleveland,
More informationREDUCING EMISSIONS WHEN TAKING COMPRESSORS OFF-LINE
Lessons Learned From Natural Gas STAR Partners REDUCING EMISSIONS WHEN TAKING COMPRESSORS OFF-LINE Executive Summary Compressors are used throughout the natural gas system to move natural gas from production
More informationv. Size shall be specified on drawings.
SPECIFICATION FOR VACUUM INSULATED PIPING Part 1 General 1. Submittals a. After award of contract and before executing any manufacturing, shop drawings and specifications shall be submitted to the customer
More informationValve Inspection & Testing
Inspection & Testing in accordance with API 598 Valve Inspection & Testing Shell Test (Body Hydro Test): - Each valve shall be tested in accordance with ASME B 16.34 for ASME valves. Shell test pressure
More informationFebruary 5, 2014 REQUEST FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION FOR THE REVIEW OF THE MODEL NO PACKAGE
February 5, 2014 Mr. Patrick W. McGuire, Assistant Manager Nuclear Material Stabilization Project Savannah River Operations Office U.S. Department of Energy P.O. Box A Aiken, SC 29802 SUBJECT: REQUEST
More informationLeak Checking Large Vacuum Chambers
Leak Checking Large Vacuum Chambers Technical Overview Vacuum Technologies Introduction Understanding the pump-down characteristics of a large vacuum vessel is critical for determining whether the vacuum
More informationGPP model GPPT model GPC model CLP model
CHOOSING A CALIBRATOR FOR HELIUM LEAK DETECTORS Unique Vacuum Solutions deals with four models of Calibrated Leak Standards for calibrating Helium Leak Detectors and Leak Testing Systems so that one is
More informationApplication of Double Vs Tandem Dry gas seal Advantages.
Application of Double Vs Tandem Dry gas seal Advantages. John Sears WW Director, Compressor Products. Flowserve Corporation. Unit #2207, 220 Fisher Street, SE, Calgary, Alberta, T2H 2H8 Canada; World Wide
More informationOperation Manual Piston Sensed Gas Pressure Regulators
687 Technology Way Napa, CA 94558 Phone: (707) 259-0102 FAX: (707) 259-0117 www.aptech-online.com Operation Manual Piston Sensed Gas Pressure Regulators (Models KT9, KT10, Welded KT10, KT12) Table of Contents:
More informationCLEANLINESS TEST OF PROBE SPINUP EXHAUST LINES
SU/GP-B P0388 Rev STANFORD UNIVERSITY W.W. HANSEN EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS LABORATORY GRAVITY PROBE B, RELATIVITY GYROSCOPE EXPERIMENT STANFORD, CALIFORNIA 94305-4085 CLEANLINESS TEST OF PROBE SPINUP EXHAUST
More informationChapter Pipette service & maintenance. Pipette specifications according to ISO Repair in the lab or return for service?
Pipette specifications according to ISO 8655 Chapter 5 5.1 The ISO 8655 standard gives the accuracy and precision limits as both absolute and relative values. Specifications will depend on the technique
More informationThis test shall be carried out on all vehicles equipped with open type traction batteries.
5.4. Determination of hydrogen emissions page 1 RESS-6-15 5.4.1. This test shall be carried out on all vehicles equipped with open type traction batteries. 5.4.2. The test shall be conducted following
More informationISO INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15848-1 First edition 2006-01-15 Industrial valves Measurement, test and qualification procedures for fugitive emissions Part 1: Classification system and qualification procedures
More informationAGILENT TURBOMOLECULAR PUMPS MEASUREMENT METHODOLOGY
AGILENT TURBOMOLECULAR PUMPS MEASUREMENT METHODOLOGY Agilent Vacuum Products: Our Committment to Quality Agilent s commitment to quality and Measurement s philosophy Reference Standards (PNEUROP, ISO)
More informationFlexible Engineered Solutions International CALM Buoy Swivels
Flexible Engineered Solutions International CALM Buoy Swivels Merchant Court, North Seaton Industrial Estate, Ashington, Northumberland, NE63 0YH, England Telephone: +44 (0) 1670 524 960 I Fax: +44 (0)
More informationAnnex G (normative) Requirements for Nondestructive Examination
Purchase API Spec online at http://www.techstreet.com/api Annex G (normative) G.1 General Requirements for Nondestructive Examination This annex specifies the requirements for NDE that shall be performed
More informationMott Manufacturing Limited
Mott Manufacturing Limited 452 Hardy Road, Brantford, Ontario, Canada, N3T 5L8. Telephone: 519-752-7825 Fax: 519-752-2895 Web Site: www.mott.ca Fume Hood Performance Test Test Date: 9-Sep-08 Model Number:
More informationMET 335W Fluid Mechanics Laboratory. Lab 1: Bourdon Tube Calibration. Nick Peak
MET 335W Fluid Mechanics Laboratory Lab 1: Bourdon Tube Calibration Nick Peak January 15, 2018 Purpose The purpose of this experiment is to test the accuracy of a bourdon pressure gauge. This is accomplished
More informationP3000 Series. Pneumatic Deadweight Testers Model P3000. Technical Data. Features
P3000 Series Pneumatic Deadweight Testers P3000 Technical Data Features Pressure ranges from Vacuum through 2 000 psi (140 bar) Accuracy better than 0.015 % of reading. (Increased accuracy option of 0.008
More informationHelium Mass Spectrometric Leak Detection In Large Size Process Plants
National Seminar & Exhibition on Non-Destructive Evaluation, NDE 2014, Pune, December 4-6, 2014 (NDE-India 2014) Vol.20 No.6 (June 2015) - The e-journal of Nondestructive Testing - ISSN 1435-4934 www.ndt.net/?id=17898
More informationMicro Channel Recuperator for a Reverse Brayton Cycle Cryocooler
Micro Channel Recuperator for a Reverse Brayton Cycle Cryocooler C. Becnel, J. Lagrone, and K. Kelly Mezzo Technologies Baton Rouge, LA USA 70806 ABSTRACT The Missile Defense Agency has supported a research
More informationInstructions for SMV 3000 Multivariable Configuration (MC) Data Sheets
Instructions for SMV 3000 Multivariable Configuration (MC) Data Sheets Similar to the TC option for ST 3000 transmitters, the MC option for the SMV 3000 provides a service to our customers which results
More informationAdvantages of Carrier Gas Leak Detection using Novel Helium or Hydrogen Leak Detectors with Specific Sensor Types
19 th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing 2016 Advantages of Carrier Gas Leak Detection using Novel Helium or Hydrogen Leak Detectors with Specific Sensor Types Klaus HERRMANN 1, Daniel WETZIG
More informationTRADITIONAL HIGH VIBRATION HOSE SYSTEM THE STANDARD FOR MANY AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS
O-Ring Face Seal Hose TRADITIONAL HIGH VIBRATION HOSE SYSTEM THE STANDARD FOR MANY AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS O-Ring Face Seal METAL FORMING SOLUTIONS THE STANDARD FOR MANY AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS Table of
More informationCompressors. Basic Classification and design overview
Compressors Basic Classification and design overview What are compressors? Compressors are mechanical devices that compresses gases. It is widely used in industries and has various applications How they
More informationStandard Test Methods for Leaks Using the Mass Spectrometer Leak Detector in the Detector Probe Mode 1,2
Designation: E 499 95 An American National Standard Standard Test Methods for Leaks Using the Mass Spectrometer Leak Detector in the Detector Probe Mode 1,2 This standard is issued under the fixed designation
More informationChapter 6 Leak detection
Chapter 6 Leak detection 1 2 1. Leak rate q L = V p t mbar l s -1 A leak rate of 1 mbar l s -1 exists in a closed vessel having a volume of 1 liter when the pressure increases by 1 mbar within one second,
More informationTechnical information for O-rings
echnical information for O-rings eal effect An O-ring is a sealing element used to reliably seal against fluids and gases. he seal effect is created during installation by axial or radial compression of
More informationGas Accumulation Potential & Leak Detection when Converting to Gas
Gas Accumulation Potential & Leak Detection when Converting to Gas Coal to Gas / PCUG Conference Chattanooga, TN October 29, 2013 Robert G. Mudry, P.E. Airflow Sciences Corporation Introduction Coal to
More informationSHORT FORM CATALOGUE
SHORT FORM CATALOGUE SYSTEM BUILDG BLOCKS In order to build and assemble high performance analytical systems that include sampling stream selection and column switching, high performance hardware is required
More informationProposed Uniform Standards for Equipment Leaks
12 th LDAR Symposium May 15-16, 2012 New Orleans, LA Proposed Uniform Standards for Equipment Leaks Standards Certification Education & Training Publishing Conferences & Exhibits 1 Proposed LDAR Uniform
More information6-way characterised control valves DN15 / DN 20 / DN 25
6-way characterised control valves DN15 / DN 20 / DN 25 Table of contents Introduction 2 Project planning 2 Structure of the 6-way characterised control valves 2 Range of use 2 Characteristic curve 3 Flow
More informationTBV OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL SERIES 2800: FLANGED BALL VALVE. For technical questions, please contact the following:
TBV OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL SERIES 2800: FLANGED BALL VALVE For technical questions, please contact the following: Engineering Department 1537 Grafton Road Millbury, MA 01527 Phone: (508) 887-9400
More information// ADapters GUIDelines
// ADapters GUIDelines ADAPTER SELECTION Selection of an appropriate ALFAGOMMA adapter for a given application depends on the fluid system operating parameters listed below and the tube material and wall
More informationCONTAINMENT OF CO2 REFRIGERATION INSTALLATIONS
CONTAINMENT OF CO2 REFRIGERATION INSTALLATIONS X. CAZAURAN, S. GUYOT, C. HERMON CETIM, Centre Technique des Industries Mécaniques, 74 route de la Jonelière, 44326 Nantes, France Fax : +33 ()251 86 73,
More informationINTRODUCTION TABLE OF CONTENTS
2 INTRODUCTION Thank you for choosing Servometer to design and manufacture your unique, new electrodeposited bellows for your particular application. The definitions, formulas and design parameters inside
More informationKinetics Fluid Systems - Process Flow Products. 18 February
18 February 2002 1 THE MODULAR SYSTEM - History 1995 -Unit Instruments, Inc. introduced Z-Z Block Modular system for Semiconductor marketplace 1997 - Increasing acceptance of modular technology in semiconductor
More informationDURABILITY TESTS OF BALL VALVE PROTOTYPE WITH FLOWMETER OPERATION
Int. J. of Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 2018, vol.23, No.1, pp.235-249 DOI: 10.1515/ijame-2018-0014 Technical note DURABILITY TESTS OF BALL VALVE PROTOTYPE WITH FLOWMETER OPERATION J. ROGULA * and
More informationPredicted Dispense Volume vs. Gravimetric Measurement for the MICROLAB 600. November 2010
Predicted Dispense Volume vs. Gravimetric Measurement for the MICROLAB 600 November 2010 Table of Contents ``Abstract...3 ``Introduction...4 ``Methods & Results...6 ``Data Analysis...9 ``Conclusion...12
More informationGas Lift Valve Testing
36 th Gas-Lift Workshop Stavanger, Norway February 4 8, 2013 Gas Lift Valve Testing Angel Wileman, Research Engineer Southwest Research Institute, Fluid Dynamics Feb. 4 8, 2013 2013 Gas-Lift Workshop 1
More informationSummary of Substantive Changes between the 2004 e1 and 2017 editions of ASSE 1011, Hose Connection Vacuum Breakers
Summary of Substantive Changes between the 2004 e1 and 2017 editions of ASSE 1011, Hose Connection Vacuum Breakers Presented to the IAPMO Standards Review Committee on October 15, 2018 General: The changes
More information780S Ultra High Purity Series
Smart Ultra High Purity Thermal Gas Mass Flow Meter Features Measures mass flow directly, no seperate temperature or pressure inputs required Field adjustment of critical flow meter settings via on-board
More informationVibration/leak Test 2.5 and 6 Vatterfly Valves (3179 and 3223) spare units. GP-B Engineering Procedure P0761 Rev.-
Ops Order No. W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory STANFORD UNIVERSITY STANFORD, CALIFORNIA 94305-4085 Gravity Probe B Relativity Mission Vibration/leak Test 2.5 and 6 Vatterfly Valves (3179 and
More informationID-Cube. Installation and Operations Manual For ID-Cube Source and Power Supply. Revision 2 Document #:
ID-Cube Installation and Operations Manual For ID-Cube Source and Power Supply Revision 2 Document #: 7.1.002 IonSense Inc. 999 Broadway Suite 404 Saugus, MA 01906 Copyright 2014 by IonSense Inc. All rights
More informationIntroduction of Vacuum Science & Technology. Diffusion pumps used on the Calutron mass spectrometers during the Manhattan Project.
Introduction of Vacuum Science & Technology Diffusion pumps used on the Calutron mass spectrometers during the Manhattan Project. 1 What is a vacuum? 760 mm Hg Vacuum ATM A vacuum is defined as less than
More informationSPECIFICATIONS. Approximate Weight: 10 oz. Surface Finish: Ra micro inch or less MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION
DIFFUSION-RESISTANT, DIAPHRAGM SEAL, EXCESS FLOW SHUT-OFF VALVES (FS SERIES) FS Series Excess Flow Shut-Off Valves are designed to automatically shut-off the delivery of gas in a line if the flow exceeds
More informationBiography. Abstract. Keywords. Body box, garments, validation, calibration, clean garments, IEST-RP-CC003.3, garment. Introduction and Scope
NEW METHOD CALIBRATION FOR CALIBRATION OF A BODY BOX [Paper presented at IEST s ESTECH 2003 Conference, Phoenix, AZ, May 18-21] Rajan Jaisinghani, Technovation Systems, Inc. Biography Rajan (Raj) Jaisinghani
More informationExercise 4-2. Centrifugal Pumps EXERCISE OBJECTIVE DISCUSSION OUTLINE DISCUSSION. Pumps
Exercise 4-2 Centrifugal Pumps EXERCISE OBJECTIVE Familiarize yourself with the basics of liquid pumps, specifically with the basics of centrifugal pumps. DISCUSSION OUTLINE The Discussion of this exercise
More informationWorld Area Differences Technical Information
World Area Differences Technical Information DMISC2047X02 This document is to give more information about the following: Porting & Threads Cleaning Procedures Conversion Tables PORTING & THREADS NPT (National
More informationDevelopment of Large Capacity CO2 Scroll Compressor
Purdue University Purdue e-pubs International Compressor Engineering Conference School of Mechanical Engineering 2008 Development of Large Capacity CO2 Scroll Compressor Kenji Yano Mitsubishi Electric
More informationGas flow calibrations performed at the National Metrology Institute of South Africa (NMISA)
Int. J. Metrol. Qual. Eng. 5, 303 (2014) c EDP Sciences 2014 DOI: 10.1051/ijmqe/2014012 Gas flow calibrations performed at the National Metrology Institute of South Africa (NMISA) D. Jonker and E.P. Tarnow
More informationThe HumiSys. RH Generator. Operation. Applications. Designed, built, and supported by InstruQuest Inc.
The HumiSys RH Generator Designed, built, and supported by InstruQuest Inc. Versatile Relative Humidity Generation and Multi-Sensor System The new HumiSys with single or dual RH probes capabilities is
More informationUnit 2 Kinetic Theory, Heat, and Thermodynamics: 2.A.1 Problems Temperature and Heat Sections of your book.
Unit 2 Kinetic Theory, Heat, and Thermodynamics: 2.A.1 Problems Temperature and Heat Sections 10.1 10.2 of your book. Convert the following to Celsius and Kelvin temperatures: 1. 80.0 o F Early E. C.:
More informationNIOSH Task Number 18388
National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory Technology Evaluation Branch Certified Product Investigation Program Report of Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus Second Stage Regulators Submitted by
More informationTank Blanketing Pressure Regulators RHPS Series
www.swagelok.com Tank Blanketing Pressure Regulators RHPS Series Types: pressure reducing and vapor recovery 16L stainless steel construction 1/2, 1, and 2 in. end connections Working pressures up to 22
More informationLOW PRESSURE EFFUSION OF GASES revised by Igor Bolotin 03/05/12
LOW PRESSURE EFFUSION OF GASES revised by Igor Bolotin 03/05/ This experiment will introduce you to the kinetic properties of low-pressure gases. You will make observations on the rates with which selected
More information