Integration of Impact Factors of Gas-Liquid Transfer Rate
|
|
- Barrie Fields
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Zhiyong Duan and James L. Martin Department of Civil Engineering Mississippi State University P.O. Box 9546 Mississippi State, MS ABSTRACT The gas transfer rate at air-water interface (reaeration rate) has significant impact on surface water quality. The gas transfer rate is affected by multiple factors including stream, wind, wave breaking, etc. When wind is blowing over water, the turbulence generated at the air-water interface is the predominant factor impacting reaeration. A number of empirical relationships have been established for the gas transfer rate as a function of wind speed. A theoretical model of the wind reaeration rate has also been developed by O Connor. However, in addition to wind-induced turbulence in an unbroken water surface, wave breaking is predominant factor impacting reaeration in the broken water surface, where the reaeration is driven by the bubble-mediated gas transfer. In this paper, a relationship is developed to integrate the effects of wave breaking and wind on the rate of reaeration. Keywords: Models, Surface Water, Water Quality Introduction The distribution of the constituents in aquatic ecosystems is significantly affected by the transfer of sparingly soluble gases such as dissolved oxygen across the air-water interface. Many factors such as wind, wave breaking, bubbles, etc. affect the gas-liquid transfer rate. Some studies (Broecker et al. 1978; Jahne et al. 1979; Liss and Merlivat 1986; Wanninkhof 1992; Wanninkhof and McGillis 1999) have focused on the effects of wind; some studies (Boettcher et al. 2000; Peirson et al. 2003; Woolf 1997; Zappa 2001) on the effects of wave breaking; and some other studies (Broecker and Siems 1984; Eckenfelder 1959; Memery and Merlivat 1983; Thorpe 1982 and 1986; Woolf and Thorpe 1991) on the effects of bubble-mediated gas-liquid transfer rate. Only a few studies (Asher and Farley 1995) were on the combined effects of wind, wave breaking and bubbles, in which basically empirical formulae were used for the calculation of the total gas-liquid transfer rate. In this study, an integrated gas-liquid transfer rate formula is developed, in which the majority components are theoretical. It will have wider application ranges as its majority is theoretical. Wind-driven gas-liquid transfer rate Wind has significant effects on gas-liquid transfer rate in many water bodies such as estuaries, lakes, oceans, etc. A theoretical wind-stream-driven gas-liquid transfer rate has been developed (Duan et al. 2007). It incorporates the combined effects of both wind and stream on gas-liquid transfer rate. By setting the stream velocity to be zero, a theoretical wind-driven gas-liquid transfer rate formula was obtained 86 37th Annual Mississippi Water Resources Conference
2 (Duan and Martin 2007) as: Wave breaking gas-liquid transfer rate When wind speed is large enough and wave breaking occurs, the gas-liquid transfer rate is significantly increased. The gas transfer dominated by breaking wave is proportional to fractional whitecap coverage. The coefficient is based on the calculations of bubble-mediated transfer, and therefore depends on the solubility of the gas. A simple formula, appropriate for CO 2 at 20 C, is given by (Woolf 1997): (1) (2) where K L = gas-liquid transfer rate induced by breaking wave in cm/hr; W = wind speed, m/s. Different research areas focus on the gas-liquid transfer processes of different gases; e.g. dissolved oxygen is the major concern in environmental engineering and carbon dioxide is the major concern in oceanography. The similarity of the transfer processes of different low solubility gases allows the conversion of transfer rates among different low solubility gases. The related conversion relationships are described with Schmidt number: (3) where C 1 = coefficient of wind-driven gas-liquid transfer rate in segment 1; C 21, C 22 = coefficient of wind-driven gas-liquid transfer rate in segment 2; and C 3 = coefficient of wind-driven gas-liquid transfer rate in segment 3. The wind-driven gasliquid transfer rate formula is reasonable as a specific case of the wind-stream-driven gas-liquid transfer rate formula which has been successfully tested. In this study, the wind-driven gas-liquid transfer rate formula is considered as applicable for non-breaking wave gas-liquid transfer rate. where K La = gas-liquid transfer rate of gas a, m/s; K Lb = gas-liquid transfer rate of gas b, m/s; Sc a = Schmidt number of gas a; Sc b = Schmidt number of gas b; and x = Schmidt number dependence that is -2/3 for smooth surfaces and -1/2 for rough surfaces (Donelan, et al. 2001). The Schmidt number (Sc) is a dimensionless number which equals to v/d, with v as kinematic viscosity, a property of the material. The Schmidt number is used to characterize fluid flows with convection processes caused by simultaneous momentum and mass diffusion (Munson, 1994). With this relationship, the transfer rates of different gases including oxygen, carbon dioxide, PCBs, etc. are related. With the transfer rate of one gas, the rates of other gases can be calculated by this relationship. Thus, Substitution of Eq.2 into Eq.3 yields the wave breaking gas-liquid transfer rate for dissolved oxygen as: (4) where K Lbw = breaking wave gas-liquid transfer rate, m/s; and C bw = coefficient of breaking wave gas-liquid transfer rate. 37th Annual Mississippi Water Resources Conference 87
3 Duan, et al Bubble-mediated gas-liquid transfer rate Bubble-mediated gas transfer is an important part of the total gas transfer especially during wave breaking, dropletss, etc. It was reported that dissolved oxygen will be supersaturated by deep bubble clouds (Thorpe 1982 and 1986; Woolf and Thorpe 1991). The breaking waves entrain bubbles at high wind speeds, which increase the gas-liquid transfer rate (Memery and Merlivat, 1983; Broecker and Siems, 1984). The bubbles entrained by breaking waves were observed to greatly enhance the gas-liquid transfer rate (Farmer et al. 1993). But some studies indicated that the bubble-mediated gas transfer was at most 7% of the total gas transfer in wind-driven turbulence (Komori and Misumi 2001). Eckenfelder (1959) described the oxygen transfer in terms of Sherwood number, Reynolds number and Schmidt number: (5) where U B = bubble velocity, m/s; v = kinematic viscosity, m 2 /s; K L d B /D = Sherwood number (Sh); d B u/v = Reynolds number (Re); v/d = Schmidt number (Sc); and F = bubblemediated gas-liquid transfer rate constant coefficient. Integration of impact factors of gas-liquid transfer rate Asher and Farley (1995) showed that gas-liquid transfer rate KL could be partitioned into several components: near-surface turbulence generated by currents and nonbreaking wave (KLnw), turbulence generated by breaking waves (KLbw), and bubble-mediated transfer (KLB). If the gas concentration grade is large, the total gas-liquid transfer rate is given by: where Wc = fractional area of whitecap whitecap coverage. (6) In this study, Eq.1 is used for the calculation of KLnw; Eq.4 is used for the calculation of KLbw; and Eq.5 is used for the calculation of KLb. Substitution of Eq.1, Eq.4 and Eq.5 into Eq.6 yields the integrated gas-liquid transfer rate for the combined effects of wind, wave breaking, and bubbles as Eq.7-10 (Eq.10 has three segments) show: 88 37th Annual Mississippi Water Resources Conference
4 Conclusions An integrated gas-liquid transfer rate formula was developed in this study for the combined effects of wind, wave breaking and bubbles. The wind-driven gas-liquid transfer rate formula was used for the calculation of the non-breaking wave component K Lnw. A breaking wave gas-liquid transfer rate formula was developed for the calculation of the breaking wave component K Lbw. The bubble-mediated gas-liquid transfer rate formula developed by Eckenfelder (1959) was used for the calculation of the bubble-mediated component K Lb. All of the components except the wave breaking one are theoretical formulae. Thus, the integrated gas-liquid transfer rate formula has wide application ranges since its majority is theoretical. For further study, a theoretical wave breaking gas-liquid transfer rate formula needs to be developed. The experimental data for the combined effects of wind, wave breaking and bubbles need to be conducted to test the integrated gas-liquid transfer rate formula. Acknowledgements The writers thank Dr. Dennis D. Truax, Dr. William H. McAnally, Dr. Richard L. Stockstill, and Dr. David H. Bridges. Financial support is provided by a research grant from Kelly Gene Cook, Sr. Endowment at Mississippi State University. 37th Annual Mississippi Water Resources Conference 89
5 Duan, et al References Asher, W. E., and Farley, P. J. (1995). Phase-Doppler anemometer measurement of bubble concentrations in laboratory-simulated breaking waves, J. Geophys. Res., 100C: Broecker, H. C., Petermann, J., and Siems, W. (1978). The influence of wind on CO2-exchange in a wind-wave tunnel, including the effects of monolayers. J. Marine Res., 36, Boettcher, E. J., Fineberg, J., and Lathrop, D. P. (2000). Turbulence and Wave Breaking Effects on Air-Water gas transfer. Physical Review Letters, 85, Broecker, H. C. and Siems, W. (1984). The role of bubbles for gas transfer from water to air at higher windspeeds. Experiments in the wind-wave facility in Hamburg. Proc., Gas Transfer at Water Surfaces, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Holland, Memery, L., and Merlivat, L. (1983). Gas exchange across an air-water interface: experimental results and modelling of bubble contribution to transfer. J. Geophys. Res., 88, Peirson, W. L., and Banner, M. L. (2003). Aqueous surface layer flows induced by micro-breaking wind waves. J. Fluid Mech., 479, Thorpe, S. A. (1982). On the clouds of bubbles formed by breaking wind-waves in deep water, and their role in air-sea gas transfer. Phil. Trans. R. Soc., London, A304, Wanninkhof, R. (1992). Relationship between wind speed and gas exchange over the ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 97, Wanninkhof, R. H., and McGillis, W. R. (1999). A cubic relationship between air sea CO2 exchange and gas speed. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, Duan, Z., Martin, J. L., McAnally, W. H., and Stockstill, R. L. (2007). Combined effects of Wind and Stream on Gasliquid Transfer Rate. Under preparation. Duan, Z. and Martin, J. L. (2007). Gas-liquid transfer rate in wind-driven systems. Under preparation. Eckenfelder W. W. (1959). Factors affecting the aeration efficiency. Sewage ind. Wastes, 31, Jahne, R., Munnich, K.O., and Siegeuthaler, U. (1979). Measurements of gas exchange and momentum transfer in a circular wind-water tunnel. Tellus, 31, 321. Woolf, D. K. (1997). Bubbles and their role in gas exchange." Proc., The Sea Surface and Global Change (Liss, P. S., and Duce, R. A., eds), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Woolf, D. K. and Thorpe, S. A. (1991). Bubbles and the air-sea exchange of gases in near- saturation conditions. J. Mar. Res., 49, Zappa, C. J., Asher, W. E., and Jessup, A. T. (2001). Microscale wave breaking and air-water gas transfer. J. Geophys. Res., 106(C5), Liss, P. S., Merlivat, L. (1986). Air-sea gas exchange rates: introduction and synthesis. Proc., The Role of Air-Sea Exchange in Geochemical Cycling, Norwell, MA, th Annual Mississippi Water Resources Conference
Water oxygenation in the vicinity of coastal structures due to wave breaking C. I. Moutzouris 1 and E. I. Daniil 2
CHAPTER 228 Water oxygenation in the vicinity of coastal structures due to wave breaking C. I. Moutzouris 1 and E. I. Daniil 2 Abstract Experiments on oxygenation due to breaking waves on a uniformly sloping
More informationCh. 11 Mass transfer principles
Transport of chemical species in solid, liquid, or gas mixture Transport driven by composition gradient, similar to temperature gradients driving heat transport We will look at two mass transport mechanisms,
More informationIsotopes and Gases. Isotopes as constraints to air sea gas exchange, gas exchange time scales, the various time scales of carbon (isotope) exchange
Isotopes and Gases Isotopes as constraints to air sea gas exchange, gas exchange time scales, the various time scales of carbon (isotope) exchange Isotope effects in gas solution and molecular diffusion
More informationAir-water flux reconciliation between the atmospheric CO 2 profile and mass balance techniques
1 Air-water flux reconciliation between the atmospheric CO 2 profile and mass balance techniques Wade R. McGillis 1,2, John W. H. Dacey 3, Jonathan D. Ware 3, David T. Ho 1, Jonathan T. Bent 1, William
More informationTotal Dissolved Gas Properties and Processes. by Mike Schneider US Army Corps of Engineers Engineer Research and Development Center
Total Dissolved Gas Properties and Processes by Mike Schneider US Army Corps of Engineers Engineer Research and Development Center TDG Properties and Processes Scope of Discussion Physical Properties of
More informationVortical motions under short wind waves
Vortical motions under short wind waves X. Zhang and C. S. Cox Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD, CA 9293-23, USA Abstract The flow structures under ocean wind waves are of great significance in
More informationFirst laboratory study of air sea gas exchange at hurricane wind speeds
Ocean Sci.,, 257 265, 2014 www.ocean-sci.net//257/2014/ doi:.5194/os--257-2014 Author(s) 2014. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Ocean Science Open Access First laboratory study of air sea gas exchange at hurricane
More informationStudy on the Influencing Factors of Gas Mixing Length in Nitrogen Displacement of Gas Pipeline Kun Huang 1,a Yan Xian 2,b Kunrong Shen 3,c
Applied Mechanics and Materials Online: 2013-06-13 ISSN: 1662-7482, Vols. 321-324, pp 299-304 doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.321-324.299 2013 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland Study on the Influencing
More informationEffect of Langmuir cells on bubble dissolution and air sea gas exchange
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 115,, doi:10.1029/2010jc006203, 2010 Effect of Langmuir cells on bubble dissolution and air sea gas exchange David Chiba 1 and Burkard Baschek 1 Received 15 February
More informationIMPROVING PLANT AERATION USING GAS INFUSION TECHNOLOGY
IMPROVING PLANT AERATION USING GAS INFUSION TECHNOLOGY AERATION IN WASTEWATER Municipal sewer collection systems-odor Mgmt. Lift and transfer stations Lagoons / Retention Ponds BOD / COD treatment Enhanced
More information3. Observed initial growth of short waves from radar measurements in tanks (Larson and Wright, 1975). The dependence of the exponential amplification
Geophysica (1997), 33(2), 9-14 Laboratory Measurements of Stress Modulation by Wave Groups M.G. Skafel and M.A. Donelan* National Water Research Institute Canada Centre for Inland Waters Burlington, Ontario,
More informationLASER INDUCED FLUORESCENCE MEASUREMENTS OF CARBON DIOXIDE DISSOLUTION IN WAVE-BREAKING TURBULENCE
LASER INDUCED FLUORESCENCE MEASUREMENTS OF CARBON DIOXIDE DISSOLUTION IN WAVE-BREAKING TURBULENCE Yasunori Watanabe 1, Junichi Otsuka 2 and Ayumi Saruwatari 3 Spatial distributions of dissolved carbon
More informationBioreactor System ERT 314. Sidang /2011
Bioreactor System ERT 314 Sidang 1 2010/2011 Chapter 2:Types of Bioreactors Week 4 Flow Patterns in Agitated Tanks The flow pattern in an agitated tank depends on the impeller design, the properties of
More informationQuantification of the Effects of Turbulence in Wind on the Flutter Stability of Suspension Bridges
Quantification of the Effects of Turbulence in Wind on the Flutter Stability of Suspension Bridges T. Abbas 1 and G. Morgenthal 2 1 PhD candidate, Graduate College 1462, Department of Civil Engineering,
More informationEDUCTOR. principle of operation
EDUCTOR principle of operation condensate and mixing eductor s are designed to mix two liquids intimately in various proportions in operations where the pressure liquid is the greater proportion of the
More informationNumerical Simulations of a Train of Air Bubbles Rising Through Stagnant Water
Numerical Simulations of a Train of Air Bubbles Rising Through Stagnant Water Hong Xu, Chokri Guetari ANSYS INC. Abstract Transient numerical simulations of the rise of a train of gas bubbles in a liquid
More informationDevelopment of High-speed Gas Dissolution Device
Development of High-speed Gas Dissolution Device Yoichi Nakano*, Atsushi Suehiro**, Tetsuhiko Fujisato***, Jun Ma**** Kesayoshi Hadano****, Masayuki Fukagawa***** *Ube National College of Technology, Tokiwadai
More informationEvaluation of step s slope on energy dissipation in stepped spillway
International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 3 (4) (2014) 501-505 Science Publishing Corporation www.sciencepubco.com/index.php/ijet doi: 10.14419/ijet.v3i4.3561 Research Paper Evaluation of step
More informationThe effect of two inclined circular plunging jets on air entrainment in an aeration tank
Computational Methods in Multiphase Flow III 229 The effect of two inclined circular plunging jets on air entrainment in an aeration tank M. S. Baawain, M. Gamal El-Din & D. W. Smith Department of Civil
More informationOxygen mass transfer in a bubble column with non-newtonian fluids
Scuola Politecnica e delle Scienze di Base Department of Civil, Architectural & Environmental Engineering Master Thesis in Environmental Engineering Oxygen mass transfer in a bubble column with non-newtonian
More informationAir-sea gas transfer velocity for oxygen derived from float data
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL.???, XXXX, DOI:10.1029/, Air-sea gas transfer velocity for oxygen derived from float data C. Kihm 1, A. Körtzinger 1 Leibniz-Institut für Meereswissenschaften an der
More informationExperimental Investigation Of Flow Past A Rough Surfaced Cylinder
(AET- 29th March 214) RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS Experimental Investigation Of Flow Past A Rough Surfaced Cylinder Monalisa Mallick 1, A. Kumar 2 1 (Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute
More informationWaves, Turbulence and Boundary Layers
Waves, Turbulence and Boundary Layers George L. Mellor Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Princeton University Princeton NJ 8544-71 phone: (69) 258-657 fax: (69) 258-285 email: glm@splash.princeton.edu
More informationPHASE EQUILIBRIA: HOW TO CALCULATE OXYGEN SOLUBILITY IN CELL CULTURE MEDIUM
BE.360J/10.449J SUPPLEMENTARY HANDOUT FALL 2002 PHASE EQUILIBRIA: HOW TO CALCULATE OXYGEN SOLUBILITY IN CELL CULTURE MEDIUM 1. Phase Equilibria Introduction A collection of molecules is in equilibrium
More informationMEASUREMENT OF DISSOLVED CARBON DIOXIDE CONCENTRATION IN A SURF ZONE
MEASUREMENT OF DISSOLVED CARBON DIOXIDE CONCENTRATION IN A SURF ZONE Junichi Otsuka 1, Yasunori Watanabe 2 and Aumi Saruwatari 3 In this stud, we measured dissolved carbon dioide (D-CO 2) concentration
More informationNovelty of Mechanical Surface Aerator Using Flexible Beam to Generate Dissolved Oxygen in Water
79 UMTAS 2013 Novelty of Mechanical Surface Aerator Using Flexible Beam to Generate Dissolved Oxygen in Water Muhammad Amir Mat Shah 1,* and Badrul Aisham Md Zain 2 Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing
More informationINTERACTION BETWEEN WIND-DRIVEN AND BUOYANCY-DRIVEN NATURAL VENTILATION Bo Wang, Foster and Partners, London, UK
INTERACTION BETWEEN WIND-DRIVEN AND BUOYANCY-DRIVEN NATURAL VENTILATION Bo Wang, Foster and Partners, London, UK ABSTRACT Ventilation stacks are becoming increasingly common in the design of naturally
More informationModeling of Surfzone Bubbles Using a Multiphase VOF Model
Modeling of Surfzone Bubbles Using a Multiphase VOF Model Fengyan Shi 1, James T. Kirby 1, Merrick Haller 2, and Patricio Catalán 2 We formulate a general multiphase model representing water-bubble mixture
More informationON THE DEGASSING KINETICS IN A LADLE EQUIPPED WITH A ROTATING IMPELLER ASSISTED THROUGH PHYSICAL MODELING
ON THE DEGASSING KINETICS IN A LADLE EQUIPPED WITH A ROTATING IMPELLER ASSISTED THROUGH PHYSICAL MODELING Marco RAMÍREZ-ARGÁEZ a, Ivan TORRES a, Eudoxio RAMOS a, Carlos GONZÁLEZ a, José CAMACHO b a Facultad
More informationPrediction of the long-term insulating capacity of cyclopentane-blown polyurethane foam
Prediction of the long-term insulating capacity of cyclopentane-blown polyurethane foam Camilla Persson, Licentiate of Engineering Johan Claesson, Professor camilla.persson@chalmers.se johan.claesson@chalmers.se
More informationApplication of Simulation Technology to Mitsubishi Air Lubrication System
50 Application of Simulation Technology to Mitsubishi Air Lubrication System CHIHARU KAWAKITA *1 SHINSUKE SATO *2 TAKAHIRO OKIMOTO *2 For the development and design of the Mitsubishi Air Lubrication System
More informationGas transfer in a bubbly wake flow
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science PAPER OPEN ACCESS Gas transfer in a bubbly wake flow To cite this article: A Karn et al 2016 IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 35 012020 View the
More informationEnergy and mass transfer in gas-liquid reactors.
Energy and mass transfer in gas-liquid reactors. John M Smith School of Engineering (D2) University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK j.smith@surrey.ac.uk 1 Energy and mass transfer in gas-liquid reactors.
More informationFlow and Mixing in the Liquid between Bubbles
Excerpt from the Proceedings of the COMSOL Conference 2009 Boston Flow and Mixing in the Liquid between Bubbles Bruce A. Finlayson, Professor Emeritus of Chemical Engineering Department of Chemical Engineering,
More informationANALYSIS OF HEAT TRANSFER THROUGH EXTERNAL FINS USING CFD TOOL
ANALYSIS OF HEAT TRANSFER THROUGH EXTERNAL FINS USING CFD TOOL B. Usha Rani 1 and M.E Thermal 2 1,2 Asst.Professor, Dadi Institute of Engineering and Technology, India Abstract-The rate of heat transfer
More informationCTB3365x Introduction to Water Treatment
CTB3365x Introduction to Water Treatment W4e Aeration Merle de Kreuk There is one last thing of the biological part that needs some design. As you know, nitrifyers need oxygen, and also the heterotrophs,
More informationCHEM 355 EXPERIMENT 7. Viscosity of gases: Estimation of molecular diameter
CHEM 355 EXPERIMENT 7 Viscosity of gases: Estimation of molecular diameter Expressed most simply, the viscosity of a fluid (liquid or gas) relates to its resistance to flow. The viscosity of a gas is determined
More informationMicroscale wave breaking and air-water
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSCAL RESEARCH, VOL. 106, NO. C5, PAGES 9385-9391, MAY 15, 2001 Microscale wave breaking and air-water C.. Zappa, ' W. E. Asher, and A.T. Jessup' Applied Physics Laboratory, University
More informationNormal Cryogenic Fluid Behavior (emphasis on helium, but not superfluid, which will be covered later) Tom Peterson, SLAC January 2017
Normal Cryogenic Fluid Behavior (emphasis on helium, but not superfluid, which will be covered later), SLAC January 2017 Outline Cooling modes for superconducting devices Forced flow cooling Two-phase
More informationValidatingWindProfileEquationsduringTropicalStormDebbyin2012
Global Journal of Researches in Engineering: e Civil And Structural Engineering Volume 4 Issue Version. Year 24 Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals
More informationCTB3365x Introduction to Water Treatment
CTB3365x Introduction to Water Treatment D4b Aeration Doris van Halem Did you know that there are not just gasses in your glass of sparkling coke, but also in the tap water you drink? Welcome to the water
More informationComparison of stepped and smooth spillway effects on stream reaeration
Comparison of stepped and smooth spillway effects on stream reaeration Egemen Aras 1* and Mehmet Berkun 2 1 Gumushane University, Department of Civil Engineering, Gumushane 29100, Turkey 2 Karadeniz Technical
More informationJournal of Young Investigators Peer-reviewed, Undergraduate Science Journal
JYI Issue Three Articles: Air-Sea Gas Exchange of Nitrogen, Oxygen, Argon and Carbon... D Page 1 of 15 Journal of Young Investigators Peer-reviewed, Undergraduate Science Journal Issue Th site m Journal
More informationA07 Surfactant Induced Solubilization and Transfer Resistance in Gas-Water and Gas-Oil Systems
A07 Surfactant Induced Solubilization and Transfer Resistance in Gas-Water and Gas-Oil Systems R Farajzadeh* (TU Delft), A. Banaei (TU Delft), J. Kinkela (TU Delft), T. deloos (TU Delft), S. Rudolph (TU
More informationSolubility of the gases
Solubility of the gases The principal atmospheric gases that go into solution are oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide. All water exposed to atmosphere will have these gases in solution. Other gases in solution
More informationHigh Frequency Acoustical Propagation and Scattering in Coastal Waters
High Frequency Acoustical Propagation and Scattering in Coastal Waters David M. Farmer Graduate School of Oceanography (educational) University of Rhode Island Narragansett, RI 02882 phone: (401) 874-6222
More informationSurface Fluxes and Wind-Wave Interactions in Weak Wind Conditions
Surface Fluxes and Wind-Wave Interactions in Weak Wind Conditions Jielun Sun Microscale and Mesoscale Meteorology National Center for Atmospheric Research phone: (303) 497-8994 fax: (303) 497-8171 email:
More informationA numerical Euler-Lagrange method for bubble tower CO2 dissolution modeling
A numerical Euler-Lagrange method for bubble tower CO2 dissolution modeling Author: Daniel Legendre & Prof. Ron Zevenhoven Åbo Akademi University Thermal and Flow Engineering Laboratory Turku, Finland
More informationMicro Channel Recuperator for a Reverse Brayton Cycle Cryocooler
Micro Channel Recuperator for a Reverse Brayton Cycle Cryocooler C. Becnel, J. Lagrone, and K. Kelly Mezzo Technologies Baton Rouge, LA USA 70806 ABSTRACT The Missile Defense Agency has supported a research
More informationEFFECT OF CORNER CUTOFFS ON FLOW CHARACTERISTICS AROUND A SQUARE CYLINDER
EFFECT OF CORNER CUTOFFS ON FLOW CHARACTERISTICS AROUND A SQUARE CYLINDER Yoichi Yamagishi 1, Shigeo Kimura 1, Makoto Oki 2 and Chisa Hatayama 3 ABSTRACT It is known that for a square cylinder subjected
More informationThe Effect of Von Karman Vortex Street on Building Ventilation
The Effect of Von Karman Vortex Street on Building Ventilation P.Praveen Kumar Abstract This paper deals with the utilisation of the von Karman vortex street principle to maximise air flow into buildings.
More informationStudy on Fire Plume in Large Spaces Using Ground Heating
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia Engineering 11 (2011) 226 232 The 5 th Conference on Performance-based Fire and Fire Protection Engineering Study on Fire Plume in Large Spaces Using
More informationLecture 8 questions and answers The Biological Pump
Lecture 8 questions and answers The Biological Pump (1) How long would it take a particle of about 2micron in size and a density of 1.5 g/cm 3 to get to the bottom of the sea (4000m)? How do particles
More informationCFD Analysis ofwind Turbine Airfoil at Various Angles of Attack
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) e-issn: 2278-1684,p-ISSN: 2320-334X, Volume 13, Issue 4 Ver. II (Jul. - Aug. 2016), PP 18-24 www.iosrjournals.org CFD Analysis ofwind Turbine
More informationChapter 3 BUBBLES AS OCEANOGRAPHIC OBJECTS. find their place in the real ocean in a complex interplay. Once formed, the bubbles in the
Chapter 3 BUBBLES AS OCEANOGRAPHIC OBJECTS All physical bubble-related processes, theoretically considered in Chapter 2, find their place in the real ocean in a complex interplay. Once formed, the bubbles
More informationWind: Small Scale and Local Systems Chapter 9 Part 1
Wind: Small Scale and Local Systems Chapter 9 Part 1 Atmospheric scales of motion Scales of atmospheric circulations range from meters or less to thousands of kilometers- millions of meters Time scales
More informationA Review of the Bed Roughness Variable in MIKE 21 FLOW MODEL FM, Hydrodynamic (HD) and Sediment Transport (ST) modules
A Review of the Bed Roughness Variable in MIKE 1 FLOW MODEL FM, Hydrodynamic (HD) and Sediment Transport (ST) modules by David Lambkin, University of Southampton, UK 1 Bed roughness is considered a primary
More informationDissolved Gases other than Carbon Dioxide in Seawater
Dissolved Gases other than Carbon Dioxide in Seawater OCN 623 Chemical Oceanography 10 February 2015 Reading: Libes, Chapter 6 pp. 147-158 2015 Frank Sansone 1. Basic concepts Gas laws Gas solubility and
More informationAppendix 2. Basic physical properties applied to the respiratory system
Appendix 2. Basic physical properties applied to the respiratory system Fluid is a general definition of a state of matter characterized by a weak intermolecular connection (Van der Waal's cohesive forces),
More informationWaves, Bubbles, Noise and Underwater Communications
DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Waves, Bubbles, Noise and Underwater Communications Grant B. Deane Marine Physical Laboratory Scripps Institution of Oceanography
More informationEnergy and momentum dissipation through wave breaking
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 110,, doi:10.109/00jc0083, 005 Energy and momentum dissipation through wave breaking Shuwen Zhang and Yeli Yuan Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling,
More informationEffects of seam and surface texture on tennis balls aerodynamics
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia Engineering 34 (2012 ) 140 145 9 th Conference of the International Sports Engineering Association (ISEA) Effects of seam and surface texture on tennis
More informationCVEN 311 Fluid Dynamics Fall Semester 2011 Dr. Kelly Brumbelow, Texas A&M University. Final Exam
CVEN 311 Fluid Dynamics Fall Semester 2011 Dr. Kelly Brumbelow, Texas A&M University Final Exam 8 pages, front & back, not including reference sheets; 21 questions An excerpt from the NCEES Fundamentals
More informationCharacterizing The Surf Zone With Ambient Noise Measurements
Characterizing The Surf Zone With Ambient Noise Measurements LONG-TERM GOAL Grant Deane Marine Physical Laboratory Scripps Institution of Oceanography La Jolla, CA 93093-0213 phone: (619) 534-0536 fax:
More informationAn Overview of Wind Engineering Where Climate Meets Design
An Overview of Wind Engineering Where Climate Meets Design Presented by Derek Kelly, M.Eng., P.Eng. Principal/Project Manager www.rwdi.com RWDI Leadership & Consulting Expertise RWDI Consulting Engineers
More informationNumerical simulation of collapsing vapor bubble clusters close to a rigid wall
Introduction Numerical simulation of collapsing vapor bubble clusters close to a rigid wall 1 Daria Ogloblina*; 1 Steffen J. Schmidt; 1 Nikolaus A. Adams; 1 Institute of Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics,
More informationANALYSIS OF AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF A SUPERCRITICAL AIRFOIL FOR LOW SPEED AIRCRAFT
ANALYSIS OF AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF A SUPERCRITICAL AIRFOIL FOR LOW SPEED AIRCRAFT P.Sethunathan 1, M.Niventhran 2, V.Siva 2, R.Sadhan Kumar 2 1 Asst.Professor, Department of Aeronautical Engineering,
More informationNext Generation Modeling for Deep Water Wave Breaking and Langmuir Circulation
Next Generation Modeling for Deep Water Wave Breaking and Langmuir Circulation Eric D. Skyllingstad College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University Corvallis, OR 97331, Phone: (541)
More informationFLUID FORCE ACTING ON A CYLINDRICAL PIER STANDING IN A SCOUR
BBAA VI International Colloquium on: Bluff Bodies Aerodynamics & Applications Milano, Italy, July, 20-24 2008 FLUID FORCE ACTING ON A CYLINDRICAL PIER STANDING IN A SCOUR Takayuki Tsutsui Department of
More informationInvestigation of Thermal Effects of CO 2 on Earth-Atmosphere System
Investigation of Thermal Effects of CO 2 on Earth-Atmosphere System Design Team Michel Beguin, Tim Bevins Dan Jakiela, Frank Kuchinski Design Advisor Prof. Yiannis Levendis Abstract This Capstone Project
More informationInfluence of rounding corners on unsteady flow and heat transfer around a square cylinder
Influence of rounding corners on unsteady flow and heat transfer around a square cylinder S. K. Singh Deptt. of Mech. Engg., M. B. M. Engg. College / J. N. V. University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India Abstract
More informationNovel empirical correlations for estimation of bubble point pressure, saturated viscosity and gas solubility of crude oils
86 Pet.Sci.(29)6:86-9 DOI 1.17/s12182-9-16-x Novel empirical correlations for estimation of bubble point pressure, saturated viscosity and gas solubility of crude oils Ehsan Khamehchi 1, Fariborz Rashidi
More informationDISSOLVING AND SOLUBILITY
DISSOLVING AND SOLUBILITY QUICK REVIEW: Homogeneous mixtures: a solution of substances in which no settling occurs (looks like one thing). A solution occurs when the particles of the components slip in
More informationAn innovative technology for Coriolis metering under entrained gas conditions
An innovative technology for Coriolis metering under entrained gas conditions Coriolis mass flowmeters are usually only used for single-phase fluids, i.e. either liquids or gases, since it has been found
More informationAn Atlas of Oceanic Internal Solitary Waves (February 2004) by Global Ocean Associates Prepared for Office of Naval Research Code 322 PO
Overview The is located in the North Atlantic Ocean between southern Ireland and southwest England (Figure 1). The Sea s western edge covers a continental shelf region characterized by rough and irregular
More informationMODELING AND SIMULATION OF VALVE COEFFICIENTS AND CAVITATION CHARACTERISTICS IN A BALL VALVE
Proceedings of the 37 th International & 4 th National Conference on Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Power FMFP2010 December 16-18, 2010, IIT Madras, Chennai, India FMFP2010 341 MODELING AND SIMULATION OF VALVE
More informationLarge-eddy simulation of a turbulent buoyant helium plume
Center for Turbulence Research Annual Research Briefs 8 45 Large-eddy simulation of a turbulent buoyant helium plume By G. Blanquart AND H. Pitsch. Motivation and objectives The numerical simulation of
More informationBubble Dynamics in a Vibrating Liquid. By: James Wymer, Jaggar Henzerling, Aaron Kilgallon, Michael McIntire, Mohammed Ghallab
Bubble Dynamics in a Vibrating Liquid By: James Wymer, Jaggar Henzerling, Aaron Kilgallon, Michael McIntire, Mohammed Ghallab Background In the early 1960 s a series of rocket failures plagued leading
More informationPROPAGATION OF LONG-PERIOD WAVES INTO AN ESTUARY THROUGH A NARROW INLET
PROPAGATION OF LONG-PERIOD WAVES INTO AN ESTUARY THROUGH A NARROW INLET Takumi Okabe, Shin-ichi Aoki and Shigeru Kato Department of Civil Engineering Toyohashi University of Technology Toyohashi, Aichi,
More information1. A pure substance has a specific volume of 0.08 L/mol at a pressure of 3 atm and 298 K. The substance is most likely:
Name: September 19, 2014 EXAM 1 P a g e 1 1. A pure substance has a specific volume of 0.08 L/mol at a pressure of 3 atm and 298 K. The substance is most likely: a. Liquid b. Gas c. Supercritical Fluid
More informationEXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON THE MECHANICAL SOLICITATIONS OF THE GREENHOUSES OF VEGETABLES AND FLOWERS LOCATED ON ROOFTOPS
6 th International Conference Computational Mechanics and Virtual Engineering COMEC 2015 15-16 October 2015, Braşov, Romania EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON THE MECHANICAL SOLICITATIONS OF THE GREENHOUSES OF
More informationLaboratory studies of water column separation
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering OPEN ACCESS Laboratory studies of water column separation To cite this article: R Autrique and E Rodal 2013 IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 52
More informationThe Influence of Breaking at the Ocean Surface on Oceanic Radiance and Imaging
The Influence of Breaking at the Ocean Surface on Oceanic Radiance and Imaging W. Kendall Melville Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla, CA
More information2. Determine how the mass transfer rate is affected by gas flow rate and liquid flow rate.
Goals for Gas Absorption Experiment: 1. Evaluate the performance of packed gas-liquid absorption tower. 2. Determine how the mass transfer rate is affected by gas flow rate and liquid flow rate. 3. Consider
More informationWhat is photosynthesis? Photosynthesis II: Dissolved O2
What is photosynthesis? Photosynthesis II: Dissolved O2 Measuring air dissolved pressure oxygen inside inside an active an active photosynthetic photosynthetic Objective The purpose of this activity is
More informationBASIC PHYSICS APPLIED TO ANAESTHESIOLOGY
BASIC PHYSICS APPLIED TO ANAESTHESIOLOGY Dr.R.Selvakumar.M.D.D.A.DNB Professor of Anaesthesiology, K.A.P.Viswanatham Govt medical college, Trichy. The current practice of Anaesthesiology demands knowledge
More informationModeling Trace Gases in Hydrocarbon Seep Bubbles. Application to Marine Hydrocarbon Seeps in the Santa Barbara Channel Ira Leifer 1 and Jordan Clark 2
Russian Journal of Geology and Geophysics - Modeling Trace Gases in Hydrocarbon Seep Bubbles. Application to Marine Hydrocarbon Seeps in the Santa Barbara Channel Ira Leifer 1 and Jordan Clark 2 1 - Chemical
More informationExperimental Study of Flow around a Circular Cylinder inside a Bubble Plume
Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science, 2016, 6, 269-280 Published Online July 2016 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/aces http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/aces.2016.63027 Experimental Study of Flow
More informationENVE 301 Environmental Engineering Unit Operations
ENVE 301 Environmental Engineering Unit Operations Lecture 5 Gas Transfer, Aeration II SPRING 2014 Assist. Prof. A. Evren Tugtas Gas Transfer Examples 2 Example 1: Gas Transfer - Problems Henry s law constant
More informationWorkshop 1: Bubbly Flow in a Rectangular Bubble Column. Multiphase Flow Modeling In ANSYS CFX Release ANSYS, Inc. WS1-1 Release 14.
Workshop 1: Bubbly Flow in a Rectangular Bubble Column 14. 5 Release Multiphase Flow Modeling In ANSYS CFX 2013 ANSYS, Inc. WS1-1 Release 14.5 Introduction This workshop models the dispersion of air bubbles
More informationMODELLING AIR BUBBLE ENTRAINMENT BY PLUNGING BREAKERS
MODELLING AIR BUBBLE ENTRAINMENT BY PLUNGING BREAKERS Hubert CHANSON and Peter D. CUMMINGS Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia ABSTRACT The aeration
More informationEffect of Coiled Capillary Tube Pitch on Vapour Compression Refrigeration System Performance
Effect of Coiled Capillary Tube Pitch on Vapour Compression Refrigeration System Performance Mutalubi Aremu Akintunde Federal University of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering Akure, Ondo
More informationZIN Technologies PHi Engineering Support. PHi-RPT CFD Analysis of Large Bubble Mixing. June 26, 2006
ZIN Technologies PHi Engineering Support PHi-RPT-0002 CFD Analysis of Large Bubble Mixing Proprietary ZIN Technologies, Inc. For nearly five decades, ZIN Technologies has provided integrated products and
More informationWind Blow-out Hollow Generated in Fukiage Dune Field, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan
R. Nishi Wind Blow-out Hollow Generated in Fukiage Dune Field, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan Ryuichiro Nishi, Li Elikson and Myokhin PREFACE A sand dune is vulnerable to severe waves and wind. Therefore,
More informationA Computational Assessment of Gas Jets in a Bubbly Co-Flow 1
A Computational Assessment of Gas Jets in a Bubbly Co-Flow 1 Melissa Fronzeo*, 1 Michael Kinzel 1 The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA Abstract In this effort, Computational Fluid
More informationApplied Physics Topics 2
Applied Physics Topics 2 Dr Andrey Varvinskiy Consultant Anaesthetist Torbay Hospital, UK EDAIC Paper B Lead and Examiner TOPICS 2 Gas Laws Other Laws: Dalton, Avogadro Critical temperature Critical pressure
More informationNUMERICAL INVESTIGATION ON WATER DISCHARGE CAPABILITY OF SLUICE CAISSON OF TIDAL POWER PLANT
Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Asian and Pacific Coasts (APAC ) December 4 6,, Hong Kong, China NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION ON WATER DISCHARGE CAPABILITY OF SLUICE CAISSON OF TIDAL POWER
More informationFigure Vapor-liquid equilibrium for a binary mixture. The dashed lines show the equilibrium compositions.
Another way to view this problem is to say that the final volume contains V m 3 of alcohol at 5.93 kpa and 20 C V m 3 of air at 94.07 kpa and 20 C V m 3 of air plus alcohol at 100 kpa and 20 C Thus, the
More informationBubble Coalescence and Breakup in Gas-Liquid Stirred Tank Reactors
Bubble Coalescence and Breakup in Gas-Liquid Stirred Tank Reactors Rahman Sudiyo Background Stirred tank reactors are widely used in chemical, pharmaceutical and biochemical industries. Mass transfer between
More informationEXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF THE CONFLUENT BOUNDARY LAYER BETWEEN A FLAP AND A MAIN ELEMENT WITH SAW-TOOTHED TRAILING EDGE
24 TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF THE AERONAUTICAL SCIENCES EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF THE CONFLUENT BOUNDARY LAYER BETWEEN A FLAP AND A MAIN ELEMENT WITH SAW-TOOTHED TRAILING EDGE Lemes, Rodrigo Cristian,
More information