Contributions of film and jet drops to marine aerosols produced at the sea surface
|
|
- Allen Barker
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Tellus (1989), 418, Cotributios of film d jet drops to mrie erosols produed t the se surfe By JIN WU, AirSe Itertio Lbortory, College of Mrie Studies, Uiversity of Delwre, Lewes, Delwre 19958, USA (Musript reeived 17 November 1987; i fil form 5 My 1988) ABSTRACT Bubble popultios t the se surfe were dedued from oei mesuremets; drop produtios through the burstig of rtifiilly geerted bubbles were lso observed. Tkig these results together, otributios of film d jet drops to mrie erosols uder vrious wid veloities re estimted; they pper to osist of mily jet drops. 1. Itrodutio Air is etried ito the ersurfe oe by brekig wves. Subsequetly, ir bubbles beuse of their buoyy re retured to the se surfe d burst; those produed through frgmettio of the film p re film drops, d those, through the brekup of wter jet formed by the ollpse of the bubble vity, re jet drops (Kietzler et l., 1954; Blhrd, 1963; Dy, 1964). These drops re ssoited meteorologilly with the formtio of louds (Woodok, 195), oeogrphilly with evportio from the se (Wu, 1974), evirometlly with the erihmet of hevy metls d bteri (Due d Hoffm, 1976; Blhrd, 1978) d prtilly with dmge to ship turbies d light iterferee of guide systems (Ruski et l., 1981; Shher et l., 1981). Beuse vst umber of them be geerted by rtifiilly produed bubbles, film drops were ojetured to be the mjor otributor to mrie erosols (Ciprio d Blhrd, 1981). As poited out by Blhrd (1983), however, this lerly depeds o the size distributio of oei bubbles. Combiig reet omprehesive studies o erosols produed by ir bubbles burstig t the still wter surfe (Resh et l., 1986) d o size d oetrtio of bubbles i the ersurfe oe (Wu, 1988), we hve estimted reltive otributios of film d jet drops to the produtio of mrie erosols uder vrious wid veloities.. Summry d lysis of previous results.1. Size d oetrtio of bubbles t the se surfe Combiig reported omplemetry mesuremets of bubbles i the ersurfe oe (Kolovyev, 1976; Johso d Cooke 1979), geerl desriptio o oetrtios d sizes of bubbles t vrious depths uder wide rge of wid veloities ws proposed (Wu, 1988). From the ltter, the followig is bstrted Size distributio. Size spetr of bubbles mesured by Kolovyev (1976) d Johso d Cooke (1979) were show to follow powerlw distributio f(d) D4, (1) where f(d) is the frequey of ourree of bubbles hvig dimeter D. The bove is pplible to bubbles s smll s 1 pm i dimeter, where the size distributio is peked..1.. Vertil distributio. The vertil distributio of bubble popultios ws first suggested (Wu, 1981) to follow expoetil expressio Nz)/No = exp(z/z,), ()
2 47 I. wu where N(z) is the bubble popultio t depth, No the popultio t the se surfe, d zb legth hrterizig the vertil etrimet of bubbles. The hrteristi legth zb ws suggested to follow zb =.4, zb=o.4+.1(u]7), Ulo < 7 m si, UIo>7m s1, (3) i whih zb is expressed i m, d Ulo i m sl is the wid veloity t 1 m bove the me se surfe Wid depedey. Bubble popultios t the se surfe were dedued (Wu, 1981) from the dt of Kolovyev (1976) d Johso d Cooke (1979) over rrow rge of wid veloities; powerlw type vritio ws proposed by Wu (1981) to represet their dt. Subsequetly, vertil distributios of the ousti stterig ross setio of bubbles mesured by Thorpe (198) over wide rge of wid veloities were used to determie the surfe vlue (Wu, 1986). Cosiderig tht the bubble oetrtio d the ousti ross setio hve similr vritio with wid veloity, the followig ws suggested, No = 57 U::. (4) where No hs the dimesio of m3 d Ulo of gi m si A geerl desriptio. Futiol vritios disussed bove were the ombied to obti geerl desriptio of bubble popultios s N(z, D) = 57 u:dexp(z/zb)f(d), f(d) D4, (5) i whih zb be obtied from q. (3)... Drop produtios through bubble burstig..1. Film drops. Usig hologrphi tehique, Resh et l. (1986) observed the burstig proess of rtifiilly produed sigle bubble t the still wter surfe. They obtied from both fresh wter d sewter the distributio i spe of film drops immeditely fter the rupture of the iterfil film p. Histogrms of the umber of film drops i terms of the drop dimeter were reported for bubbles of four dimeters, D = 4, 6, 8 d 1 mm. The umber of film drops obtied by Resh et l. from se wter is replotted o logrithmi sles, isted of loglier sles s i the origi l, i Fig. l versus the dimeter of their pret bubbles. A systemti vritio ow ppers to emerge i this type of presettio; the lie fitted to the dt be pproximted by power lw whee f, is the umber of film drops produed by bubble hvig the dimeter D (mm); the subsript is tthed to idite tht these re the results obtied with rtifiil bubbles. From histogrms reported by Resh et l., we lso obtied the verge drop dimeter (df) for eh size of bubble, see Fig. lb. The film drops re see to hve overll verge dimeter of 95 pm, but irese with the dimeter of their pret bubble. The rtio betwee the filmdrop d bubble dimeter ws lso lulted d is preseted i Fig. lb; it flls i the rge of 1 1.8% d dereses s the size of bubble ireses.... Jet drops. Muh of our kowledge of jet drops ws provided by Kietzler et l. (1954), while ll the results were iely reviewed d summrized by Blhrd (1963, 1983). The dimeter of jet drops d, ws foud to rge betwee.1.15 times tht of their pret bubble, d the umber produed by sigle bubble ever exeeded 1, d deresed s the bubble dimeter iresed, s: J = 7 exp(d/3), (7) where J is the umber of jet drops produed by bubble hvig the dimeter D (mm); eq. (7) is lso illustrted i Fig. l. 3. Reltive ompositios of film d jet drops The bubble popultio t the se surfe be obtied from eq. (5) for z = s: No(D) = 57 U:b5D4, (8) where gi No(D) is expressed i m3, Ulo i m sl, d D i mm. The umber of film d jet drops produed the be foud from fno(d) d,,n( D), respetively. As for the reltive ompositios of film d jet drops, we estimte them by simply ombiig eqs. (I), (6) d (7) to obti,,,.65 Dl,8s (9) Jo 7 exp( D/3) D4,
3 I CONTRIBUTIONS OF FILM AND JT DROPS TO MARIN AROSOLS 47 1 g 3 L 1 5 B ;r 11 r 5 z 5 1 o ' I, D 15 1 i 9. I; 6 W 1 m 4 (b) df d,/d x. g? D L W g 15 ; P 3 m. 1. LL p Bubble Dimeter, D (mm) Fig. 1. Numbers d dimeters of film drops produed by bubbles of vrious sizes. The results were dedued from tht dt obtied by Resh et l. (1986). where the subsript is tthed to idite tht the size distributio of oei bubbles hs bee iorported. The results re illustrted i Fig., whih re pplible to ll wid veloities by multiplyig the umber i the digrm with 57 Ufd s show i eq. (8), to obti the bubble popultio. As show i Figs. l,, dividig dimeter of bubbles is estblished t.15 mm; below this dimeter, more jet drops re tully produed by bubbles, while more film drops re produed bove this dimeter. Note tht this dividig dimeter is ot ffeted by the size distributio of oei bubbles; the ltter oly hge the slope of urves show i Fig.. As for the totl reltive umbers of film d jet drops produed, we itegrte eq. (9) d ompre two itegrls; suh itegrtios were performed from lower limits of vrious bubble dimeters (,) to upper limit of 1 mm. Reltive otributios of film d jet drops to the produtio of mrie erosols obtied with differet lower itegrtio limits re preseted i Tble 1. It is lerly illustrted i Tble 1 tht mrie erosols produed t the se surfe osist mily of jet drops. Although more film drops re produed by lrge bubbles, D >.15 mm, there re just too my smll bubbles whih produe my more jet drops. As disussed erlier, the size distributio, o whih the preset estimte is bsed, exteds oly to bubbles s smll s 1 pm i dimeter, orrespodig to the smllest D, i Tble I. Oly the vlues ssoited with D, = 1 pm show i Tble 1 should be outed, with the others beig listed s referees. The lk of estblished size distributio for smll bubbles (D < 1 pm) does ot ffet the olusio of the preset results; s disussed erlier, the produtio of jet drops outumbered tht of film drops from smll bubbles with D<.15 mm. Note tht due to optil limittios, droplets
4 J. WU I I Tble 1. Reltive ompositios offilm d jet drops obtied from the itegrtio of eq. (9) from D, to D=lOmm Lower itegrtio Reltive ompositios of drops (%) limit, D, (mm) film drops jet drops Bubble Dimeter. D (mm) Fig. Numbers of film d jet drops produed by oei bubbles. The umbers, orrespodig to those show i eq. (9), re rbitrry. ply the most importt role i irse exhges. This view ws subsequetly hlleged by Ciprio d Blhrd (1981) o the bsis of their mesured bubble spetr produed by wter jet, d ssumed reltioship betwee film drops d pret bubbles. Suh estimte is gretly upgrded here by usig the size distributio of oei bubbles d the experimetlly determied umber of film drops produed by bubbles. Although muh still eeds to be lered bout other relevt ftors used i this kid of estimte, suh s the bubble surfe lifetime d the bubble flux spetrum, the olusio tht iitilly produed mrie erosols osist mily of jet drops is likely to be true, s the domie of jet drops is just too overwhelmig. smller th 8 pm i dimeter were ot mesured by Resh et l. (1986); the dividig dimeter my therefore shift somewht to lower vlue with more refied mesuremets. 4. Coludig remrks Beuse of their lrger sizes, it ws suggested by Blhrd d Woodok (1957) tht jet drops 5. Akowledgmets The uthor is very grteful for the sposorship of his reserh provided by the Fluid Dymis Progrm (Cotrt N1483K316) d the Oe/Atmospheri/Polr viromets Progrm (Cotrt N1487K557). Offie of Nvl Reserh. RFRNCS Blhrd, D. C The eletrifitio of the tmosphere by prtiles from bubbles i the se. Prog. Oeogr. I, 711. Blhrd, D. C Jet drop erihmet of bteri, virus, d dissolved orgi mteril. Pure d Appl. Geophys. 116, 338. Blhrd, D. C The produtio, distributio d bteril erihmet of the seslt erosol. I AirSe xhge of Gses d Prtiles (eds. P. S. Liss d W. G. N. Sli). Dordreht: D. Reidel, Blhrd, D. C. d Woodok, A. H Bubble formtio d modifitio i the se d its meteorologil sigifie. Tellus 9, Ciprio, R. J. d Blhrd, D. C Bubble d erosol spetr produed by lbortory brekig wve. J. Geophys. Res. 86, Tellus 41B (19891, 4
5 CONTRIBUTIONS OF FILM AND JT DROPS TO MARIN AROSOLS 413 Dy, J. A Produtio of droplets d slt uleii by the burstig of ir bubble films. Qurt. J. Roy. Meteorol. So. 9, 778. Due, R. A. d Hoffm,. J Chemil frtiotio t the irlse iterfe. A. Rev. rth Plet. Si. 4, Johso, 9. D. d Cooke, R. C Bubble popultios d spetr i ostl wters: photogrphi pproh. J. Geophys. Res. 84, Kietzler, C. F., Aros, A. B., Blhrd, D. C. d Woodok, A. H Ivestigtio of the projetio of droplets by bubbles burstig t wter surfe. Tellus 6, 17. Kolovyev, P. A Ivestigtio of the oetrtio d sttistil size distributio of widprodued bubbles i the ersurfe oe lyer. Oeology (gl. Trsl.) IS, Resh, F. J., Drrozes, S. J. d Afeti, G. M Mrie liquid erosol produtio from burstig of ir bubbles. J. Geophys. Res. 91, Ruski, R.., Lepple, F. K. d Jek, K. K Slt erosol survey t gs turbie ilet bord USS Sprue. Memo. Rep. 4419, Nvl Reserh Lbortory, Wshigto, D.C. Shher, G.., Dvidso, K. L., Firll, C. W. d Spiel, D Clultioofoptil extitio from erosol spetrl dt. Appl. Optis, Thorpe, S. A O the louds of bubbles formed by brekig widwves i deep wter, d their role i irse gs trsfer. Phil. Trs. Roy. So. Ld. A34, Woodok, A. H Atmospheri slt prtiles d ridrops. J. Meteorol. 9, 1. Wu, J vportio due to spry. J. Geophys. Res. 79, Wu, J Bubble popultios d spetr i ersurfe oe: Summry d review of field mesuremets. J. Geophys. Res. 86, Wu, J Whiteps, bubbles d spry. I: Oei whiteps d their role i irse exhge proesses (eds.. C. Moh d G. MNioill). Dordreht: D. Reidel Pub. Co., Wu, J Bubbles i the ersurfe oe geerl desriptio. J. Geophys. Res. 93, Tellus 419 (1989), 4
1 Measurement. What you will learn. World s largest cylindrical aquarium. Australian Curriculum Measurement and Geometry Using units of measurement
Austrlin Curriulum Mesurement nd Geometry Using units of mesurement hpter 1 Mesurement Wht you will lern 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 Conversion of units Perimeter Cirumferene Are Are of irle Surfe
More informationLesson 2 PRACTICE PROBLEMS Using Trigonometry in Any Triangle
Nme: Unit 6 Trigonometri Methods Lesson 2 PRTIE PROLEMS Using Trigonometry in ny Tringle I n utilize the Lw of Sines nd the Lw of osines to solve prolems involving indiret mesurement in non-right tringles.
More informationOptimizing Ammonia with Traps to Manage Apple Maggot in Washington Wee Yee, Research Entomologist Pete Landolt, Research Entomologist
FINAL REPORT Projet Title: PI: Co-PI: Orgniztion: Optimizing Ammoni with Trps to Mnge Apple Mggot in Wshington Wee Yee, Reserh Entomologist Pete Lndolt, Reserh Entomologist USDA-ARS, Wpto, WA Ojetives:
More informationGrade 6. Mathematics. Student Booklet SPRING 2011 RELEASED ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS. Record your answers on the Multiple-Choice Answer Sheet.
Grde 6 Assessment of Reding, Writing nd Mthemtics, Junior Division Student Booklet Mthemtics SPRING 211 RELEASED ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS Record your nswers on the Multiple-Choice Answer Sheet. Plese note:
More information6 TRIGONOMETRY TASK 6.1 TASK 6.2. hypotenuse. opposite. adjacent. opposite. hypotenuse 34. adjacent. opposite. a f
1 6 TIGONOMETY TK 6.1 In eh tringle elow, note the ngle given nd stte whether the identified side is in the orret position or not. 1. 4. opposite 41 2. djent 3. 58 63 djent 32 hypotenuse 5. 68 djent 6.
More informationMinnesota s Wild Turkey Harvest Fall 2016, Spring 2017
Minnesot s Wild Turkey Hrvest Fll 2016, Spring 2017 Lindsey Messinger Frmlnd Wildlife Popultions nd Reserch Group Minnesot Deprtment of Nturl Resources Mdeli, Minnesot 15 August 2017 Summry of Seson Structure
More informationGenerative Models and Naïve Bayes
COM4 Mhe Lerg Geertve Models d Nïve Byes Ke Che Redg: [4.3 EA] [3.5 KM] [.5.4 CMB] Outle Bkgroud d robblty Bss robblst Clssfto rple robblst dsrmtve models Geertve models d ther pplto to lssfto MA d overtg
More informationName Class Date SAMPLE. Complete the missing numbers in the sequences below. 753, ,982. The area of the shape is approximately cm 2
End of term: TEST A You will need penil. Yer 5 Nme Clss Dte 1 2 Complete the missing numers in the sequenes elow. 200 3926 4926 400 500 700 7926 753,982 553,982 Estimte the re of the shpe elow. The re
More informationChapter 31 Pythagoras theorem and trigonometry (2)
HPTR 31 86 3 The lengths of the two shortest sides of right-ngled tringle re m nd ( 3) m respetively. The length of the hypotenuse is 15 m. Show tht 2 3 108 Solve the eqution 2 3 108 Write down the lengths
More informationEffects of Ascorbic Acid and Antioxidants on Color, Lipid Oxidation and Volatiles of Irradiated Ground Beef
Animl Industry Report AS 650 ASL R1857 2004 Effets of Asori Aid nd Antioxidnts on Color, Lipid Oxidtion nd Voltiles of Irrdited Ground Beef Dong U. Ahn Iow Stte University, duhn@istte.edu K. C. Nm Iow
More informationBayesian parameter estimation. Nuno Vasconcelos UCSD
Byes prmeter estmto Nuo Vscocelos UCS Byes prmeter estmto the m dfferece wth respect to ML s tht the Byes cse Θ s rdom vrble bsc cocepts trg set {... } of emples drw depedetly probblty desty for observtos
More informationPlant Growth Regulators in Spring Wheat. Anne Kirk, Craig Linde, and Pam de Rocquigny. Manitoba Agriculture
Plnt Growth Regultors in Spring Whet Anne Kirk, Crig Linde, nd Pm de Roquigny Mnito Agriulture Lodging is mjor rop prodution issue, espeilly in high yielding environments. Yield losses n rnge from 5 to
More informationSyngenta Soybean Insecticide Screening Study Beaumont, TX 2017
I II III IV N Syngent Soyben Insecticide Screening Study Beumont, TX 2017 PLOT PLAN 20 1 LG 32 4 BX 19 8 GX 31 5 O 18 3 B 30 2 LGX 17 6 OX 29 7 G 16 1 LG 28 2 LGX 15 7 G 27 8 GX 14 3 B 26 6 OX 13 5 O 25
More informationApply the Pythagorean Theorem
8. Apply the Pythgoren Theorem The Pythgoren theorem is nmed fter the Greek philosopher nd mthemtiin Pythgors (580500 B.C.E.). Although nient texts indite tht different iviliztions understood this property
More informationIn any right-angle triangle the side opposite to the right angle is called the Label the Hypotenuse in each diagram above.
9 Ademi Mth Dte: Pythgoren Theorem RIGHT ANGLE TRIANGLE - A right tringle is tringle with one 90 0 ngle. For exmple: In ny right-ngle tringle the side opposite to the right ngle is lled the Lbel the Hypotenuse
More informationAcoustic measurements of bubbles in the wake of ship model in tank
Acoustic mesurements of bubbles in the wke of ship model in tnk A. Sutin,b, A. Benilov, H.-S. Roh nd Y.I. Nh c Stevens Institute of Technology, Cstle Point on Hudson, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA b Artnn Lbortories,
More informationIntuitive Understanding of Throughput-Delay Tradeoff in Ad hoc Wireless Networks
Ituitive Uderstdig of Throughput-Dely Trdeoff i Ad hoc Wireless Networks Term Project: EECS 557 Witer 005 by Howrd Aderso Shrutivd Shrm Outlie Itroductio Modelig of d hoc etworks Throughput-Dely trdeoff
More informationLecture Note for Open Channel Hydraulics. V F =, gl
Leture Note for Open Chnnel Hdrulis CPR HR CRIICL FLOW.. Criterion for ritil stte of flow he Froude number of ritil flow is unit F Critil Flow F, L Where men veloit of flow F< Sub Critil Flow L Chrteristi
More information8.5. Solving Equations II. Goal Solve equations by balancing.
8.5 Solvig Equatios II Goal Solve equatios by balacig. STUDENT BOOK PAGES 268 271 Direct Istructio Prerequisite Skills/Cocepts Solve a equatio by ispectio or systematic trial. Perform operatios usig itegers,
More informationQuantitative assessment of surf-produced sea spray aerosol
Quntittive ssessment of surf-produced se spry erosol Filip P. Neele', Gerrit de Leeuw', Mrtijn Jnsen2 nd Mrcel Stive2' 1TNO Physics nd Electronics Lbortory, The Hgue, The Netherlnds 2Delft Hydrulics, Delft,
More informationDEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING, THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO ECE-238L: Computer Logic Design Fall Notes - Chapter 6.
PARTMNT OF LCTRICAL AN COMPUTR NGINRING, TH UNIVRSITY OF NW MXICO C-238L: Computer Logic esig Fall 23 RGISTRS: Notes - Chapter 6 -bit Register: This is a collectio of '' -type flip flops, where each flip
More informationANNEX 1 CLASSIFICATION AND LABELLING SUMMARY TABLES
ANNEX CLASSIFICATION AND LABELLING SUMMARY TABLES ANNEX CLASSIFICATION AND LABELLING SUMMARY TABLES NOTE: The codifiction of hzrd s is further explined in Annex 3 (Section ). The hzrd re intended to be
More informationA COMPARISON OF DEGRADATION AND FAILURE-TIME ANALYSIS METHODS FOR ESTIMATING A TIME-TO-FAILURE DISTRIBUTION
Sttistic Siic 6(1996), 531-546 A COMPARISON OF DEGRADATION AND FAILURE-TIME ANALYSIS METHODS FOR ESTIMATING A TIME-TO-FAILURE DISTRIBUTION C. Joseph Lu, Willim Q. Meeker d Luis A. Escor Ntiol Cheg-Kug
More informationHypothesis testing: ANOVA Test of the equality of means among c groups. Flow-chart
Hypothesis testig: ANOVA Test of the equality of meas amog groups February 6, 200 Moez Hababou() Flow-hart Desribig iformatios Drawig olusios Foreastig Improve busiess proesses Data Colletio Probability
More informationThe z-transform. Laplace
The -Trsform Qote of the Dy Sch is the dvtge of well-costrcted lgge tht its simplified ottio ofte ecomes the sorce of profod theories. Lplce Some Specil Fctios First cosider the delt fctio or it smple
More informationAsian Journal of Food and Agro-Industry ISSN Available online at
As. J. Food Ag-Ind. 212, 5(6), 547-553 Asin Journl of Food nd Agro-Industry ISSN 196-34 Aville online t www.jofi.info Reserh Artile Physiohemil properties nd eptne of high fire red inorported with orn
More informationCopyright 1983 by ASME NEGATIVE INCIDENCE FLOW OVER A TURBINE ROTOR BLADE
THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS 345 E. 47 St., New York, N.Y. 7 83-GT-23 ^+ The Society shll not be responsible for sttements or opinions dvnced in ppers or in G discussion t meetings of the
More informationRight Triangle Trigonometry
ONDENSED LESSON 1.1 Right Tringle Trigonometr In this lesson ou will lern out the trigonometri rtios ssoited with right tringle use trigonometri rtios to find unknown side lengths in right tringle use
More informationFlow Divider / Combiner Cartridge Valves
Flow Divier / Cominer Vlves Type Pge Divie Only 9 Divier / Cominer, Close Centre 95 Synhronizing Divier / Cominer 96 Divier / Cominer, Close Centre, High 97 Int l Shortut Ctlogue #999-901-1 9 Flow Divier
More informationRepresenting polynominals with DFT (Discrete Fourier Transform) and FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) Arne Andersson
Represetig polyomils with DFT Discrete Fourier Trsform d FFT Fst Fourier Trsform Are Adersso Iformtiostekologi Polyomil A Emple: 4 Coefficiet represettio:,,,4 Poit-vlue represettio:,, 4 4... 4,,,7,, Istitutioe
More informationBayesian classification methods
Byes lssfto methods Outle Bkgroud robblty Bss robblst Clssfto Nïve Byes rple d Algorthms Emple: ly Tes Zero Codtol robblty Summry Bkgroud There re three methods to estblsh lssfer Model lssfto rule dretly
More informationModels for Predicting Average Bubble Diameter and Volumetric Bubble Flux in Deep Fluidized Beds
This is n open ccess rticle published under n ACS AuthorChoice License, which permits copying nd redistribution of the rticle or ny dpttions for non-commercil purposes. Cite This: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.
More informationThe Discussion of this exercise covers the following points: The open-loop Ziegler-Nichols method. The open-loop Ziegler-Nichols method
Exercise 6-3 Level Process Control EXERCISE OBJECTIVE In this exercise, you will perform PID control of level process. You will use the open-loop step response method to tune the controller. DISCUSSION
More informationEfficacy of Selected Insecticides Against Phormium Mealybugs on New. Zealand Flax, Phormium tenax.
1 Effiy of Seleted Insetiides Aginst Phormium Melyugs on New Zelnd Flx, Phormium tenx. Phormium tenx v. Dzler Jmes A. Bethke Pest Teh West 34920 Ornge St. Wildomr, CA. 92595 (951)-775-7172 ethkeugmn@erthlink.net
More informationERRATA for Guide for the Development of Bicycle Facilities, 4th Edition (GBF-4)
Dvid Bernhrdt, P.E., President Commissioner, Mine Deprtment of Trnsporttion Bud Wright, Executive Director 444 North Cpitol Street NW, Suite 249, Wshington, DC 20001 (202) 624-5800 Fx: (202) 624-5806 www.trnsporttion.org
More informationThe Power of 1. One Hope. One Step. One Direction. One Seed One Day. One Choice. One Habit. One voice One Moment. One Dream
Oe Directio You hve bris i your hed. You hve feet i your shoes. You c steer yourself, y directio you choose. Dr. Seuss The Power of 1 Oe Thought Oe Gol Oe Decisio Oe Seed Oe Dy Oe voice Oe Momet Oe Degree
More informationExploring Impacts of Countdown Timers on Queue Discharge Characteristics of Through Movement at Signalized Intersections
Avilble online t www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedi - Socil nd Behviorl Scienc es 96 ( 2013 ) 255 264 13th COTA Interntionl Conference of Trnsporttion Professionls (CICTP 2013) Exploring Impcts
More informationWhy? DF = 1_ EF = _ AC
Similr Tringles Then You solved proportions. (Lesson 2-) Now 1Determine whether two tringles re similr. 2Find the unknown mesures of sides of two similr tringles. Why? Simon needs to mesure the height
More informationDERA Boundary Consultation
LDF DERA Boudry Cosulttio Februry 2010 2008 Aeril ppig from the GeoIformtio Group RBC Licece No.162 Former Der Site - Logcross, Surrey The Former DERA Site- Logcross Core Strtegy Site Boudry Cosulttio
More informationSPH4U Transmission of Waves in One and Two Dimensions LoRusso
Waves travelig travellig from oe medium to aother will exhibit differet characteristics withi each medium. Rules A wave of fixed frequecy will have a shorter wavelegth whe passig from a fast medium to
More information10mm SHOWER PANEL SIZES 1000 & 1200 SIZES 500, 600, 700, 800 & 900 SIZES 1000 & 1200 OPTION 1 - PAGES 2-4 OPTION 2 - PAGES 2-5 OPTION 3 - PAGES 6-7
SHOWER PANEL 785 / Issue / 5 SIZES 5, 6, 7, 8 & 9 SIZES & SIZES & OPTION - PAGES - OPTION - PAGES - 5 OPTION 3 - PAGES 6-7 Plese red these instrutions refully nd keep for future referene. Inorret fitting
More informationnumber in a data set adds (or subtracts) that value to measures of center but does not affect measures of spread.
Lesso 3-3 Lesso 3-3 Traslatios of Data Vocabulary ivariat BIG IDEA Addig (or subtractig) the same value to every umber i a data set adds (or subtracts) that value to measures of ceter but does ot affect
More informationWorkrite Sierra HX & HXL Assembly Instructions for 3-leg Electric Workcenters
Workrite ierr HX & HXL Assemly Instrutions for 3-leg Eletri Workenters #1500216- Rev Workrite ierr HX & HXL Eletri Workenters - Assemly Instrutions for 3-leg les Rer Leg rket* Qty: 2 List of rts, grouped
More informationINVESTIGATION 2. What s the Angle?
INVESTIGATION 2 Wht s the Angle? In the previous investigtion, you lerned tht when the rigidity property of tringles is comined with the ility to djust the length of side, the opportunities for useful
More information7.2 Assess Your Understanding
538 HPTER 7 pplitions of Trigonometri Funtions 7. ssess Your Understnding re You Prepred? nswers re given t the end of these exerises. If you get wrong nswer, red the pges listed in red. 1. The differene
More informationStudy on Fish Migration through a Stone-Embedded Fish Passage Based on Preference
Journl of Wter nd Environment Technology, Vol.13, No.1, 2015 Study on Fish Migrtion through Stone-Embedded Fish ssge Bsed on reference Rin FEBRINA 1) 2), Mshiko SEKINE 2), Hiroshi KANEMOTO 2), Koichi YAMAMOTO
More informationComparison of the Nitrification Efficiencies of Three Biofilter Media in a Freshwater System
Originl Artile Fish Aqut Si 4(4), 363-369, 2 Comprison of the Nitrifition Effiienies of Three Biofilter Medi in Freshwter System Diky Hrwnto,2, Sung-Yong Oh 3 nd Je-Yoon Jo,4 * Deprtment of Fisheries Biology,
More informationWorking Paper: Reversal Patterns
Remember to welcome ll ides in trding. AND remember to reserve your opinion until you hve independently vlidted the ide! Working Pper: Reversl Ptterns Working Pper In this pper I wnt to review nd (hopefully)
More informationAHP-based tennis service technical evaluation consistency test
Avilble online.jocpr.com Journl of Chemicl nd Phrmceuticl Reserch, 0, ():7-79 Reserch Article ISSN : 097-78 CODEN(USA) : JCPRC AHP-bsed tennis service technicl evlution consistency test Mio Zhng Deprtment
More informationSCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Pertnik J. Si. & Tehnol. 5 (): 575-586 (017) SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Journl homepge: http://www.pertnik.upm.edu.my/ Smple Size nd Non-Normlity Effets on Goodness of Fit Mesures in Struturl Eqution Models
More informationLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Lwrence Berkeley Ntionl Lbortory Lwrence Berkeley Ntionl Lbortory Title THE HOT CHOCOLATE EFFECT Permlink https://escholrship.org/uc/item/9dh21770 Author Crwford, Frnk S. Publiction Dte 2013-03-13 escholrship.org
More informationCharacteristics, Expenditures, and Economic Impact of Resident and Nonresident Hunters and Anglers in North Dakota, , Season and Trends
Agriculturl Economics Report No. 389 June 1998 Chrcteristics, Expenditures, nd Economic Impct of Resident nd Nonresident Hunters nd Anglers in North Dkot, 1996-97, Seson nd Trends Tin D. Lewis Jy A. Leitch
More informationHook-up Checklist for the Ranger PM7000 (EU)
Rnger Hook-up Cheklist for the Rnger (EU) Reserh Limited Reserh Limited Step 1. Estlish type of instlltion (e.g. no. of phses). Step 2. Estlish type of trnsduers (PTs, CTs et.). Step 3. Choose one of the
More informationFrank J. Gouveia. Ron L.Baskett. This paper was prepared for submittal to the Nuclear Utility Meteorological Data Users Group Workshop (NUMUG)
UCRL- JC- 1237 17 PREPRNT COMPARSON OF DATA FROM CO-LOCATED SENSOR PACKAGES AND MPLCATONS FOR DSPERSON MODELNG: AN N STU CASE STUDY OF RUGGED VERSUS LOW-THRESHOLD ANEMOMETERS AND NATURAL-VERSUS FORCED-VENTLATON
More informationICC WORLD TWENTY ( WORLD CUP-2014 )- A CASE STUDY
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS Volume 5 Number 1 Jauary-Jue 215 ICC WORLD TWENTY2-214 ( WORLD CUP-214 )- A CASE STUDY Bhavi Patel 1 ad Pravi Bhathawala 2 1 Assistat Professor,
More informationAn Indian Journal FULL PAPER ABSTRACT KEYWORDS. Trade Science Inc. The tennis serve technology based on the AHP evaluation of consistency check
[Type text] [Type text] [Type text] ISSN : 097-7 Volume 0 Issue 0 BioTechnology 0 An Indin Journl FULL PAPER BTAIJ, 0(0), 0 [-7] The tennis serve technology bsed on the AHP evlution of consistency check
More informationTHE EFFECTS OF COUPLED INDUCTORS IN PARALLEL INTERLEAVED BUCK CONVERTERS
THE EFFECTS OF COUPED INDUCTORS IN PARAE INTEREAVED BUCK CONVERTERS Paul Seria, David Fi ad Geoff Walker pseria@itee.uq.edu.au School of Iformatio Techology ad Electrical Egieerig Uiversity of Queeslad
More informationThe Pythagorean Theorem and Its Converse Is That Right?
The Pythgoren Theorem nd Its Converse Is Tht Right? SUGGESTED LEARNING STRATEGIES: Activting Prior Knowledge, Mrking the Text, Shred Reding, Summrize/Prphrse/Retell ACTIVITY 3.6 How did Pythgors get theorem
More informationSt Ac Ex Sp TOPICS (Text and Practice Books) 4.1 Triangles and Squares Pythagoras' Theorem - -
MEP: Demonstrtion Projet UNIT 4 Trigonometry N: Shpe, Spe nd Mesures e,f St Ex Sp TOPIS (Text nd Prtie ooks) 4.1 Tringles nd Squres - - - 4. Pythgors' Theorem - - 4.3 Extending Pythgors' Theorem - - 4.4
More informationTeeJay Publishers Homework for Level C book Ch 12 - Length & Area
Chpter 12 Exerise Perentges 1 Length & Are 1. Would you use ruler, tpe mesure or r odometer to mesure : your tehers height the length of 5 note the length of your edroom d the distne from Glsgow to Crlisle?
More informationAvailable online at ScienceDirect. Procedia Engineering 113 (2015 )
Available olie at www.sciecedirect.com ScieceDirect rocedia Egieerig 3 (205 ) 30 305 Iteratioal Coferece o Oil ad Gas Egieerig, OGE-205 The twi spool efficiecy cotrol Michuri A.I. a *, Avtoomova I.V. a
More informationRHIZOCTONIA ON SUGARBEET FOLLOWING ROTATION CROPS. Carol E. Windels and Jason R. Brantner
RHIZOCTONIA ON SUGARBEET FOLLOWING ROTATION CROPS Crol E. Windels nd Json R. Brntner Professor nd Reserh Fellow, respetively University of Minnesot, Northwest Reserh nd Outreh Center, Crookston Rhizotoni
More informationA SECOND SOLUTION FOR THE RHIND PAPYRUS UNIT FRACTION DECOMPOSITIONS
Fudametal Joural of Mathematics ad Mathematical Scieces Vol., Issue, 0, Pages -55 This paper is available olie at http://www.frdit.com/ Published olie November 9, 0 A SECOND SOLUTION FOR THE RHIND PAPYRUS
More information400 Series Flat Panel Monitor Arm Rotate Mount Double Pivot P/L
User's Guide 400 Series Flt Pnel Monitor Arm Rotte Mount Doule Pivot P/L < 23ls. (10.44 kg) For the ltest User Instlltion Guide plese visit: www.ergotron.om 1 of 10 Hzrd Symols Review These symols lert
More informationAlterations of Ventilation to Perfusion Ratios Distribution
Journl of Clinicl Investigtion Vol. 44, No. 9, 1965 Altertions of Ventiltion to Perfusion Rtios Distribution Associted with Successive Clinicl Stges of Pulmonry Emphysem * CLAUDE LENFANT t AND WILLIAM
More informationTHE LATENT DEMAND METHOD
THE LATENT DEMAND METHOD Bruce W. Ladis, Russell M. Otteberg, Vekat R. Vattikuti SCI, Ic., 18115 U.S. Highway 41North, Suite 600, Lutz, FL 33549, USA Email: bladis@sciworld.et Travel patters i a metropolita
More information1 Introduction. 2 Background of the Method
CAV1: sessiona7. Vlidtion of Bubble Distribution Mesurements of the ABS Acoustic Bubble Spectrometer with High Speed Video Photogrphy G. L. Chhine, K. M. Klumuck, J-Y Cheng nd G. S. Frederick DYNAFLOW,
More informationLecture #5.1 Electromagnetic Waves During our study of classical mechanics we discussed mechanical waves. The most important everyday phenomenon to
Leture #5. Eletromageti Waves Durig our study of lassial mehais we disussed mehaial waves. The most importat everyday pheomeo to whih you a apply your kowledge of mehaial waves is distributio of soud.
More informationPhysical Processes of Tableting
Physicl Processes of Tbleting E. N. HIESTANDX, J. E. WELLS, C. B. PEOT, nd J. F. OCHS Abstrct Sher deformtion ws shown to occur during the decompression of lrge compcts mde by nonisosttic compression.
More informationbark bark bat bat Multiple Meaning Words: Kindergarten to Grade 2 More Teaching Tools at harsh sound made by a dog
the brk the brk bt bt hrsh sound mde by dog Mx, stop brking! outside cover of the trunks, brnches, nd roots of woody plnts The brk of this tree is very rough. club of wood or metl used to hit the bll in
More informationSouthwest Research-Extension Center
KSU Southwest Reserh-Extension Center INFLUENCE OF DELAYED PROCESSING AND MASS MEDICATION WITH EITHER CHLORTETRACYCLINE (CTC) OR TILMICOSIN PHOSPHATE (MICOTIL) ON HEALTH AND GROWTH OF HIGHLY STRESSED CALVES
More informationTheoretical and experimental study of foaming process with chain extended recycled PET
exess olymer Letters Vol., o. (009) 84 96 Avilble online t www.expresspolymlett.om DOI: 10.144/expresspolymlett.009.1 Theoretil nd experimentl study of foming proess with hin extended reyled ET I. oorullo
More informationGRAIN PROCESSING AND BYPRODUCT INTERACTIONS AN INDUSTRY PERSPECTIVE
GRAIN PROCESSING AND BYPRODUCT INTERACTIONS AN INDUSTRY PERSPECTIVE Roert J. Cooper Cttlemen s Nutrition Servies, LLC Linoln, NE rooper@ttleservies.om INTRODUCTION The vilility of orn milling yprouts hs
More informationLesson 8: Application Technology
The type of ppliction equipment used must suit the type of ppliction. In this module, you ll lern the prts of the most common types of ppliction equipment used by ssistnt pplictors, s well s how to properly
More informationCapacity of Shared-Short Lanes at Unsignalised Intersections
Nig Wu itle ad Abstract Author's Address apacity of Shared-Short aes at Usigalised Itersectios Nig Wu ABSA he calculatio procedures i recet highway capacity mauals do ot eactly treat ared/ort laes at usigalized
More informationSo Chic Dollhouse. Assembly Instructions Item #65078
Please retain this information for future reference So hic Dollhouse ssembly Instructions Item #65078 To order replacement parts, please visit UTION: dult assembly required. Hardware contains small screws
More informationSGP-20S SGP-25S SGP-32S SGP-40S. Price $ $ $ $ Filtered compressed air, lubricated or non-lubricated
SGP-S -JW SELF-ENTERING PRLLEL PNEUMTI GRIPPER (SERIES SGP-S) Double-ting. Ptented bklsh djusting system. High performne in ompt size. The rugged onstrution ensures trouble-free long life nd relibility
More informationDepartment of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of life Science, PO-Box N-1432 Ås, Norway.
Presenttion in session H11.5 * The ehviour of horses in different pddock sizes, with nd without exercise G.H.M. Jørgensen * & K.E. Bøe. Deprtment of Animl nd Aquculturl Sciences, Norwegin University of
More informationDesign and Calibration of Submerged Open Channel Flow Measurement Structures: Part 3 - Cutthroat Flumes
Uth Stte University DigitlCommons@USU Reports Uth Wter Reserch Lbortory Jnury 1967 Design nd Clibrtion of Submerged Open Chnnel Flow Mesurement Structures: Prt 3 - Cutthrot Flumes Gylord V. Skogerboe M.
More informationEffects of temperature, stocking density and farming conditions on fin damage in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)
Aqut. Living Resour., 349-36 (9) EDP Sienes, IFREMER, IRD 9 DOI:.5/lr/947 www.lr-journl.org Aquti Living Resoures Effets of temperture, stoking density nd frming onditions on fin dmge in Europen se ss
More informationSAMPLE EVALUATION ONLY
mesurement nd geometry topic 15 Pythgors theorem 15.1 Overview Why lern this? Pythgors ws fmous mthemtiin who lived out 2500 yers go. He is redited with eing the fi rst person to prove tht in ny rightngled
More informationFiddler s Green. by John Conolly
Fiddler s reen by John Conolly As went by dockside one evening so fir To view still wter tke slt ir herd n old fhermn singing th song Won t you tke me wy boys my time not long CHORUS: Wrp me up in me oilskin
More informationBasic Gas Spring Theory
Calculatig the iitial force The iitial force of the gas sprig ca be calculated as the sealed area of the pisto rod or the pisto (depedig o desig) multiplied by the pressure iside the gas sprig. The larger
More informationResearch Article Spatial Approach of Artificial Neural Network for Solar Radiation Forecasting: Modeling Issues
Jourl of Solr Eergy Volume 2015, Article ID 410684, 13 pges http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/410684 Reserch Article Sptil Approch of Artificil Neurl Network for Solr Rditio Forecstig: Modelig Issues Yshwt
More informationLong term biosolids experiments: Nitrogen and Organic Matter
Long term iosolis experiments: Nitrogen n Orgni Mtter Crig Cogger, Any Bry, n Liz Myhre WSU Puyllup Tll fesue experiment 1993-2011 Puyllup, Wshington 2 Biosolis tretments: ewtere lss A ke n lss A ry prout
More informationHCI Examination Please answer in Swedish or English
HCI Exmintion 02.06.04 8.45-12.45 Plese nswer in Swedish or English PLEASE HAND IN FIRST PAGE OF EXAMINATION SHEET (TES) IF YOU ANSWER MULITPLE CHOICE HERE PART I: NECESSARY FOR PASS (GODKÄNT) 1. Multiple
More informationTECHNICAL BULLETINApril 2016
SYN-86 TECHNICAL BULLETINApril 216 Synovex One-Feedlot Implnts in Feedlot Steers: Phse IIIB Studies in Nersk nd Texs Zoetis Florhm Prk, NJ 7932 Summry Two Phse IIIB studies 1,2 were conducted in feedlot
More informationChapter 5. Triangles and Vectors
www.ck12.org Chpter 5. Tringles nd Vectors 5.3 The Lw of Sines Lerning Objectives Understnd how both forms of the Lw of Sines re obtined. Apply the Lw of Sines when you know two ngles nd non-included side
More informationGeometry. Trigonometry of Right Triangles. Slide 2 / 240. Slide 1 / 240. Slide 4 / 240. Slide 3 / 240. Slide 6 / 240.
Slide 1 / 240 New Jersey enter for Tehing nd Lerning Progressive Mthemtis Inititive This mteril is mde freely ville t www.njtl.org nd is intended for the non-ommeril use of students nd tehers. These mterils
More informationTHERMOFLO FLUID PUMPS& SYSTEMS THERMOFLO FOR HEATING, COOLING AND WATER SUPPLY APPLICATIONS TO BS7074 SEALED SYSTEMS EXPANSION VESSELS PRESSURIZERS
THERMOFLO S E A L E D S Y S T E M S THERMOFLO SEALED SYSTEMS FOR HEATING, COOLING AND WATER SUPPLY APPLICATIONS TO BS7074 EXPANSION VESSELS PRESSURIZERS PUMPS& SYSTEMS WALL OR BASE MOUNTING PRESSURIZERS
More informationUniversity of California, Los Angeles Department of Statistics. Measures of central tendency and variation Data display
Uiversity of Califoria, Los Ageles Departmet of Statistics Statistics 13 Istructor: Nicolas Christou Measures of cetral tedecy Measures of cetral tedecy ad variatio Data display 1. Sample mea: Let x 1,
More informationA Measurement Framework for National Key Performance Measures
MINISTERIAL COUNCIL ON EDUCATION, EMPLOYMENT, TRAINING AND YOUTH AFFAIRS Performnce Mesurement nd Reporting Tskforce Working for qulity eduction outcomes A Mesurement Frmework for Ntionl Key Performnce
More informationTropospheric biennial oscillation of summer monsoon rainfall over East Asia and its association with ENSO
Clim Dyn (2015) 45:1747 1759 DOI 10.1007/s00382-014-2429-5 Tropospheri iennil osilltion of summer monsoon rinfll over Est Asi n its ssoition with ENSO Yunyun Liu Zeng Zhen Hu Arun Kumr Peito Peng Dn C.
More informationVB-7253 Series. Application. Features. Applicable Literature
VB-7253 Series 1/2 to 2 Screwed NPT Stinless Steel Trim with Teflon Disc Stem Up Open, Two-Wy Vlves Generl Instructions Appliction VB-7253 series single set, stem down to close, two wy vlves control wter
More informationApply the Law of Sines. You solved right triangles. You will solve triangles that have no right angle.
13.5 pply te Lw of Sines TEKS.1,.4, 2.4.; P.3.E efore Now You solved rigt tringles. You will solve tringles tt ve no rigt ngle. Wy? So you n find te distne etween frwy ojets, s in Ex. 44. Key Voulry lw
More information6E Introducing rates 6F Ratios and rates and the unitary method 6G Solving rate problems (Extending) 6H Speed (Extending)
Chpter 6 Rtios nd rtes Wht you will lern 6A Introduing rtios 6B Simplifying rtios 6C Dividing quntity in given rtio (Extending) 6D Sle drwings 6E Introduing rtes 6F Rtios nd rtes nd the unitry method 6G
More informationELIGIBILITY / LEVELS / VENUES
ELIGIBILITY / LEVELS / VENUES 10U - SQUIRT MINOR '09 & MAJOR '08 Eligibility: Top six teams i the league at each level will qualify based o regular seaso league play. Format: Divisioal crossover with semi-fial
More informationELIGIBILITY / LEVELS / VENUES
ELIGIBILITY / LEVELS / VENUES 10U - SQUIRT MINOR '09 & MAJOR '08 Eligibility: Top six teams i the league at each level will qualify based o regular seaso league play. Format: Divisioal crossover with semi-fial
More informationPILOT PROGRAM FOR THE EVALUATION OF NANOFILTRATION MEMBRANES PREPARED BY: WILMINGTON, MA ON UF PERMEATE
PILOT PROGRAM FOR THE EVALUATION OF NANOFILTRATION MEMBRANES ON UF PERMEATE PREPARED BY: KOCH MEMBRANE SYSTEMS, INC. 850 MAIN STREET WILMINGTON, MA 01887 NANOPILT. D157 INTRODUCTION This progrm will outline
More information1. Write down the ideal gas law and define all its variable and parameters. 2. Calculate the values and units of the ideal gas law constant R.
Ideal Gases Objectives:. Write dow the ideal gas law ad defie all its variable ad parameters.. Calculate the values ad uits of the ideal gas law costat R. 3. Calculate the value of oe variable,, T, or,
More information