EVALUATING AND INTERPRETING APPLICATION UNIFORMITY OF CENTER PIVOT IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
|
|
- Lisa Wood
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Page Break
2 EVALUATING AND INTERPRETING APPLICATION UNIFORMITY OF CENTER PIVOT IRRIGATION SYSTEMS With rising fuel prices it is increasingly important that irrigation systems apply water uniformly in order to achieve maximum benefit from the water applied. When irrigation systems are used to apply fertilizers and pesticides application uniformity becomes even more critical. Consequently, it is important for center pivot owners and operators to periodically check the uniformity of their systems. The uniformity of water application under a center pivot is determined by setting out cans or rain gauges along the length of the pivot and letting the system pass over them. The distance for the center of the pivot and the amount of water collected is recorded for each can or gauge. From this information, a coefficient of uniformity can be calculated. There are a number of methods for determining application uniformity, but the easiest and most widely used is the Christiansen Uniformity coefficient. The mathematical equation for the Christiansen Uniformity coefficient is: U c = 100 (1- A/B) where U c is the Christiansen Coefficient, A is the sum of the absolute value of the deviation of the average value from each individual data point, and B is the sum of the observations. A second method is the Heerman and Hein Uniformity coefficient but space will not allow discussion of this calculation. You may decide that the calculations are too cumbersome. If this is the case, a plot of the data will reveal the places along the pivot where high or low spots occur. Actual plots of the data are shown in Figures 1 and 2 to illustrate the point. In some cases it is obvious that only certain sprinklers need attention (Figure 1) while in other cases (Figure 2) it may be necessary to renozzel the pivot to correct the uniformity problem. Rain gauges, oil cans, or some other containers of uniform size may be used to perform a uniformity test. If rain gauges are used, the amount collected may be recorded directly in inches. If other containers are used the volume collected can be determined by pouring the contents into a small graduated cylinder calibrated in milliliters. This volume can be converted into inches of depth by measuring the inside diameter (in inches) of the top of the container and calculating a conversion factor as follows: C.F. = x D x D By dividing the amount of water collected in milliliters by this conversion factor, the depth in inches can be determined. Performing the test
3 Set out cans or rain gauges in a straight line from the pivot point. Place the first gauge about 150 to 200 feet from the pivot. It is not necessary to place gauges any closer to the pivot than this because the uniformity under the first tower is usually not good, and the area represented is small (less than three acres). Place gauges no more than 50 feet apart. A 10 to 30 foot spacing is preferred. Placing the gauges closer together provides a more accurate representation of the application uniformity. If the end gun will be operating, placing of cans should be extended about 150 feet past the end gun. This will ensure that the gauges are located under the full throw of the end gun. Once the gauges are in place, the pivot should be brought up to normal operating pressure and passed over the gauges completely. The speed of the pivot is not important. However, operation at normal percentage timer setting will tell the operator whether he is applying the amount of water he thinks he is. Remember that on a hot, dry day evaporation losses may be as high as 25%. If time is critical, the uniformity test may be preformed at a percentage timer setting of 100%. This will allow the pivot to pass over the gauges in a shorter period of time. After the pivot has passed over the gauges the enclosed work sheet may be used to record the distance of each gauge from the pivot and the depth or volume of water collected in each gauge. When calculating the uniformity coefficient disregard all gauges at the end of the system in which the volume of water collected begins to drop drastically. Page Break % Timer Setting: Distance to Last Tower: Travel Speed: ft. min/sec System Brand Name: Sprinkler Type: (circle one) Impact Spray Nozzle UNIFORMITY DATA Test Name: Test I.D.: Gauge Diameter: Gauge Spacing: Distance to First Gauge: Gauge No. Volume Gauge No. Volume Gauge No. Volume
4 % Timer Setting: Distance to Last Tower: Travel Speed: ft. min/sec System Brand Name: Sprinkler Type: (circle one) Impact Spray Nozzle UNIFORMITY DATA Test Name: Test ID: Gauge Diameter: Gauge Spacing: Distance to First Gauge: Gauge No. Volume Gauge No. Volume Gauge No. Volume
5
6 Page Break INTERPRETATION OF UNIFORMITY COEFFICIENTS Excellent: No changes required Good: No changes required unless a problem is obvious Fair: No improvements needed but system should be monitored closely. Below 80 Poor: Improvements needed, particularly if chemicals are to be injected. POSSIBLE CAUSES OF POOR UNIFORMITY Common Problems Clogged Nozzles Sprinklers Not Turning Inadequate System Pressure Elevation Differences Sprinkler Installed in Wrong Order End Gun Not Adjusted Properly Wrong End Gun Nozzle Correction Measures Remove and clean nozzles. Repair sprinklers. Could also be caused by inadequate pressure. Increase pressure if possible. Pressure regulators may be required. Obtain computer printout from manufacturer and install sprinklers correctly. Adjust part circle stops on end gun. Replace with correct nozzle.
7 Worn Nozzle Excessive Wind* Replace sprinkler nozzles. Check uniformity while wind velocity is low. *It is generally not recommended to inject chemicals into a center pivot system when wind velocities exceed 10 mph.
FOR WASTEWATER APPLICATIONS
Calibration of CENTER PIVOT IRRIGATION SYSTEMS FOR WASTEWATER APPLICATIONS Gary L. Hawkins...Department of Crop and Soil Sciences Wesley Porter...Department of Crop and Soil Sciences Melony Wilson...Department
More informationSTATIONARY SPRINKLER IRRIGATION SYSTEM
STATIONARY SPRINKLER North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service North Carolina State University STATIONARY SPRINKLER General Guidelines Operating an irrigation system differently than assumed in the
More informationCENTER PIVOT EVALUATION AND DESIGN
CENTER PIVOT EVALUATION AND DESIGN Dale F. Heermann Agricultural Engineer USDA-ARS 2150 Centre Avenue, Building D, Suite 320 Fort Collins, CO 80526 Voice -970-492-7410 Fax - 970-492-7408 Email - dale.heermann@ars.usda.gov
More informationTurf-Tec Precipitation and Uniformity Gauges
Turf-Tec Precipitation and Uniformity Gauges NEW Design!!! Precipitation and Uniformity Gauges can be set up in a head to head layout or in a grid pattern. Sold in a set of 16 large gauges and 4 small
More informationAgricultural Water: Part 2
Agricultural Water: Part 2 Introduction: Ag water definitions Distribution Uniformity Drip irrigation: Design Key concepts Thanks to Michael Cahn UC Cooperative Extension Monterey County ( (831) 759-7377
More informationRate Charts: Gandy Spreaders 24, 36 & 42-inch Models
Rate Charts: Gandy Spreaders 24, 36 & 42-inch Models CALIBRATION It is the responsibility of the operator to ensure that each material is properly calibrated in the applicator prior to application to the
More informationCalibrating Equipment for Aquatic Herbicide Application 1
PI236 Calibrating Equipment for Aquatic Herbicide Application 1 F.M. Fishel 2 Introduction Calibration is the process of measuring and adjusting equipment performance (Figure 1). Before applying herbicides
More informationAuditor Name: Certifying Organization: Audit Location:
Instructions Certifying Organization: Audit Location: 1 The irrigation audit must be conducted as part of a QWEL workshop or independently supervised by a QWEL certified professional. Calculations must
More informationChemical / Seed Rate Charts: Gandy Spreaders 14 Series Linear / Broadcast Applicator
Chemical / Seed Rate Charts: Gandy Spreaders 14 Series Linear / Broadcast Applicator CALIBRATION It is the responsibility of the operator to ensure that each material is properly calibrated in the applicator
More informationTXDOT DESIGNATION: TEX-922-K
Test Procedure for CALIBRATING ASPHALT DISTRIBUTION EQUIPMENT Texas Department of Transportation TxDOT Designation: Tex-922-K Effective Date: May 2009 1. SCOPE 1.1 This three-part procedure is a method
More informationTECTYL 1422S APPLICATION PROCEDURES AND TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE
Number 38 TECTYL 1422S APPLICATION PROCEDURES AND TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE Tectyl 1422S is a low VOC, high solids, solventborne corrosion preventive coating. Tectyl 1422S provides excellent protection to
More informationTXDOT DESIGNATION: TEX-922-K
Test Procedure for CALIBRATING ASPHALT DISTRIBUTION EQUIPMENT Texas Department of Transportation TxDOT Designation: Tex-922-K Effective Dates: November 2004 April 2009. 1. SCOPE 1.1 This three-part procedure
More informationIncreasing Water-Use Efficiency Using Block-Zone Design on Tees
Increasing Water-Use Efficiency Using Block-Zone Design on Tees Russell A. Geiger, CGIA, CGCS, MS Ag. Eng. Hydrologic Irrigation Design, Consulting and Engineering 9419 Crocus Court, Fort Myers, Florida
More informationCheck & Demo Shielding Gas Waste. Index
WA Technology Check & Demo Shielding Gas Waste Index Gas Volume/Pressure Relationship: Pages 1 & 2 How Stored Gas in Hose Causes Waste: Page 3 How WAT-PTD Can Demonstrate Gas Waste: Page 4 Examples of
More informationSmart Water Application Technologies (SWAT)
Smart Water Application Technologies (SWAT) Turf and Landscape Irrigation Equipment PRESSURE REGULATING SPRAY HEAD SPRINKLERS Equipment Functionality Test Testing Protocol Version 3.0 (May 2012) Developed
More informationIrrigation System Winterization and Pressurization Procedures
Irrigation System Winterization and Pressurization Procedures Introduction Any time that an irrigation system is filled and pressurized, or when the system is drained and water flushed from the system,
More informationAirblast Sprayer Calibration Worksheet
Airblast Sprayer Calibration Worksheet Edward Hellman, Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Sprayer calibration should be done at least once per season, but preferably every time there is a significant difference
More informationPesticide Applicator Safety for Structural Applicators Calculations
Pesticide Applicator Safety for Structural Applicators Pesticide Applicator Safety for Structural Applicators Calculations 1 Calibrating Pesticide Application Equipment What You'll Learn! The purpose of
More informationSPECIFIC GRAVITY AND ABSORPTION OF AGGREGATE BY VOLUMETRIC IMMERSION METHOD
Standard Method of Test for Volumetric Absorption & Specific Gravity Test Procedure SPECIFIC GRAVITY AND ABSORPTION OF AGGREGATE BY VOLUMETRIC IMMERSION METHOD AASHTO TP XXXX 1. SCOPE 1.1. This method
More information5. Find two numbers whose sum is 48 and whose product is to be a maximum.
1 Optimization Practice (4.4) 1. If 40 passengers hire a special car on a train, they will be charged $8 each. This fare will be reduced by $.10 each passenger, for each person in addition to these 40.
More informationCOPYRIGHT. Production Logging Flowmeter Survey Solution Guide
Production Logging Flowmeter Survey Solution Guide Applying Slippage & Liquid Holdup equations, solve for Q oil and Q water at 6130 ft and 6216 ft @ 6130 ft, the % ratio of flow is about 100 %, or 9190
More informationNew Zealand Piped Irrigation System Performance Assessment Code of Practice
New Zealand Piped Irrigation System Performance Assessment Code of Practice PART H: Pivot Note: This is Part H of a series of nine (Parts A I). Part H: Contents Date of Issue: February 2015 Irrigation
More information2 Available: 1390/08/02 Date of returning: 1390/08/17 1. A suction cup is used to support a plate of weight as shown in below Figure. For the conditio
1. A suction cup is used to support a plate of weight as shown in below Figure. For the conditions shown, determine. 2. A tanker truck carries water, and the cross section of the truck s tank is shown
More informationproduct manual H-2795 Roll-a-Meter
11.09 product manual H-2795 Roll-a-Meter Directions The Solution The accuracy of Roll-a-Meter results is not dependent on the correctness of all these factors, but gives directly the percent air in the
More informationVACUUM TESTING PRECAST CONCRETE MANHOLES
1 OF 5 testing is a quick, safe and practical way to validate manhole system integrity. Manhole sections can be tested at the precast concrete plant prior to delivery or on site prior to backfilling. Here
More informationMemorandum. Dr. Wilbert Odem, Dr. Paul Trotta, and Mr. Justin Ramsey. From: Timothy Mahon, Patrick Belsheim, and Ali Alrayyes.
Memorandum To: Dr. Wilbert Odem, Dr. Paul Trotta, and Mr. Justin Ramsey From: Timothy Mahon, Patrick Belsheim, and Ali Alrayyes Date: 10/17/2013 Re: Routes Decision Matrix Decision Matrix Methodology The
More informationApplication Worksheet
Application Worksheet All dimensions are nominal. Dimensions in [ ] are in millimeters. Service Conditions Medium Through Valve: Required C v : Temperature Maximum: Minimum: Normal: Flow Maximum: Minimum:
More informationPressure Compensating (PC) Spray Stakes
N E T A F I M U S A Pressure Compensating (PC) Spray Stakes Automated Watering Systems for Large Container Production Improve Plant Quality and Conserve Resources 1 or More Good Reasons to Choose Netafim
More informationBinks SG-2 Plus TM 2 QT. PRESSURE CUPS Model No (Standard) Model No (with OscillatingAgitator)
INTRODUCTION Binks SG-2 Plus TM Pressure Cup is ideal for component spraying and industrial applications where small batch production spraying is required. The 2 qt. capacity is sufficient to complete
More informationShotgun barrels and ammunition: specifications & performance
Shotgun barrels and ammunition: specifications & performance Jonathan Spencer (jms@jonathan-spencer.co.uk), copyright December 2001 1. Shot diameter, mass, and designation NOTE: English lead shot is presumed
More informationDROP SPREADER CALIBRATION PROCEDURES
DROP SPREADER CALIBRATION PROCEDURES The accurate application of lawn materials requires proper calibration of lawn spreaders of which there are two basic types: drop spreaders rotary spreaders Most professional
More informationEDUCTOR. principle of operation
EDUCTOR principle of operation condensate and mixing eductor s are designed to mix two liquids intimately in various proportions in operations where the pressure liquid is the greater proportion of the
More informationRiver Bridge - Test Shaft-1 Clarke County, MS, 4/2/2012
Page 1 of 9 The enclosed report contains the data and analysis summary for the SoniCaliper shaft caliper, performed at River Bridge (Test Shaft-1), Clarke County, MS on Monday, April 02, 2012 by Dave Jakstis.
More informationNOVALYNX CORPORATION MODEL RAIN GAUGE CALIBRATOR INSTRUCTION MANUAL
NOVALYNX CORPORATION MODEL 260-2595 RAIN GAUGE CALIBRATOR INSTRUCTION MANUAL REVISION DATE: August 2018 Receiving and Unpacking Carefully unpack all components and compare to the packing list. Notify NovaLynx
More informationIR-4 FIELD DATA BOOK
A. EQUIPMENT INSTRUCTIONS: Complete a separate form for each piece of test substance application equipment used in the trial. EQUIPMENT USED FOR APPLICATION NUMBER(S) EQUIPMENT IDENTIFIER 1 1 Each test
More informationSpecific Accreditation Criteria Calibration ISO IEC Annex. Mass and related quantities
Specific Accreditation Criteria Calibration ISO IEC 17025 Annex Mass and related quantities January 2018 Copyright National Association of Testing Authorities, Australia 2014 This publication is protected
More informationand its weight (in newtons) when located on a planet with an acceleration of gravity equal to 4.0 ft/s 2.
1.26. A certain object weighs 300 N at the earth's surface. Determine the mass of the object (in kilograms) and its weight (in newtons) when located on a planet with an acceleration of gravity equal to
More informationASTM D86 - Procedural Outline
ASTM D86 - Procedural Outline Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure The following summarizes the procedural steps required for performing
More informationDevice Description. Operating Information. CP Q (eq. 1) GT. Technical Bulletin TB-0607-CFP Hawkeye Industries Critical Flow Prover
A compressible fluid traveling at subsonic velocity through a duct of constant cross section will increase velocity when passing through a region of reduced cross-sectional area (in this case, an orifice)
More informationModule 2, Add on Lesson Depth Sensor. Teacher. 90 minutes
Module 2, Add on Lesson Depth Sensor 90 minutes Teacher Purpose of this lesson Investigate the relationship between pressure and depth Construct a sensor to measure the depth of water Graph data and reason
More informationMEMORANDUM. Investigation of Variability of Bourdon Gauge Sets in the Chemical Engineering Transport Laboratory
1 MEMORANDUM TO: FROM: Prof. Davis Hubbard Prof. Faith A. Morrison DATE: 22 April 2014 RE: Investigation of Variability of Bourdon Gauge Sets in the Chemical Engineering Transport Laboratory Introduction
More informationMET 335W Fluid Mechanics Laboratory. Lab 1: Bourdon Tube Calibration. Nick Peak
MET 335W Fluid Mechanics Laboratory Lab 1: Bourdon Tube Calibration Nick Peak January 15, 2018 Purpose The purpose of this experiment is to test the accuracy of a bourdon pressure gauge. This is accomplished
More informationEnergy Drilling Prospects
01 05 Energy Drilling Prospects Fraser Offshore Ltd is a drilling project management company. It designs, plans and drills oil wells for clients who are typically oil & gas companies or large utilities
More informationThe Discussion of this exercise covers the following points:
Exercise 5-3 Wet Reference Leg EXERCISE OBJECTIVE Learn to measure the level in a vessel using a wet reference leg. DISCUSSION OUTLINE The Discussion of this exercise covers the following points: Measuring
More informationPart A How Many Drops Are in 1 ml of Water?
Investigation: Tools and Measurements Name(s): Introduction: This investigation requires you to use various scientific tools to measure volume, mass, and dimensions of objects. The goal is to become familiar
More informationIN-PLACE DENSITY AND MOISTURE CONTENT OF SOIL AND SOIL- AGGREGATE BY NUCLEAR METHODS (SHALLOW DEPTH) FOP FOR AASHTO T 310
AND MOISTURE CONTENT OF SOIL AND SOIL- AGGREGATE BY NUCLEAR METHODS (SHALLOW DEPTH) FOP FOR AASHTO T 310 Scope This procedure covers the determination of density, moisture content, and relative compaction
More informationITW RANSBURG REA AND VECTOR
ITW RANSBURG REA AND VECTOR APPLICATORS TECHNICAL MANUAL (Replaces IL-246-A) January - 2008 ELECTROSTATIC TIC SPRAY TECHNIQUES IMPORTANT ANT: : Before using this equipment, carefully read SAFETY PRECAUTIONS,
More informationBiography. Abstract. Keywords. Body box, garments, validation, calibration, clean garments, IEST-RP-CC003.3, garment. Introduction and Scope
NEW METHOD CALIBRATION FOR CALIBRATION OF A BODY BOX [Paper presented at IEST s ESTECH 2003 Conference, Phoenix, AZ, May 18-21] Rajan Jaisinghani, Technovation Systems, Inc. Biography Rajan (Raj) Jaisinghani
More informationIdaho Fire Service Technology Pumping Apparatus Driver/Operator Skill Sheet: 1
Skill Sheet: 1 Standard 4.2.1, 4.2.2 Task: Perform and document routine test, inspection and servicing functions on specified systems and components. Performance Outcome: Given a fire department pumping
More information12-2 Area of Circles. Find the area of each circle. Round to the nearest tenth. 1. ANSWER: m 2. ANSWER: 12.6 yd 2 ANSWER: 132.
Find the area of each circle. Round to the nearest tenth. 1. 6. A motion detector at the corner of a building can detect motion outside within a radius of 20 feet as shown. Within what area can it detect
More informationGas Laws. Directions: Describe what contribution each of the Scientist below made to the Gas Laws and include there gas law equation.
Gas Laws Name Date Block Introduction One of the most amazing things about gases is that, despite wide differences in chemical properties, all the gases more or less obey the gas laws. The gas laws deal
More informationENSURING AN ACCURATE RESULT IN AN ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM PART 1: UNDERSTANDING AND MEASURING TIME DELAY
ENSURING AN ACCURATE RESULT IN AN ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM PART 1: UNDERSTANDING AND MEASURING TIME DELAY Process measurements are instantaneous, but analyzer responses never are. From the tap
More informationExercise 2-2. Second-Order Interacting Processes EXERCISE OBJECTIVE DISCUSSION OUTLINE. The actual setup DISCUSSION
Exercise 2-2 Second-Order Interacting Processes EXERCISE OBJECTIVE Familiarize yourself with second-order interacting processes and experiment with the finer points of controller tuning to gain a deeper
More informationMarch Madness Basketball Tournament
March Madness Basketball Tournament Math Project COMMON Core Aligned Decimals, Fractions, Percents, Probability, Rates, Algebra, Word Problems, and more! To Use: -Print out all the worksheets. -Introduce
More informationPneumatic Reservoir Analysis Work Sheet
Pneumatic Reservoir Analysis Work Sheet Getting Started Use a pair of dial calipers to measure the length and diameter dimensions of the: 1. End Cap 2. Threaded Boss 3. Stainless Steel Tube Record these
More information5 Gallon Pressure Pot with HVLP Spray Gun and Hose
California Air Tools 5 Gallon Pressure Pot with HVLP Spray Gun and Hose Model No. 365 Technical Data Type of feed.pressure Maximum pressure in the tank... 0,413Mpa (60PSI) Working pressure in the tank.0,
More informationThis portion of the piping tutorial covers control valve sizing, control valves, and the use of nodes.
Piping Tutorial A piping network represents the flow of fluids through several pieces of equipment. If sufficient variables (flow rate and pressure) are specified on the piping network, CHEMCAD calculates
More informationStadium Project - DP-70 Atlanta, GA, 9/30/2014
Page 1 of 13 The enclosed report contains the data and analysis summary for the SoniCaliper shaft caliper, performed at Stadium Project (DP-70), Atlanta, GA on Tuesday, September 30, 2014 by Chris Kohlhof.
More informationChartwork Learn the basics for position fixing using a number of techniques and a simple equation for speed, distance and time.
Chartwork Learn the basics for position fixing using a number of techniques and a simple equation for speed, distance and time. Chartwork Chartwork Tools Accurate chart work is the basis for good navigation.
More informationWAT305 Math Part 1 ABC Math
WAT305 Math Part 1 ABC Math Good to know for certification: You have used 35 150lb cylinders of Chlorine in 2011 how many pounds total did you use? How many pounds per month did you use? If demand is expected
More informationASPHALT PAVING LEVEL 1
ASPHALT PAVING LEVEL 1 Module 3: Yield Calculations: Tack Coat and Mix Spread Rate FDOT Course Module 3 1 Welcome the students to the third module in this course that covers tack coat and mix spread rates,
More informationRelated Rates. Instant (true at an instant)
Related Rates Name Related Rates Day 1: 1. Assume that oil spilled from a ruptured tanker spreads in a circular pattern whose area increases at a constant rate of 5 m 2 /s. How fast is the radius of the
More informationElimination of Oil Residual inside the Copper Pipe Using Ladder Technique
Engineering, 2013, 5, 8-15 http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/eng.2013.51002 Published Online January 2013 (http://www.scirp.org/journal/eng) Elimination of Oil Residual inside the Copper Pipe Using Ladder Technique
More informationWATER AUDITS of LAWN BOWLING GREENS and CROQUET COURTS. Richard A. Sanger, CLIA, CIC, CID ABSTRACT
WATER AUDITS of LAWN BOWLING GREENS and CROQUET COURTS Richard A. Sanger, CLIA, CIC, CID ABSTRACT Lawn Bowling Greens and Croquet Courts are unique when it comes to designing an efficient irrigations system.
More informationII. MATERIALS REQUIRED FOR PERFORMANCE TESTING
TSP-016 P/N L038-058 4-001 Rev. D February 8, 2000 Page 1 of 14 DISTRIBUTION: VistaLab Technologies Customers EQUIPMENT: MLA Pipettes SUBJECT: Pipette Performance Verification Protocol PURPOSE: To evaluate
More informationWaterSense Specification for Spray Sprinkler Bodies. Version 1.0
Version 1.0 September 21, 2017 WaterSense Specification for Spray Sprinkler Bodies 1.0 Scope and Objective This specification establishes the criteria for labeling bodies of spray sprinklers 1 under the
More informationValves. Controllers. Valves Two Types
Hydraulics Taking the Irritation out of Irrigation My plants are getting irrigated, so I m all set, right? Marcus Duck Academic Advisor, Instructor & Program Coordinator MSU s 2-year Horticulture Programs
More information2017 NCWSS weed contest Time:
1 2017 NCWSS weed contest Time: Written sprayer calibration test Name: School: Team: Instructions: Only host-provided calculators can be used. Time limit: 60 minutes Give answer to the number of decimal
More informationSIZING OF WATER PIPING SYSTEM
SIZING OF WATER PIPING SYSTEM (This appendix is informative and is not part of the code.) SECTION AP101 GENERAL AP101.1 Scope. AP101.1.1 This appendix outlines two procedures for sizing a water piping
More informationConstruction Dewatering
Construction Dewatering Introduction The control of groundwater is one of the most common and complicated problems encountered on a construction site. Construction dewatering can become a costly issue
More informationGCSE Mathematics Calculator Foundation Tier Free Practice Set 5 1 hour 30 minutes ANSWERS. Marks shown in brackets for each question (2)
MathsMadeEasy 3 GCSE Mathematics Calculator Foundation Tier Free Practice Set 5 1 hour 30 minutes ANSWERS Marks shown in brackets for each question Typical Grade Boundaries C D E F G 76 60 47 33 20 Legend
More informationPaper #: POWER
Proceedings of POWER2008 ASME Power 2008 July 22-24, 2008, Orlando, Florida, USA Paper #: POWER2008-60061 THE USE OF AN EDDY CURRENT INSPECTION OF BRASS TUBES IN A SURFACE CONDENSER TO PROVIDE A CONDITION
More informationGEOL 106: Earthquake Country Activity 08: Discharge Measurements. Name: Date:
Name: Date: Discharge Calculation Discharge = Velocity X Area or Q = VA Calculate the Discharge for the measurements shown at the right. Q = Discharge Measurement Do not collect water samples in the area
More informationSPREADER CALIBRATIONS MADE SIMPLE
Steve Dickinson SPREADER CALIBRATIONS ADE SIPLE Rotary spreader settings, such as Anderson s Accu Pro 2000, Scotts R8A, Spyker, Lesco, etc., are printed on some bags of fertilizer. Use these recommended
More informationWIND DATA REPORT. Bourne Water District
WIND DATA REPORT Bourne Water District July to September 2010 Prepared for Massachusetts Clean Energy Center 55 Summer Street, 9th Floor Boston, MA 02110 by Dylan Chase James F. Manwell Utama Abdulwahid
More informationPipeline Flooding, Dewatering and Venting Dr Aidan O'Donoghue, Pipeline Research Limited, Glasgow, Scotland
Pipeline Flooding, Dewatering and Venting Dr Aidan O'Donoghue, Pipeline Research Limited, Glasgow, Scotland Abstract Flooding, cleaning, gauging, dewatering and venting of offshore oil and gas pipelines
More informationLEVEL FOUR AVIATION EVALUATION PRACTICE TEST
Below you will find a practice test for the Level 4 Aviation Evaluation that covers PO431, PO432, PO436, and PO437. It is recommended that you focus on the material covered in the practice test as you
More informationConversion: Feet, Metres, Paces, Chains
Conversion: Feet, Metres, Paces, Chains Example: 1 inch = 2.54 cm 1. In our examples: 1 inch = 2.54 cm. To use algebra to find how many inches are in 140 cm: 1. Write the equivalency ratio 2. Write each
More information1. Five more than three times a number x. 3. Seventeen percent of a number x.
Pre-Calculus: 1.7.1 Mastery Practice Name: Date Period Write a mathematical expression for the quantity described verbally: 1. Five more than three times a number x. 3. Seventeen percent of a number x.
More informationPUV Wave Directional Spectra How PUV Wave Analysis Works
PUV Wave Directional Spectra How PUV Wave Analysis Works Introduction The PUV method works by comparing velocity and pressure time series. Figure 1 shows that pressure and velocity (in the direction of
More informationWIND DATA REPORT. Swan s Island, ME
WIND DATA REPORT Swan s Island, ME June 1, 2009 August 31, 2009 Prepared for US Department of Energy by Daniel T. Grip Utama Abdulwahid James F. Manwell Anthony F. Ellis September 17, 2009 Report template
More informationVBS-9263 Series. Application. Features. Applicable Literature
TAC 1354 Clifford Avenue P. O. Box 2940 Loves Park, IL 61132-2940 www.tac.com VBS-9263 Series 1/2" and 3/4" Screwed NPT 316 Stainless Steel Stem Up Closed, Two-Way Valves General Instructions Application
More informationCover Page for Lab Report Group Portion. Head Losses in Pipes
Cover Page for Lab Report Group Portion Head Losses in Pipes Prepared by Professor J. M. Cimbala, Penn State University Latest revision: 02 February 2012 Name 1: Name 2: Name 3: [Name 4: ] Date: Section
More informationOXYGEN POWER By Jack Daniels, Jimmy Gilbert, 1979
1 de 6 OXYGEN POWER By Jack Daniels, Jimmy Gilbert, 1979 Appendix A Running is primarily a conditioning sport. It is not a skill sport as is basketball or handball or, to a certain extent, swimming where
More informationBy E. Smith - BP Amoco Exploration, Sunbury, England, and J. McAleese - City University, London, England
SET POINT TESTING An investigation of safety relief valve set point testing techniques By E. Smith - BP Amoco Exploration, Sunbury, England, and J. McAleese - City University, London, England Introduction
More informationHydrostatics Physics Lab XI
Hydrostatics Physics Lab XI Objective Students will discover the basic principles of buoyancy in a fluid. Students will also quantitatively demonstrate the variance of pressure with immersion depth in
More informationExercise 4-2. Centrifugal Pumps EXERCISE OBJECTIVE DISCUSSION OUTLINE DISCUSSION. Pumps
Exercise 4-2 Centrifugal Pumps EXERCISE OBJECTIVE Familiarize yourself with the basics of liquid pumps, specifically with the basics of centrifugal pumps. DISCUSSION OUTLINE The Discussion of this exercise
More informationHow to Select and Specify Mixers for Potable Water Storage Tanks
How to Select and Specify Mixers for Potable Water Storage Tanks A Resource For Engineers and Operators Introduction Mixing in potable water storage tanks is increasingly recognized as an important factor
More informationCHAPTER 5: VACUUM TEST WITH VERTICAL DRAINS
CHAPTER 5: VACUUM TEST WITH VERTICAL DRAINS 5.1 Introduction Using surcharging as the sole soil consolidation mean can take a long time to reach the desired soil settlement. Soil consolidation using prefabricated
More informationIrrigation &Hydraulics Department lb / ft to kg/lit.
CAIRO UNIVERSITY FLUID MECHANICS Faculty of Engineering nd Year CIVIL ENG. Irrigation &Hydraulics Department 010-011 1. FLUID PROPERTIES 1. Identify the dimensions and units for the following engineering
More informationExercise 2-3. Flow Rate and Velocity EXERCISE OBJECTIVE C C C
Exercise 2-3 EXERCISE OBJECTIVE C C C To describe the operation of a flow control valve; To establish the relationship between flow rate and velocity; To operate meter-in, meter-out, and bypass flow control
More informationWIND DATA REPORT. Paxton, MA
WIND DATA REPORT Paxton, MA July 1, 2011 September 30, 2011 Prepared for Massachusetts Clean Energy Center 55 Summer Street, 9th Floor Boston, MA 02110 by Eric Morgan James F. Manwell Anthony F. Ellis
More information5. The magnitude of a vector cannot be smaller than the magnitude of any of its components. TRUE FALSE
Physics 1 Exam 2 Practice S14 Name: Show work for ANY credit. Box answers. Assume 3 significant figures! Ignore air resistance. NEATNESS COUNTS. Conceptual Questions. (2 points each) 1. A 100 g ball rolls
More informationVB-7263 Series. Application. Features. Applicable Literature
TAC 1354 Clifford Avenue P. O. Box 2940 Loves Park, IL 61132-2940 www.tac.com VB-7263 Series 1/2" to 2" Screwed NPT Stainless Steel Trim with Teflon Disc Stem Up Closed, Two-Way Valves General Instructions
More informationMONITORING AND CONTROLS. BENEFITS OF VARIABLE FREQUENCY CONVERTERS (VFDs)
MONITORING AND CONTROLS BENEFITS OF VARIABLE FREQUENCY CONVERTERS (VFDs) Need for performance regulation Irrigation conditions will change from one year to another, from one season to another season, or
More informationChapter 12 Practice Test
Chapter 12 Practice Test 1. Which of the following is not one of the conditions that must be satisfied in order to perform inference about the slope of a least-squares regression line? (a) For each value
More informationTotal Suspended Solids, Stable Flow, and Wet Weather Event Monitoring in the Unnamed Tributary to the Grand River Watershed.
Total Suspended Solids, Stable Flow, and Wet Weather Event Monitoring in the Unnamed Tributary to the Grand River Watershed December 2004 The Cadmus Group, Inc. Grand Valley State University Annis Water
More informationStats 2002: Probabilities for Wins and Losses of Online Gambling
Abstract: Jennifer Mateja Andrea Scisinger Lindsay Lacher Stats 2002: Probabilities for Wins and Losses of Online Gambling The objective of this experiment is to determine whether online gambling is a
More information5.0 Neutral Buoyancy Test
5.0 Neutral Buoyancy Test Montgolfier balloons use solar energy to heat the air inside the balloon. The balloon used for this project is made out of a lightweight, black material that absorbs the solar
More informationName Date Period. (D) 4 π. 3. One revolution per minute is about: (A) rad/s (B) rad/s (C) 0.95 rad/s (D) 1.57 rad/s (E) 6.
Name Date Period Worksheet 5.2 Applications of Angles Show all work. All answers must be given as either simplified, exact answers. A calculator is permitted unless otherwise stated. Unless stated otherwise,
More information