Health & Safety. Policy Manual RON MURPHY CONTRACTING LIMITED

Transcription

1 Health & Safety 2011 Policy Manual RON MURPHY CONTRACTING LIMITED

2 This document has been prepared for the sole use of Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd.. All employees of Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd. agree as a condition of employment to be bound by this document in its entirety. As this document is not copyrighted, Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd. assumes no responsibility or liability for use by others. If adopted by others, they do so at their own risk. 2

3 RON MURPHY CONTRACTING LIMITED OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY POLICY MANUAL TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION DESCRIPTION PAGE Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd. Health and Safety Policy Statement 5 Employee Receipt Form 6 Duties, Accountability & Responsibilities 7 1 Health and Safety Representative 8 Worker Health and Safety Representative Recommendation Form to Management 10 2 Joint Health and Safety Committees 11 3 Responsibilities: Project Manager (Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd.) Project Superintendent (Ron Murphy Contacting Ltd.) Foreman/Supervisor Worker Subcontractor/Trade Contractor Visitors, Suppliers and Consultants 21 4 Project Safety Inspections Informal Inspections Formal Inspections 24 5 Emergency Response Plan Responsibilities Hazardous Substance Release or Spill First Aid Service Ambulance Summoning Procedure Emergency Assistance Procedure Emergency Evacuation Fire Structure or Equipment Failure Emergency Response Team Site Plan 29 6 Job Hazard Analysis 30 7 Alcohol Abuse Control Policy Statement 34 8 Non-Prescription Drug Control Policy Statement 35 9 Accident/Injury Response Procedures Legal Obligations for Investigating Accidents/Injuries Responsibility for Investigating Incidents Discipline Procedure 44 Progressive Disciplinary Action Program 45 Safety Notice-Record of Progressive Disciplinary Action 46 3

4 13 Working Near Energized Electrical Cable Signal-Persons (Signaller) Trucks (Including Dump Trucks, Tractors and Trailers) LockOut/TagOut Tools Hand and Power (Electrical) Welding/Cutting Fall Arrest Protection Elevated Work Methods Determination of the Best Trade Practices for Performance of Elevated Work Safe Work Practices for Stepladders Scaffolds Rolling Scaffolds Personal Protective Equipment Fire Extinguishers Hearing Protection Heat Stress/Cold Stress Propane Hazards Confined Space Entry Program and Plan 80 Confined Space Identification/Hazard Assessment 93 Entry Permit WHMIS Designated Substances Workplace Violence & Safety Procedure Accident Package 108 Supervisor's Checklist 110 Witness Report of Accident 111 Supervisor's Report of Accident/Injury 112 Treatment Memorandum 113 Return to Work Plans 114 4

5 Safety Policy Statement Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd. is committed to preventing the accidental loss of any of its resources, including employees and physical assets. In fulfilling this commitment to protect both people and property, management will provide and maintain a safe and healthy work environment, in accordance with industry standards and in compliance with legislative requirements, and will strive to eliminate any foreseeable hazards which may result in property damage, accidents, or personal injury/illness. We recognize that the responsibility for health and safety are shared. All employees will be equally responsible for minimizing accidents within our facilities and on our work sites. Safe work practices and job procedures will be clearly defined in the company's Health and Safety Manual for all employees to follow. Accidental loss can be controlled through good management in combination with active employee involvement. Safety is the direct responsibility of all managers, supervisors, employees and contractors. All management activities will comply with company safety requirements as they relate to planning, operation and maintenance of facilties and equipment. All employees will perform their jobs properly in accordance with established procedures and safe work practices. I trust that all of you will join me in a personal commitment to make safety a way of life. Signed by: Ronald Murphy, President Date *The safety information in this policy does not take precedence over Occupational Health and Safety legislation. All employees should be familiar with the Occupational Health and Safety Act and the Regulations for Construction Projects (current edition). 5

6 Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY POLICY MANUAL Receipt Form This booklet "Occupational Health and Safety Policy Manual", represents the safety rules that must be observed by all employees to ensure a safe and healthy environment at the workplace. Safety consciousness must be part of each employees thinking when on the jobsite. Any action or unsafe attitude by any employee jeopardizes the safety of all of our employees. It is expected that each employee take every precaution to prevent unsafe acts and anticipate potential hazards. Always report any injury to your foreman/supervisor as soon as possible. To make our approach to safety more effective and uniform throughout our organization, we are providing you with a copy of this booklet. We expect you to read and understand the information herein and to fully comply, with the requirements as stated. It is expected that all our workers will work in accordance with the Occupational Health and Safety Act, its' Regulations or Safety Codes for their particular province of work. Your signature below acknowledges receipt of this booklet and your concurrence with the above stated conditions. Date Received: Employee's Name: Signature: Foreman or Project Manager: Title: Failure of any employee to follow this policy can lead to discipline up to and including discharge. Safety is everyone's responsibility, but only you can protect yourself the best. *Please return this page to your foreman. 6

7 Duties, Accountability & Responsibilities Protective Devices & Work Practices Subject Employer Supervisor Worker PROTECTIVE DEVICES ENSURE THAT: THE EQUIPMENT, MATERIALS AND PROTECTIVE DEVICES AS PRESCRIBED ARE PROVIDED: AND: THE EQUIPMENT, MATERIALS AND PROTECTIVE DEVICES PROVIDED BY HIM ARE: MAINTAINED IN GOOD CONDITION AND USED AS PRESCRIBED. SHALL ENSURE THAT: THE WORKER USES OR WEARS THE EQUIPMENT, PROTECTIVE DEVICES OR CLOTHING THAT HIS EMPLOYER REQUIRES TO BE USED OR WORN. SHALL: USE OR WEAR THE EQUIPMENT, PROTECTIVE DEVICES OR CLOTHING THAT HIS EMPLOYER REQUIRES TO BE USED OR WORN. SHALL NOT: REMOVE OR MAKE INEFFECTIVE ANY PROTECTIVE DEVICE REQUIRED BY THE REGULATIONS OR BY HIS EMPLOYER, WITHOUT PROVIDING AN ADEQUATE TEMPORARY PROTECTIVE DEVICE. WORK PRACTICES: SHALL ENSURE: THE MEASURES AND PROCEDURES PRESCRIBED ARE CARRIED OUT IN THE WORK PLACE: FURTHERMORE, ENSURE THAT THE WORKER: WORKS IN THE MANNER AND WITH THE PROTECTIVE DEVICES, MEASURES AND PROCEDURES REQUIRED B THE OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY ACT AND ITS' REGULATIONS. SHALL: WORK IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THE OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY ACT AND ITS' REGULATIONS, THIS POLICY OR THE RULES OF THE OWNER OR GENERAL CONTRACTOR. AND: WHERE SO PRESCRIBED, PROVIDE A WORKER WITH WRITTEN INSTRUCTIONS AS TO THE MEASURES AND PROCEDURES TO BE TAKEN FOR THE PROTECTION OF A WORKER. AND: WHERE SO PRESCRIBED, PROVIDE A WORKER WITH WRITTEN INSTRUCTIONS AS TO THE MEASURES AND PROCEDURES TO BE TAKEN FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE WORKER. FURTHERMORE SHALL: REPORT TO HIS SUPERVISOR OR EMPLOYER ANY ABSENCE OR DEFECTS IN ANY PROTECTIVE DEVICE. Prescribed means: In this policy, a Provincial Act or Regulation or a rule of an owner or HAZARDS: THE MEASURES AND PROCEDURES: PROCEDURES ARE CARRIED OUT IN THE WORKPLACE. WHERE SO PRESCRIBED, PROVIDE A WORKER WITH WRITTEN INSTRUCTIONS AS TO THE MEASURES AND PROCEDURES TO BE TAKEN FOR THE PROTECTION OF A WORKER. ACQUAINT WORKERS WITH THE HAZARDS OF THE WORKPLACE. THE WORKER WORKS IN THE MANNER AND WITH THE PROTECTIVE DEVICES, MEASURES AND PROCEDURES REQUIRED BY THIS ANY CONTRAVENTION OF THE OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY ACT, OR ITS REGULATIONS WHERE SO PRESCRIBED, PROVIDE A WORKER WITH WRITTEN INSTRUCTIONS AS TO THE MEASURES AND PROCEDURES TO BE TAKEN FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE WORKER. ADVISE WORKERS OF ANY POTENTIAL OR ACTUAL DANGERS OF THE WORKPLACE. SHALL: WORK IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THE ACT AND THE REGULATIONS. REPORT TO HIS SUPERVISOR OR EMPLOYER ANY ABSENCE OR DEFECTS IN ANY PROTECTIVE OR ANY CONTRAVENTION OF THE OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY ACT, OR ITS' REGULATIONS AND THE EXISTENCE OF ANY HAZARDS KNOWN TO THE WORKER. Duties, Accountability and Responsibilities Occupational health and safety is based on the Internal Responsibility System. This system gives the stakeholders specific legal duties and rights as they pertain to health and safety. These duties and rights are clearly spelled out in the Occupational Health and Safety Act. This booklet is designed to highlight and guide all employees in fulfilling their duties and responsibilities. 7

8 SECTION 1 HEALTH AND SAFETY REPRESENTATIVE SELECTION: 1. At a project or other workplaces where no committee is required under the Occupational Health and Safety Act and where the number of workers regularly exceeds five, the constructor or employer must cause the workers to select at least one (1) Health & Safety Representative from among the workers at the workplace who do not exercise managerial functions. 2. The selection must be made by the workers or by the trade union which represents them. 3. The supervisor for the project shall initiate the process of ensuring that a Health & Safety Representative is selected by the workers where required. RESPONSIBILITIES: Management shall: 1. Provide the Health & Safety Representative with any information and assistance necessary to carry out inspections and other duties in the workplace. 2. Provide adequate training for a newly selected Health & Safety Representative. 3. Respond with 21 days to any written recommendations submitted by the Health & Safety Representative. The written response must include a timetable for implementing the written recommendations or the reasons why the employer disagrees with the written recommendations. 4. Pay the Health & Safety Representative all wages for time spent to carry out his or her duties or the exercising of his or her responsibilities. Health & Safety Representative shall: 1. Inspect the workplace monthly to identify hazards using a supplied check list. Health & Safety Representative has the responsibility to: 1. Identify and report hazards to supervisors. 2. Make written recommendations to management regarding his or her findings. 3. Receive the response from management to the written recommendations within 21 days. 4. Attend and participate in Health & Safety Meetings at the workplace. 5. Assist management in the annual review of the company Health & Safety Program. 6. Help implement the company Health & Safety Program. 7. Assist the supervisor in accident investigation where a worker is killed or critically injured and then shall report his or her findings in writing to the Ministry of Labour. 8

9 8 Obtain information regarding safe work procedures from the employer or other sources. 9. Be consulted about testing procedures to ensure the validity of such testing. 9

10 Recommendation No.: Date Submitted: Recommendation: WORKER HEALTH AND SAFETY REPRESENTATIVE RECOMMENDATION FORM TO MANAGEMENT Reasons for Recommendation: Signed: Worker Health and Safety Representative 10

11 SECTION 2 JOINT HEALTH AND SAFETY COMMITTEES When Required: 1. The Employer shall ensure that a Joint Health & Safety Committee (JHSC) is established at a Workplace Head Office - where 20 or more workers are regularly employed. 2. The Constructor shall at a project where 20 or more workers are regularly employed for at least three (3) months ensure that a project JHSC is established. Note: Workplace JHSC must have "certified members" - one (1) worker representative and one (1) management representative. Project JHSC do not need "certified members" until 50 or more workers are regularly employed at the project for more than three (3) months. OFFICE WORKPLACE JHSC Composition of Office Workplace JHSC 1. A Joint Health & Safety Committee of at least four (4) people is recommended. The Committee would represent the workers at projects (2), and the office workplace (2). 2. At least half the Committee members shall be workers who do not exercise managerial functions. 3. The workers member(s) shall be selected by the workers they are to represent. 4. The employer shall select the remaining members from among workers who exercise managerial functions. 5. The employer shall post the names and work locations of committee members on a bulletin board. 6. The employer shall ensure that one (1) worker representative and one (1) management representative receive approved WSIB "Certification" training. Worker members will determine who will receive the worker member training and management members will determine the other member to be trained. Agendas and Minutes of Office Workplace JHSC 1. The JHSC will meet at least once every three (3) months. 2. The JHSC will maintain written minutes of the meetings. Management will supply a recording secretary. 3. The JHSC will appoint a person to prepare an agenda prior to each meeting. 11

12 Functions of Office Workplace JHSC 1. Conduct an inspection of the work areas monthly to identify hazards (worker member). 2. Review all monthly inspection reports (head office and projects) conducted by a worker member. 3. Review inspections and make written recommendation to management. All recommendations must be the result of a "Consensus" process. Consensus means - all parties may not totally agree but all parties can live with the decision. 4. Ensure that management responds to the written recommendations of the JHSC within 21 days as per the OHSA. 5. Determine the time needed to conduct inspections. 6. Support the implementation and proper functioning of the company safety program. 7. Assist management in the annual review of the company Health & Safety Policy and program. 8. Review accident investigation reports completed by supervisors to ensure validity and implementation of corrective actions. 9. Review committee membership to keep it representative of workforce. If a member has not attended three (3) consecutive JHSC meetings that member must be replaced. 10. Ensure that a quorum of at least a majority of members is present at each meeting, providing that at least half are worker representatives. 11. Post copies of meeting minutes on the company Health & Safety bulletin boards. 12. Ensure that the employer has posted the names of all members of the JHSC in a conspicuous location likely to come to the attention of all workers. 13. All JHSC members will be paid at the proper or premium rate for time spent doing JHSC work. 14. Designate a worker member to investigate a death or critical injury and report their findings to the JHSC and MOL. 15. In consultation with management annually review the WHMIS training program as per requirements of the WHMIS regulation. 16. Advise all workers via posting of JHSC minutes or bulletins on bulletin boards of actions taken to prevent recurrences of injuries. 17. As necessary ensure the replacement of certified members. 12

13 Committee Officers of Office - Workplace JHSC 1. The JHSC will appoint alternating chair persons between worker representatives and management representatives for a term of 6 months - 1 year. Composition of Constructor Project JHSC PROJECT JOINT HEALTH AND SAFETY COMMITTEES 1. A Joint Health & Safety Committee of at least four (4) people is recommended. The Committee would represent the workers at the project. If the workplace or project exceeds 50 workers then a minimum of four (4) committee members are required by legislation. 2. At least half the committee members shall be workers who do not exercise managerial functions. 3. The worker member(s) shall be selected by the workers they are to represent. 4. The constructor shall cause the remaining members to be selected from among workers who exercise managerial functions. 5. The constructor shall post the names and work locations of Committee members on a bulletin board. Agendas and Minutes of Constructor Project JHSC 1. The JHSC will meet quarterly. 2. The JHSC will maintain written minutes of the meetings. Management will supply a recording secretary. 3. The JHSC will appoint a person to prepare an agenda prior to each meeting. 13

14 Functions of Constructor Project JHSC 1. Conduct an inspection of the work areas monthly to identify hazards (worker member). 2. Review monthly inspection reports conducted by a worker member. 3. Review inspections and make written recommendation to management. All recommendations must be the result of a "Consensus" process. Consensus means all parties may not totally agree with the decision but all parties can live with the decisions 4. Ensure that management responds to the written recommendations of the JHSC within 21 days as per the OHSA. 5. Determine the time needed to conduct inspections. 6. Support the implementation and proper functioning of the project safety program. 7. Assist management in the annual review of the Constructor Health & Safety Policy and Program for the project. 8. Review accident investigation reports for the project completed by supervisors. 9. Review committee membership to keep it representative of workforce. If a member has not attended three (3) consecutive JHSC. 10. Ensure that a quorum of at least a majority of members is present at each meeting, providing that at least half are worker representatives. 11. Post copies of meeting minutes on the project Health & Safety bulletin boards. 12. Ensure that the constructor has posted the names of all members of the JHSC in a conspicuous location likely to come to the attention of all workers. 13. All JHSC members will be paid at the proper or premium rate for time spent doing JHSC work. 14. Designate a worker member to investigate a death or critical injury and report their findings to the JHSC and the MOL. 15. In consultation with the constructor review the WHMIS training program as per requirements of the WHMIS regulation. 16. Advise all workers via posting of JHSC minutes or bulletins on bulletin boards of actions taken to prevent recurrences of injuries. 17. As necessary ensure the replacement of certified members. Committee Officers of Constructor Project JHSC 1. The JHSC will appoint alternating chair persons between worker representatives and management representatives for a term of 6 months - 1 year. 14

15 SECTION 3 RESPONSIBILITIES This section defines the functional responsibilities of on-site personnel as well as third party companies or individuals who perform work for Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd.. All personnel have the responsibility to perform their work in compliance with Legislation, Industry Standards and this Project Safety Plan. All employees, at all levels, must continually develop, implement and maintain work habits which support and promote awareness as well as safe healthful work conditions. Reviewing, understanding and applying these standards to your day-to-day disciplines and situations are key to meeting the obligations of your responsibilities. 3.1 Project Manager Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd. Project Manager is responsible and accountable for the Safety and Loss Prevention Program on a project. The Project Manager works with the Superintendent to implement site loss control procedures. Responsibilities include: -Include safety and loss control issues on the agenda for meetings with the Owners, Consultants and Subcontractors/Trade Contractors. -Obtaining approval from engineering and safety personnel prior to commencing special activities such as heavy lists and crane manlifts. -Monitoring Subcontractor/Trade Contractor work for conformance with the Safety Plan and facilitating corrective action as required. -Confirming that Accident/Incident Investigations are conducted. -Reviewing Medical Treatment Memorandums and confirming that corrective action has been taken. -Initiating action to correct unsatisfactory safety performance. -Setting a good example. 3.2 Project Superintendent The Project Superintendent is responsible for initiating, developing and implementing the site specific Project Safety Plan with the assistance of the Project Management Team and the District Loss Prevention Supervisor. Responsibilities include: -Assisting with the project Environmental/Safety Orientation Program for new project personnel. -Directing and monitoring foremen in maintaining compliance with the Project Safety Plan. 15

16 -Monitoring the site for hazards or unsafe working conditions through personal observations. -Assisting supervisors with the on-site Pre-Job Safety Instruction Program (PSI) -Directing foremen to take prompt corrective action to stop unsafe acts and eliminate unsafe or unhealthy conditions -Reviewing project inspections with the District Loss Prevention Supervisor and Implementing corrective measures -Providing information to project personnel on applicable environmental/safety legislation and regulations -Conducting and documenting project environmental/safety inspections and submitting these to the Project Management Team and District Loss Prevention Supervisor -Reporting environmental and safety infractions to first line supervisors and monitoring implementation of corrective measures -Co-ordinating investigations of all environmental and safety incidents -Assisting supervisory staff with preparation of agenda and material for project environmental and safety committee meetings and weekly tailgate meetings -Reviewing environmental and safety-related reports and memorandums for accuracy and then forwarding, as required to the District Loss Prevention Supervisor -Verifying that site supervisors have adequately prepared their employees to act appropriately in emergency response situations -Arrange for environmental/safety education and training as required -Setting a good example -Developing and conducting worker safety orientations -The Project Superintendent will assume responsibilities of first aid attendant 3.3 Foreman/Supervisor The Foreman/Supervisor is responsible for promoting environmental/safety awareness and demonstrating to the workers, through day-to-day example and actions, that environmental and safety compliance is a top priority of the company. Responsibilities include: -Conducting task specific environmental and safety orientations for new workers prior to assignment of duties, including hazardous product instruction -Implementing/monitoring the requirements of the site specific Project Safety Plan 16

17 3.4 Worker -Providing Pre-Job Safety Instruction(s) (PSI) to workers whenever new tasks are assigned -Issuing appropriate personal protective equipment to workers as required -Developing and maintaining good housekeeping standards -Monitoring the jobsite through personal observation for environmental non-compliance or unsafe conditions/hazards and communicating these (with remedial action as required) to appropriate line supervisors or workers -Conducting a preliminary investigation upon the report of an incident or accident -Reporting results of accident/incident investigations to the Project Superintendent -Holding weekly Tailgate Safety Meetings with workers -Verifying that operators complete equipment inspection checklists -Checking that operators are qualified, fit and authorized to operate equipment or vehicles safely -Taking immediate action to correct unsatisfactory environmental/safety performance -Setting a good example All workers are responsible for safeguarding their own health and safety, and the safety of fellow workers. Responsibilities include: -Familiarizing themselves and complying with all general construction environmental/safety rules -Participating in Tailgate Safety Meetings and other related meetings -Maintaining good housekeeping in the work area(s) -Reporting unsafe acts and conditions to their foreman/supervisor -Reporting personal injuries, no matter how minor, and obtaining medical attention as required -Co-operating with, or participating in, environmental and safety incident investigations as required -Wearing adequate personal protective equipment -Attending on-site Safety Orientation meeting -Participating in the Pre-Job Safety Instruction Program (PSI) -Setting a good example 17

18 3.5 Subcontractor Responsibilities All subcontractor/employers shall: 1. Work safely in accordance with the O.H.S.A. and all applicable regulations, client, Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd. and subcontractor Health & Safety Policy and Program. 2. Be supplied with a copy of the C.S.A.O. Construction Health and Safety Manual MO 29. This will serve as a minimum standard if subcontractor, Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd. and/or client procedures do not address a specific safe work procedure. 3. Provide training to their workers in the requirements of the site safety policy and program. 4. Provide proof of worker training re: W.H.M.I.S., fall protection, and others as requested by Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd.. 5. Ensure that their workers are properly licensed, qualified as required by contract, legislation and trained for their duties. 6. Provide, inspect, and maintain necessary safety equipment as required for their direct-hire workers. 7. Notify Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd. supervision of any lost-time injuries or medical aid cases occurring on the project. 8. Conduct clean-up of work areas daily. (NOTE: If waste and debris create a hazard and are not cleaned up in a reasonable time, they will be cleaned up at the expense of the subcontractor.) 9. Conduct toolbox talks in addition to specific hazard training as requested by Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd Submit records of toolbox talks and other training records to Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd. requested. 11. Provide compensation and time necessary to workers who are selected as a Health & Safety Representative or a Joint Health & Safety Committee member if applicable. 12. Provide W.S.I.B. Certificate of Clearance to Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd. every 60 days or as requested. 13. Provide Form 1000 M.O.L. Employer Registration to Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd. as requested. This form must be posted at the project or kept readily available at the project. 14. Provide to Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd. a copy of sub-contractor Employer Health and Safety Policy and Program. This must be posted at the project or kept readily available at the project. 15. Fully comply with W.S.I.B. Ont. Reg First Aid Requirements. All subcontractors must have at all projects training first-aiders as required by this legislation. 16. Receive and review the applicable sections of Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd. Health and Safety Policy and Program Manual. 17. Return Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd. form entitled "Declaration Re: Subcontractor/Employer Adherence to Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd. Health and Safety Program" within one (1) week of receipt. 18. Ensure that all supervisors at Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd. work places have successfully completed the "Basics of supervising" course. 18

19 Subcontractors/Trade Contractors on Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd.' jobsites are responsible for the safety of their workers. Responsibilities include: - Complying with applicable environment and safety legislation. - Complying with the site specific Project Safety Plan. - Attending an on-site worker safety orientation meeting. - Providing Pre-Job Safety Instruction (P.S.I.) to workers whenever new tasks are assigned or when job conditions change. - Before commencing work, contact the Project Superintendent for instructions regarding environmental safety hazards. - Advising their workers of the site specific Project Safety Plan and verifying conformance through personal observation. - Providing education, training and enforcing the use of applicable personal protective equipment. - Reporting of all accidents and injuries and investigating lot time accidents. - Making arrangements with the Project Superintendent concerning emergency procedures. - Immediately correcting any unsafe conditions or acts observed in their jurisdiction. - Immediately reporting to the Project Superintendent any unsafe acts and conditions observed outside of their jurisdiction. - Co-operating with all loss prevention representatives having jurisdiction at the jobsite. - Contacting the Project Superintendent if they have any doubt regarding the meaning or interpretation of their site specific Project Safety Plan. - Holding a weekly tailgate meeting with their workers, documenting the meeting and submitting a copy of the minutes to the Project Superintendent. - Maintaining good housekeeping practices in their work area. - Setting a good example. 19

20 DECLARATION RE: ADHERENCE TO RON MURPHY CONTRACTING LTD. HEALTH AND SAFETY POLICY I,, in my capacity as a duly authorized signing Officer of declare that we are now in compliance (insert company name) and will continue to comply with all statutes including the Occupational Health and Safety Act and all regulations thereunder. And I further declare that we have received, read and understand Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd. Health and Safety Policy Manual and will comply with all rules and regulations prescribed in their Manual and also with all of the following: Statutory Requirements and Legislated Requirements Subcontractor/Employer Health and Safety Program Client/Owner Health and Safety Program And I hereby covenant and agree that we will indemnify and hold harmless Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd. and its officers, directors, agents and employees from and against all claims, actions, legal proceedings, demands, obligations, statutory demands, costs, legal costs (on a solicitor-and-his-own-client basis) and for damages awarded, made or claimed against Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd. arising out of or attributable to a breach by or any of our subcontractors of its (insert company name) obligations under the Occupational Health and Safety Act and any regulations thereunder. Authorized Signing Officer Date Title 20

21 3.6 Visitors, Suppliers and Consultants Visitors, suppliers and consultants are responsible for safeguarding their own health and safety and the safety of project workers. Responsibilities include: -Reporting to the project office before entry to the project site. - Participating and complying with environmental and safety directives received from Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd. Project Superintendent. - Complying with Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd. site specific Project Safety Plan. - Wearing adequate personal protective equipment. - Reporting any unsafe acts and/or unsafe conditions to the Project Superintendent which could have any negative safety or environmental consequence. - Reporting any injury sustained on the jobsite. - Setting a good example. - Safety Orientation. 21

22 GENERAL SAFETY RULES PURPOSE To provide some general guidelines for creating and maintaining a safe work environment. RESPONSIBILITY The supervisor is responsible for ensuring the policy is adhered to. The employee is responsible for following the safety rules. PROCEDURE General Rules: -All employees shall work in accordance with the Occupational Health and Safety Act Regulations where it applies. -Personal protective equipment must be worn as directed by the supervisor - hard hats, safety boots, eye protection, ear protection where necessary. -Report all injuries and accidents to your supervisor immediately. -Report any property damage, regardless of how minor. -Report any unsafe conditions or hazards which may cause the injury to yourself or a fellow employee. -No extra riders are permitted on motorized equipment.(unless training is taking place and approved by the Supervisor) -Absolutely no 'horseplay' will be permitted in work areas. -No use of alcohol or drugs will be permitted during or just prior to work or while driving company vehicles. Equipment/Machinery Operation: -Only qualified and trained employees are allowed to operate machinery or equipment. -All operating and safety manuals will be kept on file at the main office as reference material for the operators. -All machinery shall be operated with the safety of the operator and others in mind. -All equipment, tools, and vehicles shall be checked daily before and after use for fluid levels, safety devices, and operating condition. -All defects in machinery shall be reported to the supervisor upon discovery. 22

23 -All machinery will be maintained and serviced as necessary or as per maintenance schedule. -All shields, guards or other safety devices shall be kept on all equipment, or reinstalled immediately following repairs. -Tracks are to be cleaned following every shift. -The use of cell phones on the jobsite, during work periods is strictly prohibited. Cell phones shall only be used during breaks or in case of emergency. Supervisors may utilize their cell phones for company business. -Any employee using a cell phone while operating equipment will be immediately dismissed. 23

24 SECTION 4 PROJECT SAFETY INSPECTIONS Project safety inspections evaluate a project s health, safety and environmental performance and identify areas which may require improvement or modification. Inspections focus on unsafe acts and unsafe conditions and provide corrective measures before these acts or conditions cause an incident. Inspections contain two categories namely Informal and Formal. 4.1 Informal Informal inspections are not scheduled and may or may not be documented. Inspections When these are documented, the Safety Tour Report (form attached) will be completed and placed on the project safety file. Foreman/Supervisors conduct daily informed inspections through personal observations as part of their day to day disciplines. 4.2 Formal Formal inspections are scheduled, documented (on attached Safety and Loss Inspections Prevention Checklist) and follow a distribution system with one copy to be placed on the project safety file. Formal inspections identify: - Non-compliance items and locations found - The hazard classification rating system - Parties responsible for non-compliance - Corrective measures and follow-up - Inspection score achieved.1 Frequency Formal project inspections will be conducted monthly by the Project of Formal Superintendent and the District/Project Loss Prevention Supervisor (or Inspections designate)..2 Corrective All formal inspections must identify all corrective measures on the Safety and Measures Loss Prevention Checklist and the Project Superintendent (or designate) must and Follow- initial or sign off all corrective measures. The District/Loss Prevention Up Supervisor must be notified within 48 hours as to the status of corrective measures by the Project Superintendent. 24

25 SECTION 5 EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN The primary objective of the Emergency Response Plan is to minimize injuries and damage and to provide assistance to injured personnel. This project specific Emergency Response Plan outlines specific responsibilities and recommendations in dealing with an emergency or crises situation. It is imperative that the Emergency Response Plan is communicated to all personnel on site. The Emergency Response Plan must be reviewed periodically to reflect the progress of the project. 5.1 Responsibilities The following job descriptions describe the responsibilities of on-site personnel and the communications process during an emergency. These responsibilities are in addition to the duties listed in Section 3.0 of this Health and Safety Policy Manual..1 Project During the implementation of this Manual, the Project Superintendent will Superintendent inform all supervisors of their responsibilities regarding the Emergency Response Plan details as they apply to the project. The Project Superintendent will develop a drawing indicating gates, designated meeting points, control points and an emergency security program. During an emergency, the Project Superintendent assumes leadership of the emergency response team and verifies that; - The Emergency Response Plan is implemented. - The District Manager is kept informed of the situation. - The safety of all personnel is maintained by means of work stoppage evacuation, worker head counts, maintenance of site security, etc. - Appropriate steps are taken to limit loss or damage to property or equipment and that corrective action, if applicable, is taken as soon as possible. - Work is resumed when the emergency subsides..2 The foreman and subcontractor/trade contractor supervisors should be knowledgeable of the site-specific Emergency Response Plan and be prepared to assist the Project Superintendent (team leader) in the event of an emergency. The supervisors should affirm that all new or transferred employees to that project are aware of the procedures to follow during emergencies. During an emergency, the foreman assists the Project Superintendent in the control of workers safety and site security and provide assurance to the Project Superintendent that all personnel are accounted for..3 All Workers Workers must respond immediately to instructions from Ron Murphy Contracting Limited first aid attendants, supervisors and emergency response agency personnel. 25

26 If workers are witness to an accident, they should (in order): - Immediately notify their supervisor and call for first aid. - Validate that the Project Superintendent is immediately advise of the situation. If approached by the media, on-site personnel shall: - Be courteous, and explain that the company policy is to provide information in a timely and accurate fashion. - Direct enquiries to the District Manager. (The District Manager is Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd.'s official spokesperson and is to answer all media enquiries.) 5.2 Hazardous Immediately upon a release or a spill, steps should be taken to implement Substance Release the following spill plan: or Spill - Report spill to Project Manager/Superintendent. - The Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS Manual) are to be referred to for detailed procedures. - The area is to be secured. - If the release is an airborne vapour spill or a large uncontrollable spill of liquid, the local police are to be notified immediately. The police will mobilize assistance and commence public evacuation in the immediate vicinity. In most cases cleanup procedures should start as soon as possible to prevent further spread of the substance into flowing water or ground water. In an emergency, call Ontario Ministry of the Environment (24 hours) In a non-emergency situation, please call the information line at First Aid A First Aid kit will be located at the Site Office. Service First Aid kits should also be located at the Subcontractors site offices. For serious cases Subcontractors should use the nearest hospital or walk-in clinic. Each Subcontractor is to have their own certified First Aider at all times. Hospital: Ambulance: 911 Fire: 911 Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd.'s Superintendent will organize the on-site Emergency First Aid Action Plan for multiple injury situations. Each Subcontractor must participate by identifying his qualified personnel. Any trade working irregular hours must arrange for their own First Aid coverage. Trades are to sign an overtime permit if working after required hours. 26

27 5.4 Ambulance PROJECT NAME: Summoning Procedure Upon determination that an ambulance is required, the person of authority at the scene shall: 1. Designate an individual to telephone for an ambulance by dialing (911) stating: a) We have a construction related incident. b) We are located: c) Phone number is: 2. Instruct the person contacting the ambulance services to: a) State whether first aid is attending, en route or not available. b) Provide a description of the accident. c) Report back that an ambulance has been called. 3. Designate an individual to meet the ambulance at the jobsite access point. 5.5 Emergency In the event of an emergency, the following procedure shall be followed: Assistance - Workers shall immediately notify a supervisor. Procedure - Supervisors shall notify the Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd. Superintendent. - All work is to be stopped. - Immediately call for First Aid. - Obtain access to a radio or telephone and call the appropriate emergency response agency (be specified as to the nature of the emergency). - Have someone go to the site access point and await the arrival of emergency response personnel and direct them to the appropriate area on site. - Direct the emergency vehicle crew to the scene. - Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd.'s Superintendent shall notify the District Loss Prevention Supervisor or the District Manager. - Politely direct all media inquiries to the District Manager. 5.6 Emergency In the event an emergency evacuation is required, personnel will be Evacuation informed by word of mouth and the following procedure shall be followed: - All work is to be stopped. - All loads are to be lowered, if possible. - Equipment and energy sources are to be shut down. - All employees are to leave the construction site area immediately by the most direct escape route. - Employees are to report to a supervisor for a name check-off. - Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd.'s Superintendent assumes leadership of the Emergency Response Team. - Location of hazardous materials to be identified by supervisors. - Site security measures are to be established in the area as necessary to keep non-essential people well back. - Search and rescue operation will be co-ordinated by Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd. Superintendent and local authorities. 27

28 - Work is to be resumed only under the direction of Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd. Superintendent. 5.7 Fire Project Safety Policies that have been implemented state if you attempt to put out a fire in the first 30 seconds, you stand a good chance of being successful. During the first 30 seconds, emergency assistance procedures should be followed by anyone discovering or anyone being involved in a fire. Area supervisors shall respond to the following as applicable: - The fire is to be evaluated in regards to controlling it. - Necessary evacuation steps are to be taken. - The supervisory evacuation procedure is to be carried out. - Permanent elevators are not to be used unless directed. - Lights are to be left on, doors closed and windows closed but not locked. - Employees are to stay as low as possible and try to keep out of the smoke (possibly toxic). - Should clothes catch on fire, the best thing to do is drop and roll. 5.8 Structure or Should the situation arise where a structure has collapsed or equipment has Equipment been involved in an accident, the following general procedures should be Failure followed: - The normal emergency assistance procedures should be followed. - The area where the incident has occurred should be secured. - The nearest supervisors are to be notified. - People are to be kept out of the area except for those rendering medical aid. - Area utilities are to be turned off as quickly as possible, provided it is safe to do so. - Attempts to cleanup or repair should not be made until clearance has been given by the Project Superintendent. 5.9 Emergency Your on site emergency response team is: Response Team

29 5.10 Site Plan The attached Site Plan identifies the location of access gates, streets, meeting points and telephones. This Site Plan should be reviewed with all emergency response agencies such as ambulance, police and fire departments at the beginning of the project. There may be a good reason to include certain utility companies (such as local gas or electrical utilities) as part of the response team s procedure. Project management, supervisors and every employee on the project should be aware of the plan and the location of equipment and resources on the project, such as telephones, fire extinguishing equipment, first aid equipment and meeting points. 29

30 SECTION 6 JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS The purpose of our Job Hazard Analysis is to identify, control or eliminate potential or actual dangers in a job or task. Factors to be considered in assigning a priority for analysis of jobs include: - Accident frequency and severity: jobs where accidents occur frequently or where they occur infrequently but result in disabling injuries -Potential for severe injuries or illnesses: the consequences of an accident, hazardous condition, or exposure to harmful substances are potentially severe -Newly established jobs: due to lack of experience in these jobs, hazards may not be evident or anticipated -Modified jobs: new hazards may be associated with changes in job procedures -Infrequently performed jobs: workers may be at greater risk when undertaking non-routine jobs, and a Job Hazard Analysis provides means of reviewing hazards Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd. management and supervision is responsible for ensuring all work is safely planned; the Job Hazard Analysis will assist in determining firstly, what are the steps in the job; secondly, what are the potential hazards in the job; and finally, what are the protective measures for the safety of our worker(s) assigned to do the non-routine work. Procedure for Completing a Job Hazard Analysis Breakdown of Job Steps -Job or task identified for analysis by supervisor -Supervisor overseeing the job breaks into steps (with assistance from crew members, H&S rep, etc) -A job step is defined as a segment of the operation necessary to advance the work -Keep the steps in the correct sequence Identify Actual/Potential Hazards (refer to checklist) Once the basic steps have been recorded, potential hazards must be identified at each step. This is based on observation of the job, knowledge of accident and injury causes, and personal experience. To identify potential hazards, the supervisor may use questions such as these (this is not a complete list): 1. Can any body part get caught in or between objects? 2. Do tools, machines or equipment present any hazards? 3. Can the worker make harmful contact with objects? 4. Can the worker slip, trip or fall? 5. Can the worker suffer strain from lifting, pushing or pulling? 6. Is the worker exposed to extreme heat or cold? 7. Is excessive noise or vibration a problem? 8. Is there a danger from falling objects? 9. Is lighting a problem? 10. Can weather conditions affect safety? 11. Is harmful radiation a possibility? 12. Can contact be made with hot, toxic or caustic substances? 13. Are there dusts, fumes, mists or vapours in the air? 30

31 Preventative Measures/Controls The final stage in a Job Hazard Analysis is to determine ways to eliminate or control the hazards identified. Eliminate the Hazard This is the most effective measure, some examples are: -Choose a different process -Modify an existing process -Substitute with less hazardous substance -Improve environment (ventilation) -Modify or change equipment or tools Contain the Hazard If the hazard cannot be eliminated, contact might be prevented by using enclosures, machine guards, worker booths or similar devices. Revise Work Procedure Consideration might be given to modifying steps that are hazardous, changing the sequence of steps or adding additional steps (such as locking out energy sources). Reduce the Exposure These measures are the least effective and should only be used if no other solutions are possible. One way to minimizing exposure is to reduce the number of times the hazard is encountered. Communication of Job Hazard Analysis to Workers When the Job Hazard Analysis is completed, the results must be communicated to all workers who are, or who will be, performing the job. The job hazard analysis must be discussed by the employees performing the job to ensure that all the basic steps have been noted, are in the correct order, have suitable controls and be documented and signed by the worker and supervisor. Supervisors will ensure that workers are following the appropriate control procedures. HAZARD REPORTING Purpose: The purpose of hazard reporting is to try to stop accidents before they occur. Employees must be aware of their surroundings to prevent injury if possible. Objective: Our company objective is to eliminate the possibility of injury due to hazards that have not been identified. We need to keep the workplace a safe environment, and our workers need to be able to report any danger that may cause risk to the employee. 31

32 Standard: It is in our best interests to make sure that our employees are able to recognize and assess any dangerous or hazardous situations. Common sense plays a key role in this aspect of Health and Safety. Being aware of the surroundings also helps to eliminate uncertainty. We encourage all of our employees to take time to walk around the workplace and get a feel for their surroundings before starting any work. Employees are to report any problem areas immediately. If areas of concern pose a threat to the health and safety of an individual, that individual must report immediately to the supervisor on site. The supervisor will assess the situation and take necessary steps to correct the problem. If the situation requires a great deal of attention, then action must be taken. Each employee is trained in rigging, fall protection, asbestos, and job specific hazards as they arise. We have put into place a set of standards that employees will follow when reporting hazards. 1. Each employee will inspect the workplace prior to commencing work. 2. Each employee will record any hazardous conditions on the job site. 3. Any hazards that are detected must be reported immediately to the acting site supervisor. The supervisor will then assess the degree of hazard and act accordingly. 4. The supervisor will determine if a third party will need to be called in (eg. for asbestos removal). 5. The employee must always be aware of his/her surroundings. It is the responsibility of the worker to report anything that he/she deems as hazardous. 6. Common sense is a key factor in preventing a hazardous situation. Communication: -Communication with the site supervisors -Communication with the workers -Communication by way of Tool Box Talks Training: Training is provided to all workers. Employees will review on their own time or at our head office by reviewing and booklets and/or training videos. Evaluation: Elements will be reviewed on an annual basis to determine if the expectations are being met and training is adequate. Feedback from employees is an excellent tool to evaluate the training. CSAO may be able to provide assistance with the evaluation if little change has taken place. Acknowledge Success and Make Improvements: We encourage our site supervisor to acknowledge good performance verbally in front of peers and by adding comments to employee's files indicating good or bad performance. Reviewed By: Date: 32

33 Hazard Identification & Risk Assessment Form Identified Hazard or Unsafe Work Activity Fatality Potential Risk Assessment Injury Medical Aid Damage Controls Required Eliminate, Contain, Revise Procedure, Reduce Exposure

34 SECTION 7 ALCOHOL ABUSE CONTROL POLICY STATEMENT Alcohol adversely affects coordination and judgement, and inappropriate use will jeopardize the health and safety of the user, co-workers and the general public, particularly if the user is involved in safety sensitive operations or equipment. The Alcohol Control Policy applies to all employees. The Company will not condone the following behaviour by its employees: - Use or consumption of any form of alcohol on a construction project at any time. - Abuse of alcohol during lunch, breaks or before starting work. - Sale, purchase, transfer, offering, use or possession of alcohol on Company property or at a site where the Company is engaged. - Arrival at or being at work under the influence of alcohol. The Company also reserves the right to collect alcohol blood level tests of those working in a safety sensitive area or after an accident. We as your employer have the legal duties and responsibility to; take every precaution reasonable in the circumstances for the protection of a worker. We are obligated to ensure that alcohol abuse in any way connected with work does not occur. The supervisor shall; advise a worker of the existence of any potential or actual danger to the health or safety of the worker of which the supervisor is aware and take every precaution reasonable in the circumstances for the protection of a worker. Every worker shall; use or operate any equipment, machine, device, thing or work in a manner that will not endanger himself or any other worker. Our foremen and management have the responsibility to remove from the job site anyone they reasonably suspect under the influence of alcohol and to start disciplinary procedures against that worker failure to do so by any foremen could constitute a contravention of the legal duties and may be subject to prosecution. 34

35 SECTION 8 NON-PRESCRIPTION DRUG CONTROL POLICY STATEMENT The Drug Control Policy applies to all employees. We as your employer will not condone the following behaviour by its employees: - Use of illicit drugs. - Abuse of legal or prescription drugs. - Sale, purchase, transfer, offering, use or possession of illicit drugs or drugs obtained illegally. - Arrival at or being at work under the influence of illicit drugs or alcohol. - Off the job drug use which may affect future work performance (an employee who is convicted or pleads guilty because of off the job drug or alcohol related activities, may be considered to be in violation of this policy). We reserve the right as permitted by the current Human Rights Act or any provincial legislation to have a Company physician determine if a prescription drug or medication produces hazardous effects and to take the steps necessary for the protection of the user, co-workers and general public. The Company also reserves the right to collect and administer drug tests of those working in a safety sensitive area, after an accident, upon offer of employment/contract, or when management is informed of a problem in a particular area. Employees have the right to: - A safe and healthy working environment. - Treatment of their addiction to drugs and alcohol by our Government Health Insurance Program or the Drug and Alcohol Abuse program outlined in the applicable Collective Agreement. - Refuse participation in the Drug Control Program. 35

36 SECTION 9 ACCIDENT/INJURY RESPONSE PROCEDURES For a minor injury requiring only on site first aid 1. The worker must obtain the necessary first aid. 2. The first aider must record the first aid treatment given in the First Aid Logbook. For a No Lost Time injury requiring medical aid (a visit to a doctor or nurse) 1. The worker must obtain the necessary first aid. 2. Transport the worker by the most effective means to the nearest hospital or doctors office that can handle the injury. 3. The foreman/supervisor shall complete WORKPLACE SAFETY & INSURANCE BOARD Form 156 Treatment Memorandum (for Ontario only) or the applicable form for the province of work and send it to the treating physician or hospital. 4a. The foreman/supervisor shall completely fill out a WSIB Form 7a (Ontario only) or the applicable form for the province of work, and ensure the cause(s) and the steps taken to prevent this accident are stated. Indicate on the WSIB Form 7a; NO LOST TIME, and include the name and address of the treating physician or hospital. 4b. If a worker refuses medical aid during his/her shift, but later seeks medical attention at their own physician or other treatment facility, the worker must inform his foreman/supervisor of the details of the visit and must ensure that the following information is provided to the foreman; name, address, telephone number of treating facility, name of the attending doctor or nurse, nature of the injury, restrictions and treatment prescribed. If the treating facility provides a letter to employers for the above noted purpose, we request that the worker obtain such a letter. The employer will pay any costs associated in the procurement of such a letter. Any out of pocket expenses relating to the injury should be documented and presented to us for payment/reimbursement. 5. The foreman/supervisor shall fax the completed copy of the WSIB form(s) to Employer s representative. Employer s representative will notify the WSIB, Ministry of Labour and other off site personnel or agencies as required of the Accident. 6. The foreman/supervisor must consult with Employer s representative before he Submits a copy of the Notice Of Injury To The Joint Health & Safety Committee, to the health and safety representative, committee and shop steward, general contractor or owner of the injury. This is to protect the privacy of the worker as some information may not be given out by the employer without the employee s approval. 36

37 Injury when a worker is unable to work beyond the day of injury Lost Time 1. The worker must obtain the necessary first aid. 2. Transport the worker by the most effective means to the nearest hospital or doctors office that can handle the injury. 3. The foreman/supervisor shall complete the WSIB Form 156 Treatment Memorandum (for Ontario only) or the applicable form for the province of work and send it to the treating physician or hospital. 4. The foreman/supervisor shall completely fill out a WSIB Form 7a (Ontario only) or the applicable form for the province of work, and ensure the cause(s) and the steps taken to prevent this accident are stated. Indicate on the WSIB Form 7a; LOST TIME, and include the name and address of the treating physician or hospital. 5. The foreman/supervisor shall complete an accident investigation as well as completing a company Accident Report and the corresponding WSIB forms and fax them to Employer s representative at (telephone number) the same day. 6. Obtain copies and send to Employer s representative at (telephone number) of any accident reports produced by the owner, general contractor or other investigating party. If the Ministry of Labour investigates, send copies of any reports they produce (even if they are not written or intended) directly to Employer s representative at (telephone number). 7. Make specific note of any other contractor that may have been involved in the causation of the accident/injury. 8. The foreman shall complete the employer section of the Medical Report to Facilitate Rehabilitation outlining the modified work we have on site. Send this form along with the Dear Doctor letter to the treating medical center. 9. The foreman shall inform/review the modified work program with the injured worker. 10. The foreman/supervisor shall fax the completed copy of the WSIB form(s) to the Employer s representative. Employer s representative will notify the WSIB, Ministry of Labour and other offsite personnel or agencies as required of the accident. 11. The foreman/supervisor must consult with Employer s representative before he submits a copy of the Notice Of Injury To The Joint Health & Safety Committee, to the health and safety representative committee and shop steward, general contractor or owner of the injury. This is to protect the privacy of the worker, as some information may not be given out by the employer without the employee s approval. 12. If the injury requires that the worker be taken to hospital by an ambulance or the injury is considered critical contact the Employer s representative at ASAP at the head office for instructions. 37

38 Critical Injury If the injury requires that the worker be taken to hospital by an ambulance or the injury is considered critical, contact head office ASAP for further instructions. The following procedures are in addition to those for a Lost Time injury noted previously. 1. Get help, assign the necessary task to specific personnel. 2. Cordon off the accident scene. Do not remove any items. Look for additional hazards, de-energize electric power, etc. 3. Get the injured worker first aid. 4. Call 911 for an ambulance, police and fire rescue, tell the operator you have a critical injury on your project. 5. Transport the injured worker to the hospital, ensure a representative of the company accompanies the injured worker. 6. Secure the accident site, try not to disturb anything except for the rescue of the injured worker or for the protection of other workers. 7. Contact the Employer s representative ASAP and he will assist you and will contact an officer of our company. 8. Contact the Ministry of Labour. Record the telephone number called, the time and the person s name you spoke to. Use the Critical Injury Record form if possible. 9. Contact the health and safety representative, the shop steward and the general contractors or owners representative. 10. The accident will be investigated by; the police, coroner, Ministry of Labour, Foreman/Supervisor, Employer s representative, the joint health and safety committee, safety representative. The worksite or equipment can only be put back into service after the Ministry of Labour has given permission to do so. 11. Coordinate with local police about who will contact the next-of-kin. 12. Document as much as possible and as soon as possible such that accurate facts can be compiled, as critical injuries will almost always result in someone being charged by the Ministry of Labour. Follow the procedures for completing the WSIB and Accident Investigation reports noted earlier. 38

39 SECTION 10 LEGAL OBLIGATIONS FOR INVESTIGATING ACCIDENTS/INJURIES What the Act says about accidents When someone is injured in an accident, the first priority is to respond to the emergency. This means giving first aid and calling for help, securing the accident scene, and making sure that no further damage is done. Although the law does not address the subject, common sense dictates that all parties present can help to respond to an emergency. Sometimes it s a question of who gets to the accident scene first. The law does address what various parties do in the period after the emergency response. This resource sheet summarizes some of the specific rights, powers and duties of the health and safety representative and the employer when a workplace accident or illness occurs. Just what each party may or must do depends on the nature of the accident. Four Main Types of Accidents or Illness An accident may be defined as an unplanned event that causes harm to people or damage to property. There are many ways to classify accidents and occupational illness. To understand the rep's role in accident investigation, it helps to clarify the four main categories used in the Act and construction regulations. 1. Fatalities and critical injuries. "Critical injury" is defined in Regulation 834 (page R-259 in the green book). These are injuries of a serious nature. 2. Non-critical injuries result in the person being unable to perform their usual work, or result in a need for medical treatment. 3. Occupational illnesses Section 1 (1) of the Act defines occupational illness. As a result of workplace exposure to harmful agents, the body does not function normally and health is impaired. 4. Prescribed incidents are serious events, but do not result in injury. These are referred to in section 53 of the Act and are listed in section 11 of Regulation 213/91. They include unconsciousness, as well as certain types of falls, electrical contacts, and structural failures. All parties have the duty to comply with the following two legal requirements. For exact legal wording from the Act or construction regulations, see your green book. 1) Preserve the Wreckage Section 51(2) of the Act says that when a person is killed or critically injured, it is illegal for anyone to disturb, destroy, or remove anything related to the accident until the MOL inspector gives permission. This rule may be broken only when it is necessary to: 1. save life or relieve human suffering 2. maintain an essential public utility or a public transportation system, or 3. prevent unnecessary damage to equipment or other property. 2) Not Interfere with an MOL inspector Section 62(1) of the Act makes it illegal for anyone to hinder or interfere in any way with an MOL inspector who is investigating workplace accidents and injuries 39

40 What the Employer Must Do The Act requires employers (not supervisors, health and safety reps or worker committee members) to provide written notice regarding the four main categories of accident or illness mentioned at the start of this resource sheet: - Fatalities and critical injuries - Non-critical injuries - Occupational illness - Prescribed incidents. The Act specifies that it is the employer who has the legal duty to notify. In small companies, it will be clear who will carry out this duty. In large companies, however, responsibilities are spread over many levels. Even though the employer is ultimately responsible for the notification, he or she may have delegated the job to a supervisor. To clarify for all parties just who is assigned the task of notification in the event of an accident, the details of specific responsibilities should be outlined in the company's safety program. The tables on the following two pages detail these legal requirements. Note that in all cases the employer/constructor must notify the following workplace parties: - Ministry of Labour inspector - Health and Safety representative - Joint health and safety committee - Trade union. For the information that must be included in the employer's written notices and reports, see the section at the end of this resource sheet The employer's duty to notify the MOL Accidents and occupational illnesses must be reported to the Ministry of Labour, the health and safety representative or JHSC, and trade union in the following circumstances: Occurrence What required When By Whom To Whom Notify directly Immediately, by Constructor, if any, - MOL telephone, and employer - JHSC telegram, fax, or - H & S Rep any direct means - Trade Union Fatality or Critical Injury Act, s. 51(1) Reg. 834 for Definition Written report Content as outlined By Reg. 213/91, s.8 Within 48 hours Written report by employer only MOL 40

41 Injury (noncritical) Causing lost time, or requiring medical treatment Act, s. 52 (1) Notice in writing - Content as outlined by Reg. 213/91, s.9(1) in case of a worker - May use notice required by s.21(2) of the WSIB Act Within 4 days of the occurrence Employer - MOL - JHSC - H & S Rep - Trade union Occupational Illness Act, s. 52 (2) Prescribed Incident (Listed below) Act, s.53 Reg. 213/91, s. 11(1) for list Notice in writing - Content as outlined by Reg. 213/91, s.9(2) in case of a worker May use notice required by s.21(2) of the WSIB Act Notice in writing Content as outlined by Reg. 213/91, s. 11(2) Within 4 days of the occurrence Within 2 days of the occurrence Employer Constructor of the project - MOL - JHSC - H & S Rep - Trade union - MOL - JHSC - H & S Rep - Trade union The employer's duties for notification and reporting Of prescribed incidents in construction Circumstances How Soon By Whom Section When any of the following Prescribed Incidents occur at a project: -a worker falling a vertical distance of 3 metres or more - a worker who falls is arrested by a fall arrest system - a worker becoming unconscious for any reason - accidental contact by a worker or by a worker's tool or equipment with a live electrical conductor or live electrical equipment - contact by a backhoe, shovel, crane or similar lifting device or its load with an energized powerline rated at more than 750 volts - Within 2 days of the occurrence - In writing Constructor of the project - Act, s Reg. 213/91, s.11 (1) Prescribed Incidents 41

42 -structural failure of all or part of falsework designed by, or required by Regulation 213/91 to be designed by, a professional engineer - structural failure of a principal supporting member, including a column, beam, wall or truss, or a structure - failure of all or part of the structural supports of a scaffold - structural failure of all or part of an earth or water-retaining structure, including a failure of the temporary or permanent supports for a shaft, tunnel, caisson, cofferdam or trench - failure of a wall of an excavation or of similar earthwork with respect to which a professional engineer has given a written opinion that the stability of the wall is such that no worker will be endangered by it - overturning or the structural failure of all or part of a crane or similar hoisting device Summary of what information the employer's written reports must contain: Written Reports When accidents occur, the Act and Regs refer to a written "report" (or "notice") that the employer must send to the MOL, with a copy to the joint health and safety committee or health and safety rep. 1. Fatalities and critical injuries The employer's written report under section 51(1) of the Act must contain the following information, as required by section 8 of Regulation 213/961. a) the name and address of the constructor and the employer, if the person involved is a worker b) the nature and the circumstances and the bodily injury sustained by the person c) a description of the machinery or equipment involved d) the time and place of the occurrence e) the name and address of the person involved f) the names and addresses of all witnesses to the occurrence g) the name and address of any legally qualified medical practitioner, if any, by whom the injured person was or is being attended for the injury; and h) the steps taken to prevent a recurrence. 42

43 2. Non-critical injuries involving workers The employer's written notice under section 52(1) of the Act must contain the following information, as required by section 9(1) of Regulation 213/91. a) the name, address and type of business of the employer b) the nature and the circumstances of the occurrence and the bodily injury or illness sustained by the worker c) a description of the machinery or equipment involved d) the time and place of the occurrence e) the name and address of the worker involved f) the names and addresses of all witnesses to the occurrence g) the name and address of any legally qualified medical practitioner by whom the worker was or is being attended for the injury or illness (12 June 2000) g.1) the name and address of each medical facility, if any, where the worker was or is being attended for the injury or illness, and (12 June 2000) h) the steps taken to prevent a recurrence. 3. Occupational illnesses of workers The employer's written notice under Section 52(2) of the Act must contain the following information, as required by section 9(2) of Regulation 213/91. 1) the name, address and type of business of the employer 2) the nature and the circumstances of the illness 3) the worker's name and address 4) the name and address of any legally qualified medical practitioner by whom the worker was or is being attended for the injury or illness (12 June 2000) 5) the name and address of each medical facility, if any, where the worker was or is being attended for the injury or illness, and (12 June 2000) 6) the steps taken to prevent a recurrence. 4. Prescribed incidents The employer's written notice under section 53 of the Act must describe the circumstances of the occurrence and the steps taken to prevent a recurrence. 43

44 SECTION 11 RESPONSIBILITY FOR INVESTIGATING INCIDENTS Incidents are investigated in the same manner as an accident resulting in an injury. The only difference between the two procedures is an incident doesn t involve an injury to a worker. Incidents or near hits can just as easily result in a serious injury to a worker. Incidents are defined as; an uncontrolled and undesired event that has the potential of causing an injury to a worker or a loss of property. All employees are strongly encouraged to report any incidents where they feel an event has occurred that may have otherwise caused an injury. The foreman shall complete the Hazard Incident report form and submit it to Employer s representative and the representative for the general contractor or owner if it involves any worker in their control. All employees have the duty to report known hazards to their employer. Never wait to report hazards, unreported hazards will always result in an injury. SECTION 12 DISCIPLINE PROCEDURE HEALTH & SAFETY DISCIPLINARY ACTION (reports under separate cover) If it is found that an employee/subtrade is performing their work in an unsafe manner, advise as follows: 1. Verbal warning and recommendation for corrective action. IF UNSAFE ACT CONTINUES 2. Written memo to be issued stating work must be stopped immediately and all corrective action must be taken prior to work commencing. Note on memo that failure to correct unsafe work conditions will result in dismissal from the work place. IF UNSAFE ACT CONTINUES 3. Written memo to be issued ordering work to stop and dismissal from the job site. Copy of memo s for items 2 and 3 are to be forward to Subtrade office if applicable and Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd.'s office. 44

45 Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd. PROGRESSIVE DISCIPLINARY ACTION PROGRAM In order to ensure that the Health and Safety Policy and Program of Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd. is complied with at all workplaces by all workers including subcontractor workers the following disciplinary action sequence shall be enforced whenever deemed necessary by the supervisory or management staff at Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd.. The items which will result in disciplinary action include: 1. Continued absenteeism without reasonable cause. 2. Health and Safety violations of the O.H.S.A. 3. Poor or unacceptable conduct including insubordination. 4. Carelessness which endangers one-self or another worker. 5. Wilful damage to company property, tools, equipment and/or machinery. 6. Illegal drugs and/or alcohol consumption at the workplace. 7. Failure to report unsafe act/conditions. 8. Non-compliance to Health and Safety Policy and program of Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd.. 9. Other violations not noted above but which in the opinion of Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd. warrant enforcement of this procedure. The above noted items shall be administered by the supervisor or management in the following sequence: Step #1: Verbal Warning After verbal warning complete details on Safety Notice Form and return to head office. Step #2: Written Warning Complete Safety Notice Form and leave with worker. Send copy to head office. Step #3: Suspension or Dismissal Complete details on Safety Notice Form and send copy to head office. Please note: Depending of the severity of the issue or situation, Step #3 may be enforced by Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd. immediately. All notices shall be explained to workers, their supervisor, and subcontractors regarding the violation and corrective action. Copies shall be distributed to all applicable parties and personnel records. 45

46 Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd. Safety Notice-Record of Progressive Disciplinary Action Date/Time: Worker Name: Project: Supervisor: Worker Employer: It is the policy of Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd. that you must comply with the Occupational Health and Safety Act and Regulations and the safety policy and program of Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd.. This will serve to verify the following action/actions: (Supervisor indicate level of disciplinary action). First Warning Verbal Second Warning Written Suspension/Dismissal Reason for disciplinary action: Supervisor sends completed copy to office Worker receives this form and copy sent to office Suspension or permanent dismissal from site and worker receives a copy of this form Signed: Signed: Worker receiving warning Person issuing warning Record names of witnesses if any: Note: If worker refuses to sign indicate such. A copy will be sent to home address 46

47 SECTION 13 WORKING NEAR ENERGIZED ELECTRICAL CABLES Once the voltage of the overhead power lines have been identified, the minimum (closest) distance that any part of the machine or equipment may be to the energized power lines are: to 150,000 volts (nominal phase-to-phase voltage rating) 10 feet (-3.1 metres) - 150,000 to 250,000 volt (nominal phase-to-phase voltage rating) 15 feet (-4.5 metres) - 250,000 volts and over (nominal phase-to-phase voltage rating) 20 feet (-6 metres) SECTION 14 SIGNAL-PERSONS (SIGNALLER) Around heavy trucks, equipment and cranes, a signal person (signaller) is required when the operators view is obstructed. This applies particularly when equipment is being backed up. The signal person shall communicate with the operator by 2-way radio or where visual signals are clearly visible to the operator by means of prearranged visual signals. A signal person shall be a competent worker and shall not perform other work while acting as a signal-person. A signal person shall: - Be clear of the intended path of travel of the vehicle, machine or equipment, crane or similar hoisting device, shovel, backhoe or similar excavating machine or its load. - Be in full view of the operator of the vehicle, machine or equipment, crane or similar hoisting device, shovel, backhoe or similar excavating machine. - Have a clear view of the intended path of travel of the vehicle, machine or equipment, crane or similar hoisting device, shovel, backhoe or similar excavating machine. - Watch the part of the vehicle, machine or equipment or crane or similar hoisting device, shovel, backhoe or similar excavating machine or its load whose path of travel the operator cannot see. 47

48 SECTION 15 TRUCKS (INCLUDING DUMP TRUCKS, TRACTORS AND TRAILERS) No vehicle, machine or equipment, or crane or similar hoisting device, shovel, backhoe or similar excavating machine shall be operated unless the operator is assisted by a signal person, especially when: - The operator s view of the intended path of travel of any part of it or its load is obstructed. - It is in a location in which a person may be endangered by any part of it or its load. An operator of a vehicle, machine or equipment, or crane or similar hoisting device, or shovel, backhoe or similar excavating machine who is required to be assisted by a signaller shall operate it as directed by the signaller. Charts and decals of Roadwork, Crane and Hoist Hand Signals are available from the Construction Safety Association. When loading or unloading any type truck or trailer with a crane or filling a dump truck with a power shovel, remember: - Position the truck as close to the crane or trailer with a crane or filling a dump truck with a power shovel, remember: - The truck should be positioned on terrain as levelled as possible. - Keep the truck and crane away from overhead power lines as noted in Section 7. - Any equipment that is being backed up shall be directed by a competent signal person. - Truck wheels should be blocked or chocked during unloading. - Before mounting a truck, scrape off your boot soles to avoid slips. - Mount the truck platform in full view of the crane operator or signal person (signaller) so that the load or the crane hook does not strike you. - To climb up and down facing the truck, maintaining a 3-point contact at all times (two hands and one foot or two feet and one hand). - Never sit in the cab while the loading/unloading operation is underway, unless the truck cab is designed to provide overhead protection from a falling load. 48

49 SECTION 16 LOCKOUT/TAGOUT PROCEDURES This procedure establishes the minimum requirements for the lockout of energy isolating devices whenever maintenance or servicing is done on machines or equipment. It is a policy of this company that this procedure shall be used to ensure that the machine or equipment is stopped, isolated from all potentially hazardous energy sources and locked out before employees perform any servicing or maintenance where the unexpected energization or start-up of the machine or equipment or release of stored energy could cause injury. In addition, all employees are required to comply with the restrictions and limitations imposed upon them during the use of lockout. The authorized employees are required to perform the lockout in accordance with this procedure. All employees, upon observing a machine or piece of equipment that is locked out to perform servicing or maintenance, shall not attempt to start, energize, or use that machine or equipment. Lockout All identified energy sources must be locked out and tagged. Each employee, contractor or sub-contractor involved with the maintenance, cleaning or inspection activity must secure a personal padlock(s) and tag(s) to each of the identified energy sources. Each padlock will be "keyed" differently and will be provided with only two (2) keys. One key will be issued to the individual employee and the Supervisor in a secure location will retain the other. The owner may only remove a lock, except in the case of an emergency where the Supervisor is permitted to remove the padlock. In this case, the Supervisor must personally inspect the locked out device and verify that re-energizing the equipment/machine will not be a cause of personal injury and/or property damage. In all cases of "lockout", an accompanying tag will be provided identifying the owner. Multiple Locks/LockOut Bars When a task requires two or more workers to be involved, each worker must attach a lock to each energy source. This is required to ensure that if one of the workers should leave the work area and remove their lock(s), the second worker is still protected by their personal lock(s). General LockOut Safety Rules -Never lend another employee your padlock of the key to your lock(s) -Beware of equipment or systems that involve several different energy types or sources -Multiple lock adapters should be used to accommodate multiple padlocks -Valve covers or chains must be used with padlocks to secure valves in a closed position -Tags (identification) must be used to indicate the name of the employee -When shutting down or locking out equipment and processes, all buttons, levers and controls should be in the "off" or "neutral" position -Use of the ON/OFF or START/STOP buttons as a substitute for disconnecting and lock out is not permitted unless, this causes the device to be locked out -At no time should the machine/equipment be left unlocked unless all work has been completed -Never secure your personal padlock through the shackle of another employee's padlock -Never rely on another employee's padlock for your safety -Always test the equipment before commencing the work, to ensure it has been effectively locked 49

50 -Simply removing the fuses does not provide adequate protection -Ensure that all energy sources are identified -Never assume the task is too small to require lockout -Never assume the equipment is inoperative and, therefore, does not require lockout Removal of a lockout padlock by anyone other than the owner presents the possibility of system re-activation and the potential of personal injury and/or property damage. With the exception of emergency situations, removal of another employee's padlock will result in disciplinary action. SECTION 17 TOOLS-HAND AND POWER (ELECTRICAL) It is our responsibility to supply and maintain shop tools and other power equipment in good condition. It is the worker s responsibility to use such tools properly and to report any defect to the supervisor to ensure repair is initiated and proper tagging of defective tools is carried out. Whenever practical, all tools shall be CSA Approved. Electrical tools must be CSA Approved. 1. Do not attempt to bypass manufactured installed safety devices. They are put there for a purpose your safety. Be sure that safety guards are in working order and in placed before operating any power tool. 2. Maintain all hand and power tools and similar equipment, whether furnished by the employer or employee, in a safe, top notch working condition. 3. Keep tools and accessories clean and sharp for best performance. Follow instructions in the user manual for proper lubrication. 4. Do not grease, oil, clean or adjust machinery or equipment while it is in motion. Never put belt dressings on conveyors or belt drives while they are in motion. 5. Use proper eye protection when there is the potential hazard of an eye injury. 6. Use the proper tool for every job; for example, never use a wrench as a hammer or a screwdriver for prying. 7. Use the correct size and type of tool for each job a wrench with sprung jaws can slip and cause injury 8. Do not use impact tools, such as drift pins, wedges and chisels if they have mushroom heads. 9. Worn and damaged tools are dangerous turn them in for repair or replacement. Do not use tools with cracked broken or loose handles. 10. Do not operate tools beyond their rated limits or try to increase their capacity with by-passes, cheaters or other modifications. 50

51 11. All electric tools must be grounded. 12. Be sure switch button is off before plugging a tool cord into an electrical outlet. Surprise and accidental start-ups can be dangerous. 13. Clamp or otherwise secure small or light materials to free both hands before attempting to ream, drill, tap, or to perform similar operations. 14. Keep moving parts of power tools pointed away from your body. Do not hold a finger on the switch button while carrying a plugged in tool. 15. Inspect electrical extension cord, weld leads and other wiring to be certain they are properly insulated. Always use double insulated tools or tools with ground fault plugs. Do not use frayed or damaged cords 16. Keep cords and hoses away from heat, oil and sharp edges. 17. Do not operate electrical tools while standing on damp or wet surfaces. Insulate yourself by wearing rubber boots and gloves. A ground fault circuit interrupter must be used in wet locations or when working outdoors. 18. When using jackhammers, drills, bars or other hand tools, which may contact a power line, one should wear insulated protective gloves in work area where the exact location of underground electrical power lines is unknown. 19. Portable tools are to be protected by an approved ground fault system when working in damp, wet areas or outdoors. 20. Extension cords used with portable electric tools and appliances shall be properly grounded. 21. Protect extension cords against accidental damage that may be caused by traffic, sharp corners or projections and pinching in doors or elsewhere. 22. Do not fasten extension cords with staples, hung from nails or suspended by wire. 23. Check electrical cables, extension cords and electrical power tool cords for damage or excessive wear such as broken, out or frayed insulation; broken or exposed wire; damaged plugs and missing ground terminals. Damaged or otherwise unsafe electrical cables, cords and plugs must be repaired or replaced immediately. 24. Inspect and ensure the continuity of the equipment ground path, cord sets, receptacles (temporary) and equipment connected by cord and plugs. 25. Take special precautions when using power tools on a scaffold or other locations with limited movement areas. Maintain good footing ; use both hands, keep cords clear of obstructions, do not over reach. 26. Be sure that a power tool is off and motion stopped before setting tool down. 27. Before disconnecting air powered tools, turn off air at outlet to relieve the pressure. 51

52 28. When drilling into walls, floors, platforms and similar structures, take care not to drill into electrical and other utility lines and other such installations. 29. Do not use hoses or electrical cords for hoisting or lowering tools or other materials. Never yank the cord to disconnect it from the receptacle. 30. Disconnect tool from power source(s) before changing drills, blades or bits or attempting repair or adjustment. Never leave equipment running unattended. 31. Compressed air used for cleaning purposes shall have its pressure reduced to less than 30 PSI (-200 Kpa), and then only with effective chip guarding and proper personal protective equipment. Higher pressures, where approved, can be used for concrete form, mill scale and similar cleaning purposes. 32. All grinder stones and discs must be used with their proper protective guards securely in place. 33. Wear a proper face shield or adequate eye protection during all, grinding operations. 34. Check grinder stones and discs daily for nicks, cracks or other defects; replace immediately if damaged. 35. Handle grinders carefully. If dropped, inspect grinder and stone/disc at once for damage. 36. Do not jolt, force or jam a grinder. Such use may cause the stone to shatter. 37. Be sure a portable grinder is turned off and any coasting or idling motion stopped before putting it down. 38. Ensure grinder stones and disks an matched to the RPM rating of the grinder. A low RPM disk or stone on a high RPM grinder can shatter. 39. Only a trained, qualified operator shall operate an explosive powder actuated tool, such as a Ramsel or Hilti gun. 40. Never point an explosive powder actuated tool at anybody. 41. Before using the tool, inspect it to make sure it is clean, that all moving parts operate freely and that the barrel is free from obstructions. Do not load the tool unless it will be used immediately. Never leave a loaded explosive powder actuated tool unattended. Place all misfired shots into a container of water and dispose properly. Follow these rules to increase the effectiveness and safety of the Flag person: - At night, outer garments need reflectors. - Flag people should stand alone either on the road shoulder or in the barricaded lane. - A flag person should never stand in the lane used by traffic. - Communication between flag people enhances safety. Radios or cellular phones are recommended for flag people who are located at each end of a job site. 52

53 Summary and Checklist Before the Work Project Begins - Co-ordinate with government agencies; secure permits - Create communication plan. - Create traffic-control plan (TCP). - Design traffic-control zones. - Create maintenance plan. - Develop emergency procedures. - All employees involved must be trained for this project. - Install traffic devices. - Inspect and drive-through area before motorists are allowed in the area. - When the project is completed, restore normal traffic patterns in an orderly fashion. - Remove all traffic-control devices (begin at zone farthest from work site). - Monitor traffic during removal of traffic-control devices to reduce hazards. 53

54 SECTION 18 WELDING/CUTTING Welding equipment must be chosen for safe application to the work to be done, and workers designated to operate arc-welding equipment must have been properly instructed and qualified to operate that equipment. The basic precautions for fire prevention in welding or cutting work are: -If the object to be welded or cut cannot readily be moved, all moveable fire hazards in the vicinity must be taken to a safe place -If the object to be welded or cut cannot be moved and if all the fire hazards cannot be removed, then guards must be used to confine the heat, sparks and slag and to protect the immovable hazards. -If the requirements stated above cannot be followed then welding and cutting must not be performed. The following are additional requirements, which may be necessary: -Suitable fire extinguishing equipment must be maintained in a state of readiness for instant use. Such equipment may consist of pails of water, buckets of sand, hose or portable extinguishers depending upon the nature and quantity of the combustible material exposed. -Fire watchers are required whenever welding or cutting is performed in locations where other than a minor fire might develop. -No welding, cutting or other hot work may be performed on used drums, barrels, tanks or other containers until they have been cleaned so thoroughly as to make absolutely certain that no flammable materials are present, not are there any substances such as greases, tars, acids or other materials which, when subjected to heat, might produce flammable or toxic vapours. Any pipelines or connections to the drum or vessel must be disconnected or blanked. Welders must place welding cable and other equipment so that it is clear of passageways, ladders and stairways. Employees exposed to the hazards created by welding, cutting or brazing operations must be protected by personal protective equipment. Helmets or hand shields must be used during all arc welding or arc cutting operations. Helpers or attendants must be provided with proper eye protection. Goggles or other suitable eye protection must be used during all gas welding or oxygen cutting operations. All filler metals and fusible granular materials must carry at least the following notice on tags, boxes or other containers: Caution: Welding may produce fumes and gases hazardous to health. Avoid breathing these fumes and gases. Use adequate ventilation. Mechanical ventilation must be provided when welding or cutting is done ina building or confined space. When arc welding is performed in wet conditions, or under conditions of high humidity, special protection against electric shock must be supplied. 54

55 Welding in Confined Spaces When arc welding in a confined space is to be suspended for any substantial period of time, such as during lunch or overnight, all electrodes must be removed from the holders and the holders carefully located to that accidental contact cannot occur and the machine is disconnected from the power source. Additionally, in order to eliminate the possibility of gas leaks of improperly closed valves, the torch valves must be closed and the fuel-gas and oxygen supply to the torch positively shut off at some point outside the confined area, whenever the torch is not to be used for a substantial period of time. After welding operations are completed, this welder must mark the hot metal or provide some other means of warning other workers. Welding Safety Most welders are typically AC/DC, 240-volt transformer types using electricity as the energy source. Portable welders are of the diesel/gasoline engine powered type. Properly installed and used, the arc welder is very safe, but if used improperly, the operator can be exposed to a number of hazards including toxic fumes, dusts, burns, fires, explosions, electric shock, radiation, noise and heat stress. Any of these hazards can cause injury or death. By following suggestions and guidelines herein, the risks can be greatly minimized. The frame of case of the welder should be properly grounded. A safety-type disconnecting switch or controller shall be located near the machine. The welder or welders shall be protected by a properly sized fused or circuit breaker on an independent circuit. Ventilation The welder should be located in an area with adequate ventilation. In general, when welding is being done on metals not considered hazardous, a ventilation system that will move a minimum of 2000 cubic feet per minute (CFM) of air per welder is necessary. However many materials are considered very hazardous and should be welded only in adequately ventilated areas to prevent the accumulation of toxic materials or to eliminate the possible oxygen deficiency not only to the operator but also to others in the immediate vicinity. Such ventilation should be supplied by an exhaust system located as close to the work as possible. When welding or cutting meals with hazardous metals, the operator should use a supplied air-type respirator or a respirator specially designed to filter the specific metal fumes. Materials included in the very hazardous category are welding rod fluxes, coverings or other materials containing fluorine compounds, zinc, lead, beryllium, cadmium and mercury. Some cleaning and degreasing compounds as well as the metals they were cleaned with are also hazardous. Always follow the manufacturer's precautions before welding or cutting in the presence of these materials. Fire Prevention The arc welder is capable of producing temperatures in excess of 10,000 degrees F., therefore it is important that the workplace be made fire safe. This can be accomplished by using metal sheets or fire resistant curtains as fire barriers. The floor should be concrete or another fire resistant materials. Cracks in the floor should be filled to prevent sparks and hot metal from entering. When work cannot be moved to a fire safe area the area should be made safe by removing to protecting combustibles from ignition sources. In certain welding situations it may be necessary to ask someone to watch for fires that could go undetected until the welder has finished the job. 55

56 Suitable fire extinguishing equipment such as buckets of sand or a dry chemical extinguisher of the ABC type should be readily available. The extinguisher should be large enough for the situation with a 10# size adequate for most small shops. Personal Protection It is essential that the operator and helpers be properly clothed and protected because of the heat, ultra-violet rays and sparks produced by the arc welder. For body protection a pair of fire retardant long sleeved coveralls without cuffs is a good choice. Always avoid clothing with tears, snags, rips or work spots as sparks easily ignites these. The sleeves and collars should be kept buttoned. The hands should be protected with leather gauntlet gloves. A pair of high top leather shoes, preferably safety shoes, is good protection for the feet. If low shoes are worn, fire resistant leggings should protect the ankles. Transparent goggles should protect eyes if the person wears prescription glasses or safety glasses. If not, a welding helmet or hand shield with filter plate and cover plate is mandatory for eye protection from harmful rays of the arc. The filter plate should be at least shade #10 for general welding up to 200 amps. However, certain operations such as carbon-arc welding and higher current welding operations require darker shades. Never use a helmet if the filter plate or cover is cracked or broken. A flameproof skullcap to protect the hair and head as well as hearing protection in noisy situations is recommended. Plastic disposable cigarette lighters are very dangerous around heat and flame. It is very important that they not be carried in the pockets while welding. Always provide protection to bystanders or other workers by welding inside a properly screened area, if possible. If unable to work inside a screened area, then protection to others should be provided by a portable screen or shield or by their wearing anti-flash goggles. Safety Procedures: It is important that a qualified teacher or welder instruct anyone operating an arc welder on its safe use. Printed rules and instructions covering operation of equipment supplied by the manufacturers must be strictly followed. The operator should report any equipment defect or safety hazard to their supervisor and the use of the defective equipment must be discontinued until its safety has been assured. Only qualified personnel may make repairs. Machines, which have become wet must be thoroughly dried and tested before being used. Cables with damaged insulation or exposed bare conductors must be replaced. Joining lengths of work and electrode cables must be done by the use of connecting means specifically intended for the purpose and the connecting means must insulation adequate for the service conditions. Cooling air does not exceed 104 degrees F. The following limits must not be exceeded: For alternating - current machines: -Manual arc welding and cutting P 80 volts -Automatic (machine or mechanized) arc welding and cutting p 100 volts For direct-current machines: -Manual arc welding and cutting p 100 volts -Automatic (machine or mechanized) arc welding and cutting p 100 volts 56

57 When special welding and cutting processes require values of open circuit voltages higher than these limits, adequate insulation or other means must be provided to prevent the operator from making accidental contact with the high voltage. Before starting operations, all connections to the machine must be checked to make certain they are properly made. The work lead must be firmly attached to the work; magnetic work clamps must be freed from metal particles on contact surfaces. Coiled welding cable must be spread out before use to avoid serious overheating and damage to insulation. Grounding of the welding machine frame must also be checked, with special attention given to safety ground connections of portable machines. It must further be attention given to safety determined that proper switching equipment for shutting down the machine is provided. Because of their potentially explosive nature, we strongly recommend that no welding cutting or hot work be attempted on used drums, barrels, tanks or other containers under any circumstances. If possible, work to be welded should be placed on a firebrick surface at a comfortable height. Welding should never be done directly on a concrete floor. Heat from the arc can cause steam to build up in the floor, which could cause an explosion. The welder cables should be positioned so that sparks and molten metal will not fall on them. they should also be kept free of grease and oil and located where they will not be driven over. Electric welders can kill by electric shock. If the welding operation must be done on steel or other conductive material an insulating mat must be used under the operator. If the welding area is wet or damp or the operator is actively perspiring, then they should wear rubber gloves under the welding gloves. It is easier and safer to establish an arc on a clean surface than a dirty or rust one. Therefore, metal should always be thoroughly cleaned by wire brushing or other method prior to welding. When chipping slag or wire brushing the finished bead the operator should always be sure to protect his eyes and body from flying slag and chips. Unused electrodes and electrode stubs should not be left on the floor as they create a slipping hazard. Hot metal should be handled with metal tongs or pliers. When quenching hot metal left to cool should be carefully marked "HOT" with soapstone. When welding is finished for the day or suspended for any length of time, electrodes should be removed from the holder. The holder should be placed where no accidental contact could occur and the welder should be disconnected from the power source. First-Aid Engine Powered Welders -Always operate in an open well-ventilated area or vent the engine exhaust directly outdoors -Never fuel the engine while running or in the presence of an open flame -Wipe up spilled fuel immediately and wait for fumes to disperse before starting the engine. NEVER remove the radiator pressure cap from liquid cooled engines while they are hot to prevent scalding yourself -Stop the engine before performing any maintenance or troubleshooting. The ignition system should be disabled to prevent accidental start of the engine -Keep all guards and shield in place -Keep hands, hair and clothing away from moving parts The welding area should be equipped with a fire blanket and a well-stocked first-aid kit. It is desirable that one person be trained in first-aid to treat the minor injuries that may occur. All injuries, no matter how minor they may seem can become more serious if not properly treated by trained medical personnel. 57

58 Remember: -Be sure the welder is properly installed and grounded -Never weld without adequate ventilation -Take proper precautions to prevent fires -Protect your entire body with fire retardant clothing, shoes and gloves -Wear eye protection at all times -Weld only in fire safe areas -Never do any welding, cutting or hot work on used drums, barrels, tanks or other containers -Mark metal "HOT" with soapstone -Keep well stocked first-aid kit and fire extinguisher handy Oxygen-fuel Gas Welding and Cutting General Requirements Mixtures of fuel gases and air or oxygen may be explosive and must be guarded against. No device or attachment facilitating or permitting mixtures of air or oxygen with flammable gases prior to consumption may be allowed except at the burner or in a standard torch, or unless approved for the purpose. Workers in charge of the oxygen or fuel-gas supply equipment (including generators) and distribution piping systems must be instructed and judged competent for this important work before being left in charge. Rules and instructions covering operation and maintenance must be readily available. All portable cylinders used for the storage and shipment of compressed gases must be constructed and maintained in accordance with the appropriate regulations and so labelled. Compressed gas cylinders must be legibly marked with either the chemical or the trade name of the gas. The marking must be stencilled, tamped or labelled and must not be readily removable. Whenever practical, it must be located on the shoulder of the cylinder. Storage of Cylinders Cylinders must be kept away from radiators and other sources of heat. Inside of buildings, cylinders must be stored in a well-protected, well-ventilated, dry location at least 20 feet away from highly combustible materials such as oils or excelsior. Cylinders should be stored in definitely assigned places away from elevators, stairs or gangways. Assigned storage spaces must be located where cylinders will not be knocked over or damaged by passing or falling objects or subject to tampering by unauthorized persons. Cylinders should be chained to a fixed object (ie. wall) to prevent inadvertent tipping. Cylinders must not be kept in unventilated enclosures such as lockers and cupboards. Empty cylinders must have their valves closed. Valve protection caps must always be in place, hand tight, except when cylinders are in use or connected for use. Oxygen cylinders must not be stored: -Near highly combustible material, especially oil and grease -Near reserve stocks of carbide and acetylene or other fuel-gas cylinders -Near any other substance likely to cause or accelerate fire or -In any acetylene generator compartment 58

59 Oxygen cylinders in storage must be separated a minimum distance of 20 feet from fuel-gas cylinders or combustible materials (especially oil or grease), or by a non-combustible barrier at least five feet high having a fire-resistance rating of at least one-half hour. Safety Procedures: Cylinders, cylinder valves, couplings, regulators, hose and apparatus must be kept free from oily or greasy substances. Oxygen cylinders or apparatus must ot be handled with oily hands or gloves. A jet of oxygen must never be permitted to strike an oily surface or greasy clothes or enter a fuel oil or other storage tank. When transporting cylinders, valve-protection caps must always be in place. Unless cylinders are secured on a special truck, regulators must be removed & valve-protection caps must be put in place before cylinders are moved. Cylinders not having fixed hand wheels must have keys, handles or nonadjustable wrenches on valve stems while these cylinders are in service. In multiple cylinder installations only one key or handle is required for each manifold. Cylinder valves must be closed before moving cylinders and when work is finished. Valves of empty cylinders must also be closed. If cylinders are found to have a leaky valve or fitting, which cannot be stopped by closing of the valve, the cylinder must be taken outdoors away from sources of ignition and slowly emptied. A warning should be placed near cylinders having leaking dues plugs or other leaking safety devices, which instructs persons not to approach then with a lighted cigarette or other source of ignition. Such cylinders should be plainly tagged, the supplier should be promptly notified and their instructions followed as to their return. Cylinders must be kept far enough away from the actual welding or cutting operation so that sparks, hot slag or flame will not reach them. Otherwise, fire-resistant shields must be provided. Cylinders must not be placed where they might become part of an electric circuit. Cylinders must be kept away from radiators, piping systems, layout tables, etc. that may be used for grounding electric circuits such as for arc welding machines. Any practice such as tapping of an electrode against a cylinder to strike an arc must be prohibited. Cylinders must not be dropped or otherwise toughly handled, not be permitted to strike each other violently. Cylinders may never be used as rollers or supports, whether full or empty. Rough handling, knocks or falls are liable to damage the cylinder, valve or safety devices and cause leakage. The numbers and markings stamped into cylinders must no be tampered with. Nor may anyone tamper with safety devices in cylinders or valves. Cylinder valves must not be tampered with, nor should any attempt be made to repair them. If trouble is experienced, the supplier should be promptly sent a report indicating the character of the trouble and the cylinder's serial number. The supplier's instructions must then be followed. No person, other than the gas supplier, may attempt to mix gases in a cylinder. No one, except the owner of the cylinder or person authorized by him or her, may refill a cylinder. Unless connected to a manifold, oxygen from a cylinder may not be used without first attaching an oxygen regulator to the cylinder valve. Before connecting the regulator to the cylinder valve, the valve must be opened slightly for an instant and then closed. Always stand to one side of the outlet when opening the cylinder valve. Never crack a fuel-gas cylinder valve near other welding work or near sparks, flame or other 59

60 possible sources of ignition. Before a regulator is removed from a cylinder valve, the cylinder valve must be closed and the gas released from the regulator. A hammer or wrench may not be used to open cylinder valves. If valves cannot be opened by hand, the supplier must be notified. Where a special wrench is required it must be left in position on the stem of the valve while the cylinder is in use, so that the fuel-gas flow can be quickly turned off in case of emergency. In the case of manifolded or coupled cylinders at least one such wrench must always be available for immediate use. Complete removal of the stem from diaphragm-type cylinder valve must be avoided. Fuel-gas cylinders must be placed with valve end up whenever they are in use. Liquefied gases must be stored and shipped with the valve end up. Nothing may be placed on top of an acetylene cylinder when in use which may damage the safety device or interfere with the quick closing of the valve. Fuel-gas must never be used from cylinders through torches or other devices equipped with shutoff valves without reducing the pressure through a suitable regulator attached to the cylinder valve or manifold. The cylinder valve must always be opened slowly. An acetylene cylinder valve must not be opened more than one and one-half turns of the spindle and preferably no more than three-fourths of a turn. Protective Equipment, hose and Regulators Hose showing leaks, burns, worn places or other defects rendering it unfit for service must be repaired or replaced. Pressure-reducing regulators must used for the gas and pressures for which they are intended. When regulators or parts of regulators, including gages, need repair, the work must be performed by skilled mechanics that have been properly instructed. Gauges on oxygen regulators must be marked "USE NO OIL". Union nuts and connections on regulators must be inspected before use detects faulty seats, which may cause leakage or gas when the regulators are attached to the cylinder valves. 60

61 SECTION 19 FALL ARREST PROTECTION We as your employer, are required to ensure all workers are protected against falling while using a scaffold, ladder, ramp, elevated work platform or when working near the edge of a floor, roof or excavation. An elevated work platform has many trade names; Zoom Boom, Scissor Lift, Genie Lift, etc., some can be mounted on service trucks or be self propelled. To simplify compliance with the applicable regulations, all workers must be protected who are at risk of falling: - More than a vertical distance of 10 feet (-3 meters) - Into open machinery - Into water or another liquid - Into or onto a hazardous substance or object - When using any elevated work platform regardless of height. Typically guardrails are installed to provide the protection, however, this is not always the case and an alternate means must be used. Workers using or moving (riding on) any elevated work platform must wear a full body harness with a shock absorbing lanyard that is securely attached to the machine. This is mandatory, regardless if the platform has guardrails; a bucket, a basket, etc. The foreman/supervisor is responsible for obtaining the fall arrest equipment and instructing the worker of the proper use and care of the full body harness and lanyard. Furthermore, it is the responsibility of that foreman to ensure the full body harnesses are being worn and used as required. Only issue the full body harnesses that comply with CSA Z standard. All lanyards must be CSA approved shock absorbing, equipped with manufactured ends that are double locking. The lanyard must be secured to a fixed structure that is designed for such attachment and be able to withstand a pull-out force of 5,000 pounds (-2,450 kg). Never put a shot into concrete using an eyebolt as an attachment point! The attachment point must be suitable for the fall arrest. Position the lanyard such that in the event of a fall, the worker will be arrested at a maximum of 5 feet (- 1.5 metres) below the point he was standing. When working beside unprotected openings and edges, workers must wear a CSA approved, full body safety harness with the shock-absorbing lanyard that is secured to a fixed support. It must have the capacity of a safe working load of 5,000 pounds (-2,450 kg) whenever the worker is more than 10 feet (- 3m) above the next level or above operating machinery, hazardous substances or objects, regardless of the possible fall height. When working near the edge/opening of a floor, roof or excavation site, fall arrest (or called work positioning in these cases) must be worn when working within 6 feet (-1.8 metres) of the edge/opening. When working on a ladder and any of the above noted conditions apply, fall arrest must be used. All workers must use 100% fall protection equipment. Fall protection systems consist of the fully body harness, lanyard and an attachment point. Some fall arrest systems are designed to allow the worker to travel along an I beam, floor, cat-walk or climb a ladder or scaffold. Before any worker uses any fall arrest system, the foremen must ensure that the worker has received training and instruction of the use of that system. All fall arrest systems must be designed for the intended use and comply with the provincial, general contractors of owners requirements. The requirements for vertical or horizontal fall arrest systems used on the project, shall be determined by the foremen in consultation with Employer s representative. 61

62 SECTION 20 ELEVATED WORK METHODS Elevated or overhead work may be carried out in several fashions on: - Ladders. - Portable stairs. - Scaffolds; wheeled & suspended. - Powered lifts; (e.g. Up-Pups, Zoom Booms, Skyjacks, etc.). - Roofs, flat and sloping, top of tanks, fixtures or equipment. SECTION 21 DETERMINATION OF THE BEST TRADE PRACTICES FOR THE PERFORMANCE OF ELEVATED WORK. All elevating work platforms or ladders shall be used in accordance with the CSA standard it was certified for and as instructed by the manufacturer. Consideration must always be given to the stability and fall protection requirements when choosing a suitable elevated work platform. Scaffolds Use 1. Scaffolds should be considered when working above a 5 foot (-1.5m) level below the worker s foot. 2. When working on a continuous basis (the better part of the shift) at one location. 3. Assembling complex or bulky equipment at an elevated height, (i.e., the equipment) cannot be most assembled on the ground and lifted into place. 4. Requiring more than one worker in close proximity to each other installing the equipment. Special Purpose Unconventional Ladders 1. Trestle Ladders, Platform Ladders, Extension Trestle Ladders or other Special Purpose Unconventional Ladders, used shall be examined on a case by case basis to assess if these ladders are a more practical means of performing the required task. 2. All ladders shall be used in accordance with the CSA Standard it was certified for an as instructed by the manufacturer. 62

63 SECTION 22 SAFE WORK PRACTICES FOR STEPLADDERS 1. All stepladders must be built to or better than CSA Grade 1 and be constructed from materials suitable for the intended use. 2. The total combined weight of tools and personnel shall not exceed the design requirements for a CSA Grade 1 ladder of 250 pounds (-144 kg) of, if the ladder is a CSA grade 1A, then the combined weight is 300 pounds (-136 kg). 3. Each stepladder must be inspected prior to use for defects. 4. Defective ladders shall be repaired in accordance with the manufacturers design and by only those who are qualified and authorized to do so by the employer. 5. No modifications to the stepladders shall be made from the original design. This includes painting of the ladders but does not include the installations of identification markings made by the Tool and Equipment Managers in accordance with the manufacturer s instructions. 6. When in use, spreaders must be fully opened and licked in place. 7. The maximum length must not exceed 20 feet (-6 m) in length. 8. Fall arrest is required when working above 10 feet (-3 m) in height. 9. The ground shall be level and firm enough to prevent any leg from sinking. The use of Mudsills made of suitable materials is encouraged. 10. No rubble, planks or other non-engineered materials or structures shall be placed under any of the legs to increase the reach of that stepladder. At all times, the stepladder must have a firm footing. 11. Only one person shall use the ladder at any time. 12. Do not use a stepladder to support any equipment or materials. 13. Stepladders are not to be used as a support for planks or scaffold platforms. 14. Do not straddle the top of the stepladder. 15. Do not use the top of a stepladder as a rung. 16. Do not climb above the 3rd rung from the top. 17. Never lean the center of the body (at waist height) beyond a side rail. 18. Always work facing towards the steps of the ladder in such a way that the body can be supported against the steps and side rails (if necessary). 19. Worker training shall be conducted on the safe practices for stepladders in their project orientation or via the current Job Box safety talk forum. 63

64 20. No excessive pushing or pulling of tools or equipment while standing on the rungs of a ladder. Keep in mind our policy limits this force to 20 pound (9 kg). 21. When using a stepladder near an opening of a floor, edge or a building or around hazardous material or equipment. Where there is a risk of falling through that opening, the worker shall be protected with a fall arrest system regardless of how far off the floor). Consideration shall be made to securing the ladder to prevent it from falling through the opening. 22. A 3-point contact shall be maintained while ascending or descending any ladder (1 hand and 2 feet, or 2 hands and 1 foot). SECTION 23 SCAFFOLDS Scaffolds should always be erected under the supervision of a person qualified in their construction and use. Although scaffold systems vary between manufacturers, certain fundamental requirements are common to all scaffold systems. Frame scaffolds over 50 feet (-15m) in height must be designed by a professional engineer and supervisors must ensure that they are constructed in accordance with the design. Foundations and Support Surfaces Scaffolds must be erected on surfaces that can adequately support all load applied by the scaffold. Floors are usually adequate to support scaffold loads of workers, tools and light materials. As loads become greater, the floors, (especially the older wood on types), should be examined to ensure that they will support the anticipated loads. In some cases, shoring below the floor and directly under the scaffold legs may be necessary. To support scaffolds, backfilled soils must be well compacted and levelled. Mud and soft soil should be replaced with compacted gravel or crushed stone Embankments that appear unstable or susceptible to erosion by rain must be contained otherwise the scaffold must be set far enough back to avoid settlement or failure of the embankment. Where mudsills must be placed on sloping ground, levelling the area should be done wherever possible, by excavating rather than backfilling. Scaffolds erected on any type of soil should be placed on a mudsill. The mudsill should be a minimum of 2 inch x 10 inch planks (-51 millimetres x 254 millimetres) full size and should be continuous under at least two consecutive supports. Scaffold feet should rest centrally on the mudsill and the sill should where possible, project at least 2 feet (-6 m) beyond the scaffold foot. Scaffold Use 1. Scaffold planks must be cleated or securely fastened when used on scaffolds inch (-51 mm) thick full cut planks of sound crack-free lumber or fabricated steel planks must be used for scaffolding. 3. Planks must be free of ice or slippery material. Remove mud, grease and snow from boots and ladders before climbing scaffolding. 4. Scaffolding must be used on solid footing. 5. Scaffolding wheels must be locked. 64

65 Inspection 6. When using scaffolding higher than three sections or the height to width ratio exceeds 3:1, outriggers or securely stabilized to prevent tipping. 7. Only authorized persons are to be on the scaffold and/or ladders. Keep all other persons off. 8. Compensate for unevenness of floor or ground by solid blocking and the use of adjusting screws. 9. Guardrails and toe boards are required on all elevated work platforms. 10. All workers are required to wear a safety harness while working on the scaffold. The lanyard is to be secured in such a manner as to arrest the fall of a worker. 11. Parts, materials and tools must not be left loose overhead at any time. 12. All parts, fittings and accessories required for a scaffold assembly should be installed in accordance with manufacturers instructions. Base plates should always be used. Frame scaffold coupling devices should always be used and installed property on every leg of the scaffold at every joint as assembly proceeds. Wheels or casters when used, should be securely attached to the scaffold and equipped with brakes. 13. Ensure there are enough components for the job. Before use, scaffold should be inspected for damage to - Frames, braces and other structural components. - Hooks on manufactured platforms. - Splits, knots and dry rot in planks. - Lamination in laminated veneer lumber planks. Check structural components, bent, damaged or severely rusted should not be used. Similarly, platforms with damaged hooks should not be used until properly repaired. Planks showing damage should be discarded and removed from the site so that they cannot be used for platform material Before erecting a scaffold, check the location for: - Ground conditions. - Overhead wire obstruction. - Variations in surface elevation. - Tie-in locations and methods. Care must be taken when installing a scaffold near power lines. For voltages of 750 to 150,000 volts, the scaffold must be 10 feet (-3.0 m) away. Shielding may be necessary in some cases if contact to the power lines is possible. See Section 7 for more details. 65

66 SECTION 24 ROLLING SCAFFOLDS Rolling scaffolds have the same falling and collapsing hazards as fixed scaffolds in addition they have the problem of unexpected movement (BRAKE FAILURE). Ensure that the: - Height does not exceed 3 TIMES the least lateral dimension. OUTRIGGERS may be used to enhance stability. ALL OUTRIGGERS MUST BE FULLY EXTENDED AND LOCKED BEFORE MOUNTING. - Brakes on each wheel are in good condition and brakes are applied when working on the platform. Rolling Scaffolds exceeding 10 feet (-3m), SHALL NOT be moved with someone on the scaffold. SECTION 25 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT Personal protective equipment is designed to provide an effective barrier between a worker and potentially dangerous objects, substances and processes. - CSA certified class B hard hats must be worn at all times, which must be inspected regularly and replaced in cracks, deep scratches and other defects are detected. - Each worker must wear CSA approved work boots to provide adequate protection against injury. Tennis shoes, running shoes and light canvas shoes, even if they are CSA approved, are not acceptable. - CSA certified protective eyewear must be worn when necessary. - Hearing Protection is required when working with power tools or when voices must be raised to converse. - Clothing: shirts with 4 sleeves and full length trousers must be worn at all times. - When ventilation is not practical, workers must be provided with respirators appropriate to the hazards and be trained to use and maintain the respirators properly..1 It is the responsibility of the Project Superintendent assisted by the Responsibility Project/District Loss Prevention Supervisor to review and establish personal protective equipment requirements for the project. A Personal Protective Checklist has been included at the end of this section to assist in determining the general personal protective equipment requirements. SECTION 26 FIRE EXTINGUISHERS Fire extinguishers shall be strategically located throughout the jobsite, prominently marked for any detection and comply with local regulatory requirements. 66

67 SECTION 27 HEARING PROTECTION Each worker should have hearing protection available at work since continuous exposure to excessive noise from certain construction activities can lead to hearing loss. Hearing protection is available in three general types (Figure 20): - disposable ear plugs (made of pliable material, one size fits all but can be used only once) - permanent plugs (must be fitted to provide a good seal but can be washed and reused) - earmuffs (when properly fitted and worn, these generally provide more protection than earplugs). Personnel working in noisy areas or with noisy equipment such as circular saws, hammer drills, and screw guns should wear hearing protection. Prolonged exposure to noise levels exceeding 90 decibels is harmful. Table 2 illustrates maximum exposures for workers not equipped with hearing protection. For example, a worker exposed to 99 decibels is at risk after one hour, but could safely work the shift if properly fitted hearing protection is work. Unprotected Exposure Guide Noise Level (dba) Duration (Hours) / / No unprotected exposure Table 2 The decibel scale is logarithmic. For example, 93 decibels is twice as much noise as 90 decibels; 100 decibels is ten times more than 90! 67

68 SECTION 28 HEAT STRESS/COLD STRESS Health Effect Symptoms Treatment Heat Rash Red, bumpy rash with severe itching Change into dry clothes and avoid hot environments. Rinse skin with cool water. Wash regularly to keep skin clean and dry. Fainting Heat Cramps Heat Exhaustion Heat Stroke Sudden fainting after at least two hours of work; cool, moist skin; weak pulse Heat cramps are painful, involuntary muscle spasms that usually occur during heavy exercise in hot environments. Inadequate fluid intake often contributes to this problem. The spasms may be more intense and prolonged than typical nocturnal leg cramps. Muscles most often affected include the calves, arms, abdomen and back, although the cramps may involve any muscle group involved in the exercise. Signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion often begin suddenly, sometimes after excessive exercise, perspiration and inadequate fluid intake. Features resemble shock and include: feeling faint, nausea, ashen appearance, rapid heartbeat, low blood pressure, hot, red, dry or sweaty skin, low-grade fever, generally less than 40⁰C. The main sign of heat stroke is a markedly elevated temperature - generally greater than 40⁰C - with hot, dry skin and changes in mental status ranging from personality changes to confusion and coma. Other signs may include: rapid heartbeat, rapid and shallow breathing, elevated or lowered blood pressure, cessation of sweating, irritability, confusion or unconsciousness, fainting, which can be the first sign in older adults. Get MEDICAL ATTENTION. Assess need for CPR. Move to a cool area; loosen clothing; make person lie down; and if the person is conscious, offer sips of cool water. Fainting may also be due to other illnesses. If you suspect heat cramps: Rest briefly and cool down, Drink water or an electrolyte-containing sports drink. Practice gently, range-of-motion stretching and gentle massage of the affected muscle group. If you suspect heat exhaustion: Get the person out of the sun and into a shady or an air-conditioned location. Lay the person down and elevate the feet slightly. Loosen or remove the person's clothing. Have the person drink cold water, not iced, or a sports drink containing electrolytes. Cool the person by spraying him or her with cool water and fanning. Monitor the person carefully. Heat exhaustion can quickly become heatstroke. If fever - especially greater than 40⁰C - fainting, confusion or seizures occur, CALL FOR EMERGENCY MEDICAL ASSISTANCE. If you suspect heat stroke: Move the person out of the sun and into a shady or air-conditioned space. Dial 911 or CALL FOR EMERGENCY MEDICAL ASSISTANCE. Cool the person down by covering him or her with damp sheets or by spraying with cool water. Direct air onto the person with a fan or newspaper. 68

69 Humidex Based Heat Response Plan The Humidex Response Plan is a simplified way of protecting workers from heat stress. Note: In the transition process some simplifications and assumptions have been made and therefore alterations may have to be made in some circumstances. COLD STRESS Cold stress may occur when working at cold temperatures. Personal factors, such as age, weight and level of fitness, medical condition, medication use and acclimatization effect how well the body deals with excess cold. Cold injuries are classified as either localized (such as frostnip, frostbite), or generalized as in hypothermia (a lowering of the body's temperature). Responding to Cold-Related Illness: The guidance below will be used in identifying and treating cold-related illness. Type of Cold- Related Illness Frostnip Frostbite Symptoms -Firm, cold, white areas on the face, ears or extremities -Peeling or blistering that may appear similar to sun burn -Mild hypersensitivity to cold persist -The area is cold, hard, white and anaesthetic -On warming is becomes red, swollen and painful First Aid -Warm the area with an unaffected hand or a warm object -Do not use hot water -Do not rub the area with anything including snow or cloths. This may cause damage to fragile skin -Notify EMS as soon as possible or be prepared to transport victim to a medical facility, even after treatment of frostbite -Make sure there is no risk of re-freezing. Skin that re-freezes after thawing will have more damage -Remove victim from cold environment; ensure there is no possibility of hypothermia. (If there is, see below) -Fill a shallow container with enough water to cover the frostbitten body part. Make sure the water is at room temperature. The water does not have to be cool, but it cannot be too warm. The warmer the water, the worse the pain. -Immerse the injured area; ensure that the skin does not come into contact with anything! -Repeat the above step by refreshing the water as it cools until the skin is back to a normal colour and texture. This may take several hours depending on the severity of the injury. -Remember to transport the victim to a medical assistance for further assessment after the above steps. 69

70 Type of Cold- Related Illness Hypothermia Symptoms Common signs to look for are: -Shivering -Slurred speech -Abnormally slow rate of breathing -Cold, pale skin -Fatigue, lethargy or confusion First Aid -Remove the victim from the cold environment -For cases of extreme hypothermia, where the patient is showing signs of confusion, slurred speech, fumbling hands, or go unconscious, notify EMS -Remove any wet clothing from the victim and replace with dry clothing. (A dry hat is recommended to be worn) -Wrap victim in blankets -Use heat packs to warm the patient. Do not allow the packs to touch naked skin -Victims who are Alert may drink warm liquids, however, do not give drinks containing alcohol, caffeine, or give a drink that is too hot ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION PROTECTION To protect against exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, workers will observe the following requirements: DEHYDRATION -All workers will wear sunglass-type safety glasses at all times when working outdoors during daylight hours. Provided by contractor/subcontractor. -Workers will utilize a commercial sun-block with a minimum solar protection factor (SPF) of 30. Provided by the contractor/subcontractor. -Long sleeve garments are recommended as they provide additional UV protection. Dehydration occurs when your body loses too much fluid. This can happen when you stop drinking water and can be accelerated by work in hot or dry conditions. Not drinking enough fluids can cause muscle cramps, fainting and shock, which is a life-threatening condition. Water should routinely be consumed throughout the day, and drinking should increase with activity level. Dehydration can affect the body's ability to recognize thirst, so drink water on a time schedule. In desert conditions it is important that workers drink enough water that urination is required at least every two hours. Water is best hydration fluid. If sports drinks are used they should be diluted at least 50% with water prior to drinking. Contractors/subcontractors must supply their employees with potable water. 70

71 SECTION 29 PROPANE HAZARDS Background and Introduction Propane is a fuel that is commonly used at construction projects. Unfortunately, the dangers are often forgotten. Propane is stored at high pressure and is very flammable. If the proper precautions are not taken extensive damage to life and property can result. It is important to understand the hazards of propane and to know the procedures and controls used to reduce the hazard. Special training is required to work with propane and propane equipment. This course is designed to provide the information and practice so that construction workers can safely connect, disconnect and activate propane torches, vehicles and heaters under 40,000 Btuh. Goal On completion of this module, the participant will be able to recognize and evaluate the hazards of propane, and demonstrate how to safely connect, disconnect and activate propane torches, vehicles and heaters up to 400,000 Btuh. Objectives Section 1 Propane Hazards The participants will be able to: 1. Identify five places where propane is found in construction. 2. Describe three properties of propane. 3. Recognize three hazards of working with propane and list three tasks where propane may be a hazard. Section 2 Legislation and Safe Practices 1. List three pieces of legislation that apply to propane. 2. Describe the training required to activate, connect and disconnect a construction heater with an input up to 400,000 Btuh. 3. List five rules for the storage and use of propane. 4. List three requirements of the Ontario Propane Code with regard to where propane heaters can be located. 5. Demonstrate how to determine the ventilation required for an enclosed space with a propane heater. 6. List three required safety features for equipment used with propane. 7. List three general rules for handling propane cylinders and describe the correct procedure for lighting a heater. Section 3 Connection, Activation and Disconnection of Propane Equipment 1. Demonstrate the proper method of handling a propane cylinder. 2. Demonstrate the proper method to manifold three cylinders together. 3. Demonstrate the proper procedure for connecting, lighting and shutting down a heater and a torch. 4. Demonstrate the proper procedure for changing a cylinder with a liquid cylinder valve. 5. List three problems that may occur with propane heater and torch systems and their solution. 71

72 **NOTE: TRAINING MUST BE COMPLETED PRIOR TO HANDLING PROPANE. CONTACT YOUR SUPERVISOR TO ARRANGE TRAINING** 72

73 Introduction Packaged under pressure, propane gas presents three hazards if misused: 1. high flammability and explosive potential 2. displacement of breathable air in confined spaces (also, being heavier than air, propane will collect in low areas) 3. contact injury from accidental exposure to a substance under high pressure. We will not cover the use of propane in the roofing industry. Propane - Physical Characteristics Propane or liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is a by-product of petroleum or natural gas refining which is packaged under pressure in cylinders. In its stored state it is a liquid but is released from the cylinder or tank in a gaseous form. The boiling point of propane, the point at which the liquid converts to a gas, is C (-44 F). If the surrounding air temperature is above this, gas will form in the upper part of the cylinder (Figure 1). Cutaway view of vapour withdrawal propane cylinder. (Figure 1) The pressure within the container is variable depending on the temperature to which the container is exposed (Table 1). The pressure increases as the temperature rises, causing expansion of the liquid. For this reason containers are never fully charged with liquid, but have a vapour space at the top of the tank to allow for normal expansion. Should the temperature rise above safe limits, a relief valve will open to allow release of the gas in a measured amount. This release is generally over in seconds. The valve reseals and remains closed until the pressure builds up again. Cylinder relief valves are set at kpa (375 lb per square inch). Propane is packaged in a number of cylinder types and sizes to meet a variety of applications: 100-lb cylinders for construction heaters, roofing kettles, and other appliances that consume large amounts of fuel. They are called 100 lb cylinders because they are charged with 100 lb of liquid at the propane plant. 20-lb cylinders for oxypropane welding set-ups. (This is a familiar size that will be used on such appliances as household gas barbecues.) 10 and 20 lb cylinders for soldering work. 14 oz. throwaway containers for various hand-held torch applications. Propane can be easily compressed from a gaseous to a liquid state in small cylinders, making it very portable. When the liquid converts back to a gas, it expands 270 times in volume. Compared to natural gas, propane has a heating value that is 2.5 times greater. One cubic foot of propane converts to 2500 BTUs, while one cubic foot of natural gas converts to only 1000 BTUs. This explains why so much energy (BTUs) can be contained in a small cylinder, making it a very convenient fuel for the contractor. But the high-energy value of propane also makes it very dangerous to 73

74 handle. It only takes a tiny leak to form an explosive gas/air mixture. The high flammability of propane can be seen by comparing its ignition characteristics with those of gasoline (Table 2). Table 1 Table 2 Minimum ignition temperature range Flammability limits in air Vapour density (air=1) Minimum flash point Propane C ( F) % C (-156 F) Gasoline C ( F) % C (-60 F) When you consider that the heat from a lighted cigarette ranges between 1000 F and 1600 F, and that a lighted match produces 2000 F, all that is necessary for combustion is a sufficient quantity of propane gas mixed with air. This is why safety procedures must be followed so that a very efficient energy source does not become a hazard to workers. Safe Handling of Cylinders In construction, most propane applications dispense the fuel in a vapour form. For this reason it is essential that portable cylinders be transported, stored, and used in an upright position. Propane liquid must never come in contact with the cylinder relief valve. If liquid escapes through the valve, large volumes of gas will be released. On a construction heater, for example, this can cause a serious overburn with flames extending many feet past the burner tip. The simplest way to avoid the problem is to fasten cylinders in an upright position with rope, wire, or other means. When transporting by truck, take extra care to keep cylinders upright and stationary. Cylinders should not be transported in an automobile trunk or in a closed van. Because propane is heavier than air, escaping gas can collect in a confined space and create an explosive atmosphere, as well as threaten life by displacing breathable air. Store cylinders safely on the jobsite. They should be stored away from buildings, preferably in a separate compound out of traffic areas and where they are in no danger of being struck by falling materials or moving equipment. A simple compound can be constructed using a length of snow fence and a few T-bars (Figure 2). When properly constructed, this barrier provides a means of tying up the cylinders as well as controlling stock. Cylinders should not be stored closer than 25 feet to a property line. Empty cylinders should be stored on one side, full on the other. Don't mix the cylinders. The compound should not be 74

75 close to an area where flammable liquids such as gasoline and diesel fuel are stored. only cylinders that are in use should be inside a building. ( In use means hooked up to a construction heater or other appliance.) Figure 2 Simple but secure on-site storage Propane must not be stored inside a building unless in a specially constructed explosion-proof room, which meets the propane and fire codes. Do not locate cylinders in stairwells and hallways. Leaking gas or the outbreak of fire can block exits and prevent escape. When moving cylinders of gas around the jobsite, remember the following precautions. Keep cylinders upright. Use a hand cart, never roll cylinders. Use a hoisting cradle to move cylinders from one level to another (Figure 4). Never use a sling. This practice is prohibited by the Construction Regulation under the Occupational Health and Safety Act. Never hook onto the protective collar around the valve. Keep cylinders away from heat sources. Figure 4 Heaters You must have a record of training (ROT) recognized by the Technical Standards and Safety Authority (TSSA) before you can hook up and light a propane-fired heater. When hooking up and using construction heaters, observe the following precautions. All connections must be made by a competent worker. Inspect burner, controls, regulator, and hose for defects. Have any damaged parts repaired or replaced. Gas-burning equipment should only be repaired by licensed service personnel. Make sure all hose and valve connections are clean. Use fitting wrenches to make connections. Don't use adjustable pipe wrenches. 75

76 Figure 5 Secure the cylinder and keep it at least 10 feet away from the heater. Hose length must be between 15 feet and 50 feet. Cylinders should be at least 10 feet away from the heaters. The cylinder should be placed well clear of any heat source and never at the flame end of a heater. Have a 4A40BC fire extinguisher on hand before lighting the heater. When connections are made, slowly open the cylinder valve and check for leaks when the hose line is full of gas. Cylinder valves in use must be fully opened. Check for leaks with soapy water (Figure 6) or a leak detector. Sometimes you may notice a gas odour or frost appearing on a fitting, but these signs are not always reliable. If a leak is detected, shut off the cylinder valve and make corrections. Fully close valves when not in use. If the cylinder valve is opened too quickly it may cause closing (slugging) of the excess flow check valve. The purpose of this valve is to shut off gas flow should the regulator accidentally be broken off. Figure 6 - Soap Test for Leaks To unslug the check valve, shut off the flow at the cylinder, wait a couple of minutes for the check valve to reopen, then proceed. The cylinder valve should be opened slowly to its normal limit, approximately 1-1/2 to 2 turns. Do not force the valve beyond this limit. Secure the cylinder by tying or wiring it to a column or other upright. Keep cylinders out of traffic areas where they may be knocked over. Cylinder and heater must always be in the same room so that the cylinder valve can be shut down quickly if trouble develops. Keep heaters away from flammable materials. The heat from a burner is effective well past the tip. Watch for a drop in pressure or reduced flame efficiency. This indicates that gas is being withdrawn too quickly, and may require additional cylinders to be hooked up in manifold. Never attempt to increase the amount of vapour by applying heat to the cylinder. 76

77 Figure 7 Typical Manifold Set-up Where possible, use only single cylinders for heaters. However, if cylinders must be manifolded, use no more than three 100-pound cylinders (Figure 7). If other heaters with manifolded cylinders are to be operated in the same area, they must be at least fifty feet away or be separated by a firewall. Remember that propane is heavier than air and will collect in low areas such as trenches, pits, and basements where it can create a flammable or explosive situation (Figure 8). Never attempt to tie down, defeat, or bypass safety devices on a construction heater. If the heater is defective, replace it. If the heater is inadequate, get extra heaters or replace it with a larger one. If the flame goes out, act with caution. Shut off the gas supply, then determine whether escaped gas is concentrated in the area. Because of its strong odour, you can usually smell propane. However, in a confined space, test with a gas detection device. If escaped gas is detected or even suspected, ventilate and purge the area thoroughly before relighting the unit. Figure 8 Heavier than air, propane gas can collect in low areas and create the potential for asphyxiation or explosion. Warning - If the heater is in a confined or low-lying area, escaped gas can be hazardous. Never enter the area without help standing by. Never attempt to relight until the gas is completely purged from the area. Never expose any part of your skin to liquid propane. Propane under pressure is extremely cold and can cause frostbite. Always wear gloves when handling cylinders. Don't allow propane gas to saturate your clothing. A highly flammable situation can remain for some time after the exposure. Saturated clothing should be removed and aired outside. Never operate heaters without adequate ventilation. Follow manufacturer's recommendations on the plate. 77

78 Bulk Tanks Propane construction heaters that operate from a central bulk storage tank are common on large construction projects. This type of installation takes planning and close consultation between contractor and gas supplier to select a safe, convenient tank storage area that will not interfere with on-site traffic and materials handling, nor infringe on property line clearance requirements. The bulk tank and feed lines are installed by licensed service personnel, but hooking up the heaters is generally left to workers on the site. The feed lines are usually well provided with hook-up points called station valves. They consist of a shut-off and a connection point for a flexible hose. However, the same rules for hooking up to a portable container apply here. Check for leaks at the hook-up point after installing flexible heater line. Make sure the shut-off valve is in the same room as the heater. If heat is required in an area that is not serviced by a valve a qualified service person should extend the line, or take off a spur line using approved piping and install a valve at its terminus. Flexible hose lengths should never exceed 25 feet between heater and station valve. Welding and Cutting In recent years, propane has become a popular energy source in open flame welding and cutting. Combined with oxygen in a manner similar to oxyacetylene welding, it provides a gas mix that is considered much more stable by many users. While welding cylinders are generally smaller than cylinders used for construction heaters, they should be treated with the same care. Fittings should be clean and free of grease before hooking up. Fitting wrenches should be used to avoid damage to parts. Cylinders should be in an upright position at all times, kept in a suitable cradle when in use, and preferably tied upright to prevent tipping over (Figure 9). A fire extinguisher (4A40BC minimum) should be kept close when using any torch. Regulators should be removed and stored in a protective case when not in use, along with hoses and torches. Consult manufacturer's handbook for oxypropane regulator settings. They are very different from oxyacetylene settings. For more information, refer to Welding and Cutting in this manual. Lift Ring for Hoisting Figure 9 Oxypropane Welding Cart 78

79 Summary The safe use of propane depends on twelve basic rules: 1) Don't store cylinders inside a building. 2) Remove cylinders from the building when not in use or when empty. 3) Keep cylinders away from heat sources, and flammables away from heaters. 4) Always secure cylinders to prevent upset. 5) Never transport cylinders in an enclosed vehicle or trunk. 6) Always use proper gear for hoisting or moving cylinders around the worksite. 7) Keep heaters in good condition. Repairs and maintenance should be done only by licensed service personnel. 8) Always have a fire extinguisher handy (4A40BC minimum). 9) Protect stored cylinders or bulk tanks from on-site traffic. 10) Don't tamper with controls or safety devices. 11) Never enter an area where leaking gas is suspected. 12) Don't use or store cylinders of propane in low areas such as trenches, maintenance holes, or basements. 79

80 CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PROGRAM AND PLAN SECTION 30 80

81 I OBJECTIVES OF CONFINED SPACES ENTRY PROGRAM Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd. Confined Space Entry Program supports Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd. Occupational Health and Safety Policy/Program and recognizes the potential confined space hazards on each job site. The Program allows for the following: - Identification of locations or situations where confined space entry and work is required. - A method of assessing the hazards to which workers may be exposed. - A plan for safe installation, inspection, maintenance, and repair of equipment and facilities where the assessment indicates a hazardous atmosphere may be caused by the construction, location, contents, or work activity within it. - Use of an entry and work permit system to ensure that only authorized and trained workers are sent into a confined space. - Training and education of workers who supervise or perform work in a confined space. - Compliance with the requirements of the Occupational Health and Safety Act of Ontario and the relevant regulations and industry standards. - Preparation and use of a coordination document when Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd. is the constructor of the project. - Assigning responsibilities to all workplace parties. II ROLES AND DUTIES - ALL WORKPLACE PARTIES: This section outlines the responsibilities within Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd. for implementation of the Confined Space Entry Program. 1. Management Management has the primary responsibility for controlling access to and authorizing work in confined spaces. This responsibility applies to work performed by Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd. workers or contractors/employers hired by Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd. Management is also responsible to ensure that all workers who are required to work in a confined space are trained as per regulation 213/ Supervisors Supervisors must be familiar with the requirements of this Program and ensure those workers or contractors/employers under their supervision understand the general and specific procedures and know how to conduct their confined space tasks in accordance with this Program. Supervisors must complete the Constructor Coordination document when Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd. is the constructor of the project and other employers/contractors need to enter confined spaces on the project.[form attached]. 81

82 Supervisors must complete the Inventory of Confined Spaces Form* for each project. Supervisors must complete the Confined Space Hazard Assessment Form* for each project. * The Inventory and Confined Space Hazard assessment information is combined in a single report [form attached]. Supervisors must review and sign the Confined Spaces Entry Permit before any worker enters a confined space. [form attached ] 3. Workers Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd.' workers who are required to enter and perform work in confined spaces shall work in accordance with this Program. All workers shall: 1. Enter or re-enter a confined space only if the entry permit has been completed and signed by the supervisor. 2. Be aware of the symptoms of exposure to hazardous atmospheres. This will be addressed in the training program. 3. Know how to use all equipment. If in doubt do not enter and ask the supervisor for directions. 4. Maintain communication with the attendant using a pre-arranged method as specified on the Confined Space Work Permit form. 5. Alert the attendant whenever you feel any adverse health effects when in the confined space. 6. Adhere to directions given by the attendant. 7. Report any hazards immediately to supervisor. 82

83 4. Employers/Sub-Contractors Employers/contractors contracted to enter and perform work in confined spaces shall comply with legislative requirements and shall work in a manner that is consistent with Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd. Health and Safety Policy and Program and Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd. Confined Space Entry Program. All employers and Sub-Contractors shall cooperate in the preparation of the required coordination document. All contractors/employers must provide proof of worker training before performing work in confined spaces on Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd.. 5. Training Providers Consultants, manufacture representatives or designated organizations will provide appropriate confined space training to Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd.. III IDENTIFICATION AND INVENTORY OF CONFINED SPACES All confined spaces on Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd. projects must be identified. The project supervisor in conjunction with the relevant Joint Health and Safety Committees/Representative if any must develop this inventory. A copy of the Confined Spaces Identification/Hazard Assessment form must be posted in the site trailer. [Form attached] IV EDUCATION AND TRAINING All Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd. workers required to work in confined spaces as well as those Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd. supervisors who authorize work in confined spaces shall receive appropriate training as per Ont. Rec.213/91. A 3 hour Hazard Awareness training course will be provided to all workers. Training in the Confined Spaces Plan specific to the project will be provided by the supervisor of Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd.. This will be completed at the project before entry is permitted. All workers assigned to the rescue team will be trained in confined spaces rescue procedures appropriate to Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd.. All workers required to use air testing and air monitoring equipment must be trained by the manufacture representative prior to use. All workers assigned to the rescue team must be trained in the proper use of all equipment for rescue purposes by the manufacture representative prior to use. If necessary, fall protection training must be provided as per section 26.2 of Ont. Reg. 213/91. 83

84 CONFINED SPACES ENTRY PLAN This section outlines the general procedures to be followed for entry into a confined space. 1. Hazard Identification Pre Entry - Workers should perform a visual inspection of the confined space to determine whether there are physical hazards of which the entrants should be aware (i.e., rusty or missing ladder rungs, deep water, slippery surfaces, trip hazards, etc.). - If there is a possibility of a fall greater than 3 m, an appropriate fall arrest device must be used and ensure that workers have received fall protection training as per Sec 26.2 Reg.213/91 - Once the potential hazards in the space have been identified and the workers take all necessary steps to protect themselves, the supervisor may than sign the confined space entry permit. 2. Lockout and Tag out Procedures If Applicable - Disconnect all power for all mechanical equipment in the confined space. - Lockout and tag the main disconnect switch and controls to prevent accidental start up. - Neutralize and lockout other power sources including steam, mechanical, gravity, compressed air, etc. - Double-isolate valves. - Blank-off all lines and systems that let hazardous materials into the confined space. Simply closing out a valve does not provide adequate isolation. Unless the valve is locked out, it could be opened and/or may leak. - For high-pressure steam, natural gas, compressed air, high and low pressure condensate, propane, and treated cold water, use a double-block and bleed system. - Block equipment parts that might move. - If Lockout and Tag procedures are necessary all workers will be required to attend and successfully complete a Lockout and Tag training program. 84

85 3. Air Testing and Constant Air Monitoring It is the policy of Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd. that all workers will wear a personal air monitor at all times when in a confined space. Personal air monitoring gives information about the concentration of hazardous substances surrounding the worker at all times. Because the majority of the atmospheric hazards which may be encountered in a confined space are not visible and because reliance on the sense of smell is far too risky, it is important to conduct air testing prior to entry into and while working in a confined space. Air testing for oxygen, flammables and toxics must be performed by a competent worker as defined in Ont. Reg. 213/91. This competent worker should fully understand the applications and limitations of air testing equipment and must be trained in the proper operation, calibration and maintenance of such equipment by the manufacture representative. The following guidelines shall be followed: - The air testing meter must be regularly calibrated. Follow all manufacture instructions re: instrument calibration. All calibrations should be documented in a designated logbook or as per manufacturer s instructions. - The air must be tested prior to entry into the confined space and the test results must be recorded on the entry permit.[ Form attached] - Follow all manufacturer's instructions when performing the air testing. Normally oxygen levels must be tested first, then flammables/combustibles since many flammability meters won't work if the atmosphere is oxygen deficient. Lastly, test for toxics such as carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulphide. - Test all vertical levels of the space (i.e., the top, middle and bottom). Also, check as much of the space s horizontal area as possible. Contaminants that are heavier than air (e.g., hydrogen sulphide) will settle near the bottom of the space. 4. Testing for Oxygen and Flammable/Combustible Materials - When testing for oxygen, the concentration must be between 19.5 and 23%. A space is considered oxygen-deficient if the oxygen concentration is below 19.5% and a space is considered oxygen-enriched if the concentration exceeds 23%. - When testing for flammable and combustible gases and vapours [e.g.- methane, propane, gasoline], the concentrations should not exceed 0-5% of LEL for hot work or 5-10% of LEL for cold work. For concentrations between 10%-25% of LEL inspections only may occur. For concentrations above 25% of the L.E.L. no entry is permitted. 5. Testing for Toxics Testing for toxics should be performed next according to the manufacturer instructions for the air monitor being used. If there is reason to believe that another toxic material may be present, contact the supervisor and management. Do not enter the space until the problem is identified and controlled. 85

86 6. Ventilation Procedures Ventilating is the process of continuously moving fresh air through the space. Ventilating helps maintain an adequate level of oxygen in the space, dilutes or removes toxic air contaminants that may be found or generated in the space, and improves comfort levels by controlling temperature, humidity and nuisance odours. Tips for ventilating a space safely: 1. Always ventilate with fresh air - never with pure oxygen. 2. All electrical equipment shall be grounded. 3. In a flammable atmosphere, ventilation equipment shall be electrically bonded to the confined space. 4. Ensure that the intake for the air supply is located far away from any flammable or toxic materials. 5. Position the exhaust outlet such that contaminants cannot be drawn back into the confined space. 6. Place the outlet where air currents will disperse the exhaust quickly, without endangering nearby people. 7. If the exhaust is potentially flammable, remove all ignition sources from the area. 8. As a general rule, ensure a supply of fresh air to the worker by positioning the end of the ventilation duct as close as possible to the worker. 9. An alarm should be activated by a pressure switch at the fan rather than by electrical failure. This ensures that the alarm is activated if the fan belt fails- on models so equipped. If air testing indicates that the confined space has unacceptable concentrations of oxygen, flammables and/or toxics, ventilate the area using a blower or similar ventilating unit for a period of 15 minutes. Ensure a minimum of four volume changes of fresh air within the 15- minute period (i.e., 16 air changes per hour). This can be calculated as follows: Flow rate of air blower (in L/hr or L/min, m3/hr or m3/min, or ft3/hr or ft3/min) = Number of air Approximate volume of room changes per hr (in L, m3 or ft3) or per min. Ensure the proper placement of the intake of the ventilation unit so that only fresh, uncontaminated air is introduced into the space (i.e., ensure nearby vehicle or equipment exhaust is not entrained). 86

87 After this ventilating period, the competent worker shall then retest the air and record the results. If the atmosphere is acceptable, the confined space entry may proceed. If not, ventilate the space for another period of 15 minutes, as above, and retest until the atmosphere is acceptable. Continue to ventilate for the duration of work in the confined space. Workers entering the confined space shall wear or carry an air-monitoring device with alarm to provide early warning of changing conditions. After leaving the confined space (e.g., for breaks, lunch, to get tools, etc.), it is necessary to retest the air prior to re-entry into the space. Note that there are extra columns in the air monitoring section of the confined space entry permit for inputting the re-test results. If conditions have changed and rendered the space unsuitable for human occupancy, the space must be ventilated and re-tested until the atmosphere is acceptable. 7. Fire and Electrical Safety Safety measures to follow are outlined below. - Eliminate all ignition sources from the confined space. - Eliminate gas cylinders from the confined space (except for breathing air cylinders). - Ensure that fire-fighting equipment is nearby. - Use ground-fault circuit interrupters on electrical equipment for added protection. - Use properly guarded lighting, explosion proof equipment and low voltage electrical equipment. 8. Work Permit Practices and Procedures Under Ontario law, the workplace must have a permanent record that authorizes safe confined space entry. A confined space entry permit system ensures that the potential hazards of a particular confined space have been identified and assessed, that necessary preventive measures are in place, and that workers are aware of and/or reminded of the correct safety procedures (general and specific) prior to entry. Supervisors must ensure that the Confined Spaces Entry Permit is used at all times. [Form attached] 9. Posting and Record Keeping Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd. Confined Space Entry Permit is dated and is valid only for the work to be performed during that time period. It must be posted outside the space while the work is being conducted. Upon completion of the work, the expired permits should be returned to the relevant area supervisor and kept on record for a minimum of one year. 87

88 The following records must be kept at the project: - the confined spaces program - the confined spaces plan - all confined spaces inventories - all confined spaces hazard assessments - all constructor confined spaces coordination documents - all training documents - all entry permits - all records of rescue testing equipment - all records or air- testing results. 10. PROTECTIVE CLOTHING / PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT All required equipment and supplies must be readily available at the confined space site and must be in good working condition.[see entry permit requirements]. Considerations include, but are not limited to the following: - Appropriate personal protective equipment depending on the situation. This could include items such as hardhats, safety glasses, boots, hearing protection, gloves, etc. - Properly calibrated and maintained air monitoring equipment that should be calibrated as per manufacturer s instructions. A calibration and maintenance log must be kept and recorded on the Confined Spaces Entry Permit - Appropriate rescue/emergency equipment such as a tripod, safety harness, lifeline, fall arrest device (i.e., the prearranged method of extraction), emergency escape breathing device, and appropriate communication device. - Equipment such as barricades, ventilator/exhaust unit, flashlight, and tools appropriate for the confined space work. 11. Access and Egress from Confined Space Particular care is required to ensure that the means of access and egress from the confined space will not prevent or adversely affect the proper use of any personal protective equipment, rescue equipment. Ladders must be well secured and complete. The Site must be secured as outlined in the Traffic Protection Plan. Access and egress to the confined space must ensure the use of a tripod, harness and lifeline. 88

89 12. Attendant An attendant must be stationed outside of the confined space at all times and gives their undivided attention to the worker inside the confined space. The attendant must be in constant communication with the worker using the method specified on the entry permit. The attendant prevents unauthorized entry into the confined space. The attendant must be trained in standard first aid and CPR The attendant must be provided with a device for summoning help in case of an emergency. The attendant must not leave their position until a replacement has arrived. The attendant is not allowed to enter the confined space to perform a rescue even after help has arrived unless he or she is replaced by another attendant. The attendant must be trained in rescue procedures if part of the rescue team. 13. Communication A means of communication must be established between the entrant(s) and the attendant while work is being performed in the confined space (e.g., visual, verbal, portable radio or other). The agreed method of communication must be specified on the Entry Permit. 14. Time of Entry A confined space entry permit can be valid for periods longer than one shift, provided the pre-entry procedures are followed (e.g., air testing lockout, etc.) and the air testing results are documented and approved by the supervisor. Post the permit at the entry to the confined space. 15. Evacuation Procedures Workers MUST LEAVE the confined space IMMEDIATELY in the case of any of the following: - If they feel ill, light-headed, dizzy, or any pain. - If the alarm sounds on the air monitoring equipment. - If conditions in the confined space change such that re-evaluation of the potential hazards would be required. - When the attendant is present but is unable to perform the duties of an attendant. 89

90 - When notified to evacuate by the attendant or entry supervisor or by evacuation alarm. - When communication with the attendant is disrupted. 16. RESCUE AND EMERGENCY PROCEDURES In the case of an emergency, THE ATTENDANT DOES NOT ENTER THE CONFINED SPACE. Too many confined space rescue attempts claim the lives of unprepared rescuers. All workers assigned to the Rescue Team must receive the appropriate training in the use of rescue equipment from the manufacturer's representative. At the first indication of an emergency: - The attendant must summon the help of the supervisor and all rescue team members by using the provided device or method of communication as recorded on the Entry Permit. - While the rescue team is assembling, the attendant may attempt to remove the victim with the attached safety line and harness, winch etc., if possible. The attendant shall perform any required first aid (including artificial resuscitation or CPR) until emergency services arrive. - The supervisor will contact Emergency Services, dial 911, ask for the appropriate emergency service (i.e., paramedic, fire or police) then provide the details of the emergency and any other information that is asked. - While awaiting the arrival of emergency services the rescue team will carry out rescue as per assignments - Contact Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd.' office and inform them that emergency services are en route and provide any additional information that is asked. 17. Working in Combustible, Explosive or Flammable Atmospheres. It is the policy of Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd. that no work be performed in a combustible, explosive or flammable atmosphere or where any combustible dust. mist, gas or vapours is even detected. If after the original air testing and during the constant air monitoring being worn by all workers a combustible, explosive or flammable atmosphere sufficient for explosion or any airborne combustible dust, mist, vapours or gas is even detected the following procedures must be strictly adhered to: 1. Attempt to remove all combustibles, explosives, and flammable atmospheres by venting. 2. If after several attempts the hazardous atmospheres cannot be removed by direct venting all work will stop and arrangements will be for a qualified employer to perform the work. 90

91 Checklist for a Confined Space Program and Plan Have you identified and understand the work required to be performed and who authorized the work? Have you identified hazards using the Identification and Hazard Assessment Form? Have you ensured that the space is structurally safe to enter? Have you arranged for monitoring of the stability of the vessel, building, soil? Have you developed a Plan for the confined space? Have all supervisory or responsible party personnel been identified? Have you secured an entry permit? Have you established control of the perimeter traffic and pedestrian walkways? Have you assigned responsibility for an attendant? Have you arranged for atmosphere testing by a competent person? Have you arranged for recording of atmospheric testing on the permit? Have all energy sources been controlled through a proper lock out procedure? Have you developed an emergency action plan? Have you verified that all personal protective equipment is available? harnesses, retrieval systems, air packs if necessary, ventilation equipment Have you arranged for an effective communications system between the workers in the confined space and attendant? Have you ensured that all workers in the confined space will be wearing air monitors at all times while in the confined space? Have you completed any required decontamination process if necessary? Have you ensured that upon completion of the work that the confined space has been secured against any future unauthorized entry? Have you ensured that a process is in place to account for all workers? 91

92 Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd. Confined Spaces Coordination Document Objective: When Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd. contracts out specific confined space work to other employers, a Confined Space Coordination Document must be prepared to assist in the coordination of the various employers who will be required to enter, or perform work related to a confined space. The Confined Space Coordination Document is intended to advise all employers of potential or existing hazards that may result from the work that will be performed by each employer. Responsibilities: A Confined Space Coordination Document will be prepared by Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd. when more than one employer will enter or perform work related to a confined space. [form attached] Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd. 1. shall assemble a rescue team 2. shall assist the rescue team in preparing a rescue plan 3. shall provide a competent worker who has training in the use of testing equipment to conduct all atmospheric testing, 4. shall where mechanical ventilation is required, provide all ventilation and monitoring equipment 5. shall upon obtaining the Confined Space Work Permit request from an employer - verify with each employer that all controls are in place - conduct a pre-job meeting - prior to entry, verify with each employer that the requirements of the Safe Work Plan and Confined Space Entry Permit have been complied with 6. shall approve the Confined Space Work Permit submitted by the employer requesting entry to a confined space A copy of the Confined Space Co-ordination Document shall be: 1. provided to each employer whose workers will enter or perform work related to the confined space along with a copy of the confined space entry permit, 2. posted in a conspicuous location to be seen by all workers. 92

93 Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd. CONFINED SPACE IDENTIFICATION/HAZARD ASSESSMENT Confined Spaces Location Type of work to be performed Hazards Oxygen deficiency or enrichment Explosive Atmosphere Toxic Atmosphere Hazardous Chemical M.S.D.S. Access/Egress Constricted space Electrical hazard Stored Energy Hazards Moving machinery Falling hazard (person) Falling hazard (objects) Slip Hazards Drowning Engulfment Entrapment Poor lighting/visibility Temperature/Thermal Hazards Hazard from work activity Traffic Weather Other Hazards Source Type Chemical or Physical Hazard Control Method Other Hazards: This confined space has been assessed taking into consideration its design, location, use and type of hazards that may develop during the work activity specified, and have found that the hazards listed above may exist. Signature Date 93

94 Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd. Check List Confined Spaces Coordination Document ITEMS CHECKED EMPLOYER # 1 EMPLOYER # 2 EMPLOYER # 3 Name: Name: Name: Employer specific plan submit Duties of workers addressed On-site Rescue Team Trained Rescue equipment on site Personal protective equipment Isolation of energy sources Attendant trained Means of access & egress Worker trained atmosphere test Ventilation Addressed All workers trained -cards? Explosives/Flammables Work? Use of Work Permit Other Other Other Other 94

95 Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd. Confined Space Entry Permit Employer Name: Project: Name of Supervisor: Date: Assessment performed by: Permit Start Time: Permit Finish Time: Location of Confined Space: Description of Confined Space: Description of work to be performed: Monitoring Equipment Air Testing Equipment: Serial #: Last Calibrated: Air Quality Results Oxygen, % Location Location Location Test #: Test #: Test #: Combustibles, % Toxic Time of Test Tester's Name: Signature: 95

96 Atmospheric Hazards (existing or introduced) Flammable Toxic Corrosive Oxygen Deficient Oxygen Enriched Other: Hazard Controls Purge using mechanical ventilation with warning device in case of failure: Natural ventilation (re-test Air Quality): Continuous Monitoring: Other: Personal Respirator Gloves Boots Coveralls Eye Protection Other Physical and Other Hazards Hot Temperature Cold Noise Electrical Vibration Slippery Surface Lighting Chemicals (dermal exposure) Bacterial Moving Machinery Influx of liquid Influx of gas Hazard above Electrical Work at height Other: Hazard Controls Ventilation De-energize, Lockout GFIC for cords Lighting Explosion proof Blank, disconnect Other Personal Protective Equipment (Type) Hearing Protection Anti vibration Gloves Latex or other gloves Goggles Fall protection Hard hat Other Attendant Attendant's: Signature: 96

97 Communication Method of communication with workers in space: Method of communication to summon rescue: On-site Rescue Adequate number of trained persons are available to implement rescue procedures Appropriate rescue equipment is readily available to be used for a rescue List of equipment required for entry Appropriate rescue equipment has been inspected and is in good working order: Tripod Harness Winch/cable Other Training Names of workers approved for entry Has C.S. Training? Trained in the employer specific plan? Time of Entry Time of Exit 97

98 Hot Work - complete if hot work conducted It is the policy of Ron Murphy Contracting Ltd. to not perform hot work in hazardous atmospheres. This section of permit to be completed by qualified employer contracted for this work. Will space be rendered inert by adding inert gas: Y N If yes ensure: space is monitored continuously to ensure it remains inert worker(s) entering use adequate respiratory equipment - List equipment: adequate equipment to allow persons outside to locate and rescue worker List equipment: other equipment necessary to ensure safety of worker List equipment: If "no" ensure: Flammable gas is below 5% of its LEL by purging and continuous ventilation O2 content is no greater than 23% Atmosphere will be monitored continuously Alarm and exit procedures are in place should the LEL exceed 5% or the O2 exceed 23% Supervisor s Name: Signature: 98

99 SECTION 31 WHMIS Frequently construction trades are required to work with new hazardous materials or previously installed hazardous materials requiring repair, maintenance, or removal. Some materials used for many years and thought harmless are now identified as hazardous. Proper handling requires careful planning, training, and use of personal protective equipment of controls. Some hazardous materials common in construction are: Right to Know - compressed gas (acetylene, nitrogen, oxygen) - flammable and combustible materials (solvents) - oxidizing materials (epoxy hardeners) - solvents, coatings, and sealers - asbestos and silica - acids and alkalis. The Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System (WHMIS) gives everyone the right to know about the hazards of materials they work with and provides the means to find out that information. It does this through - labels - materials safety data sheets - worker training and education. All employers are required by law to provide WHMIS training for specific controlled products the worker will be working with or near. Training should be provided as new products are introduced with a general updating on new products at least annually. Controlled products under WHMIS include six classes, identified by appropriate symbols (Figure 6) Figure 6 99

100 Supplier labels are required on controlled products with a volume of more than 100 millimetres and must include: - product identifier - appropriate hazard symbol(s) - risk phrases (such as "dangerous if inhaled") - precautions (such as "wear rubber gloves") - first aid measures - supplier identifier - statement that a material safety data sheet (MSDS) is available for the product. Workplace labels are required when controlled products are produced onsite or have been transferred from a supplier-labelled container to a different container. Workplace labels must include: - product identifier - safe handling instructions - statement that an MSDS is available for the product. If details on the ingredients, health effects, handling, and other aspects of a hazardous product are not available from suppliers or employers, call the Construction Safety Association of Ontario at and provide the following information. - Product name (for example, Solvex 100) - Manufacturer's name and place of manufacture (for example, ABC Chemical, Montreal, Quebec) - What is the product being used for? (for example, to clean parts) - How is it being used? (for example, sprayed on) - Is it being mixed with something else? - Is it being heated? - In what area is it being used? (for example, outdoors or in a holding tank) - What does the label say? - How can the information be conveyed to you? 100