EMERGING TRENDS IN OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH IN MINES : SOME ISSUES AND CONCERN

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1 EMERGING TRENDS IN OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH IN MINES : SOME ISSUES AND CONCERN PROFESSOR ASHIS BHATTACHERJEE DEPARTMENT OF MINING ENGINEERING INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY KHARAGPUR

2 INTRODUCTION It is estimated that approximately 317 million occupational injuries, 2.34 million work related fatalities occur each year in the world from a total population of 3 billion workforce. The mining industry has one of the highest injury rates among the major industry divisions Mining accounts for about 1% of the worlds workforce (ILO, 34th ICSMRI, 2011). According to ILO s estimate around 30 million people work in mines, of whom about 10 million are involved in coal production. Although accounting for about 1% of the global workforce, it is responsible for about 8% of fatal accidents at work

3 INTRODUCTION (Contd.) Occupational injuries result in severe socio-economical consequences for workers and the society Compliance to prescriptive regulations is a prerequisite, but is not sufficient to achieve prevention. The field of safety engineering should be widely practiced in the Indian Mining Industry as a self regulatory measure The areas that need attention in mine safety are Risk assessment based safety management, human factors, safety culture, and occupational health issues.

4 NUMBER AND RATE OF FATAL OCCUPATIONAL INJURIES: BY INDUSTRY SECTOR, 2013* Source: Superintendence of Social Security (SUSESO)

5 FATALITY AND SERIOUS INJURY RATE: COAL MINING (INDIA) Source: DGMS Standard note,

6 FATALITY AND SERIOUS INJURY RATE: METAL MINING (INDIA) Source: DGMS Standard note,

7 EMERGING TREND IN MINE SAFETY Safety Engineering A discipline that attempts to reduce risk by eliminating or controlling the hazards Emerging technique of safety engineering for Indian Mines: Development of Risk Assessment based Safety Management System: Compulsory for all the mines

8 CONCEPT OF RISK MANAGEMENT RECOGNITION CONTROL ESTIMATE AND EVALUATE

9 RISK ASSESSMENT AND RISK MANAGEMENT; DGMS APPROACH (December,2002) Risk Assessment Process to be followed Management team/teams should identify all the major hazards Risk rating of each identified hazards calculated on the basis of Consequences Exposure Probability Risk score is computed by multiplying the scores of consequence, exposure and probability for all hazards identified Hazard prioritisation by rating of risk scores

10 RISK ASSESSMENT AND RISK MANAGEMENT; DGMS APPROACH (December,2002) Scale for Consequence Score Scale for Exposure Score Scale for Probability. Several dead 5 Continuous 10 Expected 10 Score One dead 1 Frequent (daily) 5 Quite possible 7 Significant chance of fatality One permanent disability / less chance of fatality Many lost time injuries One lost time injury 0.3 Seldom (Weekly) 3 Unusual but possible 0.1 Unusual (Monthly) 2.5 Only remotely possible 0.01 Occasionally (yearly) 2.0 Conceivable but unlikely Once in five years 1.5 Practically impossible Small injury Once in ten years 0.5 Virtually impossible once in 100 years 0.02

11 DGMS RISK CALCULATOR (March,2014) Estimate the Probability of Event Occurring Estimate the Consequences of the event Occurring Using your values, Calculate the risk level from the Matrix

12 DGMS RISK CALCULATOR (March,2014)

13 RISK ASSESSMENT AND RISK MANAGEMENT; DGMS APPROACH (April,2016) Impact assessment of Exposure Serial no % of Work persons employed Impact assessment of Exposure 1. > 40 Maximum 2. > High Medium Low 5. <5 Very low Initial Hazard Identification and Categorization Serial no Description of Hazard % of Workers Exposed Consequence Pr obability Exposure Total Category of Hazards 1. Hazard 1 2. Hazard # 3. Hazard 3 $ Category of Hazards identified as High Risk (Risk >200) Requiring immediate attention # Other Hazards identified as Risk requiring Management attention (Risk <200 and >20) $ Other Hazards identified as Low Risk but to be reviewed (Risk <20)

14 SELF EVALUATION USING SEVEN GOLDEN RULE APP Available in: Modified after ISSA Mining (2015)

15 EMERGING TREND IN OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH ISSUE IN INDIAN MINES Whole-body vibration exposure of HEMM operators : Health Risk Musculoskeletal disorders resulting in back pain, shoulder pain, leg pain, and disorder of lumber spine Muscle fatigue Gastro-intestinal tract problem

16 HEALTH RISK DETERMINATION AS PER ISO STANDARDS: As per 11th National Safety Conference on Safety in Mines 2013

17 EVALUATION METHOD Whole-Body Vibration Standard ISO General Requirements: ISO covers methods for the measurement of periodic, random and transient vibration with regard to health The considered frequency range is 0.5 to 80 Hz Measured is frequency weighted acceleration Applicable for vibrations transmitted to the body as a whole through the supporting surfaces: the feet of a standing person, the back and the feet of a seated person, or the buttock Vibration is measured triaxial with a coordinate system originating at the point from which vibration enters the body. The Z axis always runs along the spine

18 MEASURING WHOLE-BODY VIBRATION IN MINES WBV is measured in accordance with ISO : 1997 Figure 1: Seat pad accelerometer and Precision vibration meter

19 Caterpillar 773D, Capacity: 50T, HP/KW: 635 HP

20 DUMPER 1 (cycle time to and fro, average 20 min) Frequency-weighted RMS Acceleration (m/s2) DUMPER 2 DUMPER 3 X-axis Y-axis Z-axis Daily RMS Exposure Vibration Dose Value (m/s 1.75 ) X-axis Y-axis Z-axis Crest Factor X-axis Y-axis Z-axis EAV (min.) ELV (min.)

21 CONCLUSIONS For prevention of accidents and injuries from workplaces, systematic and comprehensive safety engineering approaches should be used to manage risk. It has now become essential and mandatory that the risk assessment based safety management approaches be undertaken for all hazardous operations and machinery. Risk management not only integrates safety with productivity but also can be used as a very good tool for reduction of cost. Whole-body vibration exposure of HEMM operators should be evaluated and vibration exposure level should be controlled through ergonomic process assessment to reduce occupational health problems.

22 THANK YOU