Pressure and Density Altitude

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Pressure and Density Altitude"

Transcription

1 Pressure and Density Altitude Reference Sources Pilot s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge o Pages 9-1 to 9-4, Aircraft Performance o Pages 9-20 to 9-21, Density Altitude Charts Study Questions 1. Where can the data pertaining to takeoff, climb, range, endurance, descent, and landing for a specific helicopter be found? a) The Pilot s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge, Chapter 9. b) c) Pilot s Operating Handbook (POH). 2. What is true of the performance information published by various manufacturers? a) Performance charts are standardized from one helicopter to another so that pilot s can interpret the information easily. b) Operational data is not essential to making practical use of the helicopter s capabilities. c) Tables, graphs, and other performance data furnished in the POH are not standardized across aircraft manufacturers. 3. Why does it matter how much air is around the helicopter at any time? a) The amount of oxygen molecules determines how much fuel can be burned and turned into power. b) Thrust is generated by the propeller spinning through air molecules and forcing them backwards. c) Lift is generated by smoothly turning a flow of air molecules downward by the wings. d) All of the above. 4. When the air is less dense, what is the resulting impact on the following aircraft performance factors? engine power propeller thrust wing (airfoil) lift 11A- Pressure and Density Altitude 1

2 5. Complete the following formula: = Mass (amount of air) Volume (space the air takes up) 6. At sea level on a standard day what are the air temperature and pressure? and 7. In standard conditions, how much does the air temperature and pressure drop with 1,000 feet of altitude? and 8. Which of the following are methods for determining Pressure Altitude? (Check two.) Subtracting the sea level temperature from Density Altitude. Setting the altimeter to and reading the indicated altitude. Start with field elevation and use an altitude correction tied to the actual sea level pressure setting. 9. Density Altitude is Pressure Altitude corrected for. 10. Identify whether the conditions listed below are usually associated with high or low Density Altitude. Low Density Altitude High Density Altitude Poorer engine performance Very dense air Good propeller thrust Difficulty breathing Low density Lots of lift from the wings Hot, summer days Aspen, Colorado 11. An increase in air density means a higher / lower density altitude. 11A- Pressure and Density Altitude 2

3 12. Complete the following formula. Density Altitude = & Adjustment for nonstandard temperature 13. Using Figure 9-3, determine the Pressure Altitude at the following airports with conditions as indicated. Airport elevation = 2,200 feet MSL Altimeter setting = Airport elevation = 300 feet MSL Altimeter setting = Pressure Altitude Pressure Altitude Airport elevation = 800 feet MSL Altimeter setting = Airport elevation = 6,000 feet MSL Altimeter setting = Pressure Altitude Pressure Altitude Airport elevation = Sea level Altimeter setting = Airport elevation = 1,000 feet MSL Altimeter setting = Pressure Altitude Pressure Altitude 14. To calculate Density Altitude using a Density Altitude Chart like in Figure 9-4, start first at the correct Outside Air Temperature on the bottom axis, and a) Move straight up until you intersect the correct Pressure Altitude, then read the answer. b) Move diagonally until you hit the right border, then add 2,000. c) Divide by the correct Pressure Altitude. 11A- Pressure and Density Altitude 3

4 15. Use Figure 9-4 to determine the Density Altitude for each of the following conditions. Air Temperature = 35 C Pressure Altitude = 1,000 feet Air Temperature = 5 C Pressure Altitude = 3,000 feet Air Temperature = 70 F Pressure Altitude = 1,000 feet Air Temperature = 20 C Pressure Altitude = 2,000 feet Air Temperature = Standard Pressure Altitude = 3,000 feet Air Temperature = 40 F Pressure Altitude = 5,500 feet Density Altitude Air Temperature = 20 C Pressure Altitude = 3,000 feet Air Temperature = 26 c Pressure Altitude = 4,500 feet 16. Because of the way the Pressure Altitude lines are angled in Figure 9-4, which would be true about an increase in outside air temperature? a) An increase in air temperature has no impact on Density Altitude. b) For the same Pressure Altitude, an increase in air temperature results in a lower Density Altitude. c) For the same Pressure Altitude, an increase in air temperature results in a higher Density Altitude. 17. Why does the red dashed Standard Temperature line in Figure 9-4 angle upward and to the left? a) Air temperature increases with altitude, and the line reflects these values. b) As altitude increases, outside air temperature decreases. c) The line is actually vertical, but appears angled only by optical illusion. 8A- Pressure and Density Altitude 4

5 18. As altitude increases, air pressure, and based on the impact of the pressure change alone we would expect the air density to. a) Increases; increase b) Decreases; increase c) Decreases; decrease 19. As altitude increases, air temperature, and based on the impact of the temperature change alone we would expect the air density to. a) Increases; increase b) Decreases; increase c) Decreases; decrease 20. Given these two conflicting phenomenon, which will dominate and have a greater impact on air density? a) The decrease in air pressure dominates, resulting in an overall decrease in air density with altitude. b) The decrease in air temperature dominates, resulting in an increase in air density with altitude. c) The two effects cancel each other out, and the density of the air does not change with altitude. 21. Moisture has the effect of decreasing the air density. This is because a) Water vapor is lighter than air. b) Extra water in the air pulls the air more strongly downward to the center of the earth. c) Water molecules repel oxygen molecules. 22. Which can hold more water vapor, warm air or cold air? 23. Do performance charts typically show how to calculate the influence of the moisture content of the atmosphere on helicopter performance? a) Yes. b) No. c) Approximately half of them do. 8A- Pressure and Density Altitude 5

6 24. Select the answers below that make the statement true. There are / are no rules-of-thumb to compute the effects of humidity on Density Altitude, so pilots should know to expect an increase / a decrease in aircraft performance when flying in high humidity. FAA Questions 1. [3259, 3-10] What is pressure altitude? a) The indicated altitude corrected for position and installation error. b) The altitude indicated when the barometric pressure scale is set to c) The indicated altitude corrected for nonstandard temperature and pressure. 2. [3388, 3-11] Under which condition will pressure altitude be equal to true altitude? a) When the atmospheric pressure is 29.92" Hg. b) When standard atmospheric conditions exist. c) When indicated altitude is equal to the pressure altitude. 3. [3293, 8-24] (Refer to Figure 8.) Determine the pressure altitude with an indicated altitude of 1,380 feet MSL with an altimeter setting of at standard temperature. a) 2,991 feet MSL. b) 2,913 feet MSL. c) 3,010 feet MSL. 4. [3295, 8-22] (Refer to Figure 8.) Determine the pressure altitude at an airport that is 3,563 feet MSL with an altimeter setting of a) 3,527 feet MSL. b) 3,556 feet MSL. c) 3,639 feet MSL. 5. [3297, 8-25] (Refer to Figure 8.) Determine the pressure altitude at an airport that is 1,386 feet MSL with an altimeter setting of a) 1,341 feet MSL. b) 1,451 feet MSL. c) 1,562 feet MSL. 8A- Pressure and Density Altitude 6

7 6. [3258, 3-10] What is density altitude? a) The height above the standard datum plane. b) The pressure altitude corrected for nonstandard temperature. c) The altitude read directly from the altimeter. 7. [3289, 8-22] If the outside air temperature (OAT) at a given altitude is warmer than standard, the density altitude is a) Equal to pressure altitude. b) Lower than pressure altitude. c) Higher than pressure altitude. 8. [3389, 3-11] Under what condition is pressure altitude and density altitude the same value? a) At sea level, when the temperature is 0 F. b) When the altimeter has no installation error. c) At standard temperature. 9. [3394, 8-23] Which factor would tend to increase the density altitude at a given airport? a) An increase in barometric pressure. b) An increase in ambient temperature. c) A decrease in relative humidity. 10. [3292, 8-24] (Refer to Figure 8.) What is the effect of a temperature increase from 25 to 50 F on the density altitude if the pressure altitude remains at 5,000 feet? a) 1,200-foot increase. b) 1,400-foot increase. c) 1,650-foot increase. 11. [3294, 8-22] (Refer to Figure 8.) Determine the density altitude for these conditions: Altimeter setting Runway temperature +81 F Airport elevation 5,250 ft MSL a) 4,600 feet MSL. b) 5,877 feet MSL. c) 8,500 feet MSL. 8A- Pressure and Density Altitude 7

8 12. [3296, 8-24] (Refer to Figure 8.) What is the effect of a temperature increase from 30 to 50 F on the density altitude if the pressure altitude remains at 3,000 feet MSL? a) 900-foot increase. b) 1,100-foot increase. c) 1,300-foot increase. 13. [3298, 8-22] (Refer to Figure 8.) Determine the density altitude for these conditions: Altimeter setting Runway temperature +25 F Airport elevation 3,894 ft MSL a) 2,000 feet MSL. b) 2,900 feet MSL. c) 3,500 feet MSL. 14. [3299, 8-23] (Refer to Figure 8.) What is the effect of a temperature decrease and a pressure altitude increase on the density altitude from 90 F and 1,250 feet pressure altitude to 55 F and 1,750 feet pressure altitude? a) 1,700-foot increase. b) 1,300-foot decrease. c) 1,700-foot decrease. 15. [3246, 8-25] What effect does high density altitude, as compared to low density altitude, have on propeller efficiency and why? a) Efficiency is increased due to less friction on the propeller blades. b) Efficiency is reduced because the propeller exerts less force at high density altitudes than at low density altitudes. c) Efficiency is reduced due to the increased force of the propeller in the thinner air. 16. [3290, 8-23] Which combination of atmospheric conditions will reduce aircraft takeoff and climb performance? a) Low temperature, low relative humidity, and low density altitude. b) High temperature, low relative humidity, and low density altitude. c) High temperature, high relative humidity, and high density altitude. 17. [3291, 8-24] What effect does high density altitude have on aircraft performance? a) It increases engine performance. b) It reduces climb performance. c) It increases takeoff performance. 8A- Pressure and Density Altitude 8

9 18. [3300, 8-25] What effect, if any, does high humidity have on aircraft performance? a) It increases performance. b) It decreases performance. c) It has no effect on performance. 8A- Pressure and Density Altitude 9

10 Assignment Answers Answers 1. c 2. c 3. d 4. When the air is less dense engine power decreases propeller thrust decreases wing (airfoil) lift decreases 5. Air Density = Mass Volume C; inches of mercury 7. 2 C; 1 inch of mercury 8. Subtracting the sea level temperature from Density Altitude. Setting the altimeter to and reading the indicated altitude. Start with field elevation and use an altitude correction tied to the actual sea level pressure setting. 9. Nonstandard temperature 8A- Pressure and Density Altitude 10

11 10. Low High Density Density Altitude Altitude Poorer engine performance Very dense air Good propeller thrust Difficulty breathing Low density Lots of lift from the wings Hot, summer days Aspen, Colorado 11. Lower 12. Density Altitude = Pressure Altitude & Adjustment for nonstandard temperature 13. Pressure altitude = 1,670 feet Pressure altitude = 410 feet Pressure altitude = 725 feet Pressure altitude = 65 feet Pressure altitude = 6,345 feet Pressure altitude = 605 feet 14. a 15. Density altitude = 3,500 feet Density altitude = 3,000 feet Density altitude = 2,500 feet Density altitude = 2,000 feet Density altitude = 4,250 feet Density altitude = 3,000 feet Density altitude = 5,500 feet Density altitude = 6,600 feet 16. c 17. b 18. c 19. b 20. a 21. a 22. Warm air 8A- Pressure and Density Altitude 11

12 23. b 24. are no; a decrease FAA Questions 1. b 2. b 3. a 4. a 5. a 6. b 7. c 8. c 9. b 10. c 11. c 12. c 13. a 14. c 15. b 16. c 17. b 18. b 8A- Pressure and Density Altitude 12

Performance/Pilot Math

Performance/Pilot Math Performance/Pilot Math Charath Ranganathan, AGI http://pfactor.io/ facebook.com/pfactor.io (chuh-ruh-th) License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0

More information

Civil Air Patrol Auxiliary of the United States Air Force

Civil Air Patrol Auxiliary of the United States Air Force Mountain Flying Qualification Course Civil Air Patrol Auxiliary of the United States Air Force DENSITY ALTITUDE Pressure Altitude Pressure Altitude: Absolute altitude corrected for non-standard atmospheric

More information

De-Mystify Aviation Altimetry. What an Aircraft Altimeter Really Tells You, And What It Doesn t!

De-Mystify Aviation Altimetry. What an Aircraft Altimeter Really Tells You, And What It Doesn t! De-Mystify Aviation Altimetry What an Aircraft Altimeter Really Tells You, And What It Doesn t! Basic Altimeter is Just a Modified Barometer Basic Aneroid Barometer Changes in Atmospheric Air Pressure

More information

Aircraft Performance. Chapter 10. Introduction. Importance of Performance Data. Gold Seal Online Ground School

Aircraft Performance. Chapter 10. Introduction. Importance of Performance Data. Gold Seal Online Ground School Chapter 1 Aircraft Performance Introduction This chapter discusses the factors that affect aircraft performance, which include the aircraft weight, atmospheric conditions, runway environment, and the fundamental

More information

Aircraft Performance. Chapter 11. Introduction. Importance of Performance Data

Aircraft Performance. Chapter 11. Introduction. Importance of Performance Data Chapter 11 Aircraft Performance Introduction This chapter discusses the factors that affect aircraft performance, which include the aircraft weight, atmospheric conditions, runway environment, and the

More information

Aviation Merit Badge Knowledge Check

Aviation Merit Badge Knowledge Check Aviation Merit Badge Knowledge Check Name: Troop: Location: Test Score: Total: Each question is worth 2.5 points. 70% is passing Dan Beard Council Aviation Knowledge Check 1 Question 1: The upward acting

More information

LEVEL FOUR AVIATION EVALUATION PRACTICE TEST

LEVEL FOUR AVIATION EVALUATION PRACTICE TEST Below you will find a practice test for the Level 4 Aviation Evaluation that covers PO431, PO432, PO436, and PO437. It is recommended that you focus on the material covered in the practice test as you

More information

Exploration Series. AIRPLANE Interactive Physics Simulation Page 01

Exploration Series.   AIRPLANE Interactive Physics Simulation Page 01 AIRPLANE ------- Interactive Physics Simulation ------- Page 01 What makes an airplane "stall"? An airplane changes its state of motion thanks to an imbalance in the four main forces acting on it: lift,

More information

Takeoff Performance. A 1 C change in temperature from ISA will increase or decrease the takeoff ground roll by 10%.

Takeoff Performance. A 1 C change in temperature from ISA will increase or decrease the takeoff ground roll by 10%. The precise pilot does not fly by rules of thumb, axioms, or formulas. But there are times when knowledge of an approximate way to calculate things or knowledge of a simple rule can pay big dividends.

More information

Answer Key. Page 1 of 5. 1) What is the maximum flaps-extended speed? A. 100 MPH. B. 65 MPH. C. 165 MPH. 2) Altimeter 1 indicates

Answer Key. Page 1 of 5. 1) What is the maximum flaps-extended speed? A. 100 MPH. B. 65 MPH. C. 165 MPH. 2) Altimeter 1 indicates Name: Answer Key Score: 1) What is the maximum flaps-extended speed? A. 100 MPH. B. 65 MPH. C. 165 MPH. 2) Altimeter 1 indicates A. 10,500 feet. B. 1,500 feet. C. 500 feet. 3) In the Northern Hemisphere,

More information

Preliminary Study of Aircraft Dynamics and Performance: High Gust Condition Aspect

Preliminary Study of Aircraft Dynamics and Performance: High Gust Condition Aspect Advances in Aerospace Science and Applications. ISSN 2277-3223 Volume 3, Number 2 (2013), pp. 57-62 Research India Publications http://www.ripublication.com/aasa.htm Preliminary Study of Aircraft Dynamics

More information

The Academy of Model Aeronautics ALPHA: Potential Energy Background Information for the Teacher

The Academy of Model Aeronautics ALPHA: Potential Energy Background Information for the Teacher The Academy of Model Aeronautics ALPHA: Potential Energy Background Information for the Teacher When the rubber motor of a model plane is wound it becomes a form of stored potential energy. As the rubber

More information

First Flight Glossary

First Flight Glossary First Flight Glossary (for secondary grades) aeronautics The study of flight and the science of building and operating an aircraft. aircraft A machine used for flying. Airplanes, helicopters, blimps and

More information

V mca (and the conditions that affect it)

V mca (and the conditions that affect it) V mca (and the conditions that affect it) V mca, the minimum airspeed at which an airborne multiengine airplane is controllable with an inoperative engine under a standard set of conditions, is arguably

More information

Principles of Flight. Chapter 4. From the Library at Introduction. Structure of the Atmosphere

Principles of Flight. Chapter 4. From the Library at  Introduction. Structure of the Atmosphere From the Library at www.uavgroundschool.com Chapter 4 Principles of Flight Introduction This chapter examines the fundamental physical laws governing the forces acting on an aircraft in flight, and what

More information

PRINCIPLES OF FLIGHT

PRINCIPLES OF FLIGHT CHAPTER 3 PRINCIPLES OF FLIGHT INTRODUCTION Man has always wanted to fly. Legends from the very earliest times bear witness to this wish. Perhaps the most famous of these legends is the Greek myth about

More information

FLIGHT PERFORMANCE AND PLANNING (2) PERFORMANCE

FLIGHT PERFORMANCE AND PLANNING (2) PERFORMANCE 1 Any acceleration in climb, with a constant power setting, A improves the climb gradient if the airspeed is below VX. B decreases the rate of climb and the angle of climb. C decreases rate of climb and

More information

Aerodynamic Terms. Angle of attack is the angle between the relative wind and the wing chord line. [Figure 2-2] Leading edge. Upper camber.

Aerodynamic Terms. Angle of attack is the angle between the relative wind and the wing chord line. [Figure 2-2] Leading edge. Upper camber. Chapters 2 and 3 of the Pilot s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge (FAA-H-8083-25) apply to powered parachutes and are a prerequisite to reading this book. This chapter will focus on the aerodynamic fundamentals

More information

Flying High. HHJS Science Week Background Information. Forces and Flight

Flying High. HHJS Science Week Background Information. Forces and Flight Flying High HHJS Science Week 2013 Background Information Forces and Flight Flight Background Information Flying is defined as controlled movement through the air. Many things can become airborne but this

More information

LESSONS 1, 2, and 3 PRACTICE EXERCISES

LESSONS 1, 2, and 3 PRACTICE EXERCISES LESSONS 1, 2, and 3 PRACTICE EXERCISES The following items will test your grasp of the material covered in these lessons. There is only one correct answer for each item. When you complete the exercise,

More information

Detailed study 3.4 Topic Test Investigations: Flight

Detailed study 3.4 Topic Test Investigations: Flight Name: Billanook College Detailed study 3.4 Topic Test Investigations: Flight Ivanhoe Girls Grammar School Questions 1 and 2 relate to the information shown in the diagram in Figure 1. z Question 1 y Figure

More information

Flying The Boeing

Flying The Boeing Flying The Boeing 757-200 This section includes Pilot s Operating Handbook and Checklists. The POH section is first, followed by the Checklists. FOM: This section includes performance data on the Boeing

More information

Climbs, descents, turns, and stalls These are some of the maneuvers you'll practice, and practice, and practice By David Montoya

Climbs, descents, turns, and stalls These are some of the maneuvers you'll practice, and practice, and practice By David Montoya Climbs, descents, turns, and stalls These are some of the maneuvers you'll practice, and practice, and practice By David Montoya Air work stalls, steep turns, climbs, descents, slow flight is the one element

More information

Flying The Boeing Advanced

Flying The Boeing Advanced Flying The Boeing 727-200 Advanced This section includes Pilot s Operating Handbook and Checklists. The POH section is first, followed by the Checklists. FOM: This section includes performance data on

More information

A Different Approach to Teaching Engine-Out Glides

A Different Approach to Teaching Engine-Out Glides A ifferent Approach to Teaching Engine-Out Glides es Glatt, Ph., ATP/CFI-AI, AGI/IGI When student pilots begin to learn about emergency procedures, the concept of the engine-out glide is introduced. The

More information

Front Cover Picture Mark Rasmussen - Fotolia.com

Front Cover Picture Mark Rasmussen - Fotolia.com Flight Maneuvers And Stick and Rudder Skills A complete learn to fly handbook by one of aviation s most knowledgeable and experienced flight instructors Front Cover Picture Mark Rasmussen - Fotolia.com

More information

5. With winds aloft of 112 at 34 knots, TAS of 265 km/hr, and a TC of 057, what is the groundspeed and wind correction angle (WCA)?

5. With winds aloft of 112 at 34 knots, TAS of 265 km/hr, and a TC of 057, what is the groundspeed and wind correction angle (WCA)? 1. Your best five kilometer (5K) run is 21:42. If a Cessna 172 above cruises at 140 knots (groundspeed), how much sooner would the Cessna 172 finish a five kilometer race? A. 20:33 faster B. 18:08 faster

More information

Bonanza/Debonair Pilots

Bonanza/Debonair Pilots Bonanza/Debonair Pilots Completing this worksheet is a great way to reinforce the proper speeds for operating your Bonanza or Debonair under varying operating conditions, and to understand the changes

More information

Accident Prevention Program

Accident Prevention Program Accident Prevention Program SAFE FLYING FOR AGRICULTURAL AVIATION By Ansel H. McAllaster The basic safety elements, method for executing an applicator swath run and turnaround at the end of a swath run,

More information

2. At a ground speed of 184 knots, what will be the time required to cover 288 nautical miles? a. 86 minutes b. 90 minutes c. 94 minutes d.

2. At a ground speed of 184 knots, what will be the time required to cover 288 nautical miles? a. 86 minutes b. 90 minutes c. 94 minutes d. 1. What is the equivalent distance of 700 statute miles in nautical miles? a. 608 b. 810 c. 722 d. 934 2. At a ground speed of 184 knots, what will be the time required to cover 288 nautical miles? a.

More information

Ottawa Remote Control Club Wings Program

Ottawa Remote Control Club Wings Program + Ottawa Remote Control Club Wings Program Guide line By Shahram Ghorashi Chief Flying Instructor Table of Contents Rule and regulation Quiz 3 Purpose of the program 4 Theory of flight Thrust 4 Drag 4

More information

VI.A-E. Basic Attitude Instrument Flight

VI.A-E. Basic Attitude Instrument Flight References: FAA-H-8083-3; FAA-8083-3-15 Objectives Key Elements Elements Schedule Equipment IP s Actions SP s Actions Completion Standards The student should develop knowledge of the elements related to

More information

Gleim Private Pilot Flight Maneuvers Seventh Edition, 1st Printing Updates February 2018

Gleim Private Pilot Flight Maneuvers Seventh Edition, 1st Printing Updates February 2018 Page 1 of 11 Gleim Private Pilot Flight Maneuvers Seventh Edition, 1st Printing Updates February 2018 If you are tested on any content not represented in our materials or this update, please share this

More information

AVIATION SAFETY BULLETIN

AVIATION SAFETY BULLETIN AVIATION SAFETY BULLETIN Issued: 1 Apr 217 Ref: By: Area Affected: Reason: Effective: Pages: ASB.3.217 Director: Safety and Quality Flight Operations: Rotor wing EASA Notice Loss of Control Immediate 2

More information

Aerodynamics: The Wing Is the Thing

Aerodynamics: The Wing Is the Thing Page B1 Chapter Two Chapter Two Aerodynamics: The Wing Is the Thing The Wing Is the Thing May the Four Forces Be With You 1. [B1/3/2] The four forces acting on an airplane in flight are A. lift, weight,

More information

Related Careers: Aircraft Instrument Repairer Aircraft Designer Aircraft Engineer Aircraft Electronics Specialist Aircraft Mechanic Pilot US Military

Related Careers: Aircraft Instrument Repairer Aircraft Designer Aircraft Engineer Aircraft Electronics Specialist Aircraft Mechanic Pilot US Military Airplane Design and Flight Fascination with Flight Objective: 1. You will be able to define the basic terms related to airplane flight. 2. You will test fly your airplane and make adjustments to improve

More information

ABS/BPPP Performance Worksheet: Baron/Travel Air Pilots

ABS/BPPP Performance Worksheet: Baron/Travel Air Pilots ABS/BPPP Performance Worksheet: Baron/Travel Air Pilots This worksheet is the homework for BPPP Initial pilots to complete before their BPPP flight. It s designed to help the pilot develop a deep understanding

More information

1. GENERAL AERODYNAMICS

1. GENERAL AERODYNAMICS Chapter 1. GENERAL AERODYNAMICS Unless otherwise indicated, this handbook is based on a helicopter that has the following characteristics: 1 - An unsupercharged (normally aspirated) reciprocating engine.

More information

FAA AC 61-13B Basic Helicopter Handbook

FAA AC 61-13B Basic Helicopter Handbook FAA AC 61-13B Basic Helicopter Handbook Chapter 1. GENERAL AERODYNAMICS Unless otherwise indicated, this handbook is based on a helicopter that has the following characteristics: 1 - An unsupercharged

More information

2. Page 2-13, Figure 2-19, top figure; change the green label Altitude Indicator to Attitude Indicator.

2. Page 2-13, Figure 2-19, top figure; change the green label Altitude Indicator to Attitude Indicator. FAA-H-8083-25A Pilot s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Dated 2009 Errata as of January 21, 2011 1. Page 1-18, right column, 1 st paragraph, last sentence; change the uniform resource locator (URL) to

More information

Civil Air Patrol Auxiliary of the United States Air Force

Civil Air Patrol Auxiliary of the United States Air Force Mountain Flying Qualification Course Civil Air Patrol Auxiliary of the United States Air Force Mountain Flying Flying in Mountain Winds Determine direction and velocity of steady winds by observing dust,

More information

How to Do Flight Testing for TARC. Trip Barber NAR TARC Manager

How to Do Flight Testing for TARC. Trip Barber NAR TARC Manager How to Do Flight Testing for TARC Trip Barber NAR TARC Manager The TARC Cycle Learn the rules and basic rocketry Design and fly your rocket on the computer Build your rocket to your design with real hardware

More information

The Physics of Flying! Lecture 27.

The Physics of Flying! Lecture 27. The Physics of Flying! Lecture 27. Views of New York State from 9000. Course Information Optional homework set # 11 is due at noon totday. The results of Exam # 3 were distributed via email on Monday.

More information

Full Name: Class: Period: Date:

Full Name: Class: Period: Date: Topic/Objective: Essential Question: Full Name: Class: Period: Date: Tutor Use Only: Air Pressure and Wind (Chapter 19) Air Pressure the weight of the atmosphere pushing down on the Earth exerting a force

More information

XII.A-D. Basic Attitude Instrument Flight

XII.A-D. Basic Attitude Instrument Flight References: FAA-H-8083-3; FAA-8083-3-15 Objectives Key Elements Elements Schedule Equipment IP s Actions SP s Actions Completion Standards The student should develop knowledge of the elements related to

More information

TECHNIQUES FOR OFF AIRPORT OPERATIONS

TECHNIQUES FOR OFF AIRPORT OPERATIONS Off Airport Ops Guide TECHNIQUES FOR OFF AIRPORT OPERATIONS Note: This document suggests techniques and procedures to improve the safety of off-airport operations. It assumes that pilots have received

More information

Exploration Series. HOT AIR BALLOON Interactive Physics Simulation Page 01

Exploration Series.   HOT AIR BALLOON Interactive Physics Simulation Page 01 HOT AIR BALLOON ------- Interactive Physics Simulation ------- Page 01 How do you control a hot air balloon? A hot air balloon floats because atmospheric pressure is greatest closer to the ground. The

More information

LEVEL 4 COMBINED AVIATION REVIEW

LEVEL 4 COMBINED AVIATION REVIEW LEVEL 4 COMBINED AVIATION REVIEW LEVEL 4 COMBINED AVIATION REVIEW PO 431 EXPLAIN PRINCIPLES OF FLIGHT M431.01 EXPLAIN FEATURES OF WING DESIGN M431.02 DESCRIBE FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS PO 432 DESCRIBE AERO ENGINE

More information

VI.B. Traffic Patterns

VI.B. Traffic Patterns References: FAA-H-8083-3; FAA-H-8083-25; AC 90-42; AC90-66; AIM Objectives Key Elements Elements Schedule Equipment IP s Actions SP s Actions Completion Standards The student should develop knowledge of

More information

IVAO International Virtual Aviation Organization Training department

IVAO International Virtual Aviation Organization Training department 1 Introduction IVAO International Virtual Aviation Organization Training department TRAFFIC PATTERN DESCRIPTION An aerodrome traffic pattern is used by VFR traffic for training purpose or to prepare the

More information

Aerodynamics Principles

Aerodynamics Principles Aerodynamics Principles Stage 1 Ground Lesson 3 Chapter 3 / Pages 2-18 3:00 Hrs Harold E. Calderon AGI, CFI, CFII, and MEI Lesson Objectives Become familiar with the four forces of flight, aerodynamic

More information

SAMPLE RH = P 1. where. P 1 = the partial pressure of the water vapor at the dew point temperature of the mixture of dry air and water vapor

SAMPLE RH = P 1. where. P 1 = the partial pressure of the water vapor at the dew point temperature of the mixture of dry air and water vapor moisture starts to condense out of the air. The temperature at which this happens is called the dew point temperature, or the saturation temperature. What is commonly called saturation pressure or condensing

More information

Flying The Embraer Brasilia (EMB-120)

Flying The Embraer Brasilia (EMB-120) Flying The Embraer Brasilia (EMB-120) This section includes Pilot s Operating Handbook and Checklists. The POH section is first, followed by the Checklists. FOM: This section includes performance data

More information

Created by Glenn Gibson Air and Aerodynamics Flight Note Pack

Created by Glenn Gibson Air and Aerodynamics Flight Note Pack Air and Aerodynamics Flight Note Pack Essential Questions of Aerodynamics The students should be able to answer the following questions: 1. Why does air exert pressure on objects in our atmosphere? 2.

More information

Your web browser (Safari 7) is out of date. For more security, comfort and the best experience on this site: Update your browser Ignore

Your web browser (Safari 7) is out of date. For more security, comfort and the best experience on this site: Update your browser Ignore Your web browser (Safari 7) is out of date. For more security, comfort and the best experience on this site: Update your browser Ignore ALTITU DE For the complete encyclopedic entry with media resources,

More information

Aerodynamics. A study guide on aerodynamics for the Piper Archer

Aerodynamics. A study guide on aerodynamics for the Piper Archer Aerodynamics A study guide on aerodynamics for the Piper Archer Aerodynamics The purpose of this pilot briefing is to discuss the simple and complex aerodynamics of the Piper Archer. Please use the following

More information

Aviation Teleclass Webinar!

Aviation Teleclass Webinar! Name Welcome to the Supercharged Science Aviation Teleclass Webinar! You can fill out this worksheet as we go along to get the most out of time together, or you can use it as a review exercise at the end

More information

VIII.A. Straight and Level Flight

VIII.A. Straight and Level Flight VIII.A. Straight and Level Flight References: FAA-H-8083-3; FAA-H-8083-25 Objectives Key Elements Elements Schedule Equipment IP s Actions SP s Actions Completion Standards The student should develop the

More information

PILOT S HANDBOOK of Aeronautical Knowledge

PILOT S HANDBOOK of Aeronautical Knowledge PILOT S HANDBOOK of Aeronautical Knowledge Revised 1997 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION Flight Standards Service PREFACE The Pilot s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge

More information

VIII.A. Straight and Level Flight

VIII.A. Straight and Level Flight VIII.A. Straight and Level Flight References: FAA-H-8083-3; FAA-H-8083-25 Objectives Key Elements Elements Schedule Equipment IP s Actions SP s Actions Completion Standards The student should develop the

More information

INTRODUCTION TO FLIGHT (REVIEW, AEROSPACE DIMENSIONS, MODULE 1)

INTRODUCTION TO FLIGHT (REVIEW, AEROSPACE DIMENSIONS, MODULE 1) INTRODUCTION TO FLIGHT (REVIEW, AEROSPACE DIMENSIONS, MODULE 1) CAPTAIN. JERRY PAINTER AEROSPACE EDUCATION OFFICER COMPOSITE SQUADRON 316, (CIVIL AIR PATROL) CASA GRANDE, ARIZONA IMPORTANT TERMS-THE LANGUAGE

More information

Winter Flying Safety. October, 2015

Winter Flying Safety. October, 2015 Winter Flying Safety October, 2015 Winter Flying: Phases of Flight Preflight (including Wx briefing) Taxi & Takeoff Enroute Approach & Landing Night Currency Due to shorter days, many flights may be completed

More information

Gyroplane questions from Rotorcraft Commercial bank

Gyroplane questions from Rotorcraft Commercial bank Gyroplane questions from Rotorcraft Commercial bank (From Rotorcraft questions that obviously are either gyroplane or not helicopter) FAA Question Number: 5.0.5.8 FAA Knowledge Code: B09 To begin a flight

More information

USING SIMULATION TO TEACH YOUR STEM CLASS

USING SIMULATION TO TEACH YOUR STEM CLASS KC SD AVIATION SCIENCE USING SIMULATION TO TEACH YOUR STEM CLASS DAVID PURSER, PHYSICS INSTRUCTOR, KARNES CITY HIGH SCHOOL BRUCE WEBBER, INSTRUCTOR, CFI, CFII, CFIMEI, CAPTAIN JET BLUE AIRLINES USE OF

More information

1811G/H PITOT-STATIC TEST SET

1811G/H PITOT-STATIC TEST SET 1811G/H PITOT-STATIC TEST SET USER INSTRUCTION MANUAL M/N: 1811G/H, P/Ns: 101-00165 101-00168 101-00169 Doc. P/N: 56-101-00165_00168_00169 Revision C December 9, 2014 BARFIELD, INC. Corporate Headquarters

More information

No Description Direction Source 1. Thrust

No Description Direction Source 1. Thrust AERODYNAMICS FORCES 1. WORKING TOGETHER Actually Lift Force is not the only force working on the aircraft, during aircraft moving through the air. There are several aerodynamics forces working together

More information

Objective: Pressure caused by the weight of the atmosphere. Blanket (Layer) of gases surrounding a planet

Objective: Pressure caused by the weight of the atmosphere. Blanket (Layer) of gases surrounding a planet 1 Objective: You will understand upon completion that: The atmosphere is composed of layers that vary in properties The atmosphere has a specific composition based on a mixture of gases The atmosphere's

More information

Part 66 Cat. B1 / B2 Module 8 BASIC AERODYNAMICS. Vilnius Issue 1. Effective date FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY Page 1 of 74

Part 66 Cat. B1 / B2 Module 8 BASIC AERODYNAMICS. Vilnius Issue 1. Effective date FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY Page 1 of 74 Part 66 Cat. B1 / B2 Module 8 BASIC AERODYNAMICS Vilnius-2017 Issue 1. Effective date 2017-07-28 FOR TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY Page 1 of 74 Table of Contents Part-66 Module 8. Basic Aerodynamics (Cat. B1

More information

Lesson: Atmospheric Dynamics

Lesson: Atmospheric Dynamics Lesson: Atmospheric Dynamics By Keith Meldahl Corresponding to Chapter 8: Atmospheric Circulation Our atmosphere moves (circulates) because of uneven solar heating of the earth s surface, combined with

More information

PILOT S HANDBOOK of Aeronautical Knowledge AC61-23C

PILOT S HANDBOOK of Aeronautical Knowledge AC61-23C PILOT S HANDBOOK of Aeronautical Knowledge AC61-23C Revised 1997 Chapter 1 Excerpt Compliments of... www.alphatrainer.com Toll Free: (877) 542-1112 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION

More information

Name: Class: Date: SHORT ANSWER Answer the following questions in the space provided.

Name: Class: Date: SHORT ANSWER Answer the following questions in the space provided. CHAPTER 11 REVIEW Gases SECTION 1 SHORT ANSWER Answer the following questions in the space provided. 1. Pressure =. For a constant force, when the surface area is tripled the pressure is (a) doubled. (b)

More information

CHAPTER 9 PROPELLERS

CHAPTER 9 PROPELLERS CHAPTER 9 CHAPTER 9 PROPELLERS CONTENTS PAGE How Lift is Generated 02 Helix Angle 04 Blade Angle of Attack and Helix Angle Changes 06 Variable Blade Angle Mechanism 08 Blade Angles 10 Blade Twist 12 PROPELLERS

More information

CHAPTER 1 - PRINCIPLES OF FLIGHT

CHAPTER 1 - PRINCIPLES OF FLIGHT CHAPTER 1 - PRINCIPLES OF FLIGHT Reilly Burke 2005 INTRODUCTION There are certain laws of nature or physics that apply to any object that is lifted from the Earth and moved through the air. To analyze

More information

ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION

ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION Name ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION (adapted from Dr. S. Postawko, U. of Ok.) INTRODUCTION Why does the wind blow? Why do weather systems in the mid-latitudes typically move from west to east? Now that we've

More information

Aviation Teleclass Webinar!

Aviation Teleclass Webinar! Welcome to the Supercharged Science Aviation Teleclass Webinar! You can fill out this worksheet as we go along to get the most out of time together, or you can use it as a review exercise at the end of

More information

POWERED FLIGHT HOVERING FLIGHT

POWERED FLIGHT HOVERING FLIGHT Once a helicopter leaves the ground, it is acted upon by the four aerodynamic forces. In this chapter, we will examine these forces as they relate to flight maneuvers. POWERED FLIGHT In powered flight

More information

S-TEC. Pilot s Operating Handbook

S-TEC. Pilot s Operating Handbook S-TEC Pilot s Operating Handbook List of Effective Pages * Asterisk indicates pages changed, added, or deleted by current revision. Retain this record in front of handbook. Upon receipt of a Record of

More information

POWER-OFF 180 ACCURACY APPROACH AND LANDING

POWER-OFF 180 ACCURACY APPROACH AND LANDING POWER-OFF 180 ACCURACY APPROACH AND LANDING OBJECTIVE To teach the commercial student the knowledge of the elements related to a power-off 180 accuracy approach and landing. COMPLETION STANDARDS 1. Considers

More information

The Fly Higher Tutorial IV

The Fly Higher Tutorial IV The Fly Higher Tutorial IV THE SCIENCE OF FLIGHT In order for an aircraft to fly we must have two things: 1) Thrust 2) Lift Aerodynamics The Basics Representation of the balance of forces These act against

More information

Revision Number Revision Date Insertion Date/Initials 1 st Ed. Oct 26, 00 2nd Ed. Jan 15, 08

Revision Number Revision Date Insertion Date/Initials 1 st Ed. Oct 26, 00 2nd Ed. Jan 15, 08 List of Effective Pages * Asterisk indicates pages changed, added, or deleted by current revision. Retain this record in front of handbook. Upon receipt of a Record of Revisions revision, insert changes

More information

Meteorology. Circle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer

Meteorology. Circle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer Chapter 4 Worksheet 3 Meteorology Name: Circle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer 1) Natural convection and turbulence are most likely to occur when: a) temperature decreases rapidly with

More information

6C Science Fair Knowledge

6C Science Fair Knowledge 6C Science Fair Knowledge Our Science Paragraph By: Bella,Heidi and Jasjot Our science fair experiment was if we could study the features of the flying squirrel and how it glides so we could apply that

More information

2 Buoyant Force. TAKE A LOOK 2. Identify What produces buoyant force?

2 Buoyant Force. TAKE A LOOK 2. Identify What produces buoyant force? CHAPTER 3 2 Buoyant Force SECTION Forces in Fluids BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What is buoyant force? What makes objects sink or float? How

More information

Post-Show FLIGHT. After the Show. Traveling Science Shows

Post-Show FLIGHT. After the Show. Traveling Science Shows Traveling Science Shows Post-Show FLIGHT After the Show We recently presented a flight show at your school, and thought you and your students might like to continue investigating this topic. The following

More information

Chapter 1 The Atmosphere

Chapter 1 The Atmosphere Chapter 1 The Atmosphere Section 1 - Guiding Questions How is the atmosphere important to living things? What gases are present in Earth s atmosphere? Section 1 - The Air Around You Importance of the Atmosphere

More information

Engine Performance reciprocating engine, turboprop engine, turbofan engine turbojet engine Manifold pressure (MAP) waste gate critical altitude

Engine Performance reciprocating engine, turboprop engine, turbofan engine turbojet engine Manifold pressure (MAP) waste gate critical altitude Engine Performance Note applicable to Chapters 4 and 5: The ATP Single-engine exam (ATS) focuses on the Cessna 208 and the ATP Multi-engine exam (ATM) focuses on the Bombardier CRJ200 and 0400. There are

More information

Sportsman (401) Maneuver Descriptions. And. Suggested Downgrades

Sportsman (401) Maneuver Descriptions. And. Suggested Downgrades Sportsman (401) Maneuver Descriptions And Suggested Downgrades 2015 Purpose: The purpose of this guide is to furnish an accurate description of each maneuver of the Sportsman (401) pattern sequence. Study

More information

ACTIVITY 1: Buoyancy Problems. OBJECTIVE: Practice and Reinforce concepts related to Fluid Pressure, primarily Buoyancy

ACTIVITY 1: Buoyancy Problems. OBJECTIVE: Practice and Reinforce concepts related to Fluid Pressure, primarily Buoyancy LESSON PLAN: SNAP, CRACKLE, POP: Submarine Buoyancy, Compression, and Rotational Equilibrium DEVELOPED BY: Bill Sanford, Nansemond Suffolk Academy 2012 NAVAL HISTORICAL FOUNDATION TEACHER FELLOWSHIP ACTIVITY

More information

PITOT-STATIC FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS

PITOT-STATIC FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS Ch 06.qxd 10/24/03 6:55 AM Page 6-1 Flight instruments enable an airplane to be operated with maximum performance and enhanced safety, especially when flying long distances. Manufacturers provide the necessary

More information

Exploration Series. MODEL ROCKET Interactive Physics Simulation Page 01

Exploration Series.   MODEL ROCKET Interactive Physics Simulation Page 01 MODEL ROCKET ------- Interactive Physics Simulation ------- Page 01 How high will your model rocket fly? At liftoff, the rocket engine is ignited and a thrust force is generated. The rocket accelerates

More information

II.E. Airplane Flight Controls

II.E. Airplane Flight Controls References: FAA-H-8083-3; FAA-8083-3-25 Objectives Key Elements Elements Schedule Equipment IP s Actions SP s Actions Completion Standards The student should develop knowledge of the elements related to

More information

1. [Chang7 5.P.013.] Convert 295 mmhg to kpa. kpa Convert 2.0 kpa to mmhg. mmhg

1. [Chang7 5.P.013.] Convert 295 mmhg to kpa. kpa Convert 2.0 kpa to mmhg. mmhg Score 1. [Chang7 5.P.013.] Convert 295 mmhg to kpa. kpa Convert 2.0 kpa to mmhg. mmhg 2. [Chang7 5.P.019.] The volume of a gas is 5.80 L, measured at 1.00 atm. What is the pressure of the gas in mmhg if

More information

Aircraft Performance

Aircraft Performance Energy Management Aircraft Performance The energy state describes how much of each kind of energy the airplane has available at any given time. Pilots who understand energy management will know instantly

More information

The effect of back spin on a table tennis ball moving in a viscous fluid.

The effect of back spin on a table tennis ball moving in a viscous fluid. How can planes fly? The phenomenon of lift can be produced in an ideal (non-viscous) fluid by the addition of a free vortex (circulation) around a cylinder in a rectilinear flow stream. This is known as

More information

Notes: Gas Laws (text Ch. 11)

Notes: Gas Laws (text Ch. 11) Name Per. Notes: Gas Laws (text Ch. 11) NOTE: This set of class notes is not complete. We will be filling in information in class. If you are absent, it is your responsibility to get missing information

More information

6.1 Introduction to Weather Weather air mass Weather factors Temperature Pressure What is wind? Wind Convection in the atmosphere Thermals thermal

6.1 Introduction to Weather Weather air mass Weather factors Temperature Pressure What is wind? Wind Convection in the atmosphere Thermals thermal 6.1 Introduction to Weather Weather is a term that describes the condition of the atmosphere in terms of temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind, and water. The major energy source for weather events is

More information

The Visual Physics of Baseball

The Visual Physics of Baseball The Visual Physics of Baseball By Clifton Neeley The above illustration is actually a picture of a baseball being thrown digitally through four different weights of air. Baseball enthusiasts and statisticians

More information

Lesson 5 Buffet Boundaries VMO/MMO Limits

Lesson 5 Buffet Boundaries VMO/MMO Limits Copyright Avfacts 2000. Buffet page 1. Lesson 5 Buffet Boundaries VMO/MMO Limits General High speed jet aircraft may suffer both high and low speed stall buffet. The high speed buffet is caused by flow

More information

Page: 513, 1. Nitrogen is removed from the air mainly by the action of nitrogen-fixing. Bacteria

Page: 513, 1. Nitrogen is removed from the air mainly by the action of nitrogen-fixing. Bacteria Warm-up Page: 513, 1. Nitrogen is removed from the air mainly by the action of nitrogen-fixing. Bacteria Page: 514, 2. and plants produce large quantities of oxygen in a process called. Land & ocean, photosythisis

More information

Aerodynamics Technology 10 Hour - Part 1 Student Workbook Issue: US180/10/2a-IQ-0201a. Lesson Module: 71.18/3 Written by: LJ Technical Dept

Aerodynamics Technology 10 Hour - Part 1 Student Workbook Issue: US180/10/2a-IQ-0201a. Lesson Module: 71.18/3 Written by: LJ Technical Dept Aerodynamics Technology 1 Hour - Part 1 Issue: US18/1/2a-IQ-21a Copyright 24,. No part of this Publication may be adapted or reproduced in any material form, without the prior written permission of. Lesson

More information