Pressure Controlled Modes of Mechanical Ventilation
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1 Pressure Controlled Modes of Mechanical Ventilation Christopher Junker Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine George Washington University Saturday, August 20, 2011
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5 Assist Control Hypoxemic Options Oxygenation proportional to mean alveolar pressure Increase Tidal Volume Increase PEEP Rapid Acceleration of Flow Pressure augmentation Inspiratory Pause
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7 PRVC
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9 PRVC Decelerating inspiratory flow pattern (square wave pressure build up) Pressure automatically adjusted according respiratory mechanics to deliver set tidal volume Flow Pressure Volume Set tidal volume Charles Gomersall 2003
10 PRVC Automatically Adjusts To Compliance Changes
11 Initial Settings on PRVC Tidal Volume 8cc/kg and titrate down Resp Rate estimated from minute ventilation previous setting or spontaneous rate pre-intubation Pressure limit 40 Inspiratory time 1 sec contingent on rate PEEP as appropriate, probably not less than 10 if oxygenation difficult
12 Pressure Control FiO2 Inspiratory time Resp Rate Inspiratory Pressure (pressure over PEEP) Rate of Pressure Rise PEEP Principles and practice of mechanical ventilation, 2006, Martin Tobin
13 Pressure Curves Comparison
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15 Principles and practice of mechanical ventilation, 2006, Martin Tobin
16 Paw airway aw PA alveolus A and Flow in PCV Principles and practice of mechanical ventilation, 2006, Martin Tobin
17 Pressure Control w/ Obstructive Principles and practice of mechanical ventilation, 2006, Martin Tobin
18 Initial Settings on Pressure Control Inspiratory time 1 second Resp Rate as with PRVC Inspiratory Pressure (pressure over PEEP) start at 30 and wean down to decrease TV as tolerated. Rate of Pressure Rise PEEP 10 and observe Principles and practice of mechanical ventilation, 2006, Martin Tobin
19 Pressure Control Inverse Ratio Principles and practice of mechanical ventilation, 2006, Martin Tobin
20 Airway Pressure Release Ventilation FiO2 Pressure High (CPAP) Time High Pressure low (PEEP) Time Low Principles and practice of mechanical ventilation, 2006, Martin Tobin
21 APRV Principles and practice of mechanical ventilation, 2006, Martin Tobin
22 APRV
23 Initial Settings on APRV Time High 2-6 seconds depending on CO2 production Pressure High 2/3 pressure of volume cycled requirement so about Time Low (PEEP) 0.5 seconds Pressure Low (PEEP) 0-5 titrate so it terminates in 75-25% PEF zone Principles and practice of mechanical ventilation, 2006, Martin Tobin
24 P/F MAP < < < T High (s) T low (s) Freq
25 Expiratory Flow
26 BiVent FiO2 Pressure High (CPAP) Time High Pressure low (PEEP) Time Low Pressure Support over High Pressure Support over PEEP Principles and practice of mechanical ventilation, 2006, Martin Tobin
27 Spontaneous Breathing w/ps Spontaneous Breaths w/ps
28 Initial Settings on BiLevel Time High 2-6 seconds depending on CO2 production Pressure High 2/3 pressure of volume cycled requirement so about Time Low (PEEP) 0.5 seconds Pressure Low (PEEP) 0-5 titrate so it terminates in 75-25% PEF zone Pressure over High 5-10 Pressure over PEEP 5-10 Principles and practice of mechanical ventilation, 2006, Martin Tobin
29 Bi-Vent Settings
30 P/F MAP < < < T High (s) T low (s) Freq
31 To Decrease PaCO 2 : Decrease T High. Shorter T High means more release/min. i.e. increased RR No shorter than 3 seconds (this just becomes inverse ratio pressure control Increase P High to increase P and volume exchange. (2-3 cm H 2 O/change) Monitor Vt PIP (best below 30 cm H 2 O) Check T low. If possible increase T low to allow more time for exhalation.
32 Management of PaO 2 To Increase PaO 2 1. Increase F I O 2 2. Increase MAP by increasing P High in 2 cm H 2 O increments. 3. Increase T high slowly (0.5 sec/change) 4. Recruitment Maneuvers 5. Shorten T PEEP (T low) to increase PEEPi in 0.1 sec. increments (This may reduce V T and affect PaCO 2 )
33 Weaning Bi-Vent Lower Rate Longer T High Lower P High Add PS
34 Weaning Bi-Vent Lower Rate Lower P High Longer T High Increase PS
35 Pressure controlled modes can deliver TV and MV equal to VC with lower peak pressures Play with the vents Pressure control is a perfectly good form of ventilation even in normal lungs All of these modes have increased mean alveolar pressure and potential for hypercarbia
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