CONTENT. General Requirement. 2 Lab Format Lab Reports Self-evaluation Grading of Lab Reports Reference
|
|
- Ronald Parks
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 CE322 Hydraulic Laboratory Component General Information, Requirements, and Instructions (Prepared by Dr. Jim Liou, Department of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Idaho) CONTENT General Requirement. 2 Lab Format Lab Reports Self-evaluation Grading of Lab Reports Reference Guidelines for Preparing and Grading Rubric of Lab Reports 4 List of Individual Lab Exercise and Objectives... 6 Flow Measurement and Energy Loss in Pipes 7 Water Hammer, Wave Speed, Line Pack, and Attenuation...11 Pelton Turbine Centrifugal Pump Flow Measurement, Channel Transition, and Hydraulic Jump Channel Resistance and Water Surface Profile. 25 Appendix Sample Peer Evaluation Form 27 Prepared for CE322 by C. P. Liou, Page 1 of 26
2 General Requirements Lab Format All lab sessions will be conducted at the Hydraulics Laboratory in BEL G6. At the beginning of each lab session, the instructor or lab technician will demonstrate the usage and function of the equipment and instrument involved. Afterwards, you as a group is expected to complete the lab unassisted and unsupervised. Each lab should last no more than three hours. With tasks well planned beforehand, the duration can be shortened, sometimes considerably. Before each lab session, you should read the lab description (attached), plan tasks, and divide responsibility for data taking, sample calculations, data reduction and analysis, and report writing. Although unsupervised, assistance is available. If you encounter a problem and cannot overcome it, please see Dr. Erik R. Coats in BEL 129 or Mr. Don Parks, Lab Technician, in BEL G3. Lab Reports Lab reports are due one week after each lab session. A general guideline for preparing the lab report is given in the next section. Self-evaluation After the submission of each lab report, a confidential peer-evaluation should be completed by each individual and ed to the instructor. The peer evaluation form attached to the end of this handout should be used for this purpose. In general, if no problem is revealed by the self evaluations, a common mark (i.e., same mark for all group members) will be assigned. Grading of Lab Reports Reports will be graded for technical content and for writing, For technical content, the rubric is given in the next section. For writing, miss-spelling, and muddled thoughts will cause you points. Reference Other than the material in this packet, there is no required text. However, the following reference is very helpful: An Introduction to Error Analysis The Study of Uncertainties in Physical Measurements, 2 nd Edition, John R. Taylor, University Science Books, 1997, ISBN X. The instructor has one copy available on loan to lab groups. Prepared for CE322 by C. P. Liou, Page 2 of 26
3 Guidelines for Preparing and Grading Rubric of Lab Reports The following main sections are required. 1. Introduction (all paragraphs in Introduction should be brief and concise) What is this lab for? What do you want to accomplish? What are the main findings? How is this report organized? 2. Theory Describe the theory involved in your own words. Cut-and-paste passages from another source is not acceptable. Relate the theory to the lab. What and to what extent do you expect the data to verify with the theory? 3. Approach Describe the work performed in a logical sequence. Describe any difficulties encountered and note the anticipated effects. 4. Results Establish uncertainty bounds for all direct measurements and derived quantities. Describe the results, including uncertainty bounds, in words and in plots, tables, etc. 5. Discussions How the data (observations) relates to theory? Explain differences between theory and data in terms of assumptions and uncertainties. 6. Design of Experiment Envision a different design of the experiment to achieve the same learning objective (described for each lab experiment below). Include the following in the description of the design: a schematic, a functional description, and a list of quantities to be measured. 7. Appendix 1 Raw data as recorded during the lab session. 8. Appendix 2 Sample calculation. During a lab session, carry out calculations for one data point from beginning to end. This must be done by hand calculations with a calculator. The sample calculations serves several purposes: (1) ensures that no data items are missing; (2) helps you develop a feel for the magnitude of quantities involved; (3) show your thought process in data reduction. No specific format of sample calculation is required. Sample calculations generated after the lab session defeat the purpose and are not accepted. Prepared for CE322 by C. P. Liou, Page 3 of 26
4 Appendix 3. Details of data reduction using Mathcad or Excel. The lab report must show the progression of thoughts and how parts fit together. A collection of parts completed by individuals without careful editing and integration is not acceptable. Keep the following in mind when editing: 1. be complete: what, how, why, when, where 2. be clear: format, order, word choice, sentence structure 3. be coordinated: logical transitions of thoughts Exam questions may come from the lab experiments. Each member of the group should understand and agree with the whole content of the report. Before submitting, each member should affix his or her signature on the cover sheet of the report indicating that he or she has proof-read the report. Prepared for CE322 by C. P. Liou, Page 4 of 26
5 List of Individual Lab Exercise and Objectives Lab. 1: Flow Measurement and Energy Loss in Pipes Objectives: to become familiar with some basic pressure and flow measurements, and to gain an understanding of head losses of incompressible flow in pipes. Lab. 2: Water Hammer, Wave Speed, Line Pack, and Attenuation Objectives: to observe the phenomenon of water hammer in a long copper piping system, and to quantify wave speed, potential surge, line pack, and attenuation. Lab. 3 Pelton Turbine Objectives: to obtain a feel on what the water horsepower, the brake horsepower, and the efficiency of a hydraulic machinery are, and to see that a turbine can be operated over a range of speeds, and that there is an optimum operating point. Lab. 4 Centrifugal Pump Objectives: to understand the pump characteristics, and to see how the performance data of a pump is established and presented. Lab. 5 Flow Measurement, Channel Transition, and Hydraulic Jump (if time allows) Lab. 6 Channel Resistance and Water Surface Profile (if time allows) Objectives: (1) to understand the occurrence of critical flow and the usage of critical flow section as a flow meter, (2) to understand the concept of specific energy as applied to a transition, and (3) to verify the momentum and the energy principles as applied to a hydraulic jump. (If time does not permit at the end of the semester, labs 5 and 6 will be replaced by a class demonstration and homework exercise.) Prepared for CE322 by C. P. Liou, Page 5 of 26
6 CE322-Hydraulics Flow Measurement and Energy Loss in Pipes Objectives The objectives of this experiment are: to become familiar with some basic pressure and flow measurements, and to gain an understanding of head losses of incompressible flow in pipes. Tasks to be accomplished 1. Calibrate a Venturi flow meter. 2. Determine the Darcy-Weisbach friction factor for a pipe at two Reynolds numbers. 3. Determine the head loss characteristics of a gate valve at three different openings. Equipment Description The Scott Fluid Circuit System will be used for this experiment. A schematic of the circuit is shown on page 7. Valves 45 and 52 are throttled, separately, for regulating flow. The remaining valves are used to set the flow path. They should be either fully open or fully closed unless otherwise stated. The supply reservoir is vented at the top. The sight glass attached to the reservoir can be used to determine water level inside. Make sure the reservoir is about half full throughout the experiment. There are two independent differential manometers shown in the schematic. The finger screw at the top of each unit is used to vent air bubbles and, separately, to trap air as manometer fluid. During differential head measurements, the screws must be tightly closed. Venting air pockets trapped in the circuit and in the manometer sensing lines will be demonstrated in the class. General Procedures 1. Venturi Flow Meter Calibration. You can use any combination of valves to provide flow through the Venturi meter. Valve 52 should be fully closed and valve 45 should be used as a throttling valve to control the flow-rate. At this configuration, the water is wasted and does not return to the reservoir. Tap water must be fed to the reservoir at the same rate as that through valve 45. Use the reservoir level as a guide to adjust the faucet. The flow-rate through the Venturi is measured by weighing the water discharged through valve 45 over a time. A bucket, a scale, and a stop watch will be used for this purpose. Fill the bucket near capacity to obtain accurate flow-rates. Prepared for CE322 by C. P. Liou, Page 6 of 26
7 Once the reservoir level becomes constant, you can take time to obtain the differential manometer reading. You need to estimate average readings as the water columns in the manometer fluctuate due to turbulence. Note the range of fluctuations as they are needed to establish error bounds. You should obtain at least ten (10) pairs of manometer reading and volumetric flow-rate data to generate the calibration curve for the Venturi flow meter. During the flow-rate measurement, also measure the water temperature for use in Task Darcy-Weisbach Friction Factor Determination. Use the Venturi flow meter to obtain the volumetric flow-rate through pipe 3. The flow direction can be either way, depending on your valve configuration. The differential head between taps 24 and 32 is measured by the second differential manometer. (The first differential manometer is used by the Venture.) Both valve 45 and the fill valve should be closed fully. The water is now recirculating through the system. Use valve 52 to control the flow-rates. Set the flow-rate at the top of range tested in Task 1. When the flow is steady, read the head difference between taps 24 and 32. Obtain the second pair of data at a flow-rate half as large as the first one. (Can you estimate the desired differential manometer reading for the Venturi directly without consulting the calibration curve?) Calculate the Darcy-Weisbach friction factors and the Reynolds numbers for the measured data. Plot your results on a standard Moody diagram. Do they match the standard data? Explain why they do or don't match. Use a pipe inside diameter of inches in your calculations. You must measure the length of the pipe between taps 24 and 32. Also measure the temperature of the water (as noted in 1) so that a proper viscosity is used. 3. Gate Valve Head Loss Characteristics. Valve 45 and the fill valve should be closed fully. The water is recirculating through the system. Use valve 52 to control the flow-rates. Set the remaining valves such that the flow through the gate valve on pipe 3 is common to the flow through the Venturi flow meter. The head difference between the two sides of the gate valve is measured by the second manometer. (Again, the first manometer is used by the Venturi meter to obtain flow-rate.) It takes about 5.5 turns to move the valve from full open to full closed position. You are required to obtain a flow versus head loss curve at three valve settings. These settings Prepared for CE322 by C. P. Liou, Page 7 of 26
8 are: 1 turn open, 2 turns open, and full open. Use at least 5 data points to establish the curve for the two larger valve openings. Make sure that the data points cover as a wide range of flow as possible. For the case with the smallest opening, the manometer may be too short when the flow is high. When this occurs, three data points (at lower flow-rates) will be sufficient. Plot all three curves on one graph paper. Discuss the results. At a fixed valve position, what is the length of pipe that will produce the same head loss as the valve itself? Make sure that you turn the pump off after the experiment. Because the pump runs very quietly, it may be left on unknowingly. Minimum Report Requirements The following items must be provided or addressed in your report. 1. Tables of raw and processed data. 2. One complete set of sample calculations. If you use a spreadsheet program to manage data, you need to provide the algorithms used so that your thought process can be understood. 3. A brief discussion for each completed task. (Do the results make sense? What do they confirm or disprove? What is the point of this task?) 4. Estimation of error bounds for the results. State the basis of your estimations 5. Description of an alternate design of this experiment There is no required format for the report. You are encouraged to develop your own style of report writing. Other Equipment 1. stopwatch, 2. thermometer, and 3. tape measure. (all in a tool box). Other Information You should allow at least three hours to complete this lab session. Plan the test and divide the work evenly. You also need to meet and prepare the report. Make sure everyone is aware of all aspects of the lab. As you become familiar with the process, future labs will become easier and faster. It is essential that calculations on one data point be carried out during the lab session. It will help you to prevent errors and to alert you of missing data before it is too late. Prepared for CE322 by C. P. Liou, Page 8 of 26
9 Prepared for CE322 by C. P. Liou, Page 9 of 26
10 CE322-Hydraulics Water Hammer, Wave Speed, Line Pack, and Attenuation Objectives The objectives of this experiment are: to observe the phenomenon of water hammer in a long copper piping system, and to quantify wave speed, potential surge, line pack, and attenuation. Equipment Description The test loop is made of cooper (red brass) type k tubing. It has an internal diameter of inch and a wall thickness of inch. As a material, red cooper has a Young s modulus of elasticity between 15*10 6 to 17*10 6 psi. The length of the tubing is approximately 1100ft. The pipe is mounted in such a way that it forms a loop like a racing track. The pipe inlet is located in the water sump below floor level. About 31.5 ft from the pipe entrance on floor level is a pump with a variable frequency drive. The pump speed may be adjusted by pushing up or down buttons on variable frequency drive panel mounted on the wall near the pump. For personal and equipment safety, the frequency should never exceed 30 Hz during this lab. Water circulates in the loop and empties into the sump. At the outlet of the loop are two quarter-turn valves. One of them is connected to a hose. The other is closed and is not involved in this lab. For this lab, two piezoelectric pressure transducers (Keller PAA-25) are used to capture the rapidly varying pressures of water hammer. The transducers convert the source pressures into DC voltages which are written into a data file by the PC-based data acquisition system. The voltage is proportional to the pressure level. The calibration of the transducers are 0 Volts at 0 psi (absolute), and 10 Volts at 200 psi (absolute). The linear distance along the pipe between the transducers is 1097 ft. The elevation of these transducers are the same. The data file is a text file formatted in three columns. Column 1 is time in seconds, Column 2 the pressure (in volts) close to the pump. Column 3 is the pressure (in volts) near the loop outlet. Bring a USB thumb drive so you can copy the data file to your thumb for offline processing. A bucket, a weighing scale, a stopwatch, and a thermometer are provided to measure the volumetric flow rate prior to water hammer. Procedures 1.) On the pump control panel, push the start button to turn the pump on. Increase the power line-frequency to 60 Hz by pressing the up button. Open wide the valve at the loop outlet. (i.e., the valve connected to the hose). Let the flow go through the loop for several minutes to force out any trapped air in the loop. Prepared for CE322 by C. P. Liou, Page 10 of 26
11 2.) Reduce the power-line frequency down 30 Hz by pressing the down arrow on the wall mounted control panel. Let flow stabilize and then measure the volumetric flow rate. Be sure to keep the pipe hose at a constant elevation and clear form the bucket when doing this. Take 3 flow measurements and establish an average flow rate. Note the uncertainties involved in measurements. Also measure the temperature of the water. 3.) Start a data acquisition session. The session only last 5 seconds. Have one person at the computer control while another person is poised to slat-shut the outlet valve. On the command of the control and 1 second into the session, shut the valve. Five seconds later, open the discharge valve so the pump is not pumping against a dead end for too long. The instructor will demonstrate this fast sequence. 4.) At this point we have the data to show what happens when the outlet valve is suddenly closed. A computerized strip chart provides the visual for the data. Make note of the steady state frictional head loss, the potential surge, the line packing, and the attenuation of the water hammer. 5.) After seeing what is going on, you are ready to take data on your own. Take three sets of data to ensure the phenomenon is repeatable. After the lab session, import the data into a spreadsheet program or Mathcad and plot the digitized pressure traces. Can you pick out the potential surge and the line pack? Compute the Darcy-Weisbach friction factor from the measured flow, the average inlet and outlet pressures collected by the computer prior to water hammer generation. Also compute the potential surge and the wave speed. Computed the water hammer wave speed three ways: (1) by the theoretical approach, (2) by the potential surge relationship, and (3) by wave travel time. Discuss the results and estimate the error bounds. Minimum Report Requirement 1. Show all raw data and one set of complete calculations. 2. Establish error estimations. 3. Discuss the results. 4. Describe an alternate design of this experiment Reports are due one week after data is taken. Prepared for CE322 by C. P. Liou, Page 11 of 26
12 Prepared for CE322 by C. P. Liou, Page 12 of 26
13 Prepared for CE322 by C. P. Liou, Page 13 of 26
14 CE322-Hydraulics Pelton Turbine Objectives The objectives of this experiment are: to obtain a feel on what the water horsepower, the brake horsepower, and the efficiency of a hydraulic machinery are, and to see that a turbine can be operated over a range of speeds, and that there is an optimum operating point. Equipment Description This lab is to be performed on a hydraulic bench and a model Pelton impulse turbine. The bottom portion of the bench is a sump tank. A centrifugal pump draws water from the sump and feeds it to the turbine. The spent water is dumped into a volumetric measuring tank. The water is eventually returned to a sump tank for recirculation. Located at the lower left side of the bench is a pump discharge valve. This valve should be fully open during tests. The turbine sits over the side channel on the top of the bench. The flow into the turbine is controlled by a spear valve assembly. The other function of this assembly is to form a solid water jet directed at the turbine buckets from left. A pressure gauge mounted on the assembly indicates the pressure head (in meters) of flow approaching the spear valve. For this experiment, we will determine the efficiency of the system (the spear valve assembly and the turbine) instead of the turbine runner alone. The jet velocity, although not directly measurable, can be estimated from the pressure head with some approximating assumptions. A load to the turbine is applied through a tensioning device mounted on a support frame over the turbine. This device is made of a belt with its ends attached to two spring balances dangling down from the support frame. The belt is looped around a drum mounted on the turbine shaft. By raising (lowering) the device, the torque applied to the running turbine can be increased (decreased). Facing the turbine, its rotation is counterclockwise. The spring balance on the left will indicate a greater force than that of the right. The difference of these two forces multiplied by the radius of the drum (3 cm precisely) yields the torque applied to the turbine. Any offset of the force readings should be corrected. The speed (in rpm) of the turbine can be measured by a digital tachometer. Aim the tachometer at the reflective patch on the turbine shaft and press the white switch on its right side to obtain readings. Speeds from 10 to 30,000 rpm can be measured. The rpm uncertainty is: 0.1 rpm from 10 to 1000 rpm, 1 rpm from 1000 to 6000 rpm, and 2 rpm from 6000 to 30,000 rpm. Please keep this tachometer dry as it is not water-proof. General Procedures Prepared for CE322 by C. P. Liou, Page 14 of 26
15 1. Make sure the spear valve and the pump discharge valve are fully closed. Plug in the power cord. Measure the distance between turbine shaft center and the center of the buckets. 2. Turn the pump on (the switch is located at the lower left panel). Turn the pump discharge valve to its wide-open position. This valve should remain wide open during the lab. 3. Lower the tensioning device so that the belt is not touching the drum. 4. Open the spear valve slowly until the pressure gauge indicates a pressure head of 20 meters. 5. Measure the turbine speed. This is the runaway speed at the set spear valve position. 6. Measure the flow rate. This is done by dropping (i.e., closing) the dump valve and measuring the time required to collect a given volume of water. A sight class and scale on the lower left panel of the hydraulic bench are to be used for this measurement. Open the dump valve when finished. 7. Raise the tensioning device to apply a torque to the turbine. The turbine will slow down. Obtain its rpm. Also, obtain the force readings from the two balances. 8. Repeat step 7 no fewer than 15 times. You want to span the turbine speed from runaway to nearly zero rpm. At a very low rpm, the belt slips, the balances jump wildly, and a constant turbine speed cannot be maintained. Use your judgment to get as low a turbine speed as possible but still can get valid data. 9. Repeat the volumetric flow rate measurement. 10. Open the spear valve further until a pressure head of 10 meters is reached. 11. Repeat steps 5 to Close all the valves. Turn the pump off and unplug the power cord. Minimum Report Requirement 1. Tabulate all raw data and provide a complete set of sample calculations on one data point. 2. Establish water horse power versus bucket speed curve at the two spear valve positions. 3. Establish brake-horse power versus bucket speed curve at the two spear valve positions. Prepared for CE322 by C. P. Liou, Page 15 of 26
16 4. Establish system efficiency versus bucket speed curve at the two spear valve positions. 5. Discuss the results, including experimental errors and uncertainties. 6. Describe an alternate design of this experiment Report Due Date: One week after data is taken. Prepared for CE322 by C. P. Liou, Page 16 of 26
17 CE322 Hydraulics Centrifugal Pump Objectives The objectives are: (1) to establish pump performance curves and (2) to verify the homologous theory. Develop an understanding on the characteristics and operation of centrifugal pumps through these activities Equipment Description A centrifugal pump and a motor are mounted on a test stand (see Fig. 1). Electric power is fed to the motor via a variable frequency drive. The pump takes suction from a tank (see Fig. 3) via a suction pipe. On the discharge side of the pump are a control valve, a dial pressure gauge, and a Venturi flow meter (see Figure 2). A second control valve is located on the discharge pipe between the Venturi and the pipe outlet to the tank (see Fig. 3). Water in the tank is conveyed to the pump inlet through the suction pipe, upon acquiring the total dynamic head of the pump, the water goes through the Venture meter and re-circulates back to the tank. Figure 1 Centrifugal pump (left), a torque sensor (middle) and a motor with a force gauge (right) Prepared for CE322 by C. P. Liou, Page 17 of 26
18 Figure 2 Pump discharge control valve, pressure dial gauge, and Venturi flow meter During test, the control valve between the pump discharge and the dial pressure gauge should remain wide open. Use the control valve near the discharge pipe outlet (see Fig. 3) to regulate the flow. Prepared for CE322 by C. P. Liou, Page 18 of 26
19 Figure 3 Tank, flow control valve, carrier-demodulator for the differential pressure transducer (left on shelf), power supply for the torque sensor (middle on shelf), and variable frequency drive (right on shelf) The power input to the test stand is measured by a Watts meter. The torque exerted by the motor on the pump shaft is measured in two ways: (1) by a torque sensor, and (2) by a force gauge with a known moment arm. A hand-held tachometer is used to measure the rotational speed of the pump. The measured torque and the rotational speed enable the power input to the pump (which is the same as the power output from the motor) calculated. From the water level in the tank (measurable using a staff gauge), the flow rate (measurable using the Venturi), pressure at pump discharge, and the known elevations of the suction pipe and the dial pressure gauge, the total head at pump suction and discharge can be calculated. The difference between the two is the total dynamic head produced by the pump at the given flow. Consider all head losses (entrance, elbow, and friction) along the suction pipe in calculating the total head at pump suction. Additional information are given below: Suction pipe centerline elevation: 0 in (i.e., this the datum for elevations) Suction pipe length: need to be measured. Pump suction pipe inside diameter: in Pump discharge pipe inside diameter: in Venturi throat diameter: 0.48 in Prepared for CE322 by C. P. Liou, Page 19 of 26
20 1.1 Venturi Calibration K SQR(2 g dh)*(d/nu) Figure 4. Calibration curve of the flow coefficient K for the Venturi meter (See Roberson and Crowe Figure and CE322 first Lab) Elevation of the pressure gauge at pump discharge: in Supply tank bottom elevation: 2.25 in. This is the elevation of the zero reading of the staff gauge affixed to the inner wall of the tank. The calibration flow coefficient K for the Venturi meter is provided in Fig. 4. The d horizontal axis of Fig. 4 represents 2g h, where g is gravitational acceleration (32.2 ν ft/s 2 ), h is the differential piezometric head (in ft) between the Ventuii approach section and the throat, d is the diameter at Venturi throat, and ν is the kinematic viscosity of the fluid in ft 2 /s. h is related to the output of the differential pressure transducer. (8 Volts corresponds 10 psi, linear). Knowing K, the flow can be computed from Q = KA 2g h o Prepared for CE322 by C. P. Liou, Page 20 of 26
21 The output from the torque sensor is Volts. This voltage output, corrected for any offset, is converted to torque in inch-ounce by ( ) ( ) Γ in oz =. +. *Volts *Volts The moment arm to be used in calculating the torque using the force gauge is 4.06 inches. Both methods of torque measurements should be used and reported. Procedure 1. Before turning the power on, ensure the pump discharge control valve is fully closed. 2. Turn on the power, adjust the frequency of the input power to nearly zero. 3. Gradually open the pump discharge control valve. Ensure both valves are now fully open. 4. Gradually increase the power frequency to 60 Hz. Once there, record tank level, dial pressure gauge reading, Venturi meter output, torque sensor output, and the reading from the Watts meter. 5. Reduce the flow by adjust the control valve near the discharge pipe outlet (the valve at the pump discharge should stay wide open) and record the data. Repeat this at least ten times in such a way that your flow data is more or less equally spaced between 0 and the maximum. 6. Reduce the power frequency to 30 Hz. Repeat the same to obtain the data set at the lower pump speed. Minimum Report Requirement 1. Outline the theory behind pump performance characteristics and homologous theory 2. Establish the head versus flow and efficiency versus flow curves (pump efficiency, motor efficiency, and overall efficiency) for the two pump speeds 3. Establish the head versus flow curves in terms of homologous variables 4. Uncertainty bounds must presented as an integral part of your results 5. Discuss the results 6. Describe an alternate design of this experiment 7. Include raw data sheets, sample calculations, and all data reduction in an appendix Prepared for CE322 by C. P. Liou, Page 21 of 26
22 CE322 - Hydraulics Flow Measurement, Channel Transition, and Hydraulic Jump Objectives There are three objectives: (1) to understand the occurrence of critical flow and the usage of critical flow section as a flow meter, (2) to understand the concept of specific energy as applied to a transition, and (3) to verify the momentum and the energy principles as applied to a hydraulic jump. Equipment Description A flume is constructed from Lucite sheets. It has a width of 3.8 cm and a length of 8.6 m. A ramp is inserted near the mid-length of the flume. The upper-end of the flume rests on a rigid support. The lower-end rests on a thick pin inserted in a support frame. The slope of the flume can be adjusted by lifting up the lower end of the flume with a wrench, remove and reinsert the pin to a new position, and lower the flume to the pin at the new position. Water is supplied to the head box by pump located at the free-fall end of the flume. Water flows through the flume and free-falls into the pump supply reservoir. General Procedure Make sure the pump discharge valve is closed. Turn the pump on. Slowly open the discharge valve so that the water level in the head box is about two-thirds full. Using the valve to make small flow adjustment to create: (1) a subcritical flow region upstream from the ramp, (2) a supercritical flow region immediately downstream from the ramp, (3) a hydraulic jump, and (4) a subcritical flow region between the jump but and the free-fall. Once the valve position is set, it should remain unchanged throughout this lab exercise. The slope of the flume is preset so that you can create the required flow conditions with the valve. Please do not change the slope of the channel. The scales (two vertical and one along the channel) affixed to the flume are not involved with this lab exercise. In the following tasks, each member of the team should make a complete set of measurements. All measurements should be used in your team report. Flow measurement A weighing tank and a stop watch are provided. Use the deflector to direct the falling jet into the weighing tank for flow measurement. Measure the depth of critical flow sections (there are two) and compute the flow rate. Do the calculated values match the measured one within the uncertainties of measurements? Transition Prepared for CE322 by C. P. Liou, Page 22 of 26
23 Measure depths of flow at the approach section to the ramp and at the section at the midpoint of the ramp. Can you explain the observed trend of changes in flow depth? How do the measured depths compare with theory? Hydraulic Jump Measure the depth of flow before and after the jump. Use your judgment to decide where these measurements should be. Verify the conjugate depth ratio versus Froude number relationship (Eqs and 7-26 of the text). Also verify the energy loss-relationship (Eq of the text). Minimum Report Requirement 1. Tabulate all raw data. 2. Provide one set of complete sample calculations. 3. Discuss the results in terms of assumptions, uncertainties, etc. 4. Describe an alternate design of this experiment Prepared for CE322 by C. P. Liou, Page 23 of 26
24 CE322-Hydraulics Channel Resistance and Water Surface Profile Objectives The objectives are (1) to understand open channel's resistance to flow by determining the Manning's n value, (2) to understand water surface profiles physically and computationally. Equipment Description A flume is constructed from Lucite sheets. It has a width of 3.81 cm and a length of 8.6 m approximately. The upper end of the flume rests on a rigid support. The lower end rests on a thick pin inserted in a support frame. The slope of the flume is adjustable by changing the pin position. Use the wrench to lift the lower end of the flume so that the pin can be repositioned. Water is recirculated through the flume by a pump. The flow rate is adjustable by throttling the discharge valve of the pump. Flow rate is measured by a weighing tank and a scale. If the water is wasted during flow rate measurement, than you need to make up the lost water with the hose connected to the building water supply. You need to keep the water level in the pump constant. Otherwise, the flow rate may vary over time. Two vertical scales are affixed at the two ends of the flume. A third scale is affixed along the flume. With these scales and using a level, the slope of the flume can be determined. General Procedure Turn the pump on and have water circulating in the flume. Set the flume to a mild slope (hydraulically speaking). Make further flow adjustment until a smooth M2 profile is created. Use the level to record needed data for channel slope determination. (The level will be set up and ready to record data.) Use the weighing tank to determining the flow rate. Use the flow rate to calculate the critical depth. Locate the channel cross-section near the free-fall where critical flow occurs. This section is the control for the M2 profile. Starting at the control section, record the flow depth and the corresponding distance along the channel so you have a measured M2 water surface profile. By using the measured flow rate and the control section, and by assuming a range of Manning's n values, a set of M2 profiles can be computed with the direct step method. You should write a simple compute program or to use a spread sheet program for this purpose. The Manning 's n associated with the computed profile that best matches the measured profile is the answer. Minimum Report Requirement 1. Tabulate all raw data 2. Provide one set of complete sample calculations with uncertainties indicated Prepared for CE322 by C. P. Liou, Page 24 of 26
25 3. Provide the listing of the computer program (or make explicit cell formulas if you use a spread sheet) for the water surface computations 4. Discuss your results 5. Describe an alternate design of this experiment Prepared for CE322 by C. P. Liou, Page 25 of 26
26 Appendix Sample peer evaluation form (adopted from ABET student Outcomes by Gloria Rogers, Please rate each member of the team on the following scale: Unsatisfactory Developing Satisfactory Exemplary Name Attribute Carlos Sara Jeffrey Rima Researched and gathered information Fulfilled team roles when assigned Shared in the work of the team Demonstrated good listening skills Researched and gathered information Fulfilled team roles when assigned Shared in the work of the team Demonstrated good listening skills Researched and gathered information Fulfilled team roles when assigned Shared in the work of the team Demonstrated good listening skills Researched and gathered information Fulfilled team roles when assigned Shared in the work of the team Demonstrated good listening skills Prepared for CE322 by C. P. Liou, Page 26 of 26
Cover Page for Lab Report Group Portion. Pump Performance
Cover Page for Lab Report Group Portion Pump Performance Prepared by Professor J. M. Cimbala, Penn State University Latest revision: 02 March 2012 Name 1: Name 2: Name 3: [Name 4: ] Date: Section number:
More informationCover Page for Lab Report Group Portion. Head Losses in Pipes
Cover Page for Lab Report Group Portion Head Losses in Pipes Prepared by Professor J. M. Cimbala, Penn State University Latest revision: 02 February 2012 Name 1: Name 2: Name 3: [Name 4: ] Date: Section
More informationThe Discussion of this exercise covers the following points:
Exercise 3-2 Orifice Plates EXERCISE OBJECTIVE In this exercise, you will study how differential pressure flowmeters operate. You will describe the relationship between the flow rate and the pressure drop
More informationLab #1 Pressure: Bubblers and Water Balloons CEE 331 Fall 2003
CEE 331 Lab 1 Page 1 of 9 SAFETY Lab #1 Pressure: Bubblers and Water Balloons CEE 331 Fall 2003 Laboratory exercise based on an exercise developed by Dr. Monroe Weber-Shirk The major safety hazard in this
More informationExperiment (13): Flow channel
Experiment (13): Flow channel Introduction: An open channel is a duct in which the liquid flows with a free surface exposed to atmospheric pressure. Along the length of the duct, the pressure at the surface
More informationExperiment 8: Minor Losses
Experiment 8: Minor Losses Purpose: To determine the loss factors for flow through a range of pipe fittings including bends, a contraction, an enlargement and a gate-valve. Introduction: Energy losses
More informationLab 1c Isentropic Blow-down Process and Discharge Coefficient
058:080 Experimental Engineering Lab 1c Isentropic Blow-down Process and Discharge Coefficient OBJECTIVES - To study the transient discharge of a rigid pressurized tank; To determine the discharge coefficients
More informationHours / 100 Marks Seat No.
17421 21415 3 Hours / 100 Marks Seat No. Instructions : (1) All Questions are compulsory. (2) Answer each next main Question on a new page. (3) Illustrate your answers with neat sketches wherever necessary.
More informationLab #4 Pipe Flow, Minor and Major Losses, and Walking in Osborne Reynolds Shoes CEE 331 Fall 2006
CEE 331 Lab 4 Page 1 of 5 Lab #4 Pipe Flow, Minor and Major Losses, and Walking in Osborne Reynolds Shoes CEE 331 Fall 2006 Safety The major safety hazard in this laboratory is a shock hazard. Given that
More informationLab 1: Pressure and surface tension. Bubblers, gravity and the mighty paper clip.
Lab 1: Pressure and surface tension. Bubblers, gravity and the mighty paper clip. CEE 3310 - Summer 2012 SAFETY The major safety hazard in this laboratory is a shock hazard. Given that you will be working
More informationExercise 2-3. Flow Rate and Velocity EXERCISE OBJECTIVE C C C
Exercise 2-3 EXERCISE OBJECTIVE C C C To describe the operation of a flow control valve; To establish the relationship between flow rate and velocity; To operate meter-in, meter-out, and bypass flow control
More informationCover Page for Lab Report Group Portion. Drag on Spheres
Cover Page for Lab Report Group Portion Drag on Spheres Prepared by Professor J. M. Cimbala, Penn State University Latest revision: 29 September 2017 Name 1: Name 2: Name 3: [Name 4: ] Date: Section number:
More informationInstruction Manual. Pipe Friction Training Panel
Instruction Manual HL 102 Pipe Friction Training Panel 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 HL 102 Instruction Manual This manual must be kept by the unit. Before operating the unit: - Read this manual. - All
More informationThe Discussion of this exercise covers the following points:
Exercise 5-3 Wet Reference Leg EXERCISE OBJECTIVE Learn to measure the level in a vessel using a wet reference leg. DISCUSSION OUTLINE The Discussion of this exercise covers the following points: Measuring
More informationMEMORIAL UNIVERSITY OF NEWFOUNDLAND Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science FLUID MECHANICS LABORATORY PIPE FRICTION
MEMORIAL UNIVERSITY OF NEWFOUNDLAND Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science FLUID MECHANICS LABORATORY PIPE FRICTION Objective To estimate the fluid pressure drops and roughness specifications for copper
More informationCover Page for Lab Report Group Portion. Lift on a Wing
Cover Page for Lab Report Group Portion Lift on a Wing Prepared by Professor J. M. Cimbala, Penn State University Latest revision: 17 January 2017 Name 1: Name 2: Name 3: [Name 4: ] Date: Section number:
More informationExercise 5-2. Bubblers EXERCISE OBJECTIVE DISCUSSION OUTLINE. Bubblers DISCUSSION. Learn to measure the level in a vessel using a bubbler.
Exercise 5-2 Bubblers EXERCISE OBJECTIVE Learn to measure the level in a vessel using a bubbler. DISCUSSION OUTLINE The Discussion of this exercise covers the following points: Bubblers How to measure
More informationAdvanced Hydraulics Prof. Dr. Suresh A. Kartha Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati
Advanced Hydraulics Prof. Dr. Suresh A. Kartha Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati Module - 4 Hydraulics Jumps Lecture - 4 Features of Hydraulic Jumps (Refer Slide
More informationH16 Losses in Piping Systems
H16 Losses in Piping Systems The equipment described in this manual is manufactured and distributed by TECQUIPMENT LIMITED Suppliers of technological laboratory equipment designed for teaching. BONSALL
More informationIrrigation &Hydraulics Department lb / ft to kg/lit.
CAIRO UNIVERSITY FLUID MECHANICS Faculty of Engineering nd Year CIVIL ENG. Irrigation &Hydraulics Department 010-011 1. FLUID PROPERTIES 1. Identify the dimensions and units for the following engineering
More informationApplied Fluid Mechanics
Applied Fluid Mechanics 1. The Nature of Fluid and the Study of Fluid Mechanics 2. Viscosity of Fluid 3. Pressure Measurement 4. Forces Due to Static Fluid 5. Buoyancy and Stability 6. Flow of Fluid and
More informationIntroduction. Part one: Identify the Hydraulic Trainer Components
The University Of Jordan School of Engineering Mechatronics Engineering Department Fluid Power Engineering Lab Experiments No.4 Introduction to Hydraulic Trainer Objective: Students will be able to identify
More informationANSWERS TO QUESTIONS IN THE NOTES AUTUMN 2018
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS IN THE NOTES AUTUMN 2018 Section 1.2 Example. The discharge in a channel with bottom width 3 m is 12 m 3 s 1. If Manning s n is 0.013 m -1/3 s and the streamwise slope is 1 in 200,
More informationThe Discussion of this exercise covers the following points: Pumps Basic operation of a liquid pump Types of liquid pumps The centrifugal pump.
Exercise 2-3 Centrifugal Pumps EXERCISE OBJECTIVE In this exercise, you will become familiar with the operation of a centrifugal pump and read its performance chart. You will also observe the effect that
More informationPump Performance Testing
Pump Performance Testing SAFETY Keep water away from all electrical equipment except the pump, and do your best to keep the pump motor dry. Don t handle the power supply or multimeter(s) with wet hands
More informationMEMORANDUM. Investigation of Variability of Bourdon Gauge Sets in the Chemical Engineering Transport Laboratory
1 MEMORANDUM TO: FROM: Prof. Davis Hubbard Prof. Faith A. Morrison DATE: 22 April 2014 RE: Investigation of Variability of Bourdon Gauge Sets in the Chemical Engineering Transport Laboratory Introduction
More informationAdvanced Hydraulics Prof. Dr. Suresh A. Kartha Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati
Advanced Hydraulics Prof. Dr. Suresh A. Kartha Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati Module - 4 Hydraulic Jumps Lecture - 1 Rapidly Varied Flow- Introduction Welcome
More informationFluid Machinery Introduction to the laboratory measurements
Fluid Machinery Introduction to the laboratory measurements Csaba H s (csaba.hos@hds.bme.hu) Ferenc Hegedus (hegedusf@hds.bme.hu) February 21, 2014 1 Requirements related to the measurement part of the
More informationExercise 2-2. Second-Order Interacting Processes EXERCISE OBJECTIVE DISCUSSION OUTLINE. The actual setup DISCUSSION
Exercise 2-2 Second-Order Interacting Processes EXERCISE OBJECTIVE Familiarize yourself with second-order interacting processes and experiment with the finer points of controller tuning to gain a deeper
More informationExercise 4-2. Centrifugal Pumps EXERCISE OBJECTIVE DISCUSSION OUTLINE DISCUSSION. Pumps
Exercise 4-2 Centrifugal Pumps EXERCISE OBJECTIVE Familiarize yourself with the basics of liquid pumps, specifically with the basics of centrifugal pumps. DISCUSSION OUTLINE The Discussion of this exercise
More informationHeat Engine. Reading: Appropriate sections for first, second law of thermodynamics, and PV diagrams.
Heat Engine Equipment: Capstone, 2 large glass beakers (one for ice water, the other for boiling water), temperature sensor, pressure sensor, rotary motion sensor, meter stick, calipers, set of weights,
More informationCHEMICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY CHEG 239W. Control of a Steam-Heated Mixing Tank with a Pneumatic Process Controller
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY CHEG 239W Control of a Steam-Heated Mixing Tank with a Pneumatic Process Controller Objective The experiment involves tuning a commercial process controller for temperature
More informationExperiment Instructions. Circulating Pumps Training Panel
Experiment Instructions Circulating Pumps Training Panel Experiment Instructions This manual must be kept by the unit. Before operating the unit: - Read this manual. - All participants must be instructed
More informationThe Discussion of this exercise covers the following points: Range with an elevated or suppressed zero Suppressed-zero range Elevated-zero range
Exercise 4-3 Zero Suppression and Zero Elevation EXERCISE OBJECTIVE In this exercise, you will learn the effect that mounting a pressure transmitter above or below the reference level has on the hydrostatic
More informationLab Problems. Lab Problems for Chapter Fluid Characterization by Use of a Stormer Viscometer L-1
Lab Problems This section contains end-of-the-chapter problems that involve data obtained from various simple laboratory experiments. These lab problems for any chapter can be obtained by clicking on the
More informationExercise 3. Power Versus Wind Speed EXERCISE OBJECTIVE DISCUSSION OUTLINE. Air density DISCUSSION
Exercise 3 Power Versus Wind Speed EXERCISE OBJECTIVE When you have completed this exercise, you will know how to calculate the power contained in the wind, and how wind power varies with wind speed. You
More informationFluid Flow. Link. Flow» P 1 P 2 Figure 1. Flow Model
Fluid Flow Equipment: Water reservoir, output tubes of various dimensions (length, diameter), beaker, electronic scale for each table. Computer and Logger Pro software. Lots of ice.temperature probe on
More informationHYDRAULICS. H89.8D - Hydraulic Bench
HYDRAULICS H89.8D - Hydraulic Bench 1. General The H89.8D and ancillary equipment have been developed to provide a comprehensive range of experiments in fluid mechanics. The bench is of robust construction
More informationFlow in a shock tube
Flow in a shock tube April 30, 05 Summary In the lab the shock Mach number as well as the Mach number downstream the moving shock are determined for different pressure ratios between the high and low pressure
More informationLab. Manual. Fluid Mechanics. The Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering
Lab. Manual of Fluid Mechanics The Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering General Safety rules to be followed in Fluid Mechanics Lab: 1. Always wear shoes before entering lab. 2. Do not touch
More informationINSTRUCTOR GUIDE REFERENCES: PUMPING APPARATUS DRIVER/OPERATOR HANDBOOK, FIRST EDITION, IFSTA
TOPIC: RELAY PUMPING OPERATIONS LEVEL OF INSTRUCTION: TIME REQUIRED: ONE HOUR INSTRUCTOR GUIDE MATERIALS: APPROPRIATE AUDIO VISUAL SUPPORT REFERENCES: PUMPING APPARATUS DRIVER/OPERATOR HANDBOOK, FIRST
More informationLab Procedure. PumpLab TM Centrifugal Flow/ Process Control System
Lab Procedure 1 PumpLab TM Centrifugal Flow/ Process Control System Introduction Industry utilizes pumping systems as an integral part of their production process strategy. Understanding the proper operation
More informationDigital Level Control One and Two Loops Proportional and Integral Control Single-Loop and Cascade Control
Digital Level Control One and Two Loops Proportional and Integral Control Single-Loop and Cascade Control Introduction This experiment offers a look into the broad field of process control. This area of
More informationLab 3 Introduction to Quantitative Analysis: Pumps and Measurements of Flow
Georgia Institute of Technology School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences EAS 4641, Spring 2008 Lab 3 Introduction to Quantitative Analysis: Pumps and Measurements of Flow Purpose of Lab 3: 1) To gain a
More informationAC : A LABORATORY EXERCISE TO DEMONSTRATE HOW TO EXPERIMENTALLY DETERMINE THE OPERATING POINT FOR A FAN
AC 2007-206: A LABORATORY EXERCISE TO DEMONSTRATE HOW TO EXPERIMENTALLY DETERMINE THE OPERATING POINT FOR A FAN Robert Edwards, Pennsylvania State University-Erie Robert Edwards is currently a Lecturer
More informationSeries/Parallel Pumps Bench PBSPB
Series/Parallel Pumps Bench PBSPB Engineering and Technical Teaching Equipment Electronic console PROCESS DIAGRAM AND UNIT ELEMENTS ALLOCATION ISO 9001: Quality Management (for Design, Manufacturing, Commercialization
More informationBalancing HVAC Hydronic Systems Part 3: Flow Measurement Valves
Balancing HVAC Hydronic Systems Part 3: Flow Measurement Valves Monday Morning Minutes by Norm Hall, August 20, 2018 The flow balance of a hydronic system is a critical component in the commissioning of
More information(Refer Slide Time: 2:16)
Fluid Machines. Professor Sankar Kumar Som. Department Of Mechanical Engineering. Indian Institute Of Technology Kharagpur. Lecture-23. Diffuser and Cavitation. Good morning and welcome you all to this
More informationand its weight (in newtons) when located on a planet with an acceleration of gravity equal to 4.0 ft/s 2.
1.26. A certain object weighs 300 N at the earth's surface. Determine the mass of the object (in kilograms) and its weight (in newtons) when located on a planet with an acceleration of gravity equal to
More informationOIL SUPPLY SYSTEMS ABOVE 45kW OUTPUT 4.1 Oil Supply
OIL SUPPLY SYSTEMS ABOVE 45kW OUTPUT 4.1 Oil Supply 4.1.1 General The primary function of a system for handling fuel oil is to transfer oil from the storage tank to the oil burner at specified conditions
More informationCover Page for Lab Report Group Portion. Compressible Flow in a Converging-Diverging Nozzle
Cover Page for Lab Report Group Portion Compressible Flow in a Converging-Diverging Nozzle Prepared by Professor J. M. Cimbala, Penn State University Latest revision: Prof. Steve Lynch, 14 February 2017
More informationSchedule of Requirements THERMODYNAMICS LABORATORY- CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
S. No 1 Description Calorimeter The Unit should be designed for the accurate determination of the calorific value of liquid and solid hydrocarbons and other fuels. Specifications: A temperature-controlled
More information2. Determine how the mass transfer rate is affected by gas flow rate and liquid flow rate.
Goals for Gas Absorption Experiment: 1. Evaluate the performance of packed gas-liquid absorption tower. 2. Determine how the mass transfer rate is affected by gas flow rate and liquid flow rate. 3. Consider
More informationBAPI Pressure Line of Products - FAQs
Table of Contents 1. Several manufacturers produce pressure transmitters, why should I purchase from BAPI?... p. 2 2. BAPI makes several styles of pressure transmitters. What are the features of each?...
More informationSINGLE VALVE WITH LOW-FLOW BYPASS
CONTROL VALVES Pressure Reducing Valve Sizing Guide Sizing pilot operated reducing valves is not a complicated process. It starts with determining requirements and following these guidelines in valve size
More informationQuick Reference Technical Data
Bulletin 127C 2 Quick Reference Technical Data For over 100 years, The Spencer Turbine Company has specialized in innovative solutions to air and gas handling problems. Spencer's product line includes
More informationGerald D. Anderson. Education Technical Specialist
Gerald D. Anderson Education Technical Specialist The factors which influence selection of equipment for a liquid level control loop interact significantly. Analyses of these factors and their interactions
More informationModule 2, Add on Lesson Depth Sensor. Teacher. 90 minutes
Module 2, Add on Lesson Depth Sensor 90 minutes Teacher Purpose of this lesson Investigate the relationship between pressure and depth Construct a sensor to measure the depth of water Graph data and reason
More informationUNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO
UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO Department of Chemical Engineering ChE 524 Process Control Laboratory Instruction Manual January, 2001 Revised: May, 2009 1 Experiment # 2 - Double Pipe Heat Exchanger Experimental
More informationLesson 6: Flow Control Valves
: Flow Control Valves Basic Hydraulic Systems Hydraulic Fluids Hydraulic Tank Hydraulic Pumps and Motors Pressure Control Valves Directional Control Valves Flow Control Valves Cylinders : Flow Control
More informationMicro Motion Pressure Drop Testing
12/2018 Micro Motion Pressure Drop Testing www.emerson.com/micromotion Introduction Micro Motion has traditionally taken a very conservative approach to pressure drop, with single pressure measurements
More informationExercise 8. Closed-Loop Pressure Control, Proportional-Plus-Integral Mode EXERCISE OBJECTIVE
Exercise 8 Closed-Loop Pressure Control, EXERCISE OBJECTIVE To understand open and closed-loop pressure control; To learn how to sense the pressure in a pneumatic circuit; To control the pressure in a
More informationPREVIEW COPY. Table of Contents. Basic Pumping Concepts...3. Maintaining Packing and Seals Lesson Three Maintaining Centrifugal Pumps...
Table of Contents Lesson One Lesson Two Basic Pumping Concepts...3 Maintaining Packing and Seals...19 Lesson Three Maintaining Centrifugal Pumps...37 Lesson Four Overhauling Centrifugal Pumps...53 Lesson
More informationicon i150 / i350 Installation / Operation Manual
i150 Concentrator i350 Concentrator icon i150 / i350 Installation / Operation Manual www.iconcentrator.com What You Will Need to Install Your icon In order to install your icon you will have to consider
More informationBY THOMAS M. WALSKI, BRIAN LUBENOW, AND JEFFREY SPAIDE. When they install a branch from a water distribution main,
BY THOMAS M. WALSKI, BRIAN LUBENOW, AND JEFFREY SPAIDE When they install a branch from a water distribution main, water utility managers often debate the benefits of using a tap as opposed to shutting
More information9 Mixing. I Fundamental relations and definitions. Milan Jahoda revision Radim Petříček, Lukáš Valenz
9 ixing ilan Jahoda revision 14-7-017 Radim Petříček, Lukáš Valenz I Fundamental relations and definitions ixing is a hydrodynamic process, in which different methods are used to bring about motion of
More informationPRESSURE SURGES IN PIPELINES
CHAPTER 4 PRESSURE SURGES IN PIPELINES 4.1 FEATURES OF PRESSURE SURGE In the past, water engineers were facing problems with repeated pipe bursts, failing seals etc. They termed the cause of failure as
More informationCover Page for Lab Report Group Portion. Compressible Flow in a Converging-Diverging Nozzle
Cover Page for Lab Report Group Portion Compressible Flow in a Converging-Diverging Nozzle Prepared by Professor J. M. Cimbala, Penn State University Latest revision: 13 January 2012 Name 1: Name 2: Name
More informationProcess Dynamics, Operations, and Control Lecture Notes - 20
Lesson 0. Control valves 0.0 Context Controller output is a signal that varies between 0 and 100%. Putting this signal to use requires a final control element, a device that responds to the controller
More informationCENTER PIVOT EVALUATION AND DESIGN
CENTER PIVOT EVALUATION AND DESIGN Dale F. Heermann Agricultural Engineer USDA-ARS 2150 Centre Avenue, Building D, Suite 320 Fort Collins, CO 80526 Voice -970-492-7410 Fax - 970-492-7408 Email - dale.heermann@ars.usda.gov
More informationINSTRUCTOR RESOURCES
Gases: Dalton s Law INSTRUCTOR RESOURCES By Dale A. Hammond, PhD LEARNING OBJECTIVES introduce the concept of ideal gases. experimentally determine the relationship between pressure and amount of gas,
More informationITTC Recommended Procedures and Guidelines
Page 1 of 6 Table of Contents 1. PURPOSE...2 2. PARAMETERS...2 2.1 General Considerations...2 3 DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE...2 3.1 Model Design and Construction...2 3.2 Measurements...3 3.5 Execution of
More informationTutorial. BOSfluids. Relief valve
Tutorial Relief valve The Relief valve tutorial describes the theory and modeling process of a pressure relief valve or safety valve. It covers the algorithm BOSfluids uses to model the valve and a worked
More informationLaboratory studies of water column separation
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering OPEN ACCESS Laboratory studies of water column separation To cite this article: R Autrique and E Rodal 2013 IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 52
More informationThe University of Hong Kong Department of Physics Experimental Physics Laboratory
The University of Hong Kong Department of Physics Experimental Physics Laboratory PHYS2260 Heat and Waves 2260-1 LABORATORY MANUAL Experiment 1: Adiabatic Gas Law Part A. Ideal Gas Law Equipment Required:
More informationME 333 Fluid Mechanics. Lab Session VISCOUS LOSSES IN PIPES
ME 333 Fluid Mechanics Lab Session VISCOUS LOSSES IN PIPES Introduction Flow in pipes, laminar or turbulent, is subject to pressure losses that result from the viscous stresses on the wall of the pipe.
More informationOPEN CHANNEL FLOW WORKSHEET 3 WATER SURFACE PROFILES
Learning Objectives OPEN CHANNEL FLOW WORKSHEET 3 WATER SURFACE PROFILES 1. Learn about gradually varied flow and rapidly varying flow 2. Discuss different types of water surface profiles 3. Discuss the
More informationPHYS 101 Previous Exam Problems
PHYS 101 Previous Exam Problems CHAPTER 14 Fluids Fluids at rest pressure vs. depth Pascal s principle Archimedes s principle Buoynat forces Fluids in motion: Continuity & Bernoulli equations 1. How deep
More informationSubsonic Wind Tunnel 300 mm
aerodynamics AF1300 TecQuipment s AF1300 Subsonic Wind Tunnel. See also AF300S starter set that includes AF1300Z Basic Lift and Drag Balance and a set of AF1300J Three Dimensional Drag Models with the
More informationTo plot the following performance characteristics; A pump is a device, which lifts water from a lower level to a higher
LABORATORY MANUAL ON RECIPROCATING PUMP TEST RIG Prepared By Prof. (Dr.) M. K. Roul Professor and Principal Department of Mechanical Engineering Gandhi Institute for Technological Advancement (GITA), Bhubaneswar-752054
More informationNOTES ON WATER HAMMER. 55
NOTES ON WATER HAMMER. 55 NOTES ON WATER HAMMER. By A. B. Robison. When the flow conditions of a liquid in a pipe line are varied by the opening or closing of a valve or the equivalent, a change in the
More informationBy Syed Ahmed Amin Shah 4 th semester Class No 8 Submitted To Engr. Saeed Ahmed
EXPERIMENT # 01 DEMONSTRATION OF VARIOUS PARTS OF HYDRAULIC BENCH. HYDRAULIC BENCH Hydraulic bench is a very useful apparatus in hydraulics and fluid mechanics it is involved in majority of experiments
More information3 1 PRESSURE. This is illustrated in Fig. 3 3.
P = 3 psi 66 FLUID MECHANICS 150 pounds A feet = 50 in P = 6 psi P = s W 150 lbf n = = 50 in = 3 psi A feet FIGURE 3 1 The normal stress (or pressure ) on the feet of a chubby person is much greater than
More informationOperating Instructions
Operating Instructions Note: 1. Never let the centrifugal pump run dry. 2. Make sure that there is at least one open path for water flow in the pipe network before turning the pump on. Never run the pump
More informationPriority (Swing) Motors Data and Specifications
s Data and Specifications Specifications HMF 55 HMF 75 HMF 105 cm 3/rev in 3/rev 55 3.36 75 4.57 105 6.40 Pressure Ratings Nominal 5000 PSIG Maximum 6090 PSIG Peak 7250 PSIG Operating Speed Maximum 4100
More informationLab # 03: Visualization of Shock Waves by using Schlieren Technique
AerE545 Lab # 03: Visualization of Shock Waves by using Schlieren Technique Objectives: 1. To get hands-on experiences about Schlieren technique for flow visualization. 2. To learn how to do the optics
More informationPaper 2.2. Operation of Ultrasonic Flow Meters at Conditions Different Than Their Calibration
Paper 2.2 Operation of Ultrasonic Flow Meters at Conditions Different Than Their Calibration Mr William Freund, Daniel Measurement and Control Mr Klaus Zanker, Daniel Measurement and Control Mr Dale Goodson,
More informationTUTORIAL. NPSHA for those who hate that stuffy word. by Jacques Chaurette p. eng. copyright 2006
TUTORIAL NPSHA for those who hate that stuffy word by Jacques Chaurette p. eng. www.lightmypump.com copyright 2006 page.2 NPSHA for those who hate that stuffy word This article follows the same approach
More informationLAB 13: FLUIDS OBJECTIVES
205 Name Date Partners LAB 13: FLUIDS Fluids are an important part of our body OBJECTIVES OVERVIEW Fluid Properties To learn how some fundamental physical principles apply to fluids. To understand the
More informationLab 1. Adiabatic and reversible compression of a gas
Lab 1. Adiabatic and reversible compression of a gas Introduction The initial and final states of an adiabatic and reversible volume change of an ideal gas can be determined by the First Law of Thermodynamics
More informationBermad Pressure Reducing. Model: 42T
Bermad Pressure Reducing Pilot Operated Pressure Control Valve Model: 42T Installation Operation Maintenance Manual (IOM) REV. 27.7.17 Page 1 of 12 Safety First BERMAD believes that the safety of personnel
More informationLAB 13: FLUIDS OBJECTIVES
217 Name Date Partners LAB 13: FLUIDS Fluids are an important part of our body OBJECTIVES OVERVIEW Fluid Properties To learn how some fundamental physical principles apply to fluids. To understand the
More informationUNIT 15 WATER HAMMER AND SURGE TANKS
UNT 15 WATER HAMMER AND SURGE TANKS Structure 15.1 ntroduction Objectives 15.2 Water Hammer 15.2.1 Expression for Rise in Pressure 15.3 Rapid Acceleration of Flow 15.4 Surge Tanks 15.5 Summary 15.6 Keywords
More information3. REQUIRED EQUIPMENT
TEC? 700-700 Materiel Test Procedure 5-2-540 White Sands Missile Range I. OBJECTIVE U. S. ARMY TEST AND EVALUATION COMMAND COMMON ENGINEERING TEST PROCEDURE MISSILEBORNE GAS OPERATED POWER SUPPLY TESTS
More informationINDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY KHARAGPUR NPTEL ONLINE CERTIFICATION COURSE. On Industrial Automation and Control
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY KHARAGPUR NPTEL ONLINE CERTIFICATION COURSE On Industrial Automation and Control By Prof. S. Mukhopadhyay Department of Electrical Engineering IIT Kharagpur Topic Lecture
More informationE 328 E 498 Tank top mounting Connection up to G1½ / -24 SAE and SAE 2 Nominal flow rate up to 600 l/min / gpm
Return-Suction Filters E 8 E 98 Tank top mounting Connection up to G½ / - SE and SE Nominal flow rate up to 6 l/min / 8. gpm Description pplication For operation in units with hydrostatic drives, when
More informationENSURING AN ACCURATE RESULT IN AN ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM PART 1: UNDERSTANDING AND MEASURING TIME DELAY
ENSURING AN ACCURATE RESULT IN AN ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM PART 1: UNDERSTANDING AND MEASURING TIME DELAY Process measurements are instantaneous, but analyzer responses never are. From the tap
More informationPEAPOD. Pneumatically Energized Auto-throttled Pump Operated for a Developmental Upperstage. Test Readiness Review
PEAPOD Pneumatically Energized Auto-throttled Pump Operated for a Developmental Upperstage Test Readiness Review Customer: Special Aerospace Services Chris Webber and Tim Bulk 1 Overview Project Overview
More informationEXAMPLES (OPEN-CHANNEL FLOW) AUTUMN 2018
EXAMPLES (OPEN-CHANNEL FLOW) AUTUMN 2018 Normal and Critical Depths Q1. If the discharge in a channel of width 5 m is 20 m 3 s 1 and Manning s n is 0.02 m 1/3 s, find: (a) the normal depth and Froude number
More informationAir Eliminators and Combination Air Eliminators Strainers
Description Air Eliminators and Combination Air Eliminator Strainers are designed to provide separation, elimination and prevention of air in piping systems for a variety of installations and conditions.
More information