PART 1.2 HARDWARE SYSTEM. Dr. AA, Process Control & Safety
|
|
- Rosaline York
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 PART 1.2 HARDWARE SYSTEM Dr. AA, Process Control & Safety 1
2 How to Ensure that Process Plant is Safe 1. Preliminary Decision Process Selection, site selection etc 2. Process Design Inherent safety 3. Process Safety Management 2
3 PROCESS SYSTEM Many different scenarios Fully Automated vs manual plant Fully integrated continuous plant vs batch plant Onshore vs offshore 3
4 PART 1.2 HARDWARE SYSTEM Topic 1 Inherently Safe Design 4
5 Inherent Safety To make the concept more understandable, the following four words have been recommended to describe inherent safety Minimise (intensification) Substitute (substitution) Moderate (attenuation and limitation of effects) Simplify (simplification and error tolerance)
6 Minimise (example) Change from larger batch reactor to smaller continuous reactor Reduce storage inventory of raw materials Improve control to reduce inventory of hazardous intermediate chemicals Reduce process hold-up
7 Substitute (example) Use mechanical pump seals vs packing Use welded pipe vs flanged Use solvent that are less toxic Use mechanical gauges vs mercury Use chemicals with higher flash point, boiling points, and other less hazardous properties Use water as heat transfer fluid instead of hot oil
8 Moderate (example) Use vacuum to reduce boiling point Reduce process temperature and pressure Refrigerate storage vessel Dissolve hazardous materials in safe solvent Place control rooms away from operation Operate at conditions where runaway reactions are not possible Separate pump rooms from other rooms Barricade control rooms and tanks
9 Simplify (example) Keep piping systems neat and visually easy to follow Design control panels that are easy to comprehend Design plants for easy and safe maintenance Pick equipment with low failure rates Separate systems and controls into blocks that are easy to comprehend and understand Label pipes for easy walking the line Label vessels and controls to enhance understanding Add fire and explosion resistant barricades
10 Inherent Safety Concept Reduce the risk at early stage of design 10
11 PROJECT PHASE Safety issues must be embedded within all project life-cycle Conceptual Process development Project sanction Design, engineering, construction Hand over operation Relationship of six-stage process study system to project life-cyc Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Stage 5 Stage 6 Concept Process design Detailed Engineering Construction Pre- Commis sioning Postcommis sioning 11
12 Many hazard identification technique can be used at appropriate cycle Checklist LOPA HAZOP RR Method Used PHR What-if FTA ETA FMEA 12
13 Hazard identification technique and project phase Method used Project life cycle stage Checklist X X X X X X X X RR X X (X) (X) What-If X X X X FTA X X X (X) X ETA X X X (X) X FMEA (X) X X (X) LOPA X X X HAZOP (X) X X PHR X (X) 13
14 PART 1.2 HARDWARE SYSTEM Topic 2 Plant Operation System 14
15 Typical Objectives of Plant Operation 1. Protect people 2. Protect Environment 3. Protect Equipment 4. Maintain Smooth operation 5. Achieve Product rates and quality 6. Profit = optimising first five 7. Monitoring & diagnosis These are Achieved Through Process Control 15
16 DCS Architecture System Consoles Host Computer Data Storage Unit PLC Data Highway (Shared Communication Facilities) Local Console Local Control Unit... Local Control Unit Local Console 4-20 ma 4-20 ma Process Transmitters and Actuators 16
17 Fieldbus Technology P bar CEAG I/O Introduced 1988 but underwent many development Standard IEC61158 introduced in 1999 Based upon smart valves, smart sensors and controllers installed in the field. Uses data highway to replace wires from sensor to DCS and to the control valves. Less expensive installations and better reliability. Can mix different sources (vendors) of sensors, Foundation Fieldbus (FF) transmitters, and control valves. Profibus (Process Field Bus) Now commercially available and Others: ControlNet, P-Net, SwiftNet, should begin to replace DCSs. WorldFIP, Interbus, EtherCAT, SERCODS etc 17
18 Fieldbus Architecture Data Storage Plant Optimization High Speed Ethernet PLCs Local Area Network... Local Area Network H1 Fieldbus H1 Fieldbus Smart Sensors Smart Control Valves and Controllers Smart Sensors Smart Control Valves and Controllers H1 Fieldbus Network H1 Fieldbus Network 18
19 PLC Architecture PLC Cabinet Programming Interface Power Supply Processor Data Highway I/O Modules Input Devices Output Devices 19
20 Redundancy We desire independent protection layers, without common-cause failures - Separate systems Digital control system SIS system i/o. i/o i/o. i/o sensors sensors DCS handles controls and alarms functions. PLC handles SIS and Alarms associated with SIS 20
21 Layer of Protection DR. AA Process Control & Safety Group
22 Layers of Protection for High Reliability EMERGENCY RESPONSE CONTAINMENT RELIEF SIS ALARMS BPCS A U T O M A T I O N Strength in Reserve BPCS - Basic process control Alarms - draw attention SIS - Safety interlock system to stop/start equipment Relief - Prevent excessive pressure Containment - Prevent materials from reaching, workers, community or environment Emergency Response - evacuation, fire fighting, health care, etc. 22
23 Safety Through Automation Four Layers in the Safety Hierarchy Methods and equipment required at all four layers Process examples for every layer Workshop 23
24 All Processes must have Safety Through Automation Safety must account for failures of equipment (including controller) and personnel Multiple failure must be covered Responses should be limited, try to maintain production if possible Automation systems contribute to safe operation 24
25 Redundancy Key Concept in Process Safety Seriousness of event SAFETY STRENGTH IN DEPTH! RELIEF SYSTEM SAFETY INTERLOCK SYSTEM ALARM SYSTEM Divert material safely Stop the operation of part of process Bring unusual situation to attention of a person in the plant Four independent protection layers (IPL) BASIC PROCESS CONTROL SYSTEM Closed-loop control to maintain process within acceptable operating region PROCESS 25
26 Objective of process Control Control systems are designed to achieve welldefined objectives, grouped into seven categories. 1. Safety 2. Environmental Protection 3. Equipment Protection 4. Smooth Operation & Production Rate 5. Product Quality 6. Profit 7. Monitoring & Diagnosis We are now emphasizing these topics 26
27 1. Basic process Control System (BPCS) Technology - Multiple PIDs, cascade, feedforward, etc. Always control unstable variables (Examples in flash?) Always control quick safety related variables - Stable variables that tend to change quickly (Examples?) Monitor variables that change very slowly - Corrosion, erosion, build up of materials Provide safe response to critical instrumentation failures - But, we use instrumentation in the BPCS? 27
28 Feedback Control Single-loop feedback Control Strategy Overcoming disturbances Cascade Feed forward Ratio Constraints Split-range, override/select control Multivariable multi-loop Decoupling Multivariable control 28
29 Level Control on a Tank Ordinary Feedback Control Cascade Control F in F in L sp L sp F out F out LC LT LC LT FT RSP FC Without a cascade level controller, changes in downstream pressure disturb the tank level. With cascade level controller, changes in downstream pressure will be absorbed by the flow controller before they can significantly affect tank level because the flow controller responds faster to this disturbance than the tank level process. 29
30 Multiple Cascade Example TT TC RSP AC FC RSP FT AT This approach works because the flow control loop is much faster than the temperature control loop which is much faster than the composition control loop.
31 Level Control: Feedback vs feedforward Feedback To Steam Users Feedforward To Steam Users LT LC LT FT FF Make-up Water Feedback-only must absorb the variations in steam usage by feedback action only. Make-up Water Feedforward-only handle variation in steam usage but small errors in metering will eventually empty or fill the tank. 31
32 Level Control: Feedforward-Feedback FT FF LC + To Steam Users LT Make-up Water Combined feedforward and feedback has best features of both controllers. 32
33 Signal to Control Valve (%) Split Range Control: Another Example FC FT FC FT Smaller Valve Larger Valve Total Flowrate Sometimes a single flow control loop cannot provide accurate flow metering over the full range of operation. Split range flow control uses two flow controllers One with a small control valve and one with a large control valve At low flow rates, the large valve is closed and the small valve provides accurate flow control. At large flow rates, both valve are open. 33
34 ph Titration Curve for a Strong Acid-Strong Base System Base to Acid Ratio Therefore, for accurate ph control for a wide range of flow rates for acid wastewater, a split range flow controller for the NaOH is required. 34
35 Override/Select Control Override/Select control uses LS and HS action to change which controller is applied to the manipulated variable. Override/Select control uses select action to switch between manipulated variables using the same control objective. 35
36 Furnace Tube Temperature Constraint Control TC LS TC TT TT RSP FT FC Fuel Process Fluid Flue Gas 36
37 Column Flooding Constraint Control DPC LS AC FC RSP FT AT Lower value of flowrate is selected to avoid column flooding 37
38 BPCS- measurement redundancy How would we protect against an error in the temperature sensor (reading too low) causing a dangerously high reactor temperature? Cold feed Highly exothermic reaction. We better be sure that temperature stays within allowed range! TC 38
39 How would we protect against an error in the temperature sensor (reading too low) causing a dangerously high reactor temperature? Use multiple sensors and select most conservative! Controller output Cold feed TY > > Selects the largest of all inputs TC TY T1 Measured value to PID controller T2 39
40 Summary of Control Strategies Feedback Control Enhancement of single-loop Feedback control Cascade, split-range, override control Feedforward and Ratio Control Computed Control (e.g. reboiler duty, internal reflux etc) Advanced Control Inferential control Predictive control Adaptive control Multivariable control 40
41 2. Alarms that require actions by a Person Alarm has an anunciator and visual indication - No action is automated! - A plant operator must decide. Digital computer stores a record of recent alarms Alarms should catch sensor failures - But, sensors are used to measure variables for alarm checking? 41
42 2. Alarms that require actions by a Person Common error is to design too many alarms - Easy to include; simple (perhaps, incorrect) fix to prevent repeat of safety incident - example: One plant had 17 alarms/h - operator acted on only 8% Establish and observe clear priority ranking - HIGH = Hazard to people or equip., action required - MEDIUM = Loss of RM, close monitoring required - LOW = investigate when time available 42
43 3. Safety Interlock System (SIS) Automatic action usually stops part of plant operation to achieve safe conditions - Can divert flow to containment or disposal - Can stop potentially hazardous process, e.g., combustion Capacity of the alternative process must be for worst case SIS prevents unusual situations - We must be able to start up and shut down - Very fast blips might not be significant 43
44 3. Safety Interlock System Also called emergency shutdown system (ESS) or safety instrumented system (SIS) SIS should respond properly to instrumentation failures - But, instrumentation is required for SIS? Extreme corrective action is required and automated - More aggressive than process control (BPCS) Alarm to operator when an SIS takes action 44
45 Example The automation strategy is usually simple, for example, If L123 < L123 min ; then, reduce fuel to zero steam LC PC How do we automate this SIS when PC is adjusting the valve? water fuel 45
46 3. Safety Interlock System If L123 < L123 min ; then, reduce fuel to zero LS = level switch, note that separate sensor is used s = solenoid valve (open/closed) fc = fail closed steam PC 15 psig LC LS s s water fuel fc fc Extra valve with tight shutoff 46
47 SIS: Another Example The automation strategy may involve several variables, any one of which could activate the SIS If L123 < L123 min ; or If T105 > T105 max. then, reduce fuel to zero Shown as box in drawing with details elsewhere L123 T105.. SIS 100 s 47
48 SIS: measurement redundancy The SIF saves us from hazards, but can shutdown the plant for false reasons, e.g., instrument failure. False shutdown Failure on demand T100 Better performance, more expensive 1 out of 1 must indicate failure s 5 x x 10-3 T100 T101 T102 Same variable, multiple sensors! 2 out of 3 must indicate failure s 2.5 x x
49 SIS & DCS We desire independent protection layers, without common-cause failures - Separate systems Digital control system SIS system i/o. i/o i/o. i/o sensors sensors BPCS and Alarms SIS and Alarms associated with SIS 49
50 4. Safety Relief System Overpressure Increase in pressure can lead to rupture of vessel or pipe and release of toxic or flammable material Underpressure Also, we must protect against unexpected vacuum! Relief systems provide an exit path for fluid Benefits: safety, environmental protection, equipment protection, reduced insurance, compliance with governmental code 50
51 4. Safety Relief System Entirely self-contained, no external power required The action is automatic - does not require a person Usually, goal is to achieve reasonable pressure - Prevent high (over-) pressure - Prevent low (under-) pressure The capacity should be for the worst case scenario 51
52 4. Safety Relief System No external power required - self actuating - pressure of process provides needed force! Valve close when pressure returns to acceptable value Relief Valve - liquid systems Safety Valve - gas and vapor systems including steam Safety Relief Valve - liquid and/or vapor systems Pressure of protected system can exceed the set pressure. 52
53 4. Safety Relief System Rupture Disk No external power required self acting Rupture disk / burst diaphragm must be replaced after opening. 53
54 4. Safety Relief System Spring-loaded safety relief valve Process To effluent handling Rupture disc Process To effluent handling 54
55 IN SOME 4. Safety CASES, Relief RELIEF System VALVE AND DIAPHRAGM ARE USED IN SERIES - WHY? What is the advantage of two in series? Why not have two relief valves (diaphragms) in series? Why is the pressure indicator provided? Is it local or remotely displayed? Why? 55
56 4. Safety Relief System IN SOME CASES, RELIEF VALVE AND DIAPHRAGM ARE USED IN SERIES - WHY? Why is the pressure indicator provided? If the pressure increases, the disk has a leak and should be replaced. What is the advantage of two in series? The disc protects the valve from corrosive or sticky material. The valve closes when the pressure returns below the set value. Is it local or remotely displayed? Why? The display is local to reduce cost, because we do not have to respond immediately to a failed disk - the situation is not hazardous. 56
57 4. Safety Relief System WE SHOULD ALSO PROTECT AGAINST EXCESSIVE VACUUM The following example uses buckling pins overpressure underpressure 57
58 Location of Relief System Identify potential for damage due to high (or low) pressure (HAZOP Study) In general, closed volume with ANY potential for pressure increase may have exit path that should not be closed but could be hand valve, control valve (even fail open), blockage of line Remember, this is the last resort, when all other safety systems have not been adequate and a fast response is required! 58
59 Flash Drum Example
60 LET S CONSIDER A FLASH DRUM Is this process safe and ready to operate? Is the design completed? F1 60
61 Basic Process Control System Where could we use BPCS in the flash process? F1 61
62 The pressure will change quickly and affect safety; it must be controlled. The level is unstable; it must be controlled. F1 62
63 Alarms Where could we use alarms in the flash process? F1 63
64 The pressure affects safety, add a high alarm PAH A low level could damage the pump; a high level could allow liquid in the vapor line. F1 LAH LAL Too much light key could result in a large economic loss AAH 64
65 Safety Relief System Add relief to the following system F1 65
66 The drum can be isolated with the control valves; pressure relief is required. We would like to recover without shutdown; we select a relief valve. F1 66
CHAPTER 7: THE FEEDBACK LOOP
When I complete this chapter, I want to be able to do the following. Identify the major elements in the feedback loop Select appropriate candidate variables to be controlled and manipulated Evaluate the
More informationProcess Control Loops
In this section, you will learn about how control components and control algorithms are integrated to create a process control system. Because in some processes many variables must be controlled, and each
More informationIE098: Advanced Process Control for Engineers and Technicians
IE098: Advanced Process Control for Engineers and Technicians IE098 Rev.001 CMCT COURSE OUTLINE Page 1 of 6 Training Description: Advanced Process Control and Loop Tuning and Analysis is designed to provide
More informationCascade control. Cascade control. 2. Cascade control - details
Cascade control Statistical Process Control Feedforward and ratio control Cascade control Split range and selective control Control of MIMO processes 1 Structure of discussion: Cascade control Cascade
More informationRelief Systems. 11/6/ Fall
Relief Systems 1 Relief Scenarios o A single relief event requires a particulate vent area and valve size o Relief scenarios are determined based on a PHA o For each scenario, a vent area is calculated
More informationProcess & Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID) Purpose. Howitisdone? Methodology?
Process & Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID) Purpose 1. To indicate the instruments or control devices attached to the process. 2. To indicate the control system architecture associated with the process. Howitisdone?
More informationPROCESS MONITORING AND CONTROL
Chemical Engineering Process Design PROCESS MONITORING AND CONTROL Keith Marchildon David Mody Monitoring means Measurement 1. There is no Control without Monitoring 2. Monitoring should not be done without
More informationIdentification and Screening of Scenarios for LOPA. Ken First Dow Chemical Company Midland, MI
Identification and Screening of Scenarios for LOPA Ken First Dow Chemical Company Midland, MI 1 Layers of Protection Analysis (LOPA) LOPA is a semi-quantitative tool for analyzing and assessing risk. The
More informationBasic STPA Exercises. Dr. John Thomas
Basic STPA Exercises Dr. John Thomas Chemical Plant Goal: To produce and sell chemical X What (System): A chemical plant (production), How (Method): By means of a chemical reaction, a catalyst,. CATALYST
More informationProposed Abstract for the 2011 Texas A&M Instrumentation Symposium for the Process Industries
Proposed Abstract for the 2011 Texas A&M Instrumentation Symposium for the Process Industries Focus Area: Automation HMI Title: Author: Shared Field Instruments in SIS: Incidents Caused by Poor Design
More informationEvery things under control High-Integrity Pressure Protection System (HIPPS)
Every things under control www.adico.co info@adico.co Table Of Contents 1. Introduction... 2 2. Standards... 3 3. HIPPS vs Emergency Shut Down... 4 4. Safety Requirement Specification... 4 5. Device Integrity
More informationInherently Safer Design Analysis Approaches
Inherently Safer Design Analysis Approaches There are a number of ways inherent safety can be analyzed. In any case, the intent is to formalize the consideration of inherent safety rather than to include
More informationQuick Installation Guide Doc nr.: C Date:
Quick Installation Guide Doc nr.: 9.17.093C Date: 13-05-2016 SCOPE OF THIS GUIDE mini CORI-FLOW instruments are highly accurate instruments for measuring and controlling the mass flow rate of liquids and/or
More informationThe Risk of LOPA and SIL Classification in the process industry
The Risk of LOPA and SIL Classification in the process industry Mary Kay O Connor Process Safety Center International Symposium Beyond Regulatory Compliance, Making Safety Second Nature October 28-29,
More informationThe Relationship Between Automation Complexity and Operator Error
The Relationship Between Automation Complexity and Operator Error presented by Russell Ogle, Ph.D., P.E., CSP rogle@exponent.com (630) 274-3215 Chemical Plant Control Control physical and chemical processes
More informationUsing LOPA for Other Applications
10 Using LOPA for Other Applications 10.1. Purpose LOPA is a tool used to perform risk assessments. Previous chapters described its use in assessing the risk level of process hazards scenarios and in evaluating
More informationCPE562 Chemical Process Control HOMEWORK #1 PROCESS & INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM
Faculty of Chemical Engineering CPE562 Chemical Process Control HOMEWORK #1 PROCESS & INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM SUBMISSION DATE: 1 OCT. 2012 Question 1 Name the following equipments based on standard P&ID
More informationLevel MEASUREMENT 1/2016
Level MEASUREMENT 1/2016 AGENDA 2 A. Introduction B. Float method C. Displacer method D. Hydrostatic pressure method E. Capacitance method G. Ultrasonic method H. Radar method I. Laser method J. Level
More informationFUEL GAS FIRING CONTROL RJ (Dick) Perry Safety Systems Consultant 6 June 2016
INTRODUCTION Fired equipment such as Heaters and Boilers, normally have to comply with either NFPA 85/86 or API 556 for North America and some other countries which apply such standards, or EN 746-2 for
More informationImproving distillation tower operation
Improving distillation tower operation Measuring differential pressure across long sections of distillation columns has always been challenging, but purpose-built sensor systems provide a solution Fast
More informationTraining Fees 4,000 US$ per participant for Public Training includes Materials/Handouts, tea/coffee breaks, refreshments & Buffet Lunch.
Training Title CONTROL & SAFETY RELIEF VALVES Training Duration 5 days Training Venue and Dates Control & Safety Relief Valves 5 06-10 May, 2018 $4,000 Dubai, UAE Trainings will be conducted in any of
More informationKnowledge, Certification, Networking
www.iacpe.com Knowledge, Certification, Networking Page :1 of 71 Rev 01 Sept 2016 IACPE No 19, Jalan Bilal Mahmood 80100 Johor Bahru Malaysia The International of is providing the introduction to the Training
More informationTechnical Bulletin 0812-BE/BSA
Technical Bulletin 0812-BE/BSA RF Valves mission is to solve valve problems. We achieve this by providing valves that offer the lowest cost of ownership and operation, highest reliability and minimum maintenance.
More informationTIGHTNESS. Glass sealing Thanks to our glass-sealing technology, ODU products can meet the most demanding tightness requirements.
TIGHTNESS Glass sealing Thanks to our glass-sealing technology, ODU products can meet the most demanding tightness requirements. ODU has the necessary expertise for developing and manufacturing connectors
More informationHazard Operability Analysis
Hazard Operability Analysis Politecnico di Milano Dipartimento di Energia HAZOP Qualitative Deductive (search for causes) Inductive (consequence analysis) AIM: Identification of possible process anomalies
More informationSCOPE OF THIS GUIDE STARTING-UP. 1 Check mini CORI-FLOW functional properties
Quick Installation Guide Doc nr.: 9.17.052H Date: 10-12-2015 SCOPE OF THIS GUIDE mini CORI-FLOW instruments are highly accurate instruments for measuring and controlling the mass flow rate of liquids and/or
More informationChallenges in Relief Design for Pilot Plants
Challenges in Relief Design for Pilot Plants Published on July 5, 2017 Michael Trainor Relief system design at the pilot scale presents unique challenges that don t always apply at the commercial scale.
More informationImpact on People. A minor injury with no permanent health damage
Practical Experience of applying Layer of Protection Analysis For Safety Instrumented Systems (SIS) to comply with IEC 61511. Richard Gowland. Director European Process Safety Centre. (Rtgowland@aol.com,
More informationAdvanced LOPA Topics
11 Advanced LOPA Topics 11.1. Purpose The purpose of this chapter is to discuss more complex methods for using the LOPA technique. It is intended for analysts who are competent with applying the basic
More informationHigh Integrity Pressure Protection Systems HIPPS
High Integrity Pressure Protection Systems HIPPS HIPPS > High Integrity Pressure Protection Systems WHAT IS A HIPPS The High Integrity Pressure Protection Systems (HIPPS) is a mechanical and electrical
More informationACV-10 Automatic Control Valve
ACV-10 Automatic Control Valve Installation, Operation & Maintenance General: The Archer Instruments ACV-10 is a precision automatic feed rate control valve for use in vacuum systems feeding Chlorine,
More informationRadar, Ultrasonic and RF Level Transmitters
Radar, Ultrasonic and RF Level Transmitters Both measures the time it takes the wave to travel between the transmitter and that reflected wave off the surface of the material to reach the transmitter again.
More informationAUTOMATIC HOSE TEST UNIT, TYPE SPU
VALVES AND FITTINGS UP TO 14,000 BAR TEST AND CONTROL EQUIPMENT H IGH PRESSURE TECHNOLOGY AUTOMATIC HOSE TEST UNIT, TYPE SPU Pressure range from 1 up to 10,000 bar User-friendly touch panel operation HIGH-PRESSURE
More informationThe Discussion of this exercise covers the following points:
Exercise 5-3 Wet Reference Leg EXERCISE OBJECTIVE Learn to measure the level in a vessel using a wet reference leg. DISCUSSION OUTLINE The Discussion of this exercise covers the following points: Measuring
More informationProcess Dynamic and Control I CHEN 341
1 Process Dynamic and Control I CHEN 341 What is process control? 1. Process: number of successive steps (sequence of operations involving a change in a substance being treated) Series of steps or actions
More informationCold-acclimatised pipelines
Cold-acclimatised pipelines Maintaining flow and pressure when the temperature is low can present serious but manageable challenges. Field instrumentation can help, but it must be deployed and maintained
More informationFLUID POWER FLUID POWER EQUIPMENT TUTORIAL ACCUMULATORS. This work covers part of outcome 2 of the Edexcel standard module:
FLUID POWER FLUID POWER EQUIPMENT TUTORIAL ACCUMULATORS This work covers part of outcome 2 of the Edexcel standard module: UNIT 21746P APPLIED PNEUMATICS AND HYDRAULICS The material needed for outcome
More informationInstallation, operating and maintenance Instructions for Seemag bypass level indicator
Issue: S Date: 05-09-14 Type G35 General information The Seetru bypass magnetic level indicator, abbreviate SEEMAG, serves to show the filling level of fluids in tanks, basins, tubes etc. The Seemag operates
More informationSafety Engineering - Hazard Identification Techniques - M. Jahoda
Safety Engineering - Hazard Identification Techniques - M. Jahoda Hazard identification The risk management of a plant 2 Identification of the hazards involved in the operation of the plant, due to the
More informationArmfield Distillation Column Operation Guidelines
Armfield Distillation Column Operation Guidelines 11-2016 R.Cox Safety SAFETY GLASSES ARE REQUIRED WHEN OPERATING THE DISTILLATION COLUMN Wear gloves when mixing alcohol feedstock The column will become
More informationShanghai AEAD Technology Co., Ltd Professional Manufacturer of Flow, Level, Pressure, Temperature
Shanghai AEAD Technology Co., Ltd Professional Manufacturer of Flow, Level, Pressure, Temperature Tel: 86-21-5197 8797 Fax: 86-21-5197 8799 Email: shaead@163.com Site: www.shaead.com/english Flow Meter
More informationV10K GAS FEED SYSTEM WALLACE & TIERNAN PRODUCTS
V10K GAS FEED SYSTEM WALLACE & TIERNAN PRODUCTS V10K SYSTEM: PROVEN TECHNOLOGY WORLDWIDE IN USE Since Charles F. Wallace and Martin F. Tiernan discovered the first chlorine gas feed system in 1913 the
More informationTransient Analyses In Relief Systems
Transient Analyses In Relief Systems Dirk Deboer, Brady Haneman and Quoc-Khanh Tran Kaiser Engineers Pty Ltd ABSTRACT Analyses of pressure relief systems are concerned with transient process disturbances
More informationProducts for Cryogenic Applications
Products for Cryogenic Applications Cryogenic valves, self-operated regulators, differential pressure meters SMART IN FLOW CONTROL. Designed for cryogenic service Industry, medicine, supply engineering
More informationA large Layer of Protection Analysis for a Gas terminal scenarios/ cause consequence pairs
A large Layer of Protection Analysis for a Gas terminal 2000+ scenarios/ cause consequence pairs Richard Gowland European process Safety Centre The scope of the study was a large gas terminal handling
More informationDelayed Coker Automation & Interlocks
Delayed Coker Automation & Interlocks a Presented by Mitch Moloney of ExxonMobil @ coking.com April-2005 MJ Moloney - ExxonMobil April-2005 coking.com 0 Automation & Interlocks @ ExxonMobil - Background
More informationATEX VACUUM PUMPS AND GAUGES CHEMICALLY RESISTANT, OIL-FREE AND SAFE
ATEX VACUUM PUMPS AND GAUGES CHEMICALLY RESISTANT, OIL-FREE AND SAFE ATEX CHEMISTRY DIAPHRAGM PUMPS. ATEX VARIO CHEMISTRY DIAPHRAGM PUMPS. Chemistry diaphragm pumps, vacuum systems and gauges for use in
More informationFUNCTIONAL SAFETY: SIL DETERMINATION AND BEYOND A CASE STUDY FROM A CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING SITE
FUNCTIONAL SAFETY: SIL DETERMINATION AND BEYOND A CASE STUDY FROM A CHEMICAL MANUFACTURING SITE Jasjeet Singh and Neil Croft, HFL Risk Services Ltd, Manchester, UK Industrial chemical processes increasingly
More informationPaper Presentation: COMPLETE AND SIMULTANEOUS DCS FAILURE IN TWO 500MW UNITS
INDIAN POWER STATIONS POWER PLANT O&M CONFERENCE - 2012 Paper Presentation: COMPLETE AND SIMULTANEOUS DCS FAILURE IN TWO 500MW UNITS K C Tripathy, DGM (C&I) Anoop K, Dy Manager (C&I) B K Rathore, Dy Manager
More informationVALVES OPERATION, MAINTENANCE & TROUBLESHOOTING
Training Title VALVES OPERATION, MAINTENANCE & TROUBLESHOOTING Training Duration 5 days Training Venue and Dates Valves operation, Maintenance & Troubleshooting 5 02-06 Dec $3,750 Dubai, UAE In any of
More informationVariable Area Flow Meters
Variable Area Flow Meters Over sixty years of variable area meter expertise Brooks started designing and manufacturing variable area (VA) meters, also referred to as rotameters, in 1946. Now, with more
More informationIST-203 Online DCS Migration Tool. Product presentation
IST-203 Online DCS Migration Tool Product presentation DCS Migration Defining the problem Table of contents Online DCS Migration Tool (IST-203) Technical background Advantages How to save money and reduce
More informationReduce Turnaround Duration by Eliminating H 2 S from Flare Gas Utilizing VaporLock Scrubber Technology
Reduce Turnaround Duration by Eliminating H 2 S from Flare Gas Utilizing VaporLock Scrubber Technology Jim Woodard Vice President of Sales Bryant Woods Lead Project Engineer 4/3/18 Page 1 Objectives Impact
More informationVALIDATE LOPA ASSUMPTIONS WITH DATA FROM YOUR OWN PROCESS
Honeywell Advanced Materials new Low-Global-Warming Refrigerant Plant in Geismar, LA Tony Downes Sept 2018 VALIDATE LOPA ASSUMPTIONS WITH DATA FROM YOUR OWN PROCESS A little about the presenter 1 Led over
More informationL 100. Bubble-Tube Level System. Installation, Operation and Maintenance Instructions
L 100 Bubble-Tube Level System Installation, Operation and Maintenance Instructions Figure 1 Contents Section Description Page 1.0 Introduction 2 2.0 Specifications 3 3.0 Installation 3 4.0 Warranty 6
More informationACCURATE PRESSURE MEASUREMENT FOR STEAM TURBINE PERFORMANCE TESTING
ACCURATE PRESSURE MEASUREMENT FOR STEAM TURBINE PERFORMANCE TESTING Blair Chalpin Charles A. Matthews Mechanical Design Engineer Product Support Manager Scanivalve Corp Scanivalve Corp Liberty Lake, WA
More informationDeZURIK. KGC Cast Knife Gate Valve. Safety Manual
KGC Cast Knife Gate Valve Safety Manual Manual D11036 August 29, 2014 Table of Contents 1 Introduction... 3 1.1 Terms... 3 1.2 Abbreviations... 4 1.3 Product Support... 4 1.4 Related Literature... 4 1.5
More informationANNEX AMENDMENTS TO THE INTERNATIONAL CODE FOR FIRE SAFETY SYSTEMS (FSS CODE) CHAPTER 15 INERT GAS SYSTEMS
Annex 3, page 2 ANNEX AMENDMENTS TO THE INTERNATIONAL CODE FOR FIRE SAFETY SYSTEMS (FSS CODE) CHAPTER 15 INERT GAS SYSTEMS The text of existing chapter 15 is replaced by the following: "1 Application This
More informationSolenoid Valves used in Safety Instrumented Systems
I&M V9629R1 Solenoid Valves used in Safety Instrumented Systems Operating Manual in accordance with IEC 61508 ASCO Valves Page 1 of 7 Table of Contents 1 Introduction...3 1.1 Terms and Abbreviations...3
More informationDeZURIK. KSV Knife Gate Valve. Safety Manual
KSV Knife Gate Valve Safety Manual Manual D11035 August 29, 2014 Table of Contents 1 Introduction... 3 1.1 Terms... 3 1.2 Abbreviations... 4 1.3 Product Support... 4 1.4 Related Literature... 4 1.5 Reference
More informationUnit 24: Applications of Pneumatics and Hydraulics
Unit 24: Applications of Pneumatics and Hydraulics Unit code: J/601/1496 QCF level: 4 Credit value: 15 OUTCOME 2 TUTORIAL 9 ACCUMULATORS The material needed for outcome 2 is very extensive so there are
More informationGas Cabinets and Valve Manifold Boxes: Applying CGA G13- Rev 2015 to Gas Delivery Equipment
Gas Cabinets and Valve Manifold Boxes: Applying CGA G13- Rev 2015 to Gas Delivery Equipment The Standard Governing the Storage & Use of Silane: Compressed Gas Association s Publication CGA G-13 2015: Storage
More informationTraining Fees 3,400 US$ per participant for Public Training includes Materials/Handouts, tea/coffee breaks, refreshments & Buffet Lunch.
Training Title DISTRIBUTED CONTROL SYSTEMS (DCS) 5 days Training Venue and Dates DISTRIBUTED CONTROL SYSTEMS (DCS) Trainings will be conducted in any of the 5 star hotels. 5 22-26 Oct. 2017 $3400 Dubai,
More informationENSURING AN ACCURATE RESULT IN AN ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM PART 1: UNDERSTANDING AND MEASURING TIME DELAY
ENSURING AN ACCURATE RESULT IN AN ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM PART 1: UNDERSTANDING AND MEASURING TIME DELAY Process measurements are instantaneous, but analyzer responses never are. From the tap
More informationA review of best practices for Selection, Installation, Operation and Maintenance of Gas meters for Flare Applications used for Managing facility
A review of best practices for Selection, Installation, Operation and Maintenance of Gas meters for Flare Applications used for Managing facility mass balance and compliance 1. What, When and Why? 2. Flare
More informationSIL Allocation. - Deterministic vs. risk-based approach - Layer Of Protection Analysis (LOPA) overview
SIL Allocation - Deterministic vs. risk-based approach - Layer Of Protection Analysis (LOPA) overview Origin and causes of accidents involving control system failure 44% Specification 20% Changes after
More informationUnderstanding IPL Boundaries
Understanding IPL Boundaries A.M. (Art) Dowell, III Principal Engineer Process Improvement Institute, Inc. 16430 Locke Haven Dr. Houston, TX 77059 USA adowell@piii.com Copyright 2018, all rights reserved,
More informationControl System Nur Istianah-THP-FTP-UB-2014
Control System Control System Control is the process of causing a system variable to conform to some desired value. Manual control Automatic control (involving machines only). A control system is an interconnection
More informationExercise 5-2. Bubblers EXERCISE OBJECTIVE DISCUSSION OUTLINE. Bubblers DISCUSSION. Learn to measure the level in a vessel using a bubbler.
Exercise 5-2 Bubblers EXERCISE OBJECTIVE Learn to measure the level in a vessel using a bubbler. DISCUSSION OUTLINE The Discussion of this exercise covers the following points: Bubblers How to measure
More informationBERMAD Fire Protection Hydraulic Control Valves
BERMAD Fire Protection Hydraulic Control Valves Control Solutions with the Power to Protect BERMAD - The Company Since its foundation in 1965, BERMAD has focused its efforts on innovation, quality and
More informationGAS FUEL VALVE FORM AGV5 OM 8-03
ALTRONIC AGV5 OPERATING MANUAL GAS FUEL VALVE FORM AGV5 OM 8-03 WARNING: DEVIATION FROM THESE INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS MAY LEAD TO IMPROPER ENGINE OPERATION WHICH COULD CAUSE PERSONAL INJURY TO OPERATORS
More informationSINGLE VALVE WITH LOW-FLOW BYPASS
CONTROL VALVES Pressure Reducing Valve Sizing Guide Sizing pilot operated reducing valves is not a complicated process. It starts with determining requirements and following these guidelines in valve size
More informationInert Air (N2) Systems Manual
INSTRUCTION MANUAL Inert Air (N2) Systems Manual N2-MANUAL 2.10 READ AND UNDERSTAND THIS MANUAL PRIOR TO OPERATING OR SERVICING THIS PRODUCT. GENERAL INFORMATION Positive pressure nitrogen gas pressurizing
More informationInstrumentation (and
Instrumentation (and ) Fall 1393 Bonab University Principles and Basic Definitions A process = a set of interrelated tasks that, together, transform inputs into outputs These tasks may be carried out by:
More informationSafety in Petroleum Industry
Chemical ( Industrial ) Disaster Management Conference, Bangalore 30 January 2014 Safety in Petroleum Industry Refineries and Petrochemical plants are highly energyintensive Handle highly inflammable and
More informationYokogawa Systems and PCI Training
Yokogawa Systems and PCI Training 09 th December 2014 Nico Marneweck 082 883 2652 Kallie Bodenstein 083 226 2787 Marco Coccioni 072 409 5779-1 - Introduction Training customised for the South Africa Industrial
More informationFP15 Interface Valve. SIL Safety Manual. SIL SM.018 Rev 1. Compiled By : G. Elliott, Date: 30/10/2017. Innovative and Reliable Valve & Pump Solutions
SIL SM.018 Rev 1 FP15 Interface Valve Compiled By : G. Elliott, Date: 30/10/2017 FP15/L1 FP15/H1 Contents Terminology Definitions......3 Acronyms & Abbreviations...4 1. Introduction...5 1.1 Scope.. 5 1.2
More information2600T Series Pressure Transmitters Plugged Impulse Line Detection Diagnostic. Pressure Measurement Engineered solutions for all applications
Application Description AG/266PILD-EN Rev. C 2600T Series Pressure Transmitters Plugged Impulse Line Detection Diagnostic Pressure Measurement Engineered solutions for all applications Increase plant productivity
More informationTank Blanketing Pressure Regulators RHPS Series
www.swagelok.com Tank Blanketing Pressure Regulators RHPS Series Types: pressure reducing and vapor recovery 16L stainless steel construction 1/2, 1, and 2 in. end connections Working pressures up to 22
More informationChemical Feed Equipment Floor-Mounted Gas Dispenser - Series CH4200
Specification Bulletin (rev.01) Series CH4200 Chemical Feed Equipment Floor-Mounted Gas Dispenser - Series CH4200 Easy, fast& accurate digital with 11 points calibration Laser sensor offering actual feed
More informationPressure Control. where: p is the pressure F is the normal component of the force A is the area
Pressure Control First of all, what is pressure, the property we want to control? From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Pressure is the application of force to a surface, and the concentration of that
More informationSession One: A Practical Approach to Managing Safety Critical Equipment and Systems in Process Plants
Session One: A Practical Approach to Managing Safety Critical Equipment and Systems in Process Plants Tahir Rafique Lead Electrical and Instruments Engineer: Qenos Botany Site Douglas Lloyd Senior Electrical
More informationCoriolis Mass Flow Meter
Coriolis Mass Flow Meter TMFW Series Mini Type Coriolis Mass Flow Meter Xi an Tosilon Automation Co., Ltd No.299, Daqing Rd, Lianhu District, Xi'an Shaanxi, China Tel: +86-29-8823 8550 info@tosilon.com;
More informationHow to Combat Process Disturbances and Interactions
How to Combat Process Disturbances and Interactions Henri A. (Hank) Brittain, Ph.D., Jean-François Dubé, P.Eng. BBA - Top Control Inc. KEYWORDS Decoupling, First-Order Plus DeadTime (FOPDT) Feedforward,
More informationCHE Well Testing Package/Service:
CHE Well Testing Package/Service: CHE delivers well testing package And services, trailer mounted well testing package and offshore/onshore well testing services with over 10 years experience. Our testing
More informationCode Basic module and level control complete with optionals code
AUTOMATION AND PROCESS CONTROL MPCT - Modular Process Control Trainer Code 916960 Basic module and level control complete with optionals code 916961-916962-916963-916964-916965 1. General Didacta proposes
More informationLevel, Pressure, and Density Instrumentation for the Petrochemical Industry
Level, Pressure, and Density Instrumentation for the Petrochemical Industry Application Examples and Products Measurement technology for the petrochemical industry This brochure presents examples of applied
More informationT e l N o : F a x N o : E m a i l : a i s h c m c - m e. c o m w w w. c m c - m e.
MU047: Practical Valve Technology: Selection, Installation, Upgrading, Inspection & Troubleshooting MU047 Rev.002 CMCT COURSE OUTLINE Page 1 of 7 Training Description: This five-day intensive course covers
More informationPSM TRAINING COURSES. Courses can be conducted in multi-languages
Courses can be conducted in multi-languages One set of hardcopy course notes will be sent to client for printing and distribution to course participants. The courses will be held at the client s training
More informationOIL SUPPLY SYSTEMS ABOVE 45kW OUTPUT 4.1 Oil Supply
OIL SUPPLY SYSTEMS ABOVE 45kW OUTPUT 4.1 Oil Supply 4.1.1 General The primary function of a system for handling fuel oil is to transfer oil from the storage tank to the oil burner at specified conditions
More informationValve Communication Solutions. Safety instrumented systems
Safety instrumented systems Safety Instrumented System (SIS) is implemented as part of a risk reduction strategy. The primary focus is to prevent catastrophic accidents resulting from abnormal operation.
More informationPREDICTING HEALTH OF FINAL CONTROL ELEMENT OF SAFETY INSTRUMENTED SYSTEM BY DIGITAL VALVE CONTROLLER
PREDICTING HEALTH OF FINAL CONTROL ELEMENT OF SAFETY INSTRUMENTED SYSTEM BY DIGITAL VALVE CONTROLLER Riyaz Ali FIELDVUE Business Development Manager Fisher Controls Int'l., LLC. Marshalltown, IA 50158
More informationPeriodic Survey of Fuel Installations on Ships other than Liquefied Gas Carriers utilizing gas or other low flash point fuels
(Jan 2017) Periodic Survey of Fuel Installations on Ships other than Liquefied Gas Carriers utilizing gas or other low flash point fuels CONTENTS 1. Application 2. Special Survey 2.1 Schedule 2.2 Scope
More informationSAFETY SEMINAR Rio de Janeiro, Brazil - August 3-7, Authors: Francisco Carlos da Costa Barros Edson Romano Marins
SAFETY SEINAR Rio de Janeiro, Brazil - August 3-7, 2009 Using HAZOP and LOPA ethodologies to Improve Safety in the Coke Drums Cycles Authors: Gilsa Pacheco onteiro Francisco Carlos da Costa Barros Edson
More informationProcess Dynamics, Operations, and Control Lecture Notes - 20
Lesson 0. Control valves 0.0 Context Controller output is a signal that varies between 0 and 100%. Putting this signal to use requires a final control element, a device that responds to the controller
More informationDeZURIK Double Block & Bleed (DBB) Knife Gate Valve Safety Manual
Double Block & Bleed (DBB) Knife Gate Valve Safety Manual Manual D11044 September, 2015 Table of Contents 1 Introduction... 3 1.1 Terms... 3 1.2 Abbreviations... 4 1.3 Product Support... 4 1.4 Related
More informationNORMAL OPERATING PROCEDURES Operating Parameter Information
Operating Parameter Information Each operator performing the normal operating procedures (routine checks) of the facility should be familiar with the current normal operating parameters of all systems
More informationWATER MADE EASY MARINE ENERGY MUNICIPAL INDUSTRIAL
Capital Controls Series 71V3000 The Series 71V3000 electrically-heated vaporizer automatically vaporizes and superheats liquid chlorine, sulfur dioxide or ammonia at a rate controlled by the gas feed system.
More informationThis portion of the piping tutorial covers control valve sizing, control valves, and the use of nodes.
Piping Tutorial A piping network represents the flow of fluids through several pieces of equipment. If sufficient variables (flow rate and pressure) are specified on the piping network, CHEMCAD calculates
More informationGeneral Duty Clause. Section 112(r)(1) of CAA. Chris Rascher, EPA Region 1
General Duty Clause Section 112(r)(1) of CAA Chris Rascher, EPA Region 1 Background on the General Duty Clause General Duty Clause 112(r)(1) of CAA Prevention of Accidental Releases Purpose and General
More information