To play movie you must be in Slide Show Mode CLICK HERE EXERCISE! EXERCISE! To play movie you must be in Slide Show Mode CLICK HERE

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "To play movie you must be in Slide Show Mode CLICK HERE EXERCISE! EXERCISE! To play movie you must be in Slide Show Mode CLICK HERE"

Transcription

1 Boyle s Law Boyle s law Pressure and volume are inversely related (constant T, temperature, and n, # of moles of gas). PV k (kis a constant for a given sample of air at a specific temperature) P V P V Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 1 Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 2 A sample of helium gas occupies 12.4 L at 23 C and atm. What volumewill it occupy at 1.20 atm assuming that the temperature stays constant? 9.88 L Charles s Law Volume and Temperature (in Kelvin) are directly related (constant P and n). VbT (b is a proportionality constant) K C K is called absolute zero. V1 V2 T T 1 2 Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 3 Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 4 Charles s Law Suppose a balloon containing 1.30 L of air at 24.7 C is placed into a beaker containing liquid nitrogen at 78.5 C. What will the volumeof the sample of air become (at constant pressure)? L Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 5 Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 6 1

2 Avogadro s Law Volume and number of moles are directly related (constant T and P). V an (ais a proportionality constant) If 2.45 mol of argon gas occupies a volume of 89.0 L, what volumewill 2.10 mol of argon occupy under the same conditions of temperature and pressure? n V n V L Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 7 Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 8 Section 5.3 The Ideal Gas Law Ideal Gas Law We can bring all of these laws together into one comprehensive law: V bt(constant Pand n) V an (constant Tand P) V k (constant Tand n) P PV nrt (where R L atm/mol K, the universal gas constant) Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 9 Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 10 Section 5.3 The Ideal Gas Law An automobile tire at 23 C with an internal volume of 25.0 L is filled with air to a total pressure of 3.18 atm. Determine the number of molesof air in the tire. Section 5.3 The Ideal Gas Law What is the pressurein a L tank that contains kg of helium at 25 C? 114 atm 3.27 mol Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 11 Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 12 2

3 Section 5.3 The Ideal Gas Law At what temperature(in C) does 121 ml of CO 2 at 27 C and 1.05 atm occupy a volume of 293 ml at a pressure of 1.40 atm? 696 C Section 5.4 Gas Stoichiometry Molar Volume of an Ideal Gas For 1 mole of an ideal gas at 0 C and 1 atm, the volume of the gas is L. nrt ( mol)( L atm/k mol)( K) V L P atm STP standard temperature and pressure 0 C and 1 atm Therefore, the molar volume is L at STP. Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 13 Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 14 Section 5.4 Gas Stoichiometry A sample of oxygen gas has a volume of 2.50 L at STP. How many gramsof O 2 are present? 3.57 g Section 5.4 Gas Stoichiometry Molar Mass of a Gas Molar mass drt P g L atm ( K ) L mol K g ( atm) mol d density of gas T temperature in Kelvin P pressure of gas R universal gas constant Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 15 Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 16 Section 5.4 Gas Stoichiometry Section 5.5 Dalton s Law of Partial Pressures What is the density of F 2 at STP (in g/l)? 1.70 g/l For a mixture of gases in a container, P Total P 1 + P 2 + P The total pressure exerted is the sum of the pressures that each gas would exert if it were alone. Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 17 Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 18 3

4 Section 5.5 Dalton s Law of Partial Pressures Section 5.5 Dalton s Law of Partial Pressures Consider the following apparatus containing helium in both sides at 45 C. Initially the valve is closed. After the valve is opened, what is the pressure of the helium gas? 2.00 atm 9.00 L 3.00 atm 3.00 L Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 19 Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 20 Section 5.5 Dalton s Law of Partial Pressures WARM-UP 27.4 L of oxygen gas at 25.0 C and 1.30 atm, and 8.50 L of helium gas at 25.0 C and 2.00 atm were pumped into a tank with a volume of 5.81 L at 25 C. 1.) Calculate the new partial pressure of oxygen atm 2.) Calculate the new partial pressure of helium atm 3.) Calculate the new total pressure of both gases atm Partial Pressure-Mole Fraction When describing a mixture of gases, it is useful to know the relative amount of each type of gas. Mole fraction (X): a dimensionless number that expresses the ratio of the number of moles of one component compared to the total number of moles in a mixture. Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 21 Mole Fraction If a gas mixture contains 5.0 mol O 2 (g), 3.0 mol H 2 O (g), and 12.0 mol N 2 (g), Partial Pressure The partial pressure of a gas in a mixture can be found using its mole fraction: X O n O2 n t 5.0 mol 20.0 mol 0.25 P A X A P total On the exam, you must be able to calculate the mole fraction of each component of a gas mixture. where P A partial pressure of gas A X A mole fraction of gas A P total total pressure of mixture 4

5 Partial Pressure Calculation A mixture of gases contains 0.51 mol N 2, 0.28 mol H 2, and 0.52 mol NH 3. If the total pressure of the mixture is 2.35 atm, what is the partial pressure of H 2? P H2 X H2 P total 0.28 mol X H mol mol mol 0.21 Section 5.7 Effusion and Diffusion Diffusion the mixing of gases. Effusion describes the passage of a gas through a tiny orifice into an evacuated chamber. Rate of effusion measures the speed at which the gas is transferred into the chamber. P H x atm Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 26 Section 5.7 Effusion and Diffusion Effusion Section 5.7 Effusion and Diffusion Diffusion Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 27 Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 28 Section 5.7 Effusion and Diffusion Section 5.7 Effusion and Diffusion Graham s Law of Effusion Rate of effusion for gas1 Rate of effusion for gas 2 M M 2 1 M 1 and M 2 represent the molar masses of the gases. Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 29 Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 30 5

6 Postulates of the Kinetic Molecular Theory So far we have considered what happens, but not why. In science, what always comes before why. 1) The particles are so small compared with the distances between them that the volume of the individual particlescan be assumed to be negligible (zero). Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 31 Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 32 Postulates of the Kinetic Molecular Theory 2) The particles are in constant motion. The collisions of the particles with the walls of the container are the cause of the pressure exerted by the gas. Postulates of the Kinetic Molecular Theory 3) The particles are assumed to exert no forces on each other; they are assumed neither to attract nor to repel each other. Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 33 Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 34 Postulates of the Kinetic Molecular Theory Kinetic Molecular Theory 4) The average kinetic energy of a collection of gas particles is assumed to be directly proportional to the Kelvin temperature of the gas. Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 35 Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 36 6

7 Root Mean Square Velocity u rms R J/K mol (J joule kg m 2 /s 2 ) T temperature of gas (in K) M mass of a mole of gas in kg Final units are in m/s. 3RT M So if two gases of same M are at the same temp, how do their velocities compare? You are holding two balloons of the same volume. One contains helium, and one contains hydrogen. Complete each of the following statements with different or the same and be prepared to justify your answer. He H 2 Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 37 Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 38 The pressuresof the gas in the two balloons are. He The temperaturesof the gas in the two balloons are. He H 2 H 2 Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 39 Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 40 The numbers of molesof the gas in the two balloons are. He The densitiesof the gas in the two balloons are. He H 2 H 2 Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 41 Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 42 7

8 Molecular View of Boyle s Law Sketch a graph of: I. Pressure versus volume at constant temperature and moles. Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 43 Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 44 Sketch a graph of: II. Volume vs. temperature ( C) at constant pressure and moles. Sketch a graph of: III. Volume vs. temperature (K) at constant pressure and moles. Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 45 Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 46 Molecular View of Charles s Law Sketch a graph of: IV. Volume vs. moles at constant temperature and pressure. Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 47 Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 48 8

9 Molecular View of the Ideal Gas Law V Ne 2V Ar Ne Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 49 Which of the following best represents the mass ratioof Ne:Ar in the balloons? 1:1 1:2 2:1 1:3 3:1 Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 50 Ar You have a sample of nitrogen gas (N 2 ) in a container fitted with a piston that maintains a pressure of 6.00 atm. Initially, the gas is at 45 C in a volume of 6.00 L. You then cool the gas sample. Which bestexplains the final result that occurs once the gas sample has cooled? a) The pressure of the gas increases. b) The volume of the gas increases. c) The pressure of the gas decreases. d) The volume of the gas decreases. e) Both volume and pressure change. Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 51 Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 52 The gas sample is then cooled to a temperature of 15 C. Solve for the newcondition. (Hint: A moveable piston keeps the pressure constant overall, so what condition will change?) 5.43 L Section 5.8 Real Gases An ideal gas is a hypothetical concept. No gas exactly follows the ideal gas law. We must correct for non-ideal gas behavior when: Pressure of the gas is high. Temperature of the gas is low. Because nderthese conditions: Concentration of gas particles is high. Attractive forces become important. Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 53 Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 54 9

10 Section 5.8 Real Gases Plots of PV/nRTVersus Pfor Several Gases (200 K) Section 5.8 Real Gases Plots of PV/nRTVersus Pfor Nitrogen Gas at Three Temperatures Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 55 Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 56 Section 5.8 Real Gases Section 5.9 Characteristics of Several Real Gases Real Gases (van der Waals Equation) [ P + a ( n / V) ] ( V nb) nrt obs corrected pressure corrected volume 2 For a real gas, the actual observed pressure is lower than the pressure expected for an ideal gas due to the intermolecular attractions that occur in real gases. P ideal V ideal Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 57 Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 58 Section 5.9 Characteristics of Several Real Gases Values of the van der Waals Constants for Some Gases The value of areflects how much of a correction must be made to adjust the observed pressure up to the expected ideal pressure. A low value for areflects weak intermolecular forces among the gas molecules. Can you make out what the high and low values for bis a reflection of? Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 59 10

Chapter 5: Gases 5.1 Pressure Why study gases? An understanding of real world phenomena. An understanding of how science works.

Chapter 5: Gases 5.1 Pressure Why study gases? An understanding of real world phenomena. An understanding of how science works. Chapter 5: Gases 5.1 Pressure Why study gases? An understanding of real world phenomena. An understanding of how science works. A Gas Uniformly fills any container. Easily compressed. Mixes completely

More information

Section 5.1 Pressure. Why study gases? An understanding of real world phenomena. An understanding of how science works.

Section 5.1 Pressure. Why study gases? An understanding of real world phenomena. An understanding of how science works. Chapter 5 Gases Section 5.1 Pressure Why study gases? An understanding of real world phenomena. An understanding of how science works. Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 2 Section 5.1 Pressure

More information

Chapter 13. Gases. Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 1

Chapter 13. Gases. Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 1 Chapter 13 Gases Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 1 Section 13.1 Pressure Why study gases? An understanding of real world phenomena. An understanding of how science works. Copyright Cengage

More information

GASES. Unit #8. AP Chemistry

GASES. Unit #8. AP Chemistry GASES Unit #8 AP Chemistry I. Characteristics of Gases A. Gas Characteristics: 1. Fills its container a. no definite shape b. no definite vol. 2. Easily mixes w/ other gases 3. Exerts pressure on its surroundings

More information

Elements that exist as gases at 25 o C and 1 atmosphere H 2, N 2, O 2, F 2, Cl 2, He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn

Elements that exist as gases at 25 o C and 1 atmosphere H 2, N 2, O 2, F 2, Cl 2, He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn AP Chemistry Chapter 5 Sections 5. 5.9 Note Organizer Pressure, The Gas Laws of Boyle, Charles, and Avogadro, The Ideal Gas Law, Gas Stoichiometry, Dalton s Law of Partial Pressure, The Kinetic olecular

More information

You should be able to: Describe Equipment Barometer Manometer. 5.1 Pressure Read and outline 5.1 Define Barometer

You should be able to: Describe Equipment Barometer Manometer. 5.1 Pressure Read and outline 5.1 Define Barometer A P CHEMISTRY - Unit 5: Gases Unit 5: Gases Gases are distinguished from other forms of matter, not only by their power of indefinite expansion so as to fill any vessel, however large, and by the great

More information

Kinetic Molecular Theory Gases. Behavior of gases. Postulate two. Postulate one. Postulate three. Postulate four

Kinetic Molecular Theory Gases. Behavior of gases. Postulate two. Postulate one. Postulate three. Postulate four Kinetic Molecular Theory Gases Gas particles are so small that their individual volume can be considered to be negligible Gas particles are in constant motion and the collisions of the particles with the

More information

Chapter 10: Gases. Characteristics of Gases

Chapter 10: Gases. Characteristics of Gases Chapter 10: Gases Learning Outcomes: Calculate pressure and convert between pressure units with an emphasis on torr and atmospheres. Calculate P, V, n, or T using the ideal-gas equation. Explain how the

More information

Chapter 9 Gases: Their Properties and Behavior

Chapter 9 Gases: Their Properties and Behavior Chapter 9 Gases: Their Properties and Behavior 國防醫學院生化學科王明芳老師 2011-11-15 & 2011-11-22 Chapter 9/1 Gases and Gas Pressure Gas mixtures are homogeneous and compressible. Air-the mixture of gases. Molecular

More information

Lecture Presentation. Chapter 10. Gases. John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College Cottleville, MO Pearson Education, Inc.

Lecture Presentation. Chapter 10. Gases. John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College Cottleville, MO Pearson Education, Inc. Lecture Presentation Chapter 10 John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College Cottleville, MO Characteristics of Unlike liquids and solids, gases Expand to fill their containers. Are highly compressible.

More information

Chemistry 101 Chapter 5 GAS MIXTURES

Chemistry 101 Chapter 5 GAS MIXTURES GAS MIXTURES Consider mixing equal volumes of 3 different gases, all at the same temperature and pressure in a container of the same size. 1 L He 1 L N 2 1 L O 2 1 L mixture t = 0 0 C t = 0 0 C t = 0 0

More information

Chapter 13 Gases and Pressure. Pressure and Force. Pressure is the force per unit area on a surface. Force Area. Pressure =

Chapter 13 Gases and Pressure. Pressure and Force. Pressure is the force per unit area on a surface. Force Area. Pressure = Chapter 13 Gas Laws Chapter 13 Gases and Pressure Pressure and Force Pressure is the force per unit area on a surface. Pressure = Force Area Chapter 13 Gases and Pressure Gases in the Atmosphere The atmosphere

More information

NOTES: Behavior of Gases

NOTES: Behavior of Gases NOTES: Behavior of Gases Properties of Gases Gases have weight Gases take up space Gases exert pressure Gases fill their containers Gases are mostly empty space The molecules in a gas are separate, very

More information

Gas Pressure. Pressure is the force exerted per unit area by gas molecules as they strike the surfaces around them.

Gas Pressure. Pressure is the force exerted per unit area by gas molecules as they strike the surfaces around them. Chapter 5 Gases Gas Gases are composed of particles that are moving around very fast in their container(s). These particles moves in straight lines until they collides with either the container wall or

More information

Gas Law Worksheets - WS: Boyle s and Charles Law

Gas Law Worksheets - WS: Boyle s and Charles Law Gas Law Worksheets - WS: Boyle s and Charles Law Boyle s Law states that the volume of a gas varies inversely with its pressure if temperature is held constant. (If one goes up the, other goes down.) We

More information

Chapter 5. Nov 6 1:02 PM

Chapter 5. Nov 6 1:02 PM Chapter 5 Nov 6 1:02 PM Expand to fill their containers Fluid motion (they flow) Have low densities (1/1000 the density of equivalent liquids or solids) Compressible Can Effuse and Diffuse Effuse: The

More information

AP TOPIC 6: Gases. Revised August General properties and kinetic theory

AP TOPIC 6: Gases. Revised August General properties and kinetic theory AP OPIC 6: Gases General properties and kinetic theory Gases are made up of particles that have (relatively) large amounts of energy. A gas has no definite shape or volume and will expand to fill as much

More information

Worksheet 12 - Partial Pressures and the Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases

Worksheet 12 - Partial Pressures and the Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases Worksheet 12 - Partial Pressures and the Kinetic olecular Theory of Gases Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures states that the sums of the pressures of each gas in the mixture add to give the total pressure

More information

temperature and pressure unchanging

temperature and pressure unchanging Gas Laws Review I. Variables Used to Describe a Gas A. Pressure (P) kpa, atm, mmhg (torr) -Pressure=force exerted per unit area (force/area) -Generated by collisions within container walls (more collisions=more

More information

Expand to fill their containers, are highly compressible, have extremely low densities.

Expand to fill their containers, are highly compressible, have extremely low densities. Chem150 week6 Handout 1 Gases Characteristics of Gases: Unlike liquids and solids, they Expand to fill their containers, are highly compressible, have extremely low densities. Pressure is the amount of

More information

Chapter 12. The Gaseous State of Matter

Chapter 12. The Gaseous State of Matter Chapter 12 The Gaseous State of Matter The air in a hot air balloon expands When it is heated. Some of the air escapes from the top of the balloon, lowering the air density inside the balloon, making the

More information

Chapter 11. Recall: States of Matter. Properties of Gases. Gases

Chapter 11. Recall: States of Matter. Properties of Gases. Gases Chapter 11 Gases Recall: States of Matter Solids and Liquids: are closely related because in each case the particles are interacting with each other Gases: Properties of Gases Gases can be compressed Gases

More information

Chapter 5 Gases. AP CHEMISTRY Chapter 5 Scotch Plains-Fanwood High School Page 1

Chapter 5 Gases. AP CHEMISTRY Chapter 5 Scotch Plains-Fanwood High School Page 1 Chapter 5 Gases Kinetic Theory All matter is composed of tiny particles that are in continuous, random motion. Gas Pressure = Force Demo: Test tube/h2o beaker Area Demo: Can AP CHEMISTRY Chapter 5 Scotch

More information

Simple Gas Laws. To facilitate comparison of gases, the following standards are used: STP: O C (273 K) and kpa. SATP: 25 C (298 K) and 101.

Simple Gas Laws. To facilitate comparison of gases, the following standards are used: STP: O C (273 K) and kpa. SATP: 25 C (298 K) and 101. Simple Gas Laws To facilitate comparison of gases, the following standards are used: STP: O C (273 K) and 101.3 kpa If assuming 1 mol, V = 22.4L SATP: 25 C (298 K) and 101.3 kpa If assuming 1 mol, V =

More information

Gilbert Kirss Foster. Chapter 10. Properties of Gases The Air We Breathe

Gilbert Kirss Foster. Chapter 10. Properties of Gases The Air We Breathe Gilbert Kirss Foster Chapter 10 Properties of Gases The Air We Breathe Chapter Outline 10.1 The Properties of Gases 10.2 Effusion and the Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases 10.3 Atmospheric Pressure 10.4

More information

Chemistry A Molecular Approach. Fourth Edition. Chapter 5. Gases. Copyright 2017, 2014, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Chemistry A Molecular Approach. Fourth Edition. Chapter 5. Gases. Copyright 2017, 2014, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Chemistry A Molecular Approach Fourth Edition Chapter 5 Gases Supersonic Skydiving and the Risk of Decompression Gas Gases are composed of particles that are moving around very fast in their container(s).

More information

Chapter 5. Pressure. Atmospheric Pressure. Gases. Force Pressure = Area

Chapter 5. Pressure. Atmospheric Pressure. Gases. Force Pressure = Area Chapter 5 Gases Water for many homes is supplied by a well The pump removes air from the pipe, decreasing the air pressure in the pipe The pressure then pushes the water up the pipe Pressure Atmospheric

More information

Chapter 10 Gases. Characteristics of Gases. Pressure. The Gas Laws. The Ideal-Gas Equation. Applications of the Ideal-Gas Equation

Chapter 10 Gases. Characteristics of Gases. Pressure. The Gas Laws. The Ideal-Gas Equation. Applications of the Ideal-Gas Equation Characteristics of Gases Chapter 10 Gases Pressure The Gas Laws The Ideal-Gas Equation Applications of the Ideal-Gas Equation Gas mixtures and partial pressures Kinetic-Molecular Theory Real Gases: Deviations

More information

Chapter 14-Gases. Dr. Walker

Chapter 14-Gases. Dr. Walker Chapter 14-Gases Dr. Walker State of Matter Gases are one of the four states of matter along with solids, liquids, and plasma Conversion to Gases From liquids Evaporation Example: Boiling water From solids

More information

4.) There are no forces of attraction or repulsion between gas particles. This means that

4.) There are no forces of attraction or repulsion between gas particles. This means that KINETIC MOLECULAR (K-M) THEORY OF MATTER NOTES - based on the idea that particles of matter are always in motion - assumptions of the K-M Theory 1.) Gases consist of large numbers of tiny particles that

More information

CHEMISTRY - CLUTCH CH.5 - GASES.

CHEMISTRY - CLUTCH CH.5 - GASES. !! www.clutchprep.com CONCEPT: UNITS OF PRESSURE Pressure is defined as the force exerted per unit of surface area. Pressure = Force Area The SI unit for Pressure is the, which has the units of. The SI

More information

Honors Chemistry Unit 7 Gas Laws Notes

Honors Chemistry Unit 7 Gas Laws Notes Honors Chemistry Unit 7 Gas Laws Notes Kinetic Molecular Theory 1. List the five assumptions: Assumption Description Extra Info 1 Basically means: the particles themselves have compared to the space between

More information

2. Calculate the ratio of diffusion rates for carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2). υa = MB = 44 = 1.25

2. Calculate the ratio of diffusion rates for carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2). υa = MB = 44 = 1.25 Gas laws worksheet (2-08) (modified 3/17) Answer key Graham s Law 1. Calculate the ratio of effusion rates for nitrogen (N2) and neon (Ne). υa = MB = 20 = 0.845 υb MA 28 2. Calculate the ratio of diffusion

More information

Kinetic Molecular Theory imaginary Assumptions of Kinetic Molecular Theory: Problems with KMT:

Kinetic Molecular Theory imaginary Assumptions of Kinetic Molecular Theory: Problems with KMT: AP Chemistry Ms. Ye Name Date Block Kinetic Molecular Theory Explains properties of gases, liquids, and solids in terms of energy using an ideal gas, an imaginary which fits all the assumptions of kinetic

More information

AP* Chemistry GASES mm Hg = torr =1.00 atm = kpa 10 5 Pa

AP* Chemistry GASES mm Hg = torr =1.00 atm = kpa 10 5 Pa THE PROPERTIES OF GASES Only 4 quantities are needed to define the state of a gas: a) the quantity of the gas, n (in moles) b) the temperature of the gas, T (in KELVINS) c) the volume of the gas, V (in

More information

Name /74. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Name /74. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Ch 11 Gases STUDY GUIDE Accelerated Chemistry SCANTRON Name /74 MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Which of the following statements

More information

CP Chapter 13/14 Notes The Property of Gases Kinetic Molecular Theory

CP Chapter 13/14 Notes The Property of Gases Kinetic Molecular Theory CP Chapter 13/14 Notes The Property of Gases Kinetic Molecular Theory Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases The word kinetic refers to. Kinetic energy is the an object has because of its motion. Kinetic Molecular

More information

Topic 6: Gases and Colligative Properties

Topic 6: Gases and Colligative Properties Topic 6: Gases and Colligative Properties Ideal Gas Equation Boyle noticed an inverse relationship between volume and pressure. Pressure x volume = constant P = a P 1/P Charles found the volume of a gas,

More information

Chem 110 General Principles of Chemistry

Chem 110 General Principles of Chemistry CHEM110 Worksheet - Gases Chem 110 General Principles of Chemistry Chapter 9 Gases (pages 337-373) In this chapter we - first contrast gases with liquids and solids and then discuss gas pressure. - review

More information

THE GAS STATE. Unit 4. CHAPTER KEY TERMS HOME WORK 9.1 Kinetic Molecular Theory States of Matter Solid, Liquid, gas.

THE GAS STATE. Unit 4. CHAPTER KEY TERMS HOME WORK 9.1 Kinetic Molecular Theory States of Matter Solid, Liquid, gas. Unit 4 THE GAS STATE CHAPTER KEY TERMS HOME WORK 9. Kinetic Molecular Theory States of Matter Solid, Liquid, gas Page 4 # to 4 9. Boyles Law P α /V PV = Constant P V = P V Pressure Atmospheric Pressure

More information

Gases. Name: Class: Date: Matching

Gases. Name: Class: Date: Matching Name: Class: Date: Gases Matching Match each item with the correct statement below. a. Boyle's law d. Graham's law b. Charles's law e. Gay-Lussac's law c. Dalton's law f. ideal gas law 1. For a given mass

More information

Pressure of the atmosphere varies with elevation and weather conditions. Barometer- device used to measure atmospheric pressure.

Pressure of the atmosphere varies with elevation and weather conditions. Barometer- device used to measure atmospheric pressure. Chapter 12 Section 1 Pressure A gas exerts pressure on its surroundings. Blow up a balloon. The gas we are most familiar with is the atmosphere, a mixture of mostly elemental nitrogen and oxygen. Pressure

More information

Unit 8: Gases and States of Matter

Unit 8: Gases and States of Matter Unit 8: Gases and States of Matter Gases Particles that have no definite shape or volume. They adapt to the shape and volume of their container. Ideal gases are imaginary gases that comply with all the

More information

Worksheet 1.7: Gas Laws. Charles Law. Guy-Lassac's Law. Standard Conditions. Abbreviations. Conversions. Gas Law s Equation Symbols

Worksheet 1.7: Gas Laws. Charles Law. Guy-Lassac's Law. Standard Conditions. Abbreviations. Conversions. Gas Law s Equation Symbols Name Block Worksheet 1.7: Gas Laws Boyle s Law Charles Law Guy-Lassac's Law Combined Gas Law For a given mass of gas at constant temperature, the volume of a gas varies inversely with pressure PV = k The

More information

Gases. Chapter 5: Gas Laws Demonstration. September 10, Chapter 5 Gasses.notebook. Dec 18 10:23 AM. Jan 1 4:11 PM. Crushing 55 gallon drum

Gases. Chapter 5: Gas Laws Demonstration. September 10, Chapter 5 Gasses.notebook. Dec 18 10:23 AM. Jan 1 4:11 PM. Crushing 55 gallon drum Chapter 5: Gases Dec 18 10:23 AM Gas Laws Demonstration Crushing 55 gallon drum Egg in a bottle Student in a bag Boiling Water Charles gas Law Water in a flask Ballon in a bottle Jan 1 4:11 PM 1 5.1 Pressure

More information

CP Chapter 13/14 Notes The Property of Gases Kinetic Molecular Theory

CP Chapter 13/14 Notes The Property of Gases Kinetic Molecular Theory CP Chapter 13/14 Notes The Property of Gases Kinetic Molecular Theory Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases The word kinetic refers to. Kinetic energy is the an object has because of its motion. Kinetic Molecular

More information

Name Chemistry Pre-AP

Name Chemistry Pre-AP Name Chemistry Pre-AP Notes: Gas Laws and Gas Stoichiometry Period Part 1: The Nature of Gases and The Gas Laws I. Nature of Gases A. Kinetic-Molecular Theory The - theory was developed to account for

More information

To convert to millimeters of mercury, we derive a unit factor related to the equivalent relationship 29.9 in. Hg = 760 mm Hg.

To convert to millimeters of mercury, we derive a unit factor related to the equivalent relationship 29.9 in. Hg = 760 mm Hg. Example Exercise 11.1 Gas Pressure Conversion Meteorologists state that a falling barometer indicates an approaching storm. Given a barometric pressure of 27.5 in. Hg, express the pressure in each of the

More information

PSI Chemistry: Gases Multiple Choice Review

PSI Chemistry: Gases Multiple Choice Review PSI Chemistry: Gases Multiple Choice Review Name Kinetic Molecular Theory 1. According to the kinetic-molecular theory, particles of matterare in constant motion (A) have different shapes (B) have different

More information

Behavior of Gases. Gases are mostly The molecules in a gas are separate, very small and very

Behavior of Gases. Gases are mostly The molecules in a gas are separate, very small and very Properties of Gases Gases have Gases Gases exert Gases fill their containers Behavior of Gases Gases are mostly The molecules in a gas are separate, very small and very Kinetic Theory of Matter: Gas molecules

More information

States of Matter Review

States of Matter Review States of Matter Review May 13 8:16 PM Physical States of Matter (Phases) Solid Liquid Melting Gas Condensation Freezing Evaporation Deposition Sublimation Sep 13 6:04 PM 1 May 13 8:11 PM Gases Chapter

More information

CHAPTER 14. The Behavior of Gases Properties of Gases. Factors Affecting Gas Pressure

CHAPTER 14. The Behavior of Gases Properties of Gases. Factors Affecting Gas Pressure CHAPTER 14 The Behavior of Gases 14.1 Properties of Gases Compressibility:the volume of matter decreasing under pressure. Gases are easily compressed due to the large amount of space between gas particles.

More information

Gases. Edward Wen, PhD

Gases. Edward Wen, PhD Gases Edward Wen, PhD Properties of Gases expand to completely fill their container take the shape of their container low density much less than solid or liquid state compressible when pressure is changed.

More information

Chapter 6 10/14/13. Gas Law. Volume change with temperature and pressure.

Chapter 6 10/14/13. Gas Law. Volume change with temperature and pressure. Chapter 6 10/14/13 Gas Law 1. Properties of a Gas a. Neither definite shape nor volume i. Uniformly fills any container i Exerts pressure on surroundings Volume change with temperature and pressure. b.

More information

Kinetic-Molecular Theory

Kinetic-Molecular Theory GASES Chapter Eleven Kinetic-Molecular Theory! Recall that our only previous description of gases stated that gases completely fill and take the shape of their containers.! The Kinetic-Molecular Theory

More information

General Properties of Gases

General Properties of Gases GASES Chapter 13 Importance of Gases Airbags fill with N 2 gas in an accident. Gas is generated by the decomposition of sodium azide,, NaN 3. 2 NaN 3 ---> > 2 Na + 3 N 2 THREE STATES OF MATTER General

More information

Chapter 13: The Behavior of Gases

Chapter 13: The Behavior of Gases Chapter 13: The Behavior of Gases I. First Concepts a. The 3 states of matter most important to us: solids, liquids, and gases. b. Real Gases and Ideal Gases i. Real gases exist, ideal gases do not ii.

More information

Unit 9 Packet: Gas Laws Introduction to Gas Laws Notes:

Unit 9 Packet: Gas Laws Introduction to Gas Laws Notes: Name: Unit 9 Packet: Gas Laws Introduction to Gas Laws Notes: Block: In chemistry, the relationships between gas physical properties are described as gas laws. Some of these properties are pressure, volume,

More information

Kinetic-Molecular Theory of Matter

Kinetic-Molecular Theory of Matter Gases Properties of Gases Gas Pressure Gases What gases are important for each of the following: O 2, CO 2 and/or He? A. B. C. D. 1 2 Gases What gases are important for each of the following: O 2, CO 2

More information

Behavior of Gases Chapter 12 Assignment & Problem Set

Behavior of Gases Chapter 12 Assignment & Problem Set Behavior of Gases Name Warm-Ups (Show your work for credit) Date 1. Date 2. Date 3. Date 4. Date 5. Date 6. Date 7. Date 8. Behavior of Gases 2 Study Guide: Things You Must Know Vocabulary (know the definition

More information

World of Chemistry Notes for Students [Chapter 13, page 1] Chapter 13 Gases

World of Chemistry Notes for Students [Chapter 13, page 1] Chapter 13 Gases World of Chemistry Notes for Students [Chapter 3, page ] Chapter 3 Gases ) Sec 3.8 Kinetic Theory of Gases and the Nature of Gases The Kinetic Theory of Matter says that the tiny particles in all forms

More information

Name Unit 9 Notes: Gas Laws Period. Complete throughout unit. Due on test day!

Name Unit 9 Notes: Gas Laws Period. Complete throughout unit. Due on test day! Name Unit 9 Notes: Gas Laws Period Skills: 1. Gases and Entropy 2. Distinguish between Ideal and Real gases 3. Understand KMT and Avogadro s Law 4. Identify and Solve Boyle s Law Problems 5. Identify and

More information

Unit 9: Gas Laws REGENTS CHEMISTRY

Unit 9: Gas Laws REGENTS CHEMISTRY Name: Unit 9: Gas Laws REGENTS CHEMISTRY 1 Name: Unit 9: Gas Laws The concept of an ideal gas is a model to explain the behavior of gases. A real gas is most like an ideal gas when the real gas is at low

More information

Lecture Handout 5: Gases (Online Text Chapter 6)

Lecture Handout 5: Gases (Online Text Chapter 6) Lecture Handout 5: Gases (Online Text Chapter 6) I. The Structure of a Gas A. Gases are composed of particles that are flying around very fast in their container(s). 1. The particles travel in straight

More information

Chapter 5 TEST: Gases

Chapter 5 TEST: Gases Chapter 5 TEST: Gases 1) Gases generally have A) low density B) high density C) closely packed particles D) no increase in volume when temperature is increased E) no decrease in volume when pressure is

More information

Name: Chapter 13: Gases

Name: Chapter 13: Gases Name: Chapter 13: Gases Gases and gas behavior is one of the most important and most fun things to learn during your year in chemistry. Here are all of the gas notes and worksheets in two packets. We will

More information

Gas Laws. 1. Gases are said to exert pressure. Provide a molecular-level explanation for this. Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

Gas Laws. 1. Gases are said to exert pressure. Provide a molecular-level explanation for this. Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Chapter 5 Gas Laws Gas Laws 1. Gases are said to exert pressure. Provide a molecular-level explanation for this. 5 2 Gas Laws 2. How does a barometer measure atmospheric pressure? If the atmospheric pressure

More information

B. As the gas particles move and strike a surface, they push on that surface 1. If we could measure the total amount of force exerted by gas

B. As the gas particles move and strike a surface, they push on that surface 1. If we could measure the total amount of force exerted by gas Chapter 5: Gases I. The Structure of a Gas A. Gases are composed of particles that are flying around very fast in their container(s). 1. The particles travel in straight lines until they encounter either

More information

Unit 8: Kinetic Theory Homework Packet (90 points)

Unit 8: Kinetic Theory Homework Packet (90 points) Name: Key Period: By the end of Unit 8, you should be able to: Kinetic Theory Chapter 13-14 4. Define kinetic theory of gases including collisions 5. Define pressure, including atmospheric pressure, vapor

More information

More Practice with Gas Laws KEY

More Practice with Gas Laws KEY More Practice with Gas Laws KEY Chemistry Directions: For each question, identify the applicable law and solve for the correct answer using dimensional analysis. Express your answer to the correct number

More information

Basic Concepts of Chemistry Notes for Students [Chapter 10, page 1] D J Weinkauff - Nerinx Hall High School. Chapter 10 Gases

Basic Concepts of Chemistry Notes for Students [Chapter 10, page 1] D J Weinkauff - Nerinx Hall High School. Chapter 10 Gases Basic Concepts of Chemistry Notes for Students [Chapter 10, page 1] Chapter 10 Gases We have talked a little about gases in Chapter 3 and we dealt briefly with them in our stoichiometric calculations in

More information

Ch. 14 The Behavior of Gases

Ch. 14 The Behavior of Gases Ch. 14 The Behavior of Gases 14.1 PROPERTIES OF GASES Compressibility Compressibility: a measure of how much the volume of matter decreases under pressure Gases are easily compressed because of the spaces

More information

Chemistry HP Unit 6 Gases. Learning Targets (Your exam at the end of Unit 6 will assess the following:) 6. Gases

Chemistry HP Unit 6 Gases. Learning Targets (Your exam at the end of Unit 6 will assess the following:) 6. Gases Chemistry HP Unit 6 Gases Learning Targets (Your exam at the end of Unit 6 will assess the following:) 6. Gases 6-1. Define pressure using a mathematical equation. 6-2. Perform calculations involving pressure,

More information

C h e m i s t r y 1 A : C h a p t e r 5 P a g e 1

C h e m i s t r y 1 A : C h a p t e r 5 P a g e 1 C h e m i s t r y 1 A : C h a p t e r 5 P a g e 1 Chapter 5: Gases Homework: Read Chapter 5. Work out sample/practice exercises Keep up with MasteringChemistry assignments Gas Properties: Ideal Gas: Gases

More information

Gas Law Review. Honors Chem.

Gas Law Review. Honors Chem. Gas Law Review Honors Chem. Question 1: KMT 1: What does KMT stand for? 2: Gas particles have no or. 3: Gas particles are not to or by each other. 4: measures the average kinetic energy of gas particles.

More information

Characteristics of Gases

Characteristics of Gases Lecture 25-27 Gases Characteristics of Gases Unlike liquids and solids, gases Expand to fill their containers. Are highly compressible. Have extremely low densi@es. Pressure of a gas Force per unit area

More information

(for tutoring, homework help, or help with online classes)

(for tutoring, homework help, or help with online classes) www.tutor-homework.com (for tutoring, homework help, or help with online classes) 1. Which statement is inconsistent with the kinetic theory of an ideal gas? 1. The forces of repulsion between gas molecules

More information

Temperature Temperature

Temperature Temperature Temperature Temperature is a measure of how hot or cold an object is compared to another object. indicates that heat flows from the object with a higher temperature to the object with a lower temperature.

More information

2. Convert these pressures to atm: 1 atm! Or to mm Hg, 760 mm Hg! 760 mm Hg! 1 atm. 800 mm Hg 380 mm Hg 0.75 atm 0.25 atm

2. Convert these pressures to atm: 1 atm! Or to mm Hg, 760 mm Hg! 760 mm Hg! 1 atm. 800 mm Hg 380 mm Hg 0.75 atm 0.25 atm Chemistry L 3, Gas laws: Chapter 12: Name! Page 1 pg. 326-355 and Notes: Keep your Forces handout. We will not use kilopascals for pressure on worksheets or tests. Show your work on all worksheets!! Temperature

More information

Practice MC Test unit D (Ch 10) Gas Laws (pg 1 of 10)

Practice MC Test unit D (Ch 10) Gas Laws (pg 1 of 10) Practice MC Test unit D (Ch 10) Gas Laws (pg 1 of 10) This is practice - Do NOT cheat yourself of finding out what you are capable of doing. Be sure you follow the testing conditions outlined below. DO

More information

Each gas sample has the same A) density B) mass C) number of molecules D) number of atoms

Each gas sample has the same A) density B) mass C) number of molecules D) number of atoms 1. A real gas behaves most like an ideal gas at A) low pressure and high temperature B) average potential energy of its particles C) ionization energy of its particles D) activation energy of its particles

More information

Boyle s Law Practice

Boyle s Law Practice Boyle s Law Practice Boyle s Law is an indirect relationship. Most of these problems can be done in your head without showing your work. 1. Herman has 30.0 L of helium gas trapped in a cylinder by a piston.

More information

Chemistry 51 Chapter 7 PROPERTIES OF GASES. Gases are the least dense and most mobile of the three phases of matter.

Chemistry 51 Chapter 7 PROPERTIES OF GASES. Gases are the least dense and most mobile of the three phases of matter. ROERIES OF GASES Gases are the least dense and most mobile of the three phases of matter. articles of matter in the gas phase are spaced far apart from one another and move rapidly and collide with each

More information

Section 8.1 Properties of Gases Goal: Describe the kinetic molecular theory of gases and the units of measurement used for gases.

Section 8.1 Properties of Gases Goal: Describe the kinetic molecular theory of gases and the units of measurement used for gases. Chapter 8 Gases Practice Problems Section 8.1 Properties of Gases Goal: Describe the kinetic molecular theory of gases and the units of measurement used for gases. Summary: In a gas, particles are so far

More information

Substances that are liquids or solids under ordinary conditions may also exist as gases. These are often referred to as vapors. Properties of Gases

Substances that are liquids or solids under ordinary conditions may also exist as gases. These are often referred to as vapors. Properties of Gases Common Student Misconceptions Students need to be told to always use temperature in Kelvin in gas problems. Students should always use units in gas-law problems to keep track of required conversions. Due

More information

The Kinetic-Molecular Theory of Gases based on the idea that particles are always in motion

The Kinetic-Molecular Theory of Gases based on the idea that particles are always in motion The Kinetic-Molecular Theory of Gases based on the idea that particles are always in motion Five assumptions: 1. Most of the volume occupied dby a gas is empty space 2. Collisions between gas particles

More information

4. Using the kinetic molecular theory, explain why a gas can be easily compressed, while a liquid and a solid cannot?

4. Using the kinetic molecular theory, explain why a gas can be easily compressed, while a liquid and a solid cannot? Name Period HW 1 Worksheet (Goals 1-4) - Kinetic Molecular Theory 1. Describe how gases, liquids, and solids compare using the following table. Solids Liquids Gases Volume (definite or indefinite) Molecular

More information

KINETIC THEORY OF GASES

KINETIC THEORY OF GASES CHAPTER 18 GASES KINETIC THEORY OF GASES A given amt. of gas will occupy the entire volume of its container. Changes in temp. have a greater effect on the vol. of a gas than on a liquid or solid KINETIC

More information

UNIT 4 IB MATERIAL PARTICLE BEHAVIOR OF MATTER PHASES & ATTRACTIONS

UNIT 4 IB MATERIAL PARTICLE BEHAVIOR OF MATTER PHASES & ATTRACTIONS UNIT 4 IB MATERIAL Name: PARTICLE BEHAVIOR OF MATTER PHASES & ATTRACTIONS ESSENTIALS: Know, Understand, and Be Able To Apply Avogadro s law to calculate reacting volumes of gases. Apply the concept of

More information

Unit 10: Gas Laws. Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday. 10 Review for Cumulative Retest. 17 Chem Think Gas Laws Tutorial- Computer Lab-

Unit 10: Gas Laws. Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday. 10 Review for Cumulative Retest. 17 Chem Think Gas Laws Tutorial- Computer Lab- Unit 10: Gas Laws Name: Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday February 8 Stoichiometry Test Review 9 Stoichiometry Test 10 Review for Cumulative Retest 11 Cumulative Re-Test 12 Pressure & Kinetic Theory

More information

Lab Dates. CRHS Academic Chemistry Unit 11 Gas Laws Notes

Lab Dates. CRHS Academic Chemistry Unit 11 Gas Laws Notes Name Period CRHS Academic Chemistry Unit 11 Gas Laws Notes Quiz Date Lab Dates Exam Date Notes, Homework, Exam Reviews and Their KEYS located on CRHS Academic Chemistry Website: https://cincochem.pbworks.com

More information

Kinetic Molecular Theory

Kinetic Molecular Theory Kinetic Molecular Theory Name Period Unit 7 HW 1 Worksheet (Goals 1 & 2) 1. Describe how gases, liquids, and solids compare using the following table. Volume (definite or indefinite) Molecular Motion (high,

More information

Student Worksheet for Chemical Gas Laws

Student Worksheet for Chemical Gas Laws Student Worksheet for Chemical Attempt to work the following practice problems after working through the sample problems in the videos. Answers are given on the last page(s). Relevant Equations Boyle s

More information

Section 8: Gases. The following maps the videos in this section to the Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills for Science TAC (c).

Section 8: Gases. The following maps the videos in this section to the Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills for Science TAC (c). Section 8: Gases The following maps the videos in this section to the Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills for Science TAC 112.35(c). 8.01 Simple Gas Laws Chemistry (9)(A) 8.02 Ideal Gas Law Chemistry

More information

Chapter 10: Properties of Gases: The Air We Breathe

Chapter 10: Properties of Gases: The Air We Breathe Chapter 10: Properties of Gases: The Air We Breathe Sept, 2006 Sept, 2016 http://ozonewatch.gsfc.nasa.gov 1 Chapter Outline 10.1 The Properties of Gases 10.2 The Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases* 10.3

More information

Section 10-1: The Kinetic-Molecular Theory of Matter. 1) How does the word kinetic apply to particles of matter?

Section 10-1: The Kinetic-Molecular Theory of Matter. 1) How does the word kinetic apply to particles of matter? Kinetic-Molecular theory of Matter/Ch10, Gases/Ch11 Column notes: Answer all parts of each question IN YOUR OWN WORDS. Use the text, figures and captions as resources. Section 10-1: The Kinetic-Molecular

More information

General Chemistry II CHEM 116

General Chemistry II CHEM 116 General Chemistry II CHEM 116 Professor Evans (first two weeks) Professor Satyamurti (last four weeks) Syllabus; 2 exams (22.5 % each) and a final (45 %), lecture attendance 5 %, discussion attendance

More information

Dalton s Law How is the total pressure of a mixture of gases related to the partial pressures of the component gases?

Dalton s Law How is the total pressure of a mixture of gases related to the partial pressures of the component gases? Dalton s Law Chapter 4 The Behavior of Gases 4. Properties of Gases 4. The Gas Laws 4. Ideal Gases Dalton s Law How is the total pressure of a mixture of gases related to the partial pressures of the component

More information

Chemistry: It s a gas

Chemistry: It s a gas Chemistry: It s a gas Part IV Molar mass of a gas Density of a gas Dalton s Law: high altitudes and scuba diving Kinetic Molecular Theory: fast gases are hot! I have a chemistry test on Friday, there is

More information

Example: 25 C = ( ) K = 298 K. Pressure Symbol: p Units: force per area 1Pa (Pascal) = 1 N/m 2

Example: 25 C = ( ) K = 298 K. Pressure Symbol: p Units: force per area 1Pa (Pascal) = 1 N/m 2 Chapter 6: Gases 6.1 Measurements on Gases MH5, Chapter 5.1 Let s look at a certain amount of gas, i.e. trapped inside a balloon. To completely describe the state of this gas one has to specify the following

More information