Status: Rev: Comments Date: Authors: Reviewer:

Transcription

1 KENNEDY POINT MARINA ACOUSTIC ASSESSMENT Rp 001 r A 20 February 2017

2 84 Symonds Street PO Box 5811 Wellesley Street Auckland 1141 New Zealand T: F: Project: KENNEDY POINT MARINA Prepared for: Kennedy Point Boat Harbour Limited (KPBL) C/- Mair & Associates PO Box Orakei Auckland 1071 Attention: Tony Mair Report No.: Rp 001 r A Disclaimer Reports produced by Marshall Day Acoustics Limited are based on a specific scope, conditions and limitations, as agreed between Marshall Day Acoustics and the Client. Information and/or report(s) prepared by Marshall Day Acoustics may not be suitable for uses other than the specific project. No parties other than the Client should use any information and/or report(s) without first conferring with Marshall Day Acoustics. The advice given herein is for acoustic purposes only. Relevant authorities and experts should be consulted with regard to compliance with regulations or requirements governing areas other than acoustics. Copyright The concepts and information contained in this document are the property of Marshall Day Acoustics Limited. Use or copying of this document in whole or in part without the written permission of Marshall Day Acoustics constitutes an infringement of copyright. Information shall not be assigned to a third party without prior consent. Document Control Status: Rev: Comments Date: Authors: Reviewer: Issued - For Resource Consent 22 June 2016 Issued r01 For Resource Consent 13 July 2016 C Fitzgerald B Lawrence C Fitzgerald B Lawrence C Robinson C Robinson Issued r02 For Resource Consent 30 Aug 2016 C Fitzgerald - Issued r03 For Resource Consent 6 Sep 2016 C Fitzgerald - Issued r04 For Revised Resource Consent 17 Feb 2017 C Fitzgerald B Lawrence - Issued r05 For Revised Resource Consent 20 Feb 2017 C Fitzgerald B Lawrence -

3 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION Proposed Development Acoustic Assessment EXISTING AMBIENT SOUND LEVELS Overview Airborne Noise Underwater Noise PERFORMANCE STANDARDS Auckland Regional Plan (Coastal Section) Auckland District Plan (Hauraki Gulf Islands Section) Auckland Unitary Plan Discussion MARINA NOISE Boats Mechanical Plant Commercial Noise Cars Marina Noise Management Plan CONSTRUCTION NOISE Construction Methodology Airborne Noise Underwater noise Construction Noise Management Plan CONDITIONS OF CONSENT CONCLUSIONS APPENDIX A GLOSSARY OF TERMINOLOGY I:\JOBS\2016\ A\01 Documents Out\Rp 001 r A cmf (Kennedy Point Marina Acoustic Assessment).docx 3 of 24

4 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Proposed Development Kennedy Point Marina is proposed west of the existing car ferry terminal on Donald Bruce Road, Surfdale, Waiheke Island. An artist s impression of the development is reproduced in Figure 1 below. Figure 1: Kennedy Point Marina The proposed marina features: Berthing provisions: approximately 186 berths and up to 19 pile moorings and 30 public day berths Structures: two floating wave attenuators, floating pontoons, pier and wharf Facilities: office, storage, visitor facilities, clubroom, up to 72 car parks and berth access 1.2 Acoustic Assessment Marshall Day Acoustics (MDA) has been engaged to carry out an acoustic assessment of the proposed Kennedy Point Marina. The objective is to assess the construction and operational marina activities for compliance against the relevant Plan noise rules and assess the potential environmental acoustic effects. The key matters to be addressed by the acoustic assessment are as follows: Marina noise (airborne noise associated with typical marina activities) Construction noise (both airborne and underwater noise from activities such as impact piling) Note that a detailed assessment of vibration has not been considered in this acoustic assessment as the marina is located a significant distance from any existing building and will generate no risk of building damage and negligible adverse vibration effects. I:\JOBS\2016\ A\01 Documents Out\Rp 001 r A cmf (Kennedy Point Marina Acoustic Assessment).docx 4 of 24

5 2.0 EXISTING AMBIENT SOUND LEVELS 2.1 Overview MDA undertook a site survey at Kennedy Point on 22 April 2016 to measure the existing airborne and underwater ambient noise environment. The survey consisted of measurements at the following locations shown on Figure 2: Short term attended airborne noise measurements at MP1 and MP2 Long term unattended airborne noise monitoring at MP3 (7 day period) Short term attended underwater noise measurements, and long term unattended underwater noise monitoring at MP4 and MP5 Figure 2: Aerial Map of Survey Locations 2.2 Airborne Noise Attended sound measurements were undertaken between 1:45pm and 2:15pm on 22 April 2016 at two representative locations (MP1 and MP2 on Figure 2). Each measurement was approximately 15 minutes in duration and undertaken generally in accordance with the provisions of NZS 6801:2008. Weather conditions during the measurements were fine with little to no wind. The measured levels are presented in Table 1 overleaf. The existing noise environment was noted to be typical of a low density suburban area. The main noise sources were traffic movements on Donald Bruce Road (accessing the ferry terminal), maintenance and general building works on several residential sites in the surrounding area, birdsong, wave noise, and occasional aircraft and boat movements. I:\JOBS\2016\ A\01 Documents Out\Rp 001 r A cmf (Kennedy Point Marina Acoustic Assessment).docx 5 of 24

6 Table 1: Noise Measurements at MP1 and MP2 Position Measured Noise Levels Description of noise sources LAeq LA10 LA90 LAFmax MP Ferry leaving, Vehicles on Donald Bruce Rd (2x trucks, 3x cars), Light aircraft flyover MP Ferry leaving, Vehicles near pier, Residential activities, building works on surrounding sites, Light aircraft flyover A noise logger measured the ambient noise levels at one location continuously from April 2016 (MP3 on Figure 2). Based on hourly wind speed and rain fall rates obtained from the closest NIWA weather stations (22167, and 3925), conditions were generally suitable for ambient noise measurements throughout the monitoring period. The measurements are presented in Figure 3 below and the results summarised in Table 2 below. The background noise level is relatively high at times, but indicative of a seaside location. The average measured noise level was 56 db L Aeq during the day and 48 db L Aeq at night. Analysis of audio recordings captured by the logger determined that on two occasions the measurements were affected by noise sources that may not be typical of the general ambient noise environment. These sources were construction works (assumed to be road resurfacing) on the morning of 28 April, and park maintenance near the logger on the morning of 29 April. However, the contribution to the overall noise levels over the course of the survey period was negligible (less than one decibel). Figure 3: Noise Monitoring Time Trace at MP3 Table 2: Noise Monitoring at MP3 Measured Noise Levels (db) Period LAeq (15min) LA10 (15min) LA90 (15min) LAmax Daytime ( ) Average Night-time ( ) Average I:\JOBS\2016\ A\01 Documents Out\Rp 001 r A cmf (Kennedy Point Marina Acoustic Assessment).docx 6 of 24

7 To supplement this on-site information, MDA measurements of a medium sized recreational boat with a 200HP outboard engine were undertaken within Waikawa Marina. The outboard engine had a sound power level of 82 db L wa when idling and 86 db L wa while moving slowly within the marina. By comparison, the SeaLink car ferries are predicted to have a sound power level of db L wa, depending on engine load. 2.3 Underwater Noise The 4Sight Consulting Ecology assessment provides the following guidance on species of interest : More than 22 species of whales and dolphins have been recorded in the Hauraki Gulf. The Kennedy Point Bay area is known to be occasionally frequented by bottlenose dolphins, common dolphins, orca and long-finned pilot whales (in order of most frequent to least frequent). It is also understood that Kennedy Point is not a notable feeding, breeding or raring site for marine mammals, and not in a known migration path. Kennedy Point Bay is not a dedicated habitat for a specific fish species of interest; it is generally populated by common coastal fish species with large/resilient stocks. In terms of seabirds, shags may enter the water occasionally. However, generally, there are no local bird species of special value or warrant particular consideration or concern. Hydrophones were positioned at MP4 and MP5 (refer Figure 2), near the extents of the proposed marina. The hydrophones recorded underwater noise continuously from April The measurements are presented in Figure 4 and Figure 5 overleaf and summarised in Table 3 below. Table 3: Underwater Noise Monitoring at MP4 and MP5 Position Description Measured Levels (db re 1μPa) RMS Lpeak MP4 Average 1 second interval MP5 Average 1 second interval The background underwater noise level was relatively constant and typical of a coastal environment, dominated by snapping shrimp at high frequencies. The ambient underwater noise level fluctuated with low frequency noise contributions from scheduled ferries and recreational boat movements. Ferry movements were the loudest activity in the existing underwater noise environment. MP4 and MP5 were 200m and 230m respectively northwest of the typical ferry approach and departure route. The average Sound Exposure Level (SEL) for ferry departures was up to 20 decibels higher than arrivals, and the peak levels for departures were up to 10 decibels higher than arrivals. In summary, the sound exposure level for each ferry movement was db re 1μPa SEL at m. An underwater noise measurement of the water taxi Pellorus Belle was used to understand the noise level generated by a medium sized recreational boat in a marina environment. The Pellorus Belle is an 8.5m long vessel with 2 x 225HP Honda outboard engines (2012). Underwater measurements were undertaken while the boat was tied to a wharf and the captain operated one outboard engine at 1350 rpm, simulating the engine load at 5kn, as required within 200m of land and in a marina. The hydrophone measured a noise source level of 164 db re 1μPa rms at 1m, dominated by the blade pass frequency in the 63Hz 1/3 octave band. I:\JOBS\2016\ A\01 Documents Out\Rp 001 r A cmf (Kennedy Point Marina Acoustic Assessment).docx 7 of 24

8 Figure 4: MP4 Underwater Noise Monitoring Time Trace (1s intervals) Lpeak RMS Figure 5: MP5 Underwater Noise Monitoring Time Trace (1s intervals) Lpeak RMS I:\JOBS\2016\ A\01 Documents Out\Rp 001 r A cmf (Kennedy Point Marina Acoustic Assessment).docx 8 of 24

9 3.0 PERFORMANCE STANDARDS 3.1 Auckland Regional Plan (Coastal Section) Overview Kennedy Point Marina is not on land above Mean High Water Springs (MHWS). Therefore, it is subject to the noise rules in Section 35 of the Auckland Regional Plan (Coastal Section). The rules relate to noise from recreational vessels (such as power boats and jet skis), music, and construction noise generated from within the coastal marine area. However it is acknowledged that it will be impracticable and unrealistic to control noise generated from particular activities. This includes the noise generated from the normal operational requirements of commercial vessels, such as cargo vessels, tugs, passenger liners, naval vessels, commercial fishing vessels and trains. The objective of the rules is to ensure that noise emitted from the coastal marine area does not exceed a reasonable level. However, the explanation notes that People who reside or spend time in or near the coastal marine area, particularly those who choose to move to an environment characterised by noise, need to acknowledge and accept that the coastal marine area is not necessarily a quiet or uninterrupted noise environment. Accordingly some level of noise will need to be tolerated. Kennedy Point is zoned a General Management Area and includes an existing Mooring Management Area for 30 berths (although 37 moorings are apparently licenced for the area). This information is summarised in Figure 6 below. Figure 6: Auckland Regional Plan (Coastal), Map Series 1 Sheet 41 and legend (reproduced in parts) Marina Noise Rule includes the following relevant noise limits: Monday Sunday 7am 10pm (day) 55 db L A10 10pm 7am (night) 45 db L A10 and 75 db L AFmax Construction Noise Rule b includes the following relevant construction noise limits: Monday Friday 6.30am 10.30pm (day) 75 db L A10 and 90 db L AFmax Saturday 7am 11pm (day) 80 db L A10 and 90 db L AFmax Sunday 9am 7pm (day) 65 db L A10 and 85 db L AFmax I:\JOBS\2016\ A\01 Documents Out\Rp 001 r A cmf (Kennedy Point Marina Acoustic Assessment).docx 9 of 24

10 All other times 10pm 7am (night) 45 db L A10 and 75 db L AFmax 3.2 Auckland District Plan (Hauraki Gulf Islands Section) Overview The proposed marina is not located on land above MHWS. Therefore, the noise rules in Section 10c of the Auckland District Plan (Hauraki Gulf Islands Section) do not apply. However, they are useful to inform amenity expectations in the receiving environment. Kennedy Point features a range of land uses, including a commercial wharf, residential, rural and open space areas. This information is summarised in Figure 7 below. Figure 7: Auckland District Plan (Hauraki Gulf Islands Section), Maps 8, 9 and legend (reproduced in parts) Marina Noise Table 10c.2 and Rule 10c.5.3 includes the following noise limits for Commercial 7 sites and electricity generators received at all sites: Monday Sunday 7am 10pm (day) 55 db L Aeq 10pm 7am (night) 45 db L Aeq and 75 db L AFmax Tables 10c.1 and 10c.4 include the following noise limits for Residential 1, Island Residential 2 and Rural 1 sites: Monday Sunday 7am 10pm (day) 50 db L Aeq 10pm 7am (night) 40 db L Aeq and 75 db LAFmax Construction Noise Rule includes the following typical duration construction noise limits: Monday Friday 6.30am 7.30pm (morning) 60 db L Aeq and 75 db L AFmax 7.30am 6pm (day) 75 db L Aeq and 90 db L AFmax 6pm 8pm (evening) 70 db L Aeq and 85 db L AFmax Saturday 7.30am 6pm (day) 75 db L Aeq and 90 db L AFmax Sunday & Public Holidays 7.30am 6pm (day) 55 db L Aeq and 85 db L AFmax I:\JOBS\2016\ A\01 Documents Out\Rp 001 r A cmf (Kennedy Point Marina Acoustic Assessment).docx 10 of 24

11 All other times (night) 45 db L Aeq and 75 db L AFmax 3.3 Auckland Unitary Plan Overview The Auckland Unitary Plan (AUP) noise rules now have legal effect following the release of decisions on submissions by the Council. General Coastal Marine Area (GCMA) zoning is shown in Figure 8, with Kennedy Point Marina located in an area zoned predominantly Coastal (mooring). Figure 8: AUP CMA zoning (notified 30 September 2013) Marina Noise Rule E includes the following noise limits for GCMA activities received within a residential boundary or rural notional boundary: Monday Sunday 7am 10pm (day) 50 db L Aeq 10pm 7am (night) 40 db L Aeq and 75 db L AFmax The above rule would apply to marina activities such as vehicle movements and mechanical plant. However, like the operative Auckland Regional Plan (Coastal Section) discussed in Section 3.1.1, it specifically excludes the operational requirements of vessels (including cargo vessels, tugs, passenger liners, naval vessels and commercial fishing vessels), and temporary activities Construction Airborne Noise Rule E refers to the construction noise limits in Tables 2 and 3 of New Zealand Standard NZS 6803: 1999 Acoustics - Construction Noise and includes the noise limits rather than relying on an external reference. The typical duration construction noise limits are reproduced below. The limits are reduced by 5 decibels for long-term duration construction works (exceeds 20 weeks in total). Monday Friday 6.30am 7.30pm (morning) 60dB L Aeq and 75 db L AFmax 7.30am 6pm (day) 75 db L Aeq and 90 db L AFmax 6pm 8pm (evening) 70 db L Aeq and 85 db L AFmax Saturday 7.30am 6pm (day) 75 db L Aeq and 90 db L AFmax Sunday & Public Holidays 7.30am 6pm (day) 55 db L Aeq and 85 db L AFmax I:\JOBS\2016\ A\01 Documents Out\Rp 001 r A cmf (Kennedy Point Marina Acoustic Assessment).docx 11 of 24

12 All other times (night) 45 db L Aeq and 75 db L AFmax Construction Underwater Noise Section F2.18 includes objectives and policies relating to the management of the adverse effects of the generation of underwater noise on marine mammals. A rule is included in Table F (A114) classifying underwater blasting, impact and vibratory piling, and marine seismic surveys as restricted discretionary activities. The rule does not relate to underwater noise generated by the operational requirements of vessels (including cargo vessels, tugs, passenger liners, naval vessels and commercial fishing vessels), use of sonar, and temporary activities other than construction. Although there are no underwater noise standards, F (c) identifies specific matters for discretion and F includes various matters for assessment as follows: The health and well-being of marine fauna (including threatened and at-risk species) and people from the noise associated with the proposal The practicability of being able to control the noise effects The social and economic benefits to the community of the proposal The extent to which the adverse effects of the noise will be mitigated There is no New Zealand guidance on underwater noise effects. However, the US Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) provides guidance for assessing the effects of anthropogenic (human-made) sound on marine mammals 1. It identifies the received levels above at which individual marine mammals are predicted to experience changes in hearing sensitivity, either temporary or permanent. Permanent Threshold Shift (PTS) is the permanent loss of hearing caused by some kind of acoustic effect or trauma. NOAA provides PTS onset thresholds for MF cetaceans using peak and SEL cum assessment descriptors. The unweighted peak instantaneous pressure level recorded during the measurement period, whereas SEL cum is the M-weighted sound exposure level over a 24 hour period. The identified species of interest (refer Section 2.3) are bottlenose dolphins, common dolphins, orca and long-finned pilot whales. These species are all classified as mid-frequency (MF) cetaceans for the purposes of underwater noise sensitivity, with a functional hearing range of 150 Hz to 160 khz. The NOAA PTS onset thresholds 2 for MF cetaceans are summarised as follows: Impulsive sources (e.g. impact piling): 230 db re 1 μpa peak, and 185 db re 1 μpa 2 /s SEL cum Non-impulsive sources (e.g. vibro piling): 198 db re 1 μpa 2 /s SEL cum NOAA is developing guidance on sound characteristics likely to cause injury and behavioural disruption in the context of the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA), Endangered Species Act (ESA) and other statutes (NOAA, n.d.). The Interim Sound Threshold Guidance relating to behavioural disruption is summarised in Table 4 overleaf. 1 U.S. Department of Commerce National Oceania and Atmospheric Administration: Technical Guidance for Assessing the Effects of Anthropogenic Sound on Marine Mammal Hearing (July 2016) 2 The NOAA guidelines have been updated recently with some subtle changes to the criteria. Revision r04 of this report has been updated to reflect the updates. The changes may draw attention, but they are not materially different. I:\JOBS\2016\ A\01 Documents Out\Rp 001 r A cmf (Kennedy Point Marina Acoustic Assessment).docx 12 of 24

13 Table 4: MMPA behavioural disruption thresholds (NOAA, n.d.) Criterion Definition Threshold Level B Behavioural disruption for impulsive noise (e.g. impact pile driving) 160 db re 1 Pa rms Level B Behavioural disruption for non-impulsive noise (e.g. drilling and vibratory piling) 120 db re 1 Pa rms* * The non-impulsive threshold maybe adjusted where background noise is at or above this level (which is common in coastal or inshore environments). With reference to Table 3, Figure 4 and Figure 5, the existing underwater noise level (rms) typically ranges between db re 1μPa rms, with an average of approximately 130 db re 1μPa rms. A signal to noise ratio of decibels above ambient is required to invoke a change in activity for cetaceans 3. Furthermore, fish show an avoidance reaction to vessels when the radiated noise levels exceed their threshold of hearing by 30 decibels or more 4. Therefore, a more suitable behavioural disruption for non-impulsive noise in this location is considered to be 150 db re 1μPa rms. It is noted that the behavioural response or harassment thresholds remain controversial. However, harassment is statutorily defined in the MMPA as, any act of pursuit, torment, or annoyance which: (Level A Harassment) has the potential to injure a marine mammal or marine mammal stock in the wild; or, (Level B Harassment) has the potential to disturb a marine mammal or marine mammal stock in the wild by causing disruption of behavioral patterns, including, but not limited to, migration, breathing, nursing, breeding, feeding, or sheltering but which does not have the potential to injure a marine mammal or marine mammal stock in the wild. Where exceedance of a MMPA threshold is predicted, it may acceptable where the take would: Be of small numbers, Have no more than a "negligible impact" on those marine mammal species or stocks, and Not have an "unmitigable adverse impact" on the availability of the species or stock for "subsistence" uses. The level B harassment threshold of 160 db re 1 μpa rms is considered to be a suitable indicator of potential behavioural response from impact piling for this project. 3.4 Discussion Marina Noise The operative Coastal Plan noise limits are 55 db L A10 during the day and 45 db L A10 at night. However, modern noise rules use the L Aeq descriptor in place of L A10. The L Aeq measurement descriptor is more reliably predicted, provides a more consistent relationship between level and associated effects, and is more relevant for assessing low volume sporadic activities such as those in a marina. Whist not applicable, the comparable noise rules (refer Sections and 3.3.1) would result in noise limits of db L Aeq during the day and db L Aeq at night. The PAUP envisages Kennedy Point as a mooring site rather than a marina, with noise limits 5 decibels lower than the current operative limits. However, based on the proposed marina activities 3 Richardson, J. (1995). Marine Mammals and Noise. San Diego, California: Academic Press, Inc. 4 Mitson, R. (1995). Underwater Noise of Research Vessels Review and Recommendations. I:\JOBS\2016\ A\01 Documents Out\Rp 001 r A cmf (Kennedy Point Marina Acoustic Assessment).docx 13 of 24

14 (refer Section 1.1) and the measurements of the existing noise environment (refer Section 2.2), noise limits of 55 db L Aeq during the day (7am to 10pm) and 45 db L Aeq at night are considered appropriate. Nonetheless, the operative noise limits are used as the basis for this assessment. The noise limits would apply to the operation of the marina, carpark and other facilities when assessed within the notional boundary of any dwelling in the residential and rural zones Construction Noise Aligned with the discussion in Section above, NZS 6803: 1999 Acoustics - Construction Noise uses the more modern L Aeq descriptor in place of L A10. Consistent with the Decisions version of the AUP rules in Section 3.3.3, it is recommended that construction noise should be measured and assessed in accordance with NZS 6803:1999 "Acoustics - Construction Noise" and comply as far as practicable with the long-term duration limits set out in Tables 2 and 3. Furthermore, construction should be carried out between the hours of 7am 6pm, Monday to Saturday only. No construction work should be undertaken on Sundays or public holidays. An assessment of underwater noise effects is also required for piling activities. The following performance standards are recommended: PTS onset single strike (impulsive sources): 230 db re 1 μpa peak PTS onset 24-hour cumulative exposure (impulsive sources): 185 db re 1 μpa 2 /s SEL cum PTS onset 24-hour cumulative exposure (non-impulsive sources): 198 db re 1 μpa 2 /s SEL cum Behavioral response (impulsive sources): 160 db re 1 μpa rms Behavioral response (non-impulsive sources): 150 db re 1 μpa rms 4.0 MARINA NOISE 4.1 Boats The operational requirements of vessels are excluded from compliance with noise limits, but are considered as part of the assessment of noise effects. Motor boats, sail boats and ferries currently frequent the existing wharf and sheltered public moorings in Kennedy Bay on a regularly basis. The character of sound generated by these vessels and their associated activities are part of the existing environment. This would likely include: Boat engine noise Halyard slap Deck activities MDA undertook noise measurements of a large recreational boat within a Marina. A 200 HP outboard engine had a sound power level of 82 db L wa while idling and 86 db L wa while moving slowly and exiting the marina. Figure 9 overleaf shows that boat engine noise levels received at the closest dwellings are predicted to be between db L Aeq during a brief passby. This noise level is generally below the background and insignificant. By comparison, the SeaLink ferries are predicted to have a sound power level of db L wa (depending on engine load). Ferry noise levels received at the closest dwellings are predicted to be between db L Aeq during a brief passby. Halyard slap occurs on windy days when ropes are not secured sufficiently. While halyard slap is predicted to be readily compliant with the relevant noise limits, its character is distinctive and can result in annoyance at short receiver distances. It should be noted that the background noise levels at dwellings would generally be higher on windy days, making halyard slap less apparent. Nonetheless, halyard slap may be avoided by ensuring ropes are sufficiently secured. I:\JOBS\2016\ A\01 Documents Out\Rp 001 r A cmf (Kennedy Point Marina Acoustic Assessment).docx 14 of 24

15 Deck activities may include the use of portable pumps and generators, people noise and entertainment noise. It is unknown if these activities currently result in noise nuisance (particularly at night), but the proposed marina would intensify the number of vessels in the bay at any one time. Halyard slap and deck activities are considered marina management matters, discussed further in Section 4.5. Figure 9: Marina Boat Movement 4.2 Mechanical Plant In our experience, mechanical plant such as condensers, air compressors, water compressors and generators, would readily comply with the relevant noise limits provided that suitable acoustic design is undertaken prior to construction and the equipment is properly installed and maintained. 4.3 Commercial Noise 4.4 Cars The proposed commercial activities consist of office, storage, visitor facilities and a clubroom. Noise emissions from normal commercial operations are predicted to readily comply with the District Plan noise limits and are not considered further. TDG has provided draft traffic information 5 for on-site vehicle movements. In summary, the marina is predicted to generate 81 peak hour and 966 daily vehicle movements. Figure 10 overleaf predicts a noise level of 35 db L Aeq (peak hour) at the notional boundary of the closest residential dwelling. Therefore, site vehicles are predicted to readily comply with the Unitary Plan daytime noise limit of 50 db L Aeq. While noise from vehicle movements on public roads is not a compliance issue, the noise effects of increased vehicle movements on surrounding streets is considered. A TDG survey counted June 2016 I:\JOBS\2016\ A\01 Documents Out\Rp 001 r A cmf (Kennedy Point Marina Acoustic Assessment).docx 15 of 24

16 vehicle movements on Donald Bruce Road accessing the existing wharf in the peak hour. The peak hour movements generated by the marina are proportionally insignificant. As a result, road traffic noise is predicted to increase by up to 1 decibel during peak times, which is an imperceptible change. Figure 10: Car Park Peak Hour Vehicle Movements 4.5 Marina Noise Management Plan A marina Noise Management Plan (NMP) is recommended in the proposed conditions in Section 6. The NMP should include: The marina noise limits Details of required marina rules or procedures to minimise the effects of noise from marina activities, including time restrictions if necessary, on amplified music, and the use of septic tank pumps, recycling facilities and prevention of halyard slap Details of procedures for community liaison and handling of noise complaints Schedule and methods for monitoring and reporting on marina noise Contact numbers for key staff responsible for the implementation of the NMP and complaint investigation. 5.0 CONSTRUCTION NOISE 5.1 Construction Methodology The marina will take approximately 18 months to construct: Concrete access wharf constructed between months 1 6 Main attenuator installed between months 8 12 Inner attenuator installed between months Utilities and commissioning completed in month 18 I:\JOBS\2016\ A\01 Documents Out\Rp 001 r A cmf (Kennedy Point Marina Acoustic Assessment).docx 16 of 24

17 The proposed construction methodology includes the following piling activities: Floating marina and walkway: 300mm diameter wood piles (280 off) Wharf: 600mm square or octagonal concrete piles (21 off) Car park and buildings: 600mm diameter steel piles (22 off) Wave attenuators: 914mm diameter steel piles (24 off) The piles would be driven by a crane on a barge using the following methods: The steel piles would be driven using vibratory piling methods. For these piles, it is understood that each pile would take minutes to install, at a rate of up to 4 piles per day. All remaining piles would be driven using impact piling methods. It is understood indicatively that each pile would take minutes to drive at a rate of 2 blows per minute (5 blows per meter for the first few metres in soft sediment and 15 blows for the final metre). It is understood that up to 10 piles would be driven per day, resulting in a maximum of around 300 pile strikes per day. Floating pontoons would be towed to site and tethered to the piles, providing car parking, marina facilities and access to berths. No construction or maintenance dredging is required. 5.2 Airborne Noise Indicative equipment noise levels for identified construction activities are presented in Table 5 below. Table 5: Indicative equipment sound power levels Phase Equipment Typical Operating Sound Power Level (db LwA) Piles Impact piling rig Mobile crane (35t) 98 Impact piling is predicted to generate the highest construction noise levels. The marina is located at least 100m offshore, with the closest pile approximately 140m from the nearest dwelling at 32 Kennedy Point Road. Figure 11 overleaf predicts a worst case piling noise level of db L Aeq (15 min) and L AFmax at this dwelling without any acoustic mitigation. Therefore, all construction activities are predicted to comply with the 70 db L Aeq (15 min) and 85 db L AFmax noise limits. I:\JOBS\2016\ A\01 Documents Out\Rp 001 r A cmf (Kennedy Point Marina Acoustic Assessment).docx 17 of 24

18 Figure 11: Impact piling worst case Overall, the construction noise effects are considered to be reasonable with the application of a suitable construction noise management plan (refer Section 5.4). 5.3 Underwater noise Piling Piling is predicted to produce the highest levels of underwater construction noise. Impact piling can generate peak noise levels of between 180 and 250 db re 1μPa peak at 1m depending on the pile type (e.g. timber pile, concrete pile, steel H pile, sheet pile), size of pile and piling rig, and the piling method and mitigation employed. While vibratory piling produces significantly lower peak noise levels, the total sound energy imparted can be similar to impact piling because the vibratory driver operates continuously. Comparable reference measurements 6,7 for the various impact piling methods are summarised in Table 6. As the species of interest are mid-frequency cetaceans, the equivalent MF weighted cumulative SEL 8 has also been calculated. 6 Impact driven concrete and timber piles California Department of Transportation: Technical Guidance for Assessment and Mitigation of the Hydroacoustic Effects of Pile Driving on Fish (Nov 2015), Table VI-1 7 Vibratory driven steel piles California Department of Transportation: Technical Guidance for Assessment and Mitigation of the Hydroacoustic Effects of Pile Driving on Fish (Nov 2015), Table I The cumulative sound exposure level is the total sound energy over a 24-hour period normalized to 1 second. This parameter removes the duration component from the noise level, allowing impulsive and non-impulsive noise sources such as impact and vibratory piling to be compared. I:\JOBS\2016\ A\01 Documents Out\Rp 001 r A cmf (Kennedy Point Marina Acoustic Assessment).docx 18 of 24

19 Table 6: Pile driving underwater noise levels (db re 1μPa at 10m) Measurement Descriptor Pile Type and Size Timber 300mm (Impact driven) Concrete 600mm (Impact Driven) Steel 900mm (Vibratory Driven) Peak RMS SEL (single strike) N/A SELcum(MF) The impulsive noise from driving wooden piles typically has a slower rise time compared with concrete and steel piles. As a result, driven timber piles result in a less severe shock wave than driven steel piles, with the effect described as the difference between a push and a punch. Wooden piles produce a lower frequency thud when hit, compared to a mid to high frequency ring when steel piles are impacted or vibrated into place. This is important as the species of interest are more sensitive to mid and high frequency noise than to low frequency Noise Modelling Modelling of impact piling noise levels has been undertaken for all three piling types. The modelling has been undertaken using dbsea (3D underwater noise software that enables spatial visualisation for the various zones of influence). The model inputs are summarised as follows: NIWA Hauraki Gulf bathymetry supplemented by survey data from Discovery Marine Ltd Source spectrums based on in-water measurements of pile driving between 20Hz 20kHz: o Timber piles: vibratory driven timber piles 9 scaled to the levels provided in Table 6 o Concrete piles: impact driven concrete piles 3 scaled to the levels provided in Table 6 o Steel piles: vibratory driven steel piles 10 scaled to the levels provided in Table 6 The noise contours are calculated using a Normal Model solver for frequencies below 2kHz and a Ray Trace solver above 2kHz. The cross over is considered suitable for depths of 4-5m Predicted Piling Noise Levels Underwater noise levels have been predicted for all piling types. In order to determine the highest predicted noise levels produced by piling works, the pile locations at the outermost extents of the marina for each pile type have been chosen. The predicted zones of influence for impact piling are presented in Table 7. The zones of influence have been provided as distances from the pile being installed. These zones are based on the criteria provided in the NOAA guidelines (refer Section 3.3.4) and 300 strikes per day (refer Section 5.3.1). 9 California Department of Transportation: Technical Guidance for Assessment and Mitigation of the Hydroacoustic Effects of Pile Driving on Fish (Nov 2015), Figure I ITAP Institut für technische und angewandte Physik GmbH: Spektren der Vibrationsramme beim Umspannwerk (2011) I:\JOBS\2016\ A\01 Documents Out\Rp 001 r A cmf (Kennedy Point Marina Acoustic Assessment).docx 19 of 24

20 Table 7: Impact piling zones of influence (using the underwater noise model) Description NOAA Criterion Zone of Influence for each pile type and size Timber 300mm Concrete 600mm PTS single strike 230 db re 1 μpa peak Below criteria Below criteria PTS cumulative exposure 185 db re 1 μpa 2 /s SELcum(MF) Below criteria 16m Behavioural response 160 db re 1 μpa rms 50m 1,030m For vibratory piling, the predicted zones of influence are presented in Table 8. The zones are also provided as distance from the pile being installed and are based on the criteria provided in the NOAA guidelines. It is understood that up to 4 piles would be installed per day, taking up to 15 minutes per pile (refer Section 5.3.1). Table 8: Vibratory piling zones of influence (using the underwater noise model) Description NOAA Criterion Steel 900mm Piles PTS cumulative exposure 198 db re 1 μpa 2 /s SELcum < 10m Behavioural response 150 db re 1 μpa rms 1,440m The piling methods are predicted to comply with the single strike peak and cumulative exposure PTS criteria at negligible receiver distances. Of more relevance is the potential zone of influence related to behavioural response. Figure 12 overleaf graphically illustrates the zones of influence for each piling type. Overall, the underwater noise effects from piling activities are considered to be reasonable with the application of a suitable construction noise management plan (refer Section 5.4). I:\JOBS\2016\ A\01 Documents Out\Rp 001 r A cmf (Kennedy Point Marina Acoustic Assessment).docx 20 of 24

21 Figure 12: Piling underwater noise behavioural response zones of influence 5.4 Construction Noise Management Plan A Construction Noise Management Plan (CNMP) should identify practicable noise mitigation measures and ensure effective communication between contractors and neighbours. Mitigation measures for impact piling may include, but are not limited to; utilising a non-metallic dolly between the hammer and the driving helmet for the piling rig; the enclosure of the driving system in an acoustic shroud; the fitting of silencers on the rig engine; and the fitting (or upgrading) of engine covers. Noise levels have been found to reduce by up to 6 decibels with these measures, and a further 8 10 decibels with an effective acoustic barrier. A CNMP should include: The performance standards that must, as far as practicable, be complied with Predicted noise levels for relevant equipment and/or activities Construction noise mitigation and management strategies Noise monitoring requirements, with triggers and feedback mechanisms I:\JOBS\2016\ A\01 Documents Out\Rp 001 r A cmf (Kennedy Point Marina Acoustic Assessment).docx 21 of 24

22 Communication, consultation and complaints response procedures Specific measures which can be employed to reduce or manage the effects of underwater noise include: Undertake visual monitoring during piling operations to identify any marine mammals in the area Do not start piling if a marine mammal is identified within 1,500m of the piling rig (refer Table 9) Where practicable, use a wooden dolly for concrete and steel piles Use soft starts (gradually increasing the intensity of impact piling) and minimise duty cycle Implement low power or shut down procedures when a marine mammal is identified within 1,500m of the piling rig (refer Table 9) Stop piling when a marine mammal is identified within 100m (refer Table 9) of the piling rig Furthermore, where a vessel or mechanical plant on a vessel (such as a generator) is identified as being particularly noisy, action should be taken to reduce noise and vibration emissions. This may involve the fitting of mitigation devices, such as silencers or enclosures. Plant should be maintained to ensure that noise emissions remain as low as practicable, such as balancing and lubricating rotating parts and vibration isolation from the hull where possible. These recommendations should be included in the CNMP. The CNMP is recommended as a condition of any consent granted in Section CONDITIONS OF CONSENT MDA propose that the following conditions should be included in any consent granted: 1. Marina Noise Management Plan (NMP) Prior to permanent occupation of the marina by berth holders, the Consent Holder shall submit to the Team Leader Coastal Consents and Compliance for approval a Noise Management Plan (NMP). The approved NMP shall be implemented on an ongoing basis by the Consent Holder. The NMP shall have provision for the following: Marina noise limits; Details of required marina rules or procedures to minimise the effects of noise from marina activities, including time restrictions if necessary, on amplified music, and the use of septic tank pumps, recycling facilities and prevention of halyard slap; Details of procedures for community liaison and handling of noise complaints; Schedule and methods for monitoring and reporting on Marina noise; Contact numbers for key staff responsible for the implementation of the NMP and complaint investigation. 2. Construction Noise Management Plan (CNMP) At least twenty (20) working days prior to the commencement of construction works, the consent holder shall provide to the Team Leader Coastal Consents and Compliance a Construction Noise Management Plan (CNMP) for written approval. The purpose of the plan is to provide a detailed description of the measures to be put in place during construction to meet the construction noise conditions, the means by which their efficacy will be checked, and procedures to deal with and rectify any identified non-compliances. The CNMP shall be implemented throughout the entire period of the construction works. Contents of the Plan: I:\JOBS\2016\ A\01 Documents Out\Rp 001 r A cmf (Kennedy Point Marina Acoustic Assessment).docx 22 of 24

23 7.0 CONCLUSIONS The CNMP shall be prepared by an appropriately qualified and experienced acoustic specialist. It shall address terrestrial and underwater noise effects and include, as a minimum, provision for the following: Construction noise limits; Identification of the most affected houses and other sensitive locations where there exists the potential for noise effects; Details of procedures for community liaison and notification of proposed construction activities and handling of noise complaints; Description and duration of the works, anticipated equipment and the processes to be undertaken; Hours of operation, including specific times and days when construction activities causing noise are expected to occur; Mitigation options, including alternative strategies where full compliance with the relevant noise criteria cannot be achieved. Noise mitigation measures shall be implemented as required where noise levels are predicted or demonstrated to approach or exceed the relevant limits; Potential mitigation measures should include using a soft start technique at the commencement of each pile being driven, by ensuring that piling does not commence if marine mammals are seen within 1,500m of the piling barge, and implementation of any other physical mitigation measures that may be necessary, for example a reduced drop height for the piling hammer or the use of a dolly between the hammer and the pile. Schedule and methods for monitoring and reporting on construction noise; In the event of the measured noise levels exceeding the relevant standards, the Council must be notified, works shall cease, and further mitigation options shall be investigated and implemented prior to works re-commencing. Construction operator training procedures; and Contact numbers for staff responsible for implementation of the CNMP, and complaint receipts and investigations. MDA has undertaken an acoustic assessment of the proposed Kennedy Point Marina. In summary: The existing noise environment is controlled by local road traffic and wharf activities. Marina and construction noise rules are proposed following a review of the measured existing noise environment, relevant operative noise rules and other related planning documents. Marina activity noise is predicted to comply with the relevant noise limits. A Noise Management Plan (NMP) is proposed to address matters such as halyard slap and deck activities. Construction noise is predicted to comply with the relevant airborne noise limits. A Construction Noise Management Plan (CNMP) is proposed to mitigate airborne and underwater noise emissions as far as practicable. A set of conditions of any consent granted are proposed in Section 6. I:\JOBS\2016\ A\01 Documents Out\Rp 001 r A cmf (Kennedy Point Marina Acoustic Assessment).docx 23 of 24

24 APPENDIX A GLOSSARY OF TERMINOLOGY db dba L Aeq (t) L A10 (t) L A90 (t) L Amax L peak SEL TTS PTS Ambient Special Audible Characteristics NZS 6801:2008 NZS 6802:2008 Decibel (db) is the unit of sound level. Expressed as a logarithmic ratio of sound pressure (P) relative to a reference pressure (Pr), where db = 20 x log(p/pr). The convention is a reference pressure of Pr = 20 Pa in air and Pr = 1 Pa underwater. The unit of sound level which has its frequency characteristics modified by a filter (Aweighted) so as to more closely approximate the frequency bias of the human ear. A-weighting is used in airborne acoustics. The equivalent continuous (time-averaged) A-weighted sound level. This is commonly referred to as the average noise level. The suffix "t" represents the time period to which the noise level relates, e.g. (8 h) would represent a period of 8 hours, (15 min) would represent a period of 15 minutes and ( ) would represent a measurement time between 10 pm and 7 am. The A-weighted noise level equalled or exceeded for 10% of the measurement period. This is commonly referred to as the average maximum noise level. The A-weighted noise level equalled or exceeded for 90% of the measurement period. This is commonly referred to as the background noise level. The A-weighted maximum noise level. The highest noise level which occurs during the measurement period. The peak instantaneous pressure level recorded during the measurement period (normally not A-weighted). Sound exposure level (SEL) is the constant sound level acting for a reference period (typically a one second period in air and a 24 hour cumulative period underwater denoted by the addition of subscript cum ). It is the time-integrated, soundpressure-squared level. SEL is typically used to compare transient sound events having different time durations, pressure levels and temporal characteristics. Temporary Threshold Shift (TTS) is the temporary loss of hearing as a result of exposure to sound over time. Exposure to high levels of sound over relatively short time periods will cause the same amount of TTS as exposure to lower levels of sound over longer time periods. The mechanisms underlying TTS are not well understood, but there may be some temporary damage to the sensory hair cells. The duration of TTS varies depending on the nature of the stimulus, but there is generally recovery of full hearing over time. Permanent Threshold Shift (PTS) is the permanent loss of hearing caused by some kind of acoustic or trauma. PTS results in irreversible damage to the sensory hair cells of the ear, and thus a permanent loss of hearing The ambient noise level is the noise level measured in the absence of the intrusive noise or the noise requiring control. Ambient noise levels are frequently measured to determine the situation prior to the addition of a new noise source. Distinctive characteristics of a sound which are likely to subjectively cause adverse community response at lower levels than a sound without such characteristics. Examples are tonality (e.g. a hum or a whine) and impulsiveness (e.g. bangs or thumps). NZS 6801:2008 Acoustics Measurement of environmental sound NZS 6802:2008 Acoustics Environmental Noise I:\JOBS\2016\ A\01 Documents Out\Rp 001 r A cmf (Kennedy Point Marina Acoustic Assessment).docx 24 of 24