1. Classify the following statements about IDEAL gases as either true or false. If false, correct the statement to make it true:

Transcription

1 Unit 10: Gas Laws Review ÿ<ÿ ÿ 1. Classify the following statements about IDEAL gases as either true or false. If false, correct the statement to make it true: a. b. The particles are in constant motion. ]-'Cud The particles move in random curved paths. Iÿÿ.[ 5ÿ - -ÿ-ÿ iÿa-ÿt)t "ÿ t2!'d iÿ'ilÿrd [ÿ bl.'{-.sgÿliÿ %@. C, d. The average potential energy of the molecules of a gas is proportional to the temperature.,,ÿjÿ,ÿ -.-. ÿ.j ÿ.,,,, xlc, The gas particles attract and repel each other. [_ÿ2lt.[5ÿ..,ÿ ci d- ÿ ÿ iÿa-ÿ.vpÿ,ÿ' t>ÿ. ÿt ÿx[. ÿ, ÿ-ÿ. tÿ e. When gas particles collide, they transfer energy to and iÿrom one another. "(ÿ L i'- cj'2 {ÿ-ÿ-)-x ÿ- ÿ,ÿtt 2A4ÿgq,,(ÿil;..,. Jases particles are very small in size and relatively far apart from oneanother.-ÿ7 uÿ, For the following graphs, draw the correct relationship, label if the relationship between the two variables is direct or inverse, and give a real life example that supports the relationship. -, E o " Temperature Volume moles E o ",, Temperature :>,!... >, # ofp articles. A gas at constant temperature is in a container with a volume of 15 L. The container is contracted to 7.5 L. What will the pressure inside the container be if no gas has been removed? 'i3,v Lÿ.ÿ'+ l iq. td -". What is standard temperature and pressure (STP)? lg I<

2 For the following problems, write down which gas law you would use to solve the problem. Then solve for your unknown. Show all work! Make sure temperature is in Kelvins! 5. A closed, semi-flexible container with an initial volume of 5.2 L at 27 C and 1.2 atm is heated to 90 C while the container in expanded to 8300 ml. Determine the new pressure inside the container. " oÿ o cÿztz= gool< \z ÿ <ÿ0'ÿt+zygÿ- < iÿ -Q Ii -,ÿ oza<_ "ÿ _'ÿe'jl(.. -7;;7,,>.:L:ÿ-ÿ7-} 6. A cylinder with a movable piston contains a sample of gas naving a volume mj.u nmrs at -10 C and 2.0 atmosphere. What is the volume of the sample after the gas is heated to 363 K, while the pres,}ire is held at 2.0 atmosphere? V',,, "zt ÿ,d) L (ÿgo [ÿ{--:_ ÿ, 4j 5,el: J>:-? --ÿ " j= 2 ÿ ;ÿ k- 36ÿ :;all 7. A 7200 ml sample of gas is determined to contain 0.3 moles of hydrogen. At the same temperature and pressure, how many moles of gas would there be in a 25 L sample? How many grams would this be? ),,ÿ,- e.ÿ,ÿl,:l=! at,ÿ %-- z}ÿ,_-_4:),. -.,7,ÿ-& : rt, LL zwl o. <t ' Lÿ,ÿ _i- >-----,..'}ÿ.,, ÿ: 8. A gas was held at a constant temperature ill a closed system. The initial pressure of the gas was 532 mmhg, while its initial volume was L. The final volume of the gas was 4.50 L. What was the final pressure (in kpa) of the gas'? 9,ÿ. ÿ ÿz,ÿ,ÿ3 Iÿ',,ÿ ÿ '-lo,'ÿl ÿ<. F]v',ÿ?ÿ ÿ2,,t,_.ÿ.. "1,ÿÿ- ÿ 755 ÿ- 9. Ifa gas originally occupying 6.75 L at 19.2 C and mmhg is compressed to give a pressure of 1.26 atm at 26.4 C, what would the new volume be? 5( f... tt"ÿ" ÿo,q -- "... 1 Vÿ: +, Li'ÿ?abTÿi'":)ÿu)ÿz'i':'Tlÿ)t-_ÿl., P. l-" t

3 10. Read the two scenarios below and record your prediction in the space provided with justification about gas behavior. Use the variable bank to record which variable(s) were manipulated, responded and remained constant. Variable Bank (use each variable once) n (moles) P (pressure) V (volume) T (temperature) Scenario 1 2 Scenario I \ Two corks from an airtight seal at both ends of a rigid tube. While holding the tube with one hand, Ginny pushes the plunger into the tube with the other. pit I'ÿ9,)I p)l(ÿge{ [ogk I U(Y'ÿ (:ork What will happen to the air in the syringe? Justify your answer. ',.2,o ÿ. (ÿ-z:, i" ' II,.ÿc, ÿ,,tÿ ÿ Le,.:-)> O dq.b-c"l :--ÿ kvÿ,,ÿ,,z-e:ÿ,,{,{;ÿ':"ÿ ÿ 'H.C-ÿ"'& i.') Manipulated Variable 4 Responding Variables Constant Variables \ ÿ n ÿ -Fÿ Scenario 2 --? Scenario Angie filled a syringe with 5 ml of air at room temperature. After sealing the syringe with a syringe cap, Angle placed it in hot water bath. What will happen to the air in the syringe? Justify your answer. :.t.... ÿ...lÿ:ÿ,,,ÿ,-ÿ.,.),.ÿ be<ÿ- ÿ,.,--t ÿ. (. Manipulated Variable I Responding Variables i")? J Constant Variables 11. Rhoda's chemistry teacher asked each lab group to predict what would happen if they were to blow into a balloon placed inside of a soda bottle. Rhoda's lab partners each had a different prediction. {,, Cah The balloon will inflate to fill the bottle. Silvi: The balloon will inflate and partially fill the bottle. Barry: The balloon cannot be blown up inside of the bottle. f With which of Rhoda's lab partners do you agree the most? Explain why you agree. (a ÿc'jkv_ b#0l ÿ,d 14%_ dÿd.--c-sÿ.t!_ ÿ,-ÿ-,'-cc..

4 12. Scuba diving tanks are filled with a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen gas. The gas is under a very high pressure (3,000 psi) inside of the tank. When it leaves the tank and goes to the regulator, the pressure is much less (14.7 psi) resulting in a change in both volume of the gas and temperature. Explain how the change in pressure affects the gas as it leaves the scuba tank. In your response, be sure to include: How the change in pressure affects the volume of the gas. How this change in the volume affect the temperature of the gas. A description of what is happening on the molecular level. if]. " i ({] d7 13. Each of these flasks contains the same number of molecules. In which container is the pressure highest? Flask 1 F!0+lÿ- t Flask 2 FLask 3 Fÿask 4 " " ÿ" '" " -ÿ2 (7ÿ ÿ rÿ,.ÿo ÿ_.ÿ ÿi..ÿ,ÿ.,ÿ,kÿ, ldi, ÿ-ÿ,vÿ, ÿo,vÿ ÿ &:{Lÿ:ÿns ÿ,ÿ.ÿÿa.<_ 14. If all of the following flasks are the same size, at the same temperature, and contain the same number of molecules, in which flask will the pressure be highest? Flask t Flask 2 Fÿask 3 Flask 4 l 5. You have a balloon that contains helium. Be specific in your answers. What could you do to the balloon in order to double the volume?

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