Mechanical Design Patterns

Transcription

1 Mechanical Design Patterns Jonathan Hey BiD lunch :: April 27 th 2005

2 What this is Sharing Interesting Multi-way with a caveat or two

3 What I ll talk about What are they A little evolution Architectural Patterns Software Patterns Mechanical design patterns TRIZ The Contradiction Matrix and Inventive Principles An exercise Some comparisons, thoughts and opportunities

4 What are design patterns Each pattern describes a problem which occurs over and and over again in in our our environment, and and then describes the the core of of the the solution to to that that problem, in in such a way that that you you can can use use this this solution a million times over, without ever doing it it the the same way twice. (from A Pattern Language, Alexander et et al. al. 1977) A pattern is is the the abstraction from a concrete form which keeps recurring in in specific non-arbitrary contexts. (from "Understanding and and Using Patterns in in Software Development", Dirk Riehleand Heinz Zullighoven )) "Patterns communicate insights into into design problems, capturing the the essence of of the the problems and and their solutions in in a compact form. They describe the the problem in in depth, the the rationale for for the the solution, and and some of of the the trade-offs in in applying the the solution. (from The The Design of of Sites, Van Duyne et et al. al. 2003)!

5 Design Patterns A (very) little history

6 Christopher Alexander Patterns for Architecture The Timeless Way of Building A Pattern Language The Oregon Experiment Towns, buildings, construction Levels Network A language "

7 Christopher Alexander!! "# "# " "!! "$ "$ %&"' ""( %("(& ((!) ((!) "( "*&!!&$%!"!(!( # # "+ "+ " " + + & &!'!' ' '!!!#!# $ $ + + " " "", "", -' -' ""$ " ",,.'.' "!, &/ &/ 0!% "+ "+ % % + + & & # #!$!$ ("(1(!! + + ("&#!! "$ "$ " " ""! (+ (+ ""( '""$* *# *# 2&%" (*+ (*+ " " "+ "+ " " "' 33!(!( "$(" "$(" &456*7 &456* *":;< =6, 49=6, A Pattern Language Alexander et al., 1977 Image:

8 Software Patterns Creational Abstract Factory Builder Factory method Prototype Singleton Structural Adapter Bridge Composite Decorator Façade Flyweight Proxy Gamma et al. (Gang of Four) #

9 Gamma et al. Patterns 2 Behavioral Chain of Responsibility Command Interpreter Iterator Mediator Memento Observer State Strategy Template method Visitor $

10 The Design of Sites Patterns, principles and processes for crafting a customer-centered web experience Ubiquitous Computing Eric Chung, Jason I. Hong, James Lin, Madhu K. Prabaker, James A. Landay, Alan L. Liu. Design Patterns for Ubiquitous Computing. In Proceedings of Designing Interactive Systems Cambridge, Massachusetts. August, 2004.

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12 TRIZ The Theory of Inventive Problem-Solving

13 Analysis of 2.5 million patents The same Problems and Solutions occur again and again The most powerful solutions uncover and eliminate contradictions The best solutions make effective use of available resources Technological trends are predictable

14 A patent Patent No. : US 6,061,834 Title : Air ventilation safety helmet Issue Date : May 16, 2000 The helmet ventilation device described in the previous art has two ventilation slits on the front surface so that the air can flow into the helmet. Although such ventilation slits are equipped with a device to avoid water leakage, the device usually fails to function normally. When it rains, the rain can easily leak into the helmet through the ventilation slits causing discomfort. In the present invention, there is provided an air ventilation safety helmet comprising a molded helmet body defining a recessed interior for receiving therein the head of the motorcyclist and an air funnel which is attached to the molded helmet by means of a rubber band, a spring, a screw, or the like. When it rains or it is cold, the air funnel can be rotated to prevent the cold air from flowing into the helmet and to avoid water leakage.!

15 A patent Patent No. : US 6,061,834 Title : Air ventilation safety helmet Issue Date : May 16, 2000 Improving Feature: 17 - Temperature The helmet ventilation device described in the previous art has two ventilation slits on the front surface so that the air can flow into the helmet. Although such ventilation slits are equipped with a device to avoid water leakage, the device usually fails to function normally. When it rains, the rain can easily leak into the helmet through the ventilation slits causing discomfort. In the present invention, there is provided an air ventilation safety helmet comprising a molded helmet body defining a recessed interior for receiving therein the head of the motorcyclist and an air funnel which is attached to the molded helmet by means of a rubber band, a spring, a screw, or the like. When it rains or it is cold, the air funnel can be rotated to prevent the cold air from flowing into the helmet and to avoid water leakage.

16 A patent Patent No. : US 6,061,834 Title : Air ventilation safety helmet Issue Date : May 16, 2000 Improving Feature: 17 - Temperature Worsening Feature: 30 External harm affects the object The helmet ventilation device described in the previous art has two ventilation slits on the front surface so that the air can flow into the helmet. Although such ventilation slits are equipped with a device to avoid water leakage, the device usually fails to function normally. When it rains, the rain can easily leak into the helmet through the ventilation slits causing discomfort. In the present invention, there is provided an air ventilation safety helmet comprising a molded helmet body defining a recessed interior for receiving therein the head of the motorcyclist and an air funnel which is attached to the molded helmet by means of a rubber band, a spring, a screw, or the like. When it rains or it is cold, the air funnel can be rotated to prevent the cold air from flowing into the helmet and to avoid water leakage. "

17 A patent Patent No. : US 6,061,834 Title : Air ventilation safety helmet Issue Date : May 16, 2000 Improving Feature: 17 - Temperature Worsening Feature: 30 External harm affects the object The helmet ventilation device described in the previous art has two ventilation slits on the front surface so that the air can flow into the helmet. Although such ventilation slits are equipped with a device to avoid water leakage, the device usually fails to function normally. When it rains, the rain can easily leak into the helmet through the ventilation slits causing discomfort. In the present invention, there is provided an air ventilation safety helmet comprising a molded helmet body defining a recessed interior for receiving therein the head of the motorcyclist and an air funnel which is attached to the molded helmet by means of a rubber band, a spring, a screw, or the like. When it rains or it is cold, the air funnel can be rotated to prevent the cold air from flowing into the helmet and to avoid water leakage. Principle used: 15a Dynamics

18 What is TRIZ #

19 What is TRIZ Problem Solution Abstract Specific $

20 What s like patterns Somebody somewhere has already solved your problem An encapsulated problem and common, good, solutions

21 The Contradiction Matrix A matrix of common problems and common, good, solutions

22 Courtesy of CREAX

23 Inventive Principles! Courtesy of CREAX

24 Inventive Principles 1. Segmentation 2. Taking out 3. Local Quality 4. Asymmetry 5. Merging 6. Universality 7. Nested Doll 8. Counterweight 9. Prior Counter-Action 10. Prior Action 11. Prior Cushioning 12. Equipotentiality 13. The Other Way Round 14. Curvature 15. Dynamics 16. Partial or Excessive Action 17. Another Dimension 18. Mechanical Vibration 19. Periodic Action 20. Continuity of Useful Action 21. Skipping 22. Blessing in Disguise 23. Feedback 24. Intermediary 25. Self-Service 26. Copying 27. Cheap/Short Living 28. Mechanics Substitution 29. Pneumatics and Hydraulics 30. Flexible Shells/Thin Films 31. Porous Materials 32. Colour Changes 33. Homogeneity 34. Discarding and Recovering 35. Parameter Changes 36. Phase Transitions 37. Thermal Expansion 38. Strong Oxidants 39. Inert Atmosphere 40. Composite Materials

25 Chocolate liqueurs A company that makes chocolate liqueurs The liqueur is viscous and is hard to pour fast Heating the liqueur reduces the viscosity and allows them to pour faster But when it gets too hot the chocolate melts How can they fill the chocolates faster? 1. Formulate the conflicting parameters 2. Find the inventive principles 3. Generate some possible solutions " Originally from An suddenly an inventor appeared Altshuller Image:

26 Comparisons, thoughts, opportunities Similar goal Structure People and technology How generic Best used together A language A vocabulary for problem-solving Other fields Education, Biology, Business, Software

27 Comparisons, thoughts, opportunities Explicitness of stating the problem Levels but some principles are used more than others Auto extraction A language for the principles build the network Your thoughts #

28 Thank you $