CONTENTS INTRODUCTION

Transcription

1

2

3 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 3 HAZARD CLASSIFICATIONS, APPROVALS AND CONTROLS 7 HSNO approvals 8 How substances are classified 8 Controls (rules) for managing hazardous substances 10 KEEP SAFE WITH HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES 13 Hazardous substances can damage your health 14 Assess exposure to hazardous substances 15 Prevent exposure 16 Control exposure 17 Train your staff 20 HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE INFORMATION 23 Label all hazardous substances 24 Symbols on labels 24 Safety data sheets 30 Signs 31 STORE HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES SAFELY 35 Decanting 36 Incompatibles 37 Gas cylinders 38 Oxy-acetylene welding 40 Flammable substances 40 EMERGENCY PREPARATION 43 Prepare for an emergency 44 Spill kits 45 Fire extinguishers 46 Secondary containment 47 Emergency response plans 48 TEST CERTIFICATES 51 Approved handler test certificates 52 Approved filler test certificates 54 Location test certificates 55 Stationary container system test certificates 56 TRACKING VERY HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES 57 FURTHER INFORMATION 61 Resources 62 Glossary 63

4 2 INTRODUCTION This guide should be read in conjunction with the Health and Safety at Work Act 2015 and its regulations. First published May 2013 Updated and republished June 2016 DISCLAIMER WorkSafe New Zealand has made every endeavour to ensure the information in this booklet is accurate and current. However, WorkSafe may change, delete, a to, or otherwise amend the information at any time without notice. The information provided is not in substitution or in any way an alteration to the laws of New Zealand. WorkSafe does not accept any responsibility or liability to any person, whether in contract, equity or tort, or under any other legal principle, for any direct or indirect losses or damage of any kind arising from the use of this booklet and the information provided in it. If you find any information in this booklet that you believe may be inaccurate, or you would like to provide any feedback, please hsinfo@worksafe.govt.nz.

5 INTRODUCTION THIS BOOKLET IS A REFERENCE GUIDE KEY HSNO CONTROLS HSWA AND HSNO WORK TOGETHER HOW HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES ARE REGULATED UNDER HSNO WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR WORKPLACE SAFETY? 3

6 4 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION New Zealanders use products with hazardous properties (hazardous substances) on a daily basis both at home and at work. Around 150,000 workplaces throughout New Zealand use hazardous substances. Unfortunately though, because of this frequent use, it s easy to take them for granted. Common hazardous substances like commercial cleaning products, paints, adhesives, acids, bases and solvents can cause serious harm when they aren t used safely. A lack of understanding about the harm that can occur is a serious problem with serious consequences. It s estimated that between New Zealanders die from occupational illness every year. Many of these deaths are from exposure to hazardous substances. WHAT ARE HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES? Hazardous substances are substances that are explosive, flammable, oxidising, toxic, corrosive or toxic to the environment (ecotoxic). A hazardous substance may be a single chemical or a mixture of both hazardous and non-hazardous chemicals. Most products used in the workplace are a mixture of chemicals. In this booklet the words product and substance may be used interchangeably. THIS BOOKLET IS A REFERENCE GUIDE This booklet is for employers who own or manage small businesses. It helps you manage the hazardous substances you use and store at work more safely. It includes information about both the Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) legislation and the Health and Safety at Work (HSW) legislation. The focus of this booklet is how to safely use and store hazardous substances at work. This booklet is a reference guide and gives you information about what you need to do and how to do it. Some of the information is repeated in different sections if it relates to more than one subject. There is also a glossary at the back, which explains some of the terms used in this booklet. It is designed to be used in conjunction with the Workbook and the HSNO Calculator. While this booklet gives you information about HSNO controls, the only way to work out which controls apply to you is to know the type and amount of hazardous substances you ve got. The Workbook explains how to prepare an inventory (list) of all of your hazardous substances. A template of a hazardous substance inventory is given in the Workbook. When you enter the details of your inventory into the HSNO Calculator, it will work out which of the key HSNO controls you need to have in place to safely manage your substances. To use the HSNO Calculator you will need access to a computer and the internet.

7 INTRODUCTION 5 This booklet is not designed to provide information for manufacturers about how to label hazardous substances or how to prepare safety data sheets. The Toolbox is designed to be used with all approved hazardous substances except for explosives. It also does not cover rules made by district, city or regional councils. So you will need to check with your council to find out if there are specific rules for managing hazardous substances in your region. KEY HSNO CONTROLS The Hazardous Substances Toolbox focuses on health and safety principles and key HSNO controls that increase workplace safety. It helps you improve your level of compliance with HSNO but it does not contain information about every rule under the HSNO legislation. For example, the booklet does not provide detailed information about transport or disposal of substances. HSE AND HSNO WORK TOGETHER HSW and HSNO are laws that work together to keep people safe. HSNO is intended to protect people, communities and the environment from the adverse effects of hazardous substances. The HSW Act (HSWA) aims to prevent harm to all people at a workplace and near that workplace. This means employers must manage the hazards present in the workplace and take all practicable steps to eliminate or minimise significant hazards. Hazardous substances are one of the hazards that need to be managed under HSWA. HSNO sets out performance standards that must be met to ensure hazardous substances are managed safely and expands on the HSWA requirements. It s important to note that you may need to take safety measures beyond what s required by HSNO to prevent harm to people in your workplace. Some aitional steps relevant to HSWA are described in Keep safe with hazardous substances, page 13. HOW HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES ARE REGULATED UNDER HSNO Hazardous substances are regulated under HSNO based on the risks they pose to people and the environment. The hazardous properties of a substance are classified (put into groups) to determine how the risks can be managed. Most hazardous substances have more than one hazardous property and therefore have more than one classification.

8 6 INTRODUCTION Each new hazardous substance imported or manufactured in New Zealand must be approved and have its classifications determined. Depending on its classification, rules are placed on a substance to manage the risks posed by that substance. These rules are known as controls. The controls vary depending on the risk associated with the hazardous substance. The risks come from the hazardous properties of the substance, the amount present and the way it s used. Some controls are always needed no matter what hazardous substances you use and store. Others are needed only when you have amounts of hazardous substances that are over certain limits (thresholds). So, the HSNO controls will differ depending on the type and amount of hazardous substances you use and store. This booklet focuses on the controls for using and storing hazardous substances safely. These rules are key to keeping people safe at work. WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR WORKPLACE SAFETY? Everyone has a role to play in keeping themselves and their workmates safe. The person conducting a business or undertaking (PCBU) has a legal responsibility to make the workplace safe for staff and people visiting the workplace. PCBUs are expected to identify and assess hazards and manage those hazards by eliminating or minimising them in that order of preference. As a PCBU, if you can t eliminate the use of a hazardous substance, you must provide the right safety gear for your staff and train them about the risks from hazardous substances and how they can protect themselves. Staff must also take responsibility to look after themselves at work. Staff need to ask questions about the risks of the hazardous substances they use and make sure they aren t putting themselves or their workmates at risk. Staff must also correctly use the safety and personal protective equipment provided at their workplace. PERSON IN CHARGE HSNO assigns duties to the person in charge. The person in charge is the person that is in control of the part of the workplace that uses and stores hazardous substances. The role is similar to the PCBU under HSWA. In a small workplace the person in charge may be the manager or owner of the business. In a larger operation with multiple locations and activities, several people could be designated persons in charge. Because this booklet is designed for small businesses (0-5 employees) we refer to the PCBU throughout the booklet rather than the person in charge. If you would like more information about the duties of the person in charge, please contact WorkSafe,

9 HAZARD CLASSIFICATIONS, APPROVALS AND CONTROLS HSNO APPROVALS HOW SUBSTANCES ARE CLASSIFIED CONTROLS (RULES) FOR MANAGING HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES 7

10 8 HAZARD CLASSIFICATIONS, APPROVALS AND CONTROLS HAZARD CLASSIFICATIONS, APPROVALS AND CONTROLS HSNO APPROVALS Most products used by small industrial businesses will be approved under a group standard approval. A group standard is an approval for a group of similar substances or products that have a similar use. The manufacturer or importer can assign a product to a group standard by making sure that the product has only the classifications that are allowable within the scope of the group standard. If the product meets the scope of the standard, the product is considered to be approved. A HSNO approval sets out the rules (also called controls) for managing the risks of a hazardous substance. THE HSNO APPROVAL NUMBER IS ON THE SAFETY DATA SHEET HSNO approval numbers are usually found in Section 15: Regulatory Information of your safety data sheet and look like the following example: HSR If you can t find the approval number on your safety data sheet, contact your supplier. HOW SUBSTANCES ARE CLASSIFIED Hazardous substances can be classified under one of several similar systems. In New Zealand, the HSNO system is used. Substances manufactured overseas may use another system. The HSNO system is based on the United Nations (UN) dangerous goods classification system for transport and the Globally Harmonised System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS). HAZARD CLASSIFICATION The classification for your product should be listed in the Hazards Identification section of the safety data sheet, usually found in Section 2. Section 15 of the safety data sheet may also have information specific to HSNO.

11 HAZARD CLASSIFICATIONS, APPROVALS AND CONTROLS 9 HSNO CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM 6. 3 A CLASS SUBCLASS DEGREE OF HAZARD The HSNO system uses numbered classes and subclasses to indicate the hazardous properties of a substance. For example, for a substance classified as 6.3A: 6 is the class, which indicates the substance is toxic to people 3 is the subclass, which indicates the type of toxicity, for example, irritating to the skin, and the letter A indicates the degree of hazard, with A being the highest hazard. Therefore a hazardous substance classified as 6.3A is highly irritating to the skin. The HSNO classes are: Class 1 explosives (note that this booklet does not provide information about explosives) Class 2 flammable gases Class 3 flammable liquids Class 4 flammable solids Class 5 oxidising substances Class 6 substances toxic to people Class 8 corrosive substances Class 9 substances that are toxic to the environment. Dangerous goods class 6.2 (infectious substances) and class 7, radioactive materials, are not regulated under HSNO but must be managed under HSWA when used and stored in the workplace. Most hazardous substances have more than one classification Most hazardous substances will have more than one hazardous property and therefore more than one classification. For example, petrol is classified as a 3.1A (highly flammable liquid), 6.1E (acutely toxic may be harmful, aspiration hazard), 6.3B (mildly irritating to the skin), 6.7B (suspected human carcinogen) and 9.1B (toxic to the aquatic environment).

12 10 HAZARD CLASSIFICATIONS, APPROVALS AND CONTROLS UNITED NATIONS TRANSPORT CLASSES AND PACKING GROUPS If you don t have the HSNO classifications for products approved under group standards you can use the United Nations (UN) classification and packing groups in the HSNO Calculator. Most safety data sheets will include the UN classes and packing groups because these are used internationally when transporting dangerous goods. The UN classes and packing groups are found in the Transport Information section of your safety data sheet. In a 16 header safety data sheet, this is section 14. The packing group determines the standard of packaging to be used depending on how dangerous a hazardous substance is. There are three packing groups, I II and III (high, medium or low danger). Packing group I is used for the most dangerous substances. An example of what to look for in section 14 is shown below (toluene is used as an example): UN NUMBER 1294 PROPER SHIPPING NAME CLASS 3 PACKING GROUP TOLUENE II If you don t have the HSNO classification for your products approved under group standards you need to include the UN class and the packing group in the HSNO Calculator. CONTROLS (RULES) FOR MANAGING HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES Controls are rules put in place to prevent or manage the adverse effects of hazardous substances. The controls for substances differ depending on their hazard classification and their particular approval. CONTROLS THAT ARE ALWAYS NEEDED A list of all of the hazardous substances you use and store To safely manage your hazardous substances you need to know what you ve got. Make a list of all of the hazardous substances used and stored at your workplace. See your Workbook. An assessment of the hazards followed by elimination, isolation, minimisation of hazards Hazardous substances can be harmful to people s health. Learn about the hazards of each hazardous substance, and assess who will be exposed and in what way. You then need to either get rid of the hazardous substance or isolate the use of the substance away from people. If you can t eliminate or isolate the substance you

13 HAZARD CLASSIFICATIONS, APPROVALS AND CONTROLS 11 need to minimise your staff s exposure to it using controls, such as ventilation, safer work practices, and personal protective equipment. See Keep safe with hazardous substances, page 13. Staff training to use and store substances safely Staff need to be trained to use and store hazardous substances safely. See Keep safe with hazardous substances, page 13 and Store hazardous substances safely, page 35. Preparing for an emergency Make sure that your staff and workplace are prepared for an emergency. See Emergency preparation, page 43. ADDITIONAL CONTROLS THAT MAY BE NEEDED If you have particular types or amounts of hazardous substances, you may have to comply with aitional controls. The HSNO Calculator will help you work out what key HSNO controls apply to you. Fire extinguishers Signs If you have flammable or oxidising substances, you may need a specific type and number of fire extinguishers. However, even if it s not legally required, it s best practice to always have fire extinguishers at your workplace. Fire extinguishers are used to put out fires before they reach the hazardous substances used and stored at your workplace. See Emergency preparation, page 43. Depending on the types and amounts of hazardous substances you use or store, you may need signs to warn people that hazardous substances are present. Although signs are only required when you have certain amounts of hazardous substances, it s best practice to always have them. See Hazardous substance information, page 23. Approved handlers If you have very toxic substances or amounts of flammable or oxidising substances over certain limits, one or more of your staff may need to be trained and certified as an approved handler. This is someone who has specific knowledge and experience about how to handle particular hazardous substances and has received a test certificate from a test certifier. See Test certificates, page 51. A location test certificate If you have flammable or oxidising substances at your workplace, you may need a location test certificate. This certifies that you are managing your flammable or oxidising substances in accordance with the rules. Test certificates are issued by test certifiers. See Test certificates, page 51.

14 12 HAZARD CLASSIFICATIONS, APPROVALS AND CONTROLS Hazardous atmosphere zones A hazardous atmosphere zone surrounds a place where flammable substances are used or stored and flammable vapours may be present. Within these zones, special precautions must be taken to prevent unintended ignition so that a fire or explosion does not occur. See Store hazardous substances safely, page 35. Emergency response plan An emergency response plan is a written document that covers what will be done and who is responsible for doing each task if an emergency were to occur involving your hazardous substances. See Emergency preparation, page 43. Secondary containment (bunding) A secondary containment system ensures that liquid substances can be contained if they leak or spill from the container or vessel they are stored in. See Emergency preparation, page 43. CONTROLS THAT MAY BE NEEDED NOT COVERED BY THE CALCULATOR The controls below are not covered by the HSNO Calculator but guidance about what to do is provided in this booklet. An approved filler test certificate Everyone at your business who fills compressed gas containers must have an approved filler test certificate. An approved filler is someone who has the necessary training, knowledge and skills to fill compressed gas containers safely, and has obtained an approved filler test certificate from a test certifier. See Test certificates, page 51. A stationary container system test certificate A stationary container system is a fixed tank or process container and its associated equipment, pipe work and fittings. If you have a stationary tank containing a gas or liquid hazardous substance you may need a stationary container system test certificate. This certifies that your tank is safe and complies with the rules. See Test certificates, page 51. Controlled zones A controlled zone is an area around a flammable or oxidising substance. Within that area, ignition sources must be controlled and access must be limited to authorised personnel to protect the general public. See Store hazardous substances safely, page 35. Tracking Tracking is a record of what happens to a substance and who is responsible for it. The employer must keep records and track very hazardous substances from import or manufacture, to distribution and transport, through to use or disposal. See Tracking very hazardous substances, page 57.

15 KEEP SAFE WITH HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES CAN DAMAGE YOUR HEALTH ASSESS EXPOSURE TO HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES PREVENT EXPOSURE CONTROL EXPOSURE MONITOR EXPOSURE TRAIN YOUR STAFF 13

16 14 KEEP SAFE WITH HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES KEEP SAFE WITH HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES CAN DAMAGE YOUR HEALTH Some of the risks from hazardous substances are obvious. For example, highly flammable substances like petrol, acetone or methylated spirits must be kept away from an open flame to prevent a fire or an explosion. Serious accidents involving these hazardous substances do happen, but it s important to also be aware of the less obvious harm caused by exposure to hazardous substances. This harm results from people being exposed to hazardous substances at work in three main ways: Breathing in toxic vapours, dusts, mists, gases or fumes from hazardous substances. If you can smell a hazardous substance, you are breathing it in. But you need to be aware that your sense of smell can become overloaded and even though you may no longer be able to smell the substance, it might still be in the air. Aitionally, some toxic hazardous substances don t have a smell, so you shouldn t use smell as the only indicator that hazardous substances are present. How hazardous substances enter the body Inhalation Hazardous substances getting onto your skin can be absorbed through your skin and enter your blood stream. Being swallowed or ingested. Hazardous substances can be swallowed accidentally, for example, if you eat or smoke without washing your hands after using them. Skin absorption Ingestion

17 KEEP SAFE WITH HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES 15 The vapours from solvents are particularly dangerous and affect different people in different ways. Immediate effects from solvent exposure include headaches, forgetfulness, drowsiness, feeling dizzy and/or nauseous, irritability and mood changes, and irritation of the eyes, lungs and skin. Long-term effects are sometimes not so obvious but can be more serious and cause personality changes, sleep disorders, memory loss, cancer, damage to internal organs like the liver and kidneys, damage to an unborn child, fertility problems, and even death. These serious health risks are why it s so important to safely manage the hazardous substances at your workplace and protect your health and the health of your staff. You need to make managing hazardous substances safely part of the safety culture at your workplace. To be successful you need: commitment from all staff members to learn from past mistakes, and to continually review what you do. Keeping safe with hazardous substances is not something you can do once and then put aside. Taking the time to safely manage your hazardous substances now can prevent accidents and save money and lives later. ASSESS EXPOSURE TO HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES Because of the serious health effects that can be caused by hazardous substances, you must determine the extent of the risk to staff and others from exposure to hazardous substances while at work. It s only after a full assessment has been done that the appropriate control measures, training and monitoring can be put in place. Generally, you need to try to reduce exposure by controls other than personal protective equipment. 1. MAKE A LIST OF ALL OF YOUR SUBSTANCES First, prepare an inventory using the Workbook to make a list of all of the substances used and stored at your workplace. Include all substances to begin with; even the ones you might think are not hazardous. 2. DETERMINE WHETHER YOUR SUBSTANCES ARE HAZARDOUS Next, determine whether your substances are hazardous or not. To do this, read the substance label for warnings. Also read the safety data sheet, especially the Hazards Identification section to find out whether the product is hazardous. Check the Toxicological Information section of the safety data sheet to find out about health risks.

18 16 KEEP SAFE WITH HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES 3. DETERMINE WHO COULD BE EXPOSED Think about which staff work directly with hazardous substances and which staff may come into contact with them by working in the surrounding area where a substance is used. This is best done by observing your staff at work and discussing work practices with them. Also think about people who may come into contact with substances on contaminated surfaces (such as cleaners). Don t forget to include people who don t directly use hazardous substances such as contractors, visitors and other workers who may still be exposed to vapours. 4. DETERMINE HOW PEOPLE COULD BE EXPOSED Consider whether the people you have identified in (3) could be exposed by breathing in the substance, ingesting the substance or absorbing the substance through their skin. 5. DETERMINE THE DEGREE OF EXPOSURE. To determine the degree of exposure you will need to know the concentration of the substance during exposure and how long and how often people are exposed to the substance. Look carefully at the work processes. You are unlikely to be able to accurately assess the degree of exposure yourself. This assessment usually involves measuring air concentrations of hazardous substances or measuring hazardous substances in urine or blood. If you need help doing this assessment there are health and safety consultants who can assist you. Check the Yellow Pages or search the internet for consultants in your area. PREVENT EXPOSURE Some hazardous substances may be created as by-products or waste from work processes - so remember to include these in your exposure assessment. After conducting your assessment you need to decide the best ways of keeping your staff safe. The best way to prevent harm is to get rid of, or eliminate, hazardous substances. If you can t eliminate a hazardous substance, you need to make sure that people are exposed to as little as possible by engineering controls, administrative controls and personal protective equipment. When you make decisions about how to keep your staff safe, remember to consider the health status of your staff. For example, people with asthma may have trouble breathing if they have to wear a respirator. Pregnant women should not work with hazardous substances that can harm a developing baby.

19 KEEP SAFE WITH HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES 17 ELIMINATE Getting rid of a very hazardous substance altogether from your workplace is the best solution. If you have a very hazardous substance, ask your supplier if there are any safer alternatives on the market. For example, solvent based inks can sometimes be replaced by vegetable oil based inks. If there is a safer alternative, you will still need to consider the risks associated with that product. Also ask yourself: Are there hazardous substances I no longer use? Am I storing more hazardous substances than I need? Reducing your amounts of hazardous substances may reduce your compliance needs and could therefore reduce costs. Are there hazardous substances that I can t identify? All hazardous substances must be labelled it s not safe to use or store a hazardous substance if you don t know what it is. If you answer yes to any of these questions, arrange to have the hazardous substance you no longer need disposed of safely. Check the safety data sheet for disposal information. If necessary, contact your local council for advice on how to dispose of the hazardous substance safely or choose a specialist chemical waste disposal company by searching the Yellow Pages or the internet. CONTROL EXPOSURE If you can t eliminate your staff s exposure to hazardous substances, you must minimise it as much as possible. Generally, there are three ways of doing this: engineering controls, administrative controls and personal protective equipment. Engineering controls You can minimise the extent to which people are exposed to hazardous substances by using engineering controls, such as ventilation.

20 18 KEEP SAFE WITH HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES This illustration was taken from Safe Work Australia s Code of practice: Managing risks of Hazardous Chemicals in the Workplace. The most effective engineering controls are ones that result in the hazardous substance being contained or prevented from reaching staff. Ventilation is also important to reduce staff exposure. Ventilation can also reduce the potential for a fire or explosion by diluting flammable vapours in the air around where hazardous substances are used or stored. Local exhaust ventilation is a type of ventilation that captures contaminants at, or very near, the source and exhausts them outside. Local exhaust ventilation systems should be installed and frequently maintained by a specialist, such as a ventilation engineer or health and safety specialist. This is important because it is easy to assume that, since a ventilation system is present, the amount of hazardous substances in the air will not damage people s health. But if the ventilation system is not properly maintained, or is not sufficient for the job, it may provide little or no protection for staff. Administration controls You can also minimise exposure to substances by setting up certain work processes, or administration controls, to make work a safer place. Examples of administration controls are: job rotation, which reduces the length of time someone is exposed to a hazardous substance restricting access to areas where hazardous substances are used not allowing smoking or eating in areas where hazardous substances are used, and keeping the lids on your hazardous substances. This is one of the easiest ways to minimise exposure as it prevents vapours from hazardous substances escaping into the air that you and your staff breathe. Keeping flammable vapours out of the air also prevents them from building up in your workplace and reduces the risk of an explosion if they were accidentally ignited.

21 KEEP SAFE WITH HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES 19 Personal protective equipment (PPE) If you have reduced your staff s exposure to hazardous substances as much as possible using other means, like ventilation, and there are still some staff who might be exposed to hazardous substances, you need to provide those staff with the correct protective clothing and equipment. Staff are entitled to receive the PPE necessary to do their job safely at no cost to them, or they can provide their own suitable PPE if they wish. Staff must be trained on when and why they need the protective clothing and equipment and how to use, clean and store it properly. PPE suppliers can help with this training. The type of PPE needed depends on the particular hazardous substance you are trying to minimise exposure to and the level of hazardous substance in the air at your workplace. Check the label or safety data sheet for each hazardous substance to determine the hazards of the substance and what precautions need to be taken. The safety data sheet will include information about what personal protective clothing and equipment should be used. When choosing PPE ask a health and safety specialist, or your supplier for help and explain to them what job the PPE will be used for. Choose products that meet New Zealand and/or Australian Standards. Examples of personal protective equipment Eyes To protect your eyes from hazardous substances splashing into them use safety glasses, goggles, face-shields or visors. Breathing Dusts, vapours, mists, fumes and gases can be inhaled when using hazardous substances. Half or full-face respirators, air-fed helmets or breathing apparatus can protect staff from inhaling hazardous substances. Body Overalls can help to protect the body from hazardous substances. Hands and arms Gloves made out of a suitable material should be worn when handling hazardous substances. Feet and legs Suitable footwear should be worn to protect feet. This could include safety boots or closed-toe shoes.

22 20 KEEP SAFE WITH HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES The effectiveness of PPE is dependent on staff using it correctly. If the wrong PPE is used, or it is not fitted correctly, it might not provide adequate protection. The best way of determining whether your staff use it properly is to discuss usage with them and to observe them wearing it while they are working and what they do with it once they have finished the job. You also need to make sure that PPE is frequently maintained. MONITOR EXPOSURE If your staff may be exposed to hazardous substances through their work, it s important that their health is frequently monitored to check that the minimisation techniques you have adopted are sufficient and the health of your staff is protected. This monitoring might be, for example, testing respiratory function. You also need to monitor their exposure to substances so you can determine if the control measures and personal protective equipment you have in place are sufficient. This could include air monitoring as well as monitoring the blood and urine of your staff. The results of air monitoring may be compared to workplace exposure standards (WES). A WES refers to the level of a substance in the air that is believed to be safe for nearly all workers repeatedly exposed, day after day, to that substance. The values are usually calculated based on exposure over eight hours, 15 minutes or, in some cases, instantaneous exposure. You must make sure that your staff are not exposed to levels of hazardous substances that exceed a WES. The monitoring of hazardous substances in the air and comparing these results to a WES should be done by a specialist such as an occupational hygienist. TRAIN YOUR STAFF It s really important that staff understand both the harm that can be caused by the hazardous substances they use and how they can protect themselves. Training your staff about the substances they use is therefore another important step in keeping your workplace safe. The training should include what you have in place to reduce exposure to hazardous substances, for example, ventilation or safe ways of dispensing hazardous substances. Training on why personal protective equipment must be worn, and how to use, clean and store it safely is also essential. You will need to take extra time to help staff who have difficulties with reading and people whose first language is not English.

23 KEEP SAFE WITH HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES 21 Your Toolbox includes five safety animations for staff to highlight some of the things that can go wrong when not using hazardous substances safely. These animations can be found on the Toolbox website at Your Toolbox also contains two posters to help your staff understand the risks of working with hazardous substances. Put these posters up where they can be clearly seen to constantly remind staff about safety. CHECKLIST WHAT YOUR STAFF NEED TO KNOW A template for using this checklist as part of your staff training is available in your Workbook. Is the employee aware of the harm that can be caused from each hazardous substance they use at work? Is the employee aware of how to safely store, use or dispose of each substance they use? Does the employee understand what control measures are in place at the workplace to reduce exposure and keep safe? Has the employee been provided with the correct safety equipment and personal protective equipment? Has the employee been trained to use the safety equipment and personal protective equipment? Does the employee know where the safety data sheets are kept and have access to them? Does the employee know what to do in an emergency involving the substances they use? Has the employee been trained to use the first aid equipment to deal with splashes and other incidents? ) ) Does the employee understand the importance of asking their supervisor questions if they are unsure about how to safely use or store a hazardous substance?

24 22 KEEP SAFE WITH HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES FURTHER INFORMATION The resources below contain some good generic information about managing the risks of hazardous substances. WorkSafe Approved Code of Practice: Substances Hazardous to Health. Safe Work Australia Code of Practice: Managing the risks of hazardous chemicals in the workplace. Links to these documents can be found on the following websites:

25 HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE INFORMATION LABEL ALL HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES SYMBOLS ON LABELS SAFETY DATA SHEETS SIGNS 23

26 24 HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE INFORMATION HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE INFORMATION Labels, safety data sheets and signs are all sources of information that warn people about the risks of the hazardous substances at your workplace. LABEL ALL HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES Manufacturers and suppliers must sell you products that are correctly labelled, but you must make sure that the label stays on the container and continues to be readable. If a hazardous substance is decanted from one container into another, the receiving container must also be labelled. It s never safe to have hazardous substances in unlabelled containers because people may become confused about what hazardous substance they are using and not take the necessary safety precautions. Never put hazardous substances in food or drink containers because people may eat or drink them by mistake. Staff must always read the label before using a hazardous substance so they know what they are dealing with. SYMBOLS ON LABELS Many countries are adopting the GHS system 1 of labelling hazardous products. Part of this system includes the use of symbols (pictograms) to immediately warn people about the hazards of products. You are likely to see these symbols or the transport of dangerous goods symbols more and more often on the labels of your products. The symbols to look out for on products are shown in the table on pages Learn what these symbols mean so that you can immediately recognise the hazards of the products you use. The Know the Hazards Poster in the Toolbox will also help your staff to become familiar with these symbols. 1 Globally Harmonised System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals

27 HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE INFORMATION 25 PHYSICAL HAZARDS Type of hazard GHS symbol Transport of Dangerous Goods symbols Flammables These pictograms refer to flammable substances. Flammable gases or Flammable liquids or Flammable solids Spontaneously combustible Dangerous when wet or

28 26 HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE INFORMATION PHYSICAL HAZARDS Type of hazard GHS symbol Transport of Dangerous Goods symbols Oxidisers These symbols are for products with oxidising properties. The products could be gas, solid or liquid and can cause or intensify fire and explosion. Keep products with these symbols well away from flammable products. Organic peroxides Organic peroxides may contribute to fire, explosion or chemical decomposition. or Corrosives Products with these symbols are corrosive and can cause severe skin burns and eye damage. They may also be corrosive to metals. Gases under pressure Products with these symbols are products where gas is kept under pressure. These products may explode when heated. If they are refrigerated gases they may cause cryogenic burns or injuries. Even normally safe gases can be dangerous when pressurised. or

29 HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE INFORMATION 27 HEALTH HAZARDS Type of hazard GHS symbol Transport of Dangerous Goods symbols Acute toxicity Products with these symbols are acutely toxic. If you see these symbols on the label you need to be aware that you are handling very dangerous products that could cause death if they come into contact with skin or you inhale or ingest them. Acutely toxic gas Toxic gas Less severe acute health hazards Products with this symbol may cause one or more of the following: skin sensitisation, skin and eye irritation respiratory irritation, or drowsiness or dizziness. Chronic (longterm) health hazards Products with this symbol can cause chronic health issues if people are exposed to the product. These products can: cause cancer cause mutations affect fertility cause damage to an unborn child, and cause allergies, asthma or breathing difficulties when inhaled. They can also be respiratory sensitisers. No dangerous goods symbols No dangerous goods symbols

30 28 HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE INFORMATION ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS Type of hazard GHS symbol Transport of Dangerous Goods symbols Environmental hazard Products with this symbol are toxic to the environment (ecotoxic). SIGNAL WORDS You may also see signal words on the label such as DANGER and WARNING. DANGER is used for the most dangerous substances, while WARNING is used for less dangerous substances. Products imported from Australia might use the signal words CAUTION, POISON or DANGEROUS POISON. CAUTION is used for the least dangerous while DANGEROUS POISON is used for the most dangerous substances. HAZARD STATEMENTS Hazard statements may also be on the label. These statements alert you to the harm that the product can cause for example, MAY CAUSE MILD SKIN IRRITATION. PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS Precautionary statements are phrases on the label that describe the recommended measures that should be taken to minimise or prevent adverse effects resulting from exposures to a hazardous product, or from improper storage or handling of a hazardous product, for example, KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN, or, USE ONLY OUTDOORS OR IN A WELL-VENTILATED AREA.

31 HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE INFORMATION 29 THE GHS LABEL SHOWN BELOW IS AN EXAMPLE OF WHAT TO LOOK FOR Mineral Turpentine Pictograms DANGER Signal Word KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN Flammable liquid and vapour May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways Causes mild skin irritation Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects Hazard Statements Precautionary Statements PREVENTATIVE MEASURES Read label before use. Keep away from heat and ignition sources. No smoking. Keep container tightly closed when not in use. Avoid inhaling vapour, use only with adequate ventilation. Wear rubber gloves and safety glasses when using or handling this product. FIRST AID If skin rash or irritation occurs get medical attention. Remove contaminated clothing and rinse skin with plenty of soap and water. If swallowed, immediately call Poisons Centre (0800 POISON) or get medical attention. Do NOT induce vomiting. If medical advice is needed, have product or label at hand. EMERGENCY RESPONSE MEASURES In case of fire use CO 2 dry chemical or foam extinguisher. Absorb spilled liquid with sand or inert material. STORAGE Store locked up, in a well-ventilated place and keep containers cool. DISPOSAL Avoid release to the environment. Do not allow to enter drains or waterways. Dispose of this material and its container to a hazardous or special waste collection point. Supplier information including emergency phone number HSNO approval number: HSR001482

32 30 HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE INFORMATION SAFETY DATA SHEETS Having a current safety data sheet (SDS) for each hazardous substance and understanding it is essential. If you don t have an SDS ask your supplier to give you one. Also ask your supplier to give you an updated SDS if the one you have is more than five years old. Your supplier has a legal obligation to provide you with information about the substances they sell you. An SDS provides important information about the hazards of a substance and how to handle, store, transport and dispose of it safely. Safety data sheets also provide first aid information, information about the personal protective equipment that the person handling the substance should wear and what to do in the event of an emergency, such as a spill or fire. Safety data sheets usually include the following 16 headings: Section 1 Product name and emergency telephone number of the manufacturer/supplier Section 2 Hazards identification (this is where the classification should be found) Section 3 Composition/information on ingredients Section 4 First aid measures Section 5 Fire fighting measures Section 6 Accidental spill/release measures Section 7 Handling and storage Section 8 Exposure controls/personal protective equipment Section 9 Physical and chemical properties Section 10 Stability and reactivity Section 11 Toxicological information (this is where information on health effects can be found) Section 12 Ecological information (this is where information on environmental effects can be found) Section 13 Disposal considerations Section 14 Transport information (this is where the UN class and packing group can be found) Section 15 Regulatory information (information specific to HSNO may be found here) Section 16 Other information. As the employer, you need to read the SDSs to find out the harm the hazardous substances used at your workplace can cause and how you can protect your staff.

33 HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE INFORMATION 31 You then need to explain to staff handling hazardous substances the hazards of the substances they use and how they can protect themselves. Safety data sheets can be difficult for people to understand, particularly if they have reading problems or where English is a second language. So, it s important that you take the time to explain this information to your staff and don t leave them to read the SDSs on their own. Staff also need to know where the SDSs are stored and be able to access them quickly in the event of an emergency. SIGNS Signs are required when you have amounts of hazardous substances over certain limits. Use the HSNO Calculator to help you work out whether you are required to have signs in place. Even if you aren t required to have signs, it s best practice to always have them as they warn visitors and emergency services that hazardous substances are present. Emergency services rely on signs when they respond to an emergency to decide on the course of action they will take and the protective equipment they will wear. WHAT TO PUT ON THE SIGN Signs must be made out of a durable material and clearly show in plain English or in pictograms: 1. That hazardous substances are present. The word HAZCHEM is recognised worldwide to warn that hazardous substances are present. DANGER or WARNING can also be used to warn that hazardous substances are present. 2. The hazardous property of the substance and the type of hazard of each substance present. The hazardous property of a substance indicates the harm that the substance could cause, for example, the substance might be a flammable liquid. It s important to note that most hazardous substances have multiple hazard classifications and you might be over the limit for more than one hazard classification. If you are, you will need to show more than one hazard on your sign. The example signs for diesel on page 32 help illustrate this. 3. For flammable or oxidising substances, precautions such as keep away or no smoking, to prevent unintended ignition, combustion, or thermal decomposition. 4. Emergency actions such as Call Emergency Services Dial 111, or for ecotoxic substances, In an emergency protect waterways.

34 B B 32 HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE INFORMATION THE SIGN BELOW GIVES AN EXAMPLE OF EACH OF THESE REQUIREMENTS 1 B 2 B HAZCHEM IN AN EMERGENCY DIAL 111 FIRE POLICE AMBULANCE 24hr COMPANY CONTACT XX XXX XXXX FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS AREA NO SMOKING 4 3 EXAMPLE SIGNS FOR DIESEL Diesel has the following classifications: 3.1D, 6.1E, 6.3B, 6.7B and 9.1B. Only the 3.1D and 9.1B classifications trigger the requirement to have signs. HSNO requires you to state on your sign that you store flammable substances when you have 10,000 L or more of a 3.1D substance. HSNO also requires that you state that you have ecotoxic substances on your site when you have 1,000 L or more of a 9.1B substance. So if you are storing 1,000 L or more of diesel your sign would look like the following: HAZCHEM IN EMERGENCY DIAL 111, FIRE, POLICE OR AMBULANCE For urgent medical advice: National Poisons Center Dial 0800 POISON ( ) TOXIC TO AQUATIC LIFE CONTAIN SPILLS, PROTECT WATERWAYS If you are storing 10,000 L or more of diesel your sign would look like the following: HAZCHEM IN CASE OF FIRE CALL 111 ASK FOR FIRE DEPARTMENT IN CASE OF SPILL CALL REGIONAL COUNCIL POLLUTION HOTLINE 0800 XXX XXX COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID KEEP AWAY FROM IGNITION SOURCES NO SMOKING TOXIC TO AQUATIC LIFE CONTAIN SPILLS, PROTECT WATERWAYS

35 HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE INFORMATION 33 WHERE TO PUT SIGNS Signs need to be put close to where the hazardous substances are stored, but not too close. People need to be warned of the danger before coming across the hazardous substances. Signs mustn t be put in places where they may be hien. For example, do not put them: beside doors or gates that cover the sign when the doors or gates are opened, or above doors, or anywhere the sign may be concealed by smoke in an emergency. When hazardous substances are stored inside a building, signs must be put at each entrance to the building. If the hazardous substances are in a particular room within a building, the entrance to that room must also have a sign. You must also place a sign at the entrance to the land where the building is located. If the hazardous substances are located outdoors or in a tank, a sign must be positioned immediately next to that area or tank. A key test is to look at the outside of your workplace building or inside your building where your hazardous substances are stored (such as your storage cabinet or dangerous goods store) and ask yourself: What will tell emergency services about the hazards lurking inside?. WORKSHOP HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES STORE SIGN DOOR SIGN TANK Having signs to warn people and emergency services about the hazardous substances used and stored at a site is a control under HSNO. This illustration shows where signs should be placed at a site. SIGN DOOR SIGN OFFICE ENTRANCE SIGN

36 34 HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE INFORMATION WHERE TO GET A SIGN Safety equipment suppliers can provide you with the right signs. Check the Yellow Pages or the internet for safety equipment suppliers in your area. FURTHER INFORMATION Signs The code of practice Signage for Premises storing Hazardous Substances (HSNOCOP 2) explains the requirements for signs and can be purchased from Responsible Care New Zealand (RCNZ), in hard copy or CD format. See A copy of the code is available for viewing at WorkSafe s office in Wellington.

37 STORING YOUR HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES SAFELY 35 STORE HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES SAFELY DECANTING INCOMPATIBLES GAS CYLINDERS OXY-ACETYLENE WELDING FLAMMABLE SUBSTANCES 35

38 36 STORE HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES SAFELY STORE HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES SAFELY Storing hazardous substances safely is an important part of protecting you and your staff. DECANTING It s best to keep your hazardous substances in the containers they are bought in. However, many businesses purchase hazardous substances in drums or large containers and then decant smaller amounts of the substance into other containers for use. While this may seem like a simple task, it needs to be done safely to avoid accidents. NEVER store hazardous substances in food or drink containers it s just too easy for someone else to get confused about what s in the container even if it is labelled. Too often people are seriously harmed after accidently drinking hazardous substances stored in drink containers. CHECKLIST When you are planning to decant a substance from one container to another, keep the following things in mind: Read the safety data sheet and note the hazards of the substance, particularly whether it is flammable, toxic or gives off fumes. Wear the recommended personal protective equipment, for example eye protection, breathing protection, gloves and overalls. Eye wash stations and/or safety showers may be needed in areas where transfers are performed in case substances spill on workers. Work in a well-ventilated area. This will help to prevent you from breathing in high concentrations of possibly poisonous vapours and gases and will also prevent flammable vapours building up, which could ignite causing a fire or explosion. Use only containers the hazardous substance can be stored in safely. Some substances can react dangerously with containers made out of different materials. For example, hydrochloric acid can react with some metals to form explosive hydrogen gas and hydrofluoric acid reacts with glass, so needs to be stored in a durable plastic container. This information is available from the safety data sheet or your hazardous substances supplier. ) ) Make sure the new container is clean and doesn t contain any residues of other substances that may cause a violent reaction.

39 STORE HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES SAFELY 37 The new container must also be clearly labelled with the same information and warnings as the original container. All containers holding hazardous substances must be labelled. Note that flammable liquids, such as petrol and solvents, release flammable vapours so you need to avoid sources of ignition when transferring flammable substances (see the list of ignition sources on page 41). Flammable liquids may also generate static electricity that may discharge and ignite the substance so make sure metal or conductive plastic containers are earthed or bonded correctly (see the further information section on page 42). Be prepared for any spill that might occur during the transfer process. Have your spill kit ready to clean up any spill. More information about spill kits can be found in the Emergency Preparation section, page 43. INCOMPATIBLES Not all hazardous substances can be stored together safely. Different types of substances can cause a fire or explosion if they come into contact with each other. These substances are often described as incompatible and it s important that they are stored separately to prevent the substances from mixing if a leak or spill were to occur. The safety data sheet for a hazardous substance will tell you which substances and materials it should be kept away from, but the box below provides some general guidance. INCOMPATIBLE SUBSTANCES GENERAL GUIDANCE Hazardous substance type: Flammable gases (class 2.1.1) Flammable liquids (class 3) Oxidising substances (class 5.1) Organic peroxides (class 5.2) Keep away from: Flammable aerosols (class 2.1.2); flammable liquids (class 3); class 4 substances; oxidising substances; organic peroxides (class 5). Flammable gases and aerosols (class 2); class 4 substances; oxidising substances; organic peroxides (class 5). All other types of hazardous substances (including organic peroxides). All other types of hazardous substances (including oxidisers).

40 38 STORE HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES SAFELY The most important thing to remember is to Keep your FLAMMABLES (such as petrol, turps, solvent paints and thinners) Away from OXIDISERS (such as hydrogen peroxide, pool chemicals). STORE ONLY WHAT YOU NEED Keep the amount of hazardous substances you store to a minimum. This will make it easier to manage what you have and may reduce your compliance needs and costs. SIGNS Depending on the types and amounts of hazardous substances you have, you may need signs to warn people that hazardous substances are present. The signs should tell people about the hazards of the substances and the precautions and emergency actions to take. See Hazardous substance information, page 23. BE PREPARED FOR A SPILL Your workplace needs measures in place to control any hazardous substance spill or leak. For small spills, a spill kit might be sufficient to contain and clean up the spill. If you have large amounts of hazardous substances you are likely to need secondary containment (also known as bunding). See Emergency preparation, page 43. PUT A LID ON IT! Keep lids on your hazardous substance containers to keep the vapours inside. This stops the fumes and vapours from contaminating the air that you and your staff breathe. Keeping the lid firmly on the container also reduces the chance of a spill if the container were to fall over. GAS CYLINDERS If your business stores gas cylinders, it s important that you handle and store them carefully to make sure that the cylinder isn t damaged. If a cylinder is weakened, the contents of the cylinder can explode. Empty or near-empty cylinders should also be handled carefully.

41 STORE HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES SAFELY 39 Wherever possible, cylinders should be stored, handled and used in an upright way, unless they have been specifically designed for horizontal use. TYPES OF CYLINDERS Most general purpose LPG cylinders are designed for upright use. Vehicle and forklift cylinders are designed for use horizontally although forklift cylinders may normally be handled and stored vertically. Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (SCUBA) cylinders may normally be handled and stored horizontally. Acetylene cylinders contain acetone as a solvent for the gas and must be used upright to avoid the possibility of acetone being discharged with the acetylene. If transported horizontally, they must be stood upright for at least one hour before use. TESTING OF GAS CYLINDERS Gas cylinders should be tested to ensure that they remain safe to use. Poorly maintained gas cylinders may leak, which could cause staff to become exposed to hazardous substances or could potentially cause an explosion. CHECKLIST STORE ANY GAS CYLINDER IN A LOCATION THAT: is suitable for the type and quantity stored is secure is well ventilated, and has an emergency response plan and hazardous substance warning signs in place, if required. IF THE GAS IS FLAMMABLE, ALSO STORE YOUR CYLINDER IN A LOCATION THAT: is of fire resistant construction is suitably separated from potential sources of ignition (also required if the gas is an oxidiser), and has fire extinguishers available (also required if the gas is an oxidiser). In aition to the above, it s good practice for the cylinders to be protected from the weather.

42 40 STORE HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES SAFELY OXY-ACETYLENE WELDING Oxy-acetylene welding equipment is one of the few exceptions where two incompatible hazardous substances (acetylene, a flammable gas, and oxygen, an oxidiser) are permitted to be used together. Because of the incompatibility of these substances, it s vitally important to make sure the gas cylinders are correctly maintained. If your workplace keeps spare acetylene and oxygen cylinders, they must be stored separately in order to minimise the potential for harm if an incident involving one set of cylinders occurs. Welding activities are capable of causing workplace fires, so it s important to take all necessary safety precautions when welding. Oxy-acetylene welding kits must have flashback arrestors fitted if the item being welded ignites, the flashback arrestors stop the flame from travelling down the lines to the cylinders. WorkSafe have a page on their website about health and safety in welding. Search for welding on WorkSafe s homepage or visit for a direct link to this page. FLAMMABLE SUBSTANCES STORAGE CABINETS Smaller amounts of flammable substances should be stored in an approved metal cabinet. The cabinet must conform to the standard set out in AS1940: The storage and handling of flammable and combustible liquids ask your safety supplier for help. You can store up to 250 litres of hazardous substances in an approved cabinet as long as each container is less than 20 litres in size. If you have very large amounts of hazardous substances, you may need to keep them in a storage depot or separate building. Contact a test certifier or a safety consultant to find out what you need in place to safely store your substances. FLAMMABLE VAPOUR Flammable substances release vapour, which can cause an explosion if accidentally ignited. If you are using or storing flammable gases or liquids you will need adequate ventilation to prevent the build-up of flammable gases or vapours.

43 STORE HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES SAFELY 41 Ignition Ignition sources must be removed where flammable substances are used and stored. A table of common ignition sources is listed below. Examples of ignition sources: Type of ignition source Example Flames Sparks Heat Welding flames, gas heaters, pilot lights Welding arcs, starters for fluorescent lighting, electric motors, electrical equipment like power points, cigarette lighters, switches, telephones Static electricity, including from friction sources Lightning Drilling, grinding, scraping of metal over concrete Hot surfaces including light bulbs, ovens, radiators or heaters, flue pipes, vehicle engines and exhaust systems (for example, forklifts) pumps and generators Exothermic chemical reactions that generate heat This table was taken from Safe Work Australia s code of practice: Managing risks of Hazardous Chemicals in the Workplace. Hazardous atmosphere zones A hazardous atmosphere zone is a specific control that identifies an area where flammable vapours may be present around a place where flammable substances are used or stored. In the zone, special precautions need to be taken to prevent ignition. The dimensions of each zone depend on factors which include the types of hazardous substances and the quality of the ventilation in place. Within each zone, you need to consider whether potential ignition sources exist. Electrical equipment must be suitable for the zone or kept away from areas where vapour might build up, such as dangerous goods stores and workrooms. Get advice and, if necessary, an electrical certificate from a registered electrical inspector if you aren t sure whether your electrical equipment is intrinsically safe or is at a safe distance from a hazardous atmosphere zone.

44 42 STORE HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES SAFELY CABINET 1m 3m STORE Sign 3m Generally, a hazardous atmosphere zone extends out three metres from a dangerous goods cabinet or store and one metre above. No ignition sources should be within that zone. If you must have electrical equipment in that area it must be intrinsically safe. Controlled zones A controlled zone is a defined area where flammable or oxidising substances are located. Within that area, the adverse effects of the hazardous substances must be reduced or prevented so that beyond the controlled zone the public is provided with reasonable protection from those adverse effects. Every controlled zone is different and will depend on a variety of factors, including: the amount of flammable or oxidising substances stored at your workplace the classification of those substances the type of storage whether the hazardous substances are stored in tanks, drums, packages or cylinders and whether they are stored inside or outside, and the construction of the buildings and the neighbouring environment. Generally, you only need to establish a controlled zone if you need a location test certificate. Talk to your test certifier if you are unsure about what to do. See Test certificates, page 51. GET A LOCATION TEST CERTIFICATE, IF REQUIRED If you have flammable or oxidising substances at your workplace you may need a location test certificate to certify that the hazardous substances are being stored safely, according to the rules. See Test certificates, page 51. FURTHER INFORMATION INCOMPATIBLE SUBSTANCES The code of practice Hazardous Substances Storage (HSNOCOP 16) is available to help you work out which hazardous substances are incompatible with each other. This code is available free from a HSNO enforcement officer or for purchase from Responsible Care New Zealand, A copy of the code is available for viewing at WorkSafe s office in Wellington. BONDING CONTAINERS (STATIC ELECTRICITY) See the Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety

45 EMERGENCY PREPARATION PREPARE FOR AN EMERGENCY SPILL KITS FIRE EXTINGUISHERS SECONDARY CONTAINMENT EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLANS 43

46 44 EMERGENCY PREPARATION EMERGENCY PREPARATION Even the most safety conscious organisation can have an emergency. So it s important that you and your staff know what to do, and who is responsible for what task, if an emergency were to occur. Possible emergencies involving the hazardous substances you use and store at your workplace include: a member of your staff being poisoned by ingesting or inhaling a toxic substance a member of your staff being burnt by a corrosive substance a fire caused by flammable or oxidising substances, or hazardous substances leaking or spilling from their containers, injuring people and contaminating land and waterways. PREPARE FOR AN EMERGENCY Like with other HSNO controls, how you prepare for an emergency will depend on the types and amounts of hazardous products you use and store. There are some things you always need to do to keep safe, and others that are only required if you are over certain limits. The information below tells you what you always need to do when using and storing hazardous products. The HSNO Calculator will help you to work out whether you need fire extinguishers, signs, secondary containment or an emergency response plan. CHECKLIST TO PREPARE FOR AN EMERGENCY YOU ALWAYS NEED TO: Train your staff so they know what to do if an emergency were to occur. They also need to know where the safety and first aid equipment is stored and how to use it. ) ) Make sure all hazardous products are labelled and that the label stays readable and on the container. If you transfer a hazardous product from one container into another one, you must make sure that the new container is also labelled.

47 EMERGENCY PREPARATION 45 Have a safety data sheet for each hazardous product at your workplace. Store safety data sheets in a place where staff and emergency services can easily locate them. See Hazardous substance information, page 23. Store incompatible products separately. Make sure that you store hazardous substances that have the potential to react with one another separately. Not all hazardous substances can be stored together safely. Different types of hazardous substances can cause a fire or explosion if they mix. Check the safety data sheet to find out what your product is incompatible with. See Store hazardous substances safely, page 35. Store oxidisers safely. There are particular precautions that must be taken when you are storing oxidisers, such as keeping them away from combustible material. Be prepared for a spill. You should be prepared to deal with a spill or leak of the hazardous substances you use and store. The safety data sheet for each of your substances will give you information about how to clean up spills. Some general guidance is given below. SPILL KITS You need to be prepared to deal with a spill or leak of the hazardous substances you use and store. For small spills, a spill kit might be sufficient to contain the spill. You can purchase spill kits from safety equipment suppliers or you can make a kit to suit your needs. The equipment needed in your spill kit will depend on what hazardous substances you have and the amount that could possibly be spilled. CHECKLIST GENERALLY, YOUR SPILL KIT SHOULD CONTAIN: personal protective equipment like overalls, gumboots, gloves, goggles and facemasks spill handling equipment like a shovel, but be aware that metal shovels could spark, which could be dangerous when you are cleaning up a spill involving flammable substances spill containment equipment like drain guards or barriers, drip pans.

48 46 EMERGENCY PREPARATION absorbent material like absorbent pads, sand (note that sawdust is not a suitable absorbent for flammable or oxidising substances because it provides a fuel if a fire were to start), and a leak-proof disposal container to put the waste in once the spill is cleaned up. You need to make sure that your staff know where the spill kit is kept and how to use it. USE THE HSNO CALCULATOR TO WORK OUT IF YOU ARE REQUIRED TO HAVE: FIRE EXTINGUISHERS You are required to have fire extinguishers when you have amounts of flammable or oxidising substances over certain limits. However, it s best practice to always have suitable fire extinguishers if you use or store any flammable, oxidising or toxic substances. Fire extinguishers are used to put out fires before they reach your hazardous substances to prevent a more serious situation from occurring. If you need fire extinguishers, you need to make sure: you have the correct number of fire extinguishers your fire extinguishers are within 30 metres of your flammable or oxidising substances, and your fire extinguishers are of a sufficient standard. Generally, a fire extinguisher with a 30B rating will be suitable for your needs. Ask your equipment supplier for help.

49 EMERGENCY PREPARATION 47 SIGNS You are required to have signs when you are over certain limits of hazardous substances. However, it s best practice to always have signs warning visitors and emergency services that your workplace has hazardous substances. See Hazardous substance information, page 23. SECONDARY CONTAINMENT A spill kit will not be sufficient to contain a large spill. If you store large amounts of hazardous substances you will need secondary containment to minimise the extent of a spill and help recover the spilled substance. Use the HSNO Calculator to work out if you need secondary containment. Secondary containment for above-ground tanks and drums is commonly in the form of a compound with bund walls to contain any leaked substance. An above-ground secondary containment system must have a capacity of at least 110% of the capacity of the tank, for tanks over 450 L. Secondary containment for below-ground tanks is normally a double skinned stationary tank or a tank in an impermeable pit. The below-ground secondary containment system must have at least the capacity of the tank.

50 48 EMERGENCY PREPARATION EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLANS If you have large amounts of hazardous substances, you need to have a written emergency response plan. Use the HSNO Calculator to work out if you need an emergency response plan. Your response plan must cover all the emergencies that might arise for the hazardous substances you have and be practiced with your staff. The purpose of the plan is to minimise the effects of any emergency that occurs. CHECKLIST YOUR PLAN MUST INCLUDE A DESCRIPTION OF WHAT YOU WILL DO TO: call emergency services warn people at the workplace and in nearby areas that an emergency has occurred advise people how they can protect themselves and how they can help other people involved in the emergency, and manage the emergency so that damage is minimised. THE PLAN MUST ALSO: name the people with specific responsibilities (such as fire wardens, first aiders) and include the contact information for them and emergency services include how to get information about the hazardous properties of the substances involved in the emergency state the location and purpose of emergency equipment and materials that may be needed set out the actions to take for each potential emergency and the order in which to take them, and ) ) be available to all people who are listed in the plan as having responsibilities, and to emergency services.

51 EMERGENCY PREPARATION 49 YOU ALSO NEED TO: send a copy of your plan to the local NZ Fire Service Area Manager (only if you are required to have one). You need to describe what role and actions you expect the Fire Service to take if an emergency identified in your plan were to occur. It is important that you provide sufficient detail regarding your expectations of the Fire Service so they can determine if your emergency response plan is consistent with their operational procedures and resources. They will write back to you confirming this. test your emergency response plan at least once a year to check that it works and is effective. This is more than having a fire drill but can be a desk-top exercise. If any problems are identified you need to update your plan. You need to keep records of testing for at least two years. Update the plan if there are changes to the hazardous products used and stored at your workplace, or if there are changes to the staff that have specific emergency responsibilities. If the plan is updated, it must be tested within three months of the change. A template of an emergency response plan, the Emergency Response Flipchart, is part of the Toolbox. YOU MAY ALSO NEED A FIRE EVACUATION SCHEME You might also need to have an evacuation scheme in place, approved by the Fire Service. The Fire Service has a useful website to provide you with guidance about Fire Evacuation Schemes see

52 50 EMERGENCY PREPARATION FURTHER INFORMATION SECONDARY CONTAINMENT The code of practice HSNOCOP 47 Secondary Containment Systems is available at no charge from WorkSafe. Call for a copy or visit WorkSafe s website: for a link to this document. EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT The code of practice HSNOCOP 36 - Preparing for a chemical emergency is available on a CD or hardcopy for purchase from Responsible Care New Zealand A copy of the code is available for viewing at WorkSafe s office in Wellington.

53 TEST CERTIFICATES APPROVED HANDLER TEST CERTIFICATES APPROVED FILLER TEST CERTIFICATES LOCATION TEST CERTIFICATES STATIONARY CONTAINER SYSTEM TEST CERTIFICATES 51

54 52 TEST CERTIFICATES TEST CERTIFICATES WHAT ARE TEST CERTIFICATES? Test certificates are a type of certification issued by test certifiers to show that users of hazardous substances have appropriate controls in place or have the appropriate knowledge and training. You might need a test certificate for people, locations or equipment. A test certifier is an independent service provider approved by WorkSafe to issue test certificates. You can find a list of test certifiers on the EPA website, The cost of issuing or renewing certificates is set by the test certifier. You should contact several certifiers to discuss which services they offer and what fees apply. APPROVED HANDLER TEST CERTIFICATES An approved handler is someone who has been certified to handle very hazardous substances and knows about: the hazards of the substances they deal with and how to protect people and the environment the operating equipment they use and the protective clothing and safety equipment required to handle the hazardous substances what to do if an emergency involving the hazardous substances were to occur, and the Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) legislation: what the law requires and why. To be certified as an approved handler, you need to have sufficient knowledge and experience to be able to demonstrate you are competent to handle the substances. Depending on the type of hazardous substance and how it s used, the approved handler may need to: handle the hazardous substance themselves provide guidance to others who may then handle the substance be present at the location when the hazardous substance is used (for corrosive or toxic substances), and be available, for example by phone, to provide advice if needed (for flammable or oxidising substances).

55 TEST CERTIFICATES 53 Use the HSNO Calculator to find out whether you need an approved handler. If you need an approved handler at your workplace, you need to contact a test certifier. The test certifier will check that the person to be certified has had sufficient training to safely manage the hazardous substances they use. Training may be provided by an industry training organisation or could be on-the-job training. To get certified, that person will need a written record of the training, which describes the method used to assess their knowledge and practical skills, and is signed by the course provider or work supervisor. You will probably need more than one approved handler to cover shift work, holidays and sick days. An approved handler certificate must be renewed every five years. PROCESS OF BECOMING AN APPROVED HANDLER LEARN AND GET EXPERIENCE Learn about the hazards of the substances and how to safely manage them, protect people and the environment from those substances and know what to do in an emergency. Industry training organisation, on-the-job training X PROVE KNOWLEDGE AND COMPETENCE Obtain a written record describing the method used to assess your skills and knowledge about the substances. Have this record signed by your work supervisor or course provider. X CONTACT A TEST CERTIFIER Contact a test certifier who specialises in approved handler certificates for the substances you want to be certified to use. There is a list of test certifiers on the EPA website. X OBTAIN AN APPROVED HANDLER TEST CERTIFICATE If the test certifier is satisfied you have the knowledge, experience and competence, they will issue a test certificate. An approved handler certificate is valid for five years.

56 54 TEST CERTIFICATES APPROVED FILLER TEST CERTIFICATES Everyone at your business who fills compressed gas containers must have an approved filler test certificate or be training to become an approved filler and be under the supervision of an approved filler. This is required for all compressed gases, hazardous and non-hazardous, and includes air. An approved filler is someone who has the necessary training, knowledge and skills to fill compressed gas containers safely and has obtained an approved filler test certificate from a test certifier. For the gases they handle an approved filler must know: low-pressure liquefiable gas d permanent gases d how to fill compressed gas containers safely the different forms of compressed gases, including: d high-pressure liquefiable gas d gases that may be held at very low temperatures the causes of compressed gas container failure the consequences of failure of a compressed gas container including asphyxiation, and how to inspect a compressed gas container to make sure it is safe. To get your approved filler test certificate you will need to prove your knowledge and competence in these areas to your test certifier. You can do this by getting a written record describing your training, the method used to assess your skills and the results of the assessment. This must be signed by either your work supervisor if you were trained at work, or the course provider if you completed a relevant training course. When the test certifier issues an approved filler test certificate they will specify the type of gas as well as the types of containers the certificate holder may fill. The certificate is valid for five years. FILLING LPG CYLINDERS The LPG Association offers a training scheme to businesses that fill LPG cylinders. Through this scheme you can be trained, assessed and issued with your approved filler test certificate at your workplace by a site trainer who is also a test certifier. As an LPG Association approved filler, you can only fill cylinders at the workplaces where you were trained and you must have refresher training and renew your certificate each year.

57 TEST CERTIFICATES 55 LOCATION TEST CERTIFICATES If you have flammable or oxidising substances at your workplace you may need a location test certificate. A location test certificate certifies that the place where the substances are used and stored is safely managed, according to the rules. Use the HSNO Calculator to find out whether you need a location test certificate. If you need one, you must arrange for a test certifier to visit your workplace. CHECKLIST BEFORE ISSUING A LOCATION TEST CERTIFICATE, THE TEST CERTIFIER WILL CHECK THAT YOU HAVE: a list (inventory) of hazardous substances that require a location test certificate a site plan of your workplace showing: all hazardous substance locations hazardous atmosphere zones, and controlled zones ) ) fire extinguishers available, if needed, and: you have the correct number d d d you have the correct type, and d they are located no more than 30 metres away from where your oxidising or flammable products are stored stored your hazardous substances safely in areas that can be secured incompatible substances stored separately established and managed controlled zones established and managed hazardous atmosphere zones an approved handler available, if needed procedures in place to prevent a fire from starting, if you store flammable or oxidising substances signs in place, if needed

58 56 TEST CERTIFICATES prepared an emergency response plan, if needed secondary containment in place, if needed the right personal protective equipment and clothing for oxidising substances, and told your local WorkSafe office where your workplace is and what hazardous substances and amounts of those substances are used and stored there. This list is available as a template for use in your Workbook. A location test certificate lasts for one year but you can apply to have this extended up to a maximum of three years. Talk to your test certifier about this extension. STATIONARY CONTAINER SYSTEM TEST CERTIFICATES A stationary container system is a fixed tank or process container and its associated pipe work and fittings. A stationary container system covers above and below-ground tanks as well as fuel tanks connected to burners, stationary internal combustion engines and direct fired vaporisers. If you have a stationary container system containing a gas or liquid hazardous substance you may need a stationary container system test certificate. This certifies that your tank and the associated equipment is safe and complies with the rules. To get a stationary container certificate, contact a test certifier. FURTHER INFORMATION WorkSafe have published a guide called Certification of Stationary Tanks and Process Containers. Contact WorkSafe for a copy or visit WorkSafe s website: for a link to this document.

59 TRACKING VERY HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES WHERE DOES TRACKING START? APPROVED HANDLER RESPONSIBILITIES KEEPING TRACKING RECORDS INFORMATION NEEDED IN TRACKING RECORDS 57

60 58 TRACKING VERY HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES TRACKING VERY HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES Very hazardous substances must be tracked. Tracking refers to recording what happens to a very hazardous substance from when it was imported or manufactured, through to distribution and transport, to use or disposal. Your hazardous substance supplier will let you know if your substances need to be tracked and will ask if you are an approved handler. Tracked substances can only be sold to approved handlers. The most common substances that need to be tracked that are used by small businesses are embalming substances and cyanide in the metal working industry. Tracking highly hazardous substances makes sure that: these substances are under the control of an appropriately trained person (tracked substances must be under the control of an approved handler, if they are not they must be locked away), and highly flammable and oxidising substances are stored at a site that has a location test certificate (if one is necessary). WHERE DOES TRACKING START? If the substance is manufactured in New Zealand, tracking starts at the premises where it was manufactured. If the substance is imported, tracking starts at the port where the substance enters New Zealand. The United Nations or international civil aviation dangerous goods documentation relating to the shipment will be sufficient tracking records until the goods are transported from the port. APPROVED HANDLER RESPONSIBILITIES An approved handler must be responsible for any hazardous substance that requires tracking throughout the lifecycle of the substance. If the substance is transferred to another place then the conditions and circumstances for the transfer must be recorded and an approved handler at the other place must be identified. At any time a tracked substance must either be under the personal control of an approved handler or secured under lock and key.

61 TRACKING VERY HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES 59 KEEPING TRACKING RECORDS The employer of a site where tracked substances are used and stored is responsible for keeping tracking records. Tracking records must be available to an enforcement officer and be written in a way that is easy to understand. The records must be kept for 12 months after the substance has been transferred to someone else. If the substance is discharged into the environment or otherwise used or disposed of, the record must be kept for three years. INFORMATION NEEDED IN TRACKING RECORDS The tracking record must contain: the name and amount of the substance the exact location of the substance the name, position in the organisation and contact details of the approved handler in control of the substance details of any transfers of the substance to another location, and details of any use or disposal of the substance. FURTHER INFORMATION WorkSafe have published an information sheet called Tracking records for hazardous substances. Contact WorkSafe for a copy or visit WorkSafe s website: for a link to this document.

62

63 FURTHER INFORMATION RESOURCES GLOSSARY 61

64 62 FURTHER INFORMATION FURTHER INFORMATION RESOURCES For information about individual hazardous substances, contact your hazardous substance supplier. WORKSAFE For information about HSNO or how to manage your hazardous substances contact WorkSafe s Hazardous Substances Information Line: Keep checking WorkSafe s website, We regularly update information and a new documents relating to hazardous substances. Visit the Toolbox website at to access the HSNO Calculator and safety videos. To find a test certifier, go to the test certifier register on the EPA website: For information about workplace health and safety contact WorkSafe: or visit our website CORRELATION BETWEEN GHS AND HSNO CLASSES The correlation between the GHS categories and the HSNO classes can be found on the EPA website: EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLANS To assist you in preparing your emergency response plan a free Emergency Response Flip Chart is available from WorkSafe. Call the Hazardous Substances Information Line to request a copy of this document: YOUR LOCAL COUNCIL Your council might have aitional rules that need to be met when storing hazardous substances. Check with your local council for specific rules that apply in your region.

65 FURTHER INFORMATION 63 GLOSSARY This section explains some of the terms you will come across in this document. If any of the words within the explanation are italicised there is also an explanation for that word elsewhere in this section. Approval Approved filler Approved handler Classification If you are importing, manufacturing or using hazardous substances, they must be approved under the Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) Act. Once they are approved they are given an approval number and a set of controls that people using the substances need to follow to help manage the risks associated with the substance. The approval number will generally be found in Section 15 (the Regulatory Section) of your safety data sheet and will be of the format HSR00XXXX. Most domestic and workplace hazardous substances, other than pesticides, are approved under a group standard approval. An example of a group standard approval number is HSR Surface Coatings and Colourants (Flammable). An approved filler is someone who has the necessary training, knowledge and skills to fill compressed gas containers safely and has obtained an approved filler test certificate from a test certifier. Having an approved filler test certificate is a control under HSNO. An approved handler is someone who has specific knowledge and experience on how to use particular hazardous substances safely. This person needs to apply to a test certifier to get an approved handler test certificate. Having an approved handler available is one of the controls placed on very hazardous substances under HSNO. The properties of a substance are classified according to their hazards. Based on the classification, controls are set to manage the risks that arise from these hazards.

66 64 FURTHER INFORMATION Code of practice (HSNO approved) Controlled zone Controls Dangerous goods Emergency response plan Group standard approval A code of practice approved under the HSNO Act is a document that provides an approved method of achieving compliance with particular requirements of the HSNO Act. You do not have to follow a code of practice; you can use other ways of meeting the legal requirements. However, following a code of practice is a legal defence if you were prosecuted under HSNO and the code related to the alleged non-compliance. A controlled zone is an area around a flammable substance where ignition sources must be controlled to prevent unintended ignition. Access within the controlled zone must also be limited to authorised people. Controlled zones also apply to oxidising substances. Controls are rules put in place to prevent or manage the adverse effects of hazardous substances. The controls for substances differ depending on their hazard classification. The term dangerous goods is used internationally to describe the goods covered by the United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods Model Regulations. Dangerous goods are not exactly the same as hazardous substances under HSNO. For example, radioactive materials and infectious substances are also considered to be dangerous goods but are not hazardous substances under HSNO. Aitionally, substances that cause skin irritation are hazardous substances but not dangerous goods. An emergency response plan is a written document that covers what will be done and who is responsible for doing each task in an emergency involving the hazardous substances at your workplace. An emergency response plan is a control under HSNO. Group standards approve a group of hazardous substances of a similar nature, type or circumstance of use. A group standard sets out conditions (controls) that enable a group of hazardous substances to be managed safely.

67 FURTHER INFORMATION 65 Globally Harmonised System (GHS) of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals Hazard Hazardous atmosphere zone Hazardous substances HSE HSNO HSWA The Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) is a single internationally agreed system of hazardous substance classification and hazard communication through labelling and Safety Data Sheets (SDS). GHS has been adopted by many countries around the world and the classification and labelling system will be seen more often. The HSNO system is based on the GHS system. A hazard is any source of potential damage, harm or adverse effect (including health effects). A hazardous atmosphere zone surrounds a place where flammable substances are used or stored and flammable vapours may be present. Within these zones, special precautions need to be taken to prevent unintended ignition so that a fire or explosion does not occur. Establishing a hazardous atmosphere zone is a control under HSNO. Under HSNO a hazardous substance has one or more of the following properties: an explosive nature, including fireworks flammability, for example, petrol, turps, LPG, diesel ability to oxidise, accelerate a fire, for example hydrogen peroxide corrosiveness, for example, caustic drain cleaner acute or chronic toxicity to humans, for example, arsenic ecotoxicity, can kill living things either directly or by building up in the environment for example diesel, glyphosate pesticides. HSE refers to the Health and Safety in Employment Act 1992, which covers legal obligations to keep people safe at work. HSNO refers to the Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act 1996 and supporting regulations. HSNO imposes controls to safely manage hazardous substances. HSWA refers to the Health and Safety at Work Act The main purpose of HSWA is to provide a balanced framework to ensure the health and safety of workers and others.

68 66 FURTHER INFORMATION Incompatible substances Inventory Location test certificate Packing group Person in charge Regulations Risk Risk phrase Incompatible substances are substances that must be kept away from each other to prevent them from mixing and causing a fire or explosion. An inventory is a list of all of the types and amounts of hazardous substances stored at your workplace. A location test certificate certifies that the place where hazardous substances are used and stored is safely managed, according to the rules. Test certificates are issued by test certifiers. A location test certificate is a control under HSNO. Packing group refers to a standard of packaging under the United Nations rules for transporting dangerous goods. The standard of packaging to be used depends on how dangerous a hazardous substance is. Packing group I is used for the most dangerous substances. HSNO assigns duties to the person in charge. The person in charge is the person who is in control of the part of the workplace that uses and stores hazardous substances. The role is similar to the PCBU under HSWA. In a small workplace the person in charge may be the manager or owner of the business. In a larger operation with multiple locations and activities, several people could be designated persons in charge. Regulations are rules that must be complied with under a specific Act, such as the Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act. Risk is the combination of the likelihood of adverse effects occurring and the magnitude of the effects, if they were to occur. Risk phrases (or R-phrases) are a classification system used overseas to classify hazardous substances. Risk phrases are being phased out in favour of the GHS system.

69 FURTHER INFORMATION 67 Safety data sheet (SDS) Secondary containment (bunding) Stationary container system Test certificates Test certifier Tracking A safety data sheet includes information about how to safely use and store a hazardous substance, first aid information and what to do in an emergency. Safety data sheets must be provided by your supplier when you purchase a hazardous substance for the first time. Safety data sheets are a control under HSNO. A secondary containment system ensures that liquid substances (or liquefiable substances) can be contained if they leak or spill from the container in which they are stored. The system should also enable recovery of a spilled substance. Secondary containment is a control under HSNO. A stationary container system is a fixed tank and its associated pipe work and fittings. If you have a stationary tank containing a gas or a liquid hazardous substance you may need a stationary container system test certificate. This certifies that your tank is safe and complies with the rules. Test certificates are a type of certification issued by test certifiers to show that users of hazardous substances have appropriate controls in place or have the appropriate knowledge and training. You might need a test certificate for people, locations or equipment. Test certificates are controls under HSNO. A test certifier is an independent service provider approved by WorkSafe to issue test certificates. You can find a list of test certifiers on the EPA website: Tracking refers to recording what happens to very hazardous substances from their manufacture through to use or disposal. Tracking is a HSNO control.

70 68 FURTHER INFORMATION UN Hazard class Workplace exposure standards (WES) The UN Hazard class is the classification for transporting dangerous goods. This classification is found in the transport section of the safety data sheet for a substance (in a 16 header safety data sheet this is section 14). There are nine classes based on their hazardous properties as shown below. The classes are similar to the HSNO classes but in some cases do not include all of the HSNO sub-classes. The UN classes shown in brackets below are outside of the HSNO legislation but must be included in any workplace inventory. Class 1 Explosives Class 2 Gases Class 3 Flammable liquids Class 4 Flammable solids Class 5 Oxidising substances Class 6 Toxic and (Infectious substances) Class 7 (Radioactive material) Class 8 Corrosives Class 9 Miscellaneous dangerous goods A Workplace Exposure Standard (WES) refers to the level of a substance in the air that is believed to be safe for nearly all workers repeatedly exposed day after day to that substance. The values are usually calculated based on exposure over eight hours, 15 minutes or, in some cases, instantaneous exposure.

71

72