Table of Contents. Note. Contents 1 through 13 are for non-authorized employees. Contents 14 through 16 are for authorized employees.

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2 Table of Contents 1. Purpose Policy Responsibilities Definitions Electrical Safety Program Principles Safety Program Controls General Electrical Requirement Procedures Ground -Fault Circuit Interrupters (GFCI) Wiring Design and Protection Electrical Maintenance Safety Exposures Safety Programs Procedures Guarding of Live Parts Working Clearance of Electrical Panel Testing and Maintenance of Live Line Tools (Hot Stick) Training Requirement Protective Equipment Requirements References Appendix A -- Safety Master Procedures Appendix B -- Energized Work Permit Appendix C -- Energized Work Permit Note Contents 1 through 13 are for non-authorized employees. Contents 14 through 16 are for authorized employees. 2 of 54

3 Section Number: SOP 205 Orange County Sanitation District Effective / Revised Date: 12/15/10 Supersedes: 7/13/09 Subject: Electrical Safety Program Approved by: General Manager 1) PURPOSE i) The goal of the OCSD Electrical Safety Program is to establish requirements to ensure safety while working with electrical power. The program directly addresses all employee exposures to each specific electrical hazard that exists at the District. 2) POLICY i) It is Orange County Sanitation District s (OCSD) policy to establish procedures and guidelines to identify preferred, standard methods for Electrical Safety and to ensure that all staff, contractors and temporary workers at all sites comply with these standards. 3) RESPONSIBILITIES a) Division Employees shall follow all safety rules, policies, procedures, and specific requirements regarding electrical safety. Employees shall inspect electrical protective equipment before use to ensure the equipment will provide the proper protection. Employees are required to properly store all protective equipment to prevent damage. b) Executive Management Team -The Executive Management Team (EMT) is responsible for approving and supporting the Safety Programs implemented by the Safety and Health Division. c) Safety & Health Division - The Safety and Health Division is responsible for implementing, reviewing, and ensuring the Electrical Safety Program meets the proper protection requirements for employees and for following safety standards. d) Employees - Employees are required to follow all safety rules, policies, and procedures regarding electrical safety, and are required to follow District s policy on electrical appliances, flexible cords, wiring, and use of power cords and strips. e) Contractors- Contractor personnel are required to follow the District s safety rules, policies, and procedures regarding electrical safety as well as their own internal electrical safety policies. 4) DEFINITIONS Arc Rating The maximum incident energy resistance demonstrated by a material before allowing a second-degree burn. Expressed in calories per square centimeter (cal/cm 2 ). 3 of 54

4 Exposed Live Part Capable of being inadvertently touched or approached nearer than the safe distance by a person. It is applied to parts that are not suitably guarded, isolated, or insulated. Flame Resistant (FR) The property of a material whereby combustion is prevented, terminated, or inhibited following the application of a flaming or non-flaming source of ignition. Flash Protection Boundary An approach limit at a distance from exposed live parts within which a person could receive a second-degree burn if an electrical arc flash were to occur. Flash Suit A complete FR clothing and equipment system that covers the entire body, except for the hands and feet. This includes pants, jacket, and a beekeeper type hood fitted with a face shield. Hot Work Working on or near exposed live parts. Limited Approach Boundary An approach limit at a distance from an exposed live part within which a shock hazard exists. Prohibited Approach Boundary An approach limit at a distance from an exposed live part within which work is considered the same as making contact with the live part. Qualified Person One who has the skills, experience and knowledge related to the construction and operation of the electrical equipment and installations and has received safety training on the hazards involved. Restricted Approach Boundary An approach limit at a distance from an exposed live part within which there is an increase risk of shock, due to electrical arc-over combined with inadvertent movement, for personnel working in close proximity to the live part. Voltage levels Low voltage is below 600 volts. High voltage is above 600 volts. Working Near (live parts) Any activity inside a Limited Approach Boundary. Working on (live parts) Any activity with contact with live parts with the hands, feet, or other body parts, with tools, probes, or with test equipment, regardless of the personal protective equipment a person is wearing. 5) Electrical Safety Program Principles a) The electrical program is based on the following principles: i) Protect the employee from shock, burn, blast, and other hazards due to the working environment. 4 of 54

5 ii) De-energize equipment before working on it, if possible. iii) Plan every job and document first-time procedures. iv) Anticipate unexpected events. v) Identify and minimize the hazards. vi) Inspect and evaluate the condition of all electrical equipment in accordance with OSHA standards for Assured Equipment Grounding Protection Program. vii) Maintain the electrical equipment s insulation and enclosure integrity. viii) Use the right tools for the job. ix) Assess employee s abilities and train for deficiencies. x) Only purchase electrical equipment, devices, materials, etc. approved by the following standards-making organizations: (1) IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (2) ANSI (American National Standards Institute) (3) NEMA (National Electrical Manufacturers Association (4) ASTM (American Society for Testing Materials (5) ICEA (Insulated Cable Engineers Association) (6) NETA (National Electrical Testing Association) (7) AEIC (Association of Edison Illuminating Companies) (8) UL (Underwriters Laboratories, Inc.) (9) FM (Factory Mutual Research Corp.) (10) CSA (Canadian Standards Association) 6) Safety Program Controls i) The electrical safety program has the following basic controls or rules for safe electrical work: (1) Exposed energized electrical conductors or circuit parts above 50 volts to ground are considered electrically hazardous and requires the proper PPE and procedures. 5 of 54

6 (2) De-energizing an electrical conductor or circuit part to make it safe to work on is in itself a potentially hazardous task. (3) Use procedures as tools to identify the hazards and develop plans to eliminate or control the hazards. (4) Employees are trained to be qualified to work in an environment influenced by the presence of electrical energy. (5) Identify and categorize tasks to be performed on or near exposed energized electrical conductors and circuit parts. (6) Use a logical approach to determine potential hazards of each task. (7) Identify and use precautions appropriate to the working environment. (8) Unqualified persons shall not be permitted to enter work areas where there are energized parts. 7) GENERAL ELECTRICAL REQUIREMENTS PROCEDURES a) Electrical Maintenance of Energized Equipment or Systems i) Only qualified and trained persons shall work on electrical equipment or systems. ii) Only qualified persons shall be permitted to perform any work involving energized overhead lines, such as exposed live parts on cranes and light bulbs in overhead ceilings. iii) Divisions 340, 830, 840, and 850 staff are not to operate electrical equipment such as motor starters and switchgears except for the following: (1) One reset of the overload relays on a tripped motor starter (2) Open and close 480 volt circuit breakers for the purpose of LOTO in accordance with the LOTO procedure SOP-105 iv) Staff performing these operations shall be trained and authorized to do so and shall wear the following minimum PPE: (1) Long sleeve cotton shirt (2) Cotton pants (3) Safety glasses with sideshields (4) Class E Hard Hat 6 of 54

7 (5) NEC 70E rated earplugs (6) Safety toed shoes v) Work shall not be performed on exposed energized parts until the following conditions are met: (1) Suitable personal protective equipment, such as approved insulated gloves and insulated tools, eye protection, and flame resistant clothing, are worn prior to use. (2) All jewelry and conductive articles worn, such as watch chains, rings, wristwatches, metal framed eyeglasses, or bands shall be removed prior to working on energized parts. vi) Only fiberglass ladders shall be used when performing work on or near elevated electrical equipment locations. b) Extension Cord Requirements: i) All extension cords shall be listed by the Underwriters Laboratory (U.L.) and bear the U.L. label. ii) Extension cords shall be a minimum of 16 gauge copper wire and rated for not less than 13 amperes, shall be of the grounding type (three wire) and shall not be used in excess of their rated capacity. iii) Extension cords shall have terminals and insulation free of defects such as cracked, split or nicked insulation; exposed wires; knots; burn marks; loose connectors; or other damage that may present a fire or an electrocution hazard. Destroy any extension cords showing defects. iv) Only three prong extensions cords shall be used. For three wire extension cords, the ground prong shall not be removed. Departments shall request the installation of three prong type wall outlets where not provided. v) Extension cords shall not be daisy chained nor plugged together. vi) Proper polarization shall be maintained at all times. vii) Adapter shall not be used. viii) Extension cords shall be used in conjunction with a tested GFCI to prevent unintentional electrical shocks. ix) Homemade extension cords assembled with a metal box shall not be made or be used. 7 of 54

8 c) Uses Permitted for Extension Cords i) Each flexible cord shall be equipped with an attachment plug and shall be energized from an approved receptacle outlet. In addition, flexible cords shall be used for: (1) Pendants (a lamp holder or cord-connector body suspended by a length of cord properly secured and terminated directly above the suspended device); (2) Wiring of fixtures; (3) Connection of portable lamps or appliances; (4) Elevator cables; (5) Wiring of cranes or hoists (where flexibility is necessary); (6) Connection of stationary equipment to facilitate their interchange, (equipment which is not normally moved from place to place, but might be on occasion); (7) Prevention of the transmission of noise or vibration. (In some cases, vibration might fatigue fixed wiring and result in a situation more hazardous than flexible cord). d) Prohibited Uses of Flexible Cord i) Flexible cords shall not be used as a substitute for the fixed wiring of a structure, and may not be used: (1) As a substitute for the fixed wiring of a structure and shall not exceed 90 days of use in one application; (2) Where run through holes in walls, ceilings, floors, doorways, windows or similar openings; (3) Where attached to building surfaces; or (4) Where concealed behind building walls, ceilings, or floors. e) Power Strips i) Power strips are devices designed to provide multiple outlets from one-power source. ii) Power strips must be Underwriters Laboratory (U.L.) approved or approved by a similar nationally recognized testing laboratory and they must contain an integral circuit breaker. 8 of 54

9 iii) Uses: (1) Each power strip shall be plugged into a permanent wall receptacle. Power strips may not be plugged into another power strip ( Daisy Chained ) or into an extension cord. f) Electrical Appliances i) Portable Space Heaters General Requirements (1) The only approved portable space heaters shall be electric. Kerosene, natural gas or propane heaters are prohibited inside buildings or offices. (2) If a portable electric space heater causes a circuit breaker to trip more than once, it shall not be used again since it is overloading the electrical circuit. (3) Portable electric space heaters shall meet or have the following requirements: (a) Tested and certified by a nationally recognized testing laboratory such as Underwriters Laboratory (UL). (b) Equipped with an auto shut off should the space heater tips-over. (c) Have an indicator light to show that the heater is on. (d) Have a guard around the heating element. (4) Uses: (a) Shall be used on flat and level floors. (b) Shall not be used in locations where it can come in contact with water. (c) Portable electric space heater and cord shall be in good working condition. (d) Portable electrical space heaters shall be plugged into an approved power strip. (e) Shall not be used with an extension cord. (f) Shall be placed at least three feet away from other objects. (g) Shall be removed and replaced when broken. ii) Coffee Makers General Requirements (1) Coffee makers shall meet or have the following requirements: 9 of 54

10 (a) Tested and certified by a nationally recognized testing laboratory such as Underwriters Laboratory (UL). (b) Equipped with an auto shut off. (c) Have an indicator light to show that the coffee maker is on. (2) Uses: (a) Should be placed on a clean level surface. (b) Shall be turned off when not in use. (c) Shall be plugged in to an approved power strip or receptacle. (d) Shall not be plugged into an extension cord. (e) Shall no longer be used unless repaired by a qualified appliance service center when broken. 8) Ground- Fault Circuit Interrupters (GFCI) a) Ground-fault circuit interrupters (either circuit breakers or portable ground-fault interrupting receptacles), are designed to protect personnel from serious injury. i) GFCI shall be used for: (1) All 125-V single-phase, 15-A and 20-A receptacles within 6 feet of a sink or installed outdoors. (2) For all extension cords. (3) Whenever employees will be using any electrical equipment around water or in damp environments. (4) Exceptions to these requirements are: (a) Laboratory areas where receptacles are required (other than on counter tops) to supply power to specific equipment (i.e., receptacles dedicated to refrigerators or other heavy equipment). (b) Line filters and other power supply components in many electronic instruments. These instruments draw sufficient capacitive current to trip a GFCI and therefore are not designed to be connected to GFCI-protected circuits. (c) Any Double Insulated power tool. 10 of 54

11 ii) Inspection of GFCI (1) GFCIs shall be tested monthly, before use, and be properly tested the following ways by the user: (a) Test/Reset Button Test (i) Turn the appliance or light fixture connected to the GFCI. (ii) Press the test button, and the appliance should immediately turn on. If it did not turn on, the GFCI shall be removed and replaced. (iii) If the tested appliance turned on, press the reset button to restore power to the appliance. 9) Wiring Design and Protection a) Use and Identification of grounding conductors i) A grounded prong and other conductors shall be identifiable and distinguishable from all other conductors. ii) No grounded conductor shall be attached to any terminal or lead to reverse designated polarity. iii) Use of grounding terminals and or grounding- type device on a receptacle, cord connector, or attachment plug shall only be used for grounding. b) Inspection of grounding equipment i) Each extension cord, plug and receptacle, except extension cords and receptacles which are fixed and not exposed to damage, shall be visually inspected before each day s use for external and internal defects. ii) Equipment shall not be used until repaired or destroyed, if unrepairable. (1) Use of electrical tape is not allowed for repairs. iii) The following tests shall be performed on all extension cords, receptacles which are not a part of the permanent wiring of the building or structure: (1) All equipment grounding conductors shall be tested for continuity; (2) Each receptacle and plug shall be tested for correct attachment of the equipment grounding conductor; (3) Before first use; 11 of 54

12 (4) Before equipment is returned to service following any repairs; (5) Before equipment is used after any incident which can be reasonably suspected to have caused damage; and (6) At intervals not to exceed 3 months, except that cord sets and receptacles which are fixed and not exposed to damage shall be tested at intervals not exceeding 6 months. iv) All tests performed must be recorded (1) The records shall have the following information: (a) Identification of each receptacle, extension cord, and cord- and plugconnected equipment; (b) Date it was tested or interval for which it was tested; (c) The record shall be maintained until replaced by a more current record. 10) ELECTRICAL MAINTENANCE SAFETY EXPOSURES a) There are three types of hazard associated with maintenance of electrical equipment; shock, arc flash, and arc blast. b) Shock Hazard i) Employees that have come in contact with electrical current, but not considered in immediate danger, shall immediately notify the supervisors. Employee shall seek medical attention as soon as possible to assess for internal and external damages. This is to ensure that upon shock the employee s heart rate is stable since it is controlled by electricity in which the electrical shock can disrupt the beat. ii) The voltages at the District range from milli-volts to 12,470 volts. Each maintenance activity must be evaluated for shock hazard because each is unique. The electrician must select the proper procedure and PPE based on this hazard evaluation. iii) The NFPA 70E requires that live parts over 50 volts must be de-energized before an employee works on or with them except: (1) If de-energizing introduces additional or increased hazards, or (2) Is infeasible due to equipment design or operational limitations (3) Performing diagnostics and testing are examples of work that may need to be done on energized equipment. An Energized Work Permit is required for most 12 of 54

13 live work but not for testing, troubleshooting, voltage measuring, etc. when performed by a qualified person. c) Arc Flash Hazard i) The arc flash hazard must be evaluated by a trained and qualified electrician for each maintenance activity and the proper procedures and PPE selected for the work to be done. Exposure can be limited by not opening doors or removing partitions that isolate high-energy buses and connections. ii) The arc flash levels have not been accurately determined at the District s facilities. This will be accomplished by In lieu of calculated values, the NFPA 70E standard requires the use of tables that define the exposure for different equipment and voltages. The tables will be used until the calculated values are available. d) Arc Blast Hazard i) The level of arc blast hazard is determined by the same criteria as the arc flash. Protection against arc blast effects (pressure wave and projectiles) is more difficult since the best protection is distance and heavy shields. The arc flash PPE offers some protection because of the heaviness of the materials. Arc blast effects can become deadly above 40 cal/cm 2. Because of this, District staff shall not work on energized equipment with arc flash exposures above 40 cal/cm 2, even though the suits are rated for higher arc flash resistance. Hearing protection must also be used when exposed to arc blasts. 11) Safety Programs Procedures a) Several types of procedures are provided as guidelines to safely perform electrical work including master electrical safety procedures, switching procedures, hazard/risk evaluation procedures, lock-out-tag-out procedures, and hot work procedures. It is the qualified employee s responsibility to verify the suitability of these documents for changing conditions and specific requirement of the work. The qualified employee is required to review and modify each procedure prior to starting any work. The qualified employee is also responsible notifying District supervision of any required corrections to the procedures for document revision. b) Master Electrical Safety Procedures i) Master electrical safety procedures for applying protective grounding, high voltage switchgear, low voltage switchgear, low voltage motor control centers, diagnostic testing of electrical equipment have been written for every major type of equipment. The following sections, 1 through 12, are explained in full detail in Appendix A. (1) Purpose of task 13 of 54

14 (2) Qualification and number of employees to be involved (3) Nature of hazard and extent of risk (4) Limits of approach (5) Safe work practices to be utilized (6) Personal protective equipment involved (7) Insulating materials and tools involved (8) Special precautionary techniques (9) Electrical diagrams (10) Equipment details (11) Sketches/pictures of unique features (12) Reference data c) Switching Procedures i) Switching procedures have been produced for each 12kV switchgear at each of the plants. These procedures provide the systematic process to safely switch the switchgears from one mode to another. These procedures are available through the Electrical Maintenance Supervisor at each plant. The qualified employee must verify the procedure is accurate before use. d) Lock-Out-Tag-Out Procedures i) Lock-Out-Tag Out (LOTO) procedures shall be produced that are specific for every isolation. The proper procedure and the requirements of Safety Procedure SP-105 shall be followed for each isolation. Many specific LOTO s already exist and are stored in the District s CMMS system. When a LOTO does not exist for a specific situation, one shall be produced before any work begins. e) Hot Work Procedures i) The following procedures shall be followed whenever there is exposure to or near exposed, energized parts. This includes tasks related to de-energizing and grounding equipment prior to working on the de-energized equipment. ii) Employees shall follow the procedures whenever there is exposure to or near exposed, energized parts. This includes tasks related to de-energizing and grounding equipment prior to working on the de-energized equipment. 14 of 54

15 iii) Hazard/Risk Evaluation Procedures (See Appendix B) (1) A hazard/risk evaluation shall be performed before work is started on or near live parts operating at 50 volts or more or where an electrical hazard exists. The evaluation may be an informal review of the hazards and risks associated with a task or may be a formal documented process that leads to a written energized work permit. The qualified person(s) performing the work make the decision on the level of formality and documentation depending on the following criteria: (a) Familiarity with the specific equipment, task, and location (b) The complexity of the task (c) If the work only involves testing and measuring (d) If an energized work permit is required iv) Energized Work Permit (See Appendix C) (1) An energized work permit is required to be produced and approved if live parts are not placed in an electrically safe work condition before workers are exposed to the hazard. Exceptions to this are: (a) Opening enclosure doors for observation only (b) Testing (c) Troubleshooting (d) Voltage Measuring (e) Applying grounding jumpers as part of a LOTO procedure (2) Live work performed without a permit shall still require a hazard analysis, proper PPE, and conformance to all other safety procedures. v) Job Briefing (1) Any work involving exposure to live parts shall be preceded by a job briefing. The briefing shall include all affected persons performing and/or supporting the work. The briefing shall cover the following topics: (a) Electrical and other hazards associated with the work task (b) Specific procedures that must be followed when executing the work task (c) Any special precautions that are required by the working conditions 15 of 54

16 (d) Where and how to remove the source(s) of energy (e) Emergency response and emergency communications (f) Required PPE (g) Other work in the immediate physical area (h) Other work associated with the same electrical circuits or equipment (2) The job briefing level of detail can be reduced for routine work where all the participants are aware of the hazards or if the task is relatively simple. If newer staff or outside contractors are involved, a complete briefing should be conducted. 12) Guarding of Live Parts a) Live parts of the electric equipment operating at 50 volts or more shall be guarded against accidental contact by approved cabinets or enclosures. b) Wiring over 600 volts shall be enclosed with a barrier, fencing, or other effective means to limit access to authorized and qualified personnel. i) Enclosure for electrical installations shall be accessible to qualified persons only. c) Electrical junction boxes shall be guarded. i) All pull boxes, junction boxes, and fittings shall be covered. ii) Pull and junction boxes for systems over 600 volts shall comply with the following: (1) Boxes shall provide a complete enclosure for the contained conductors to cables. (2) Boxes shall be closed by suitable covers securely fastened in place. iii) If metal covers are used, they shall be grounded. iv) Covers of outlet boxes having holes through which flexible cord pendants pass shall be provided with bushings (knock out covers) designed for the purpose. 13) Working Clearances of Electrical Panels a) Electrical panels shall be free from recognized hazards (e.g. flammable material, loose objects, etc.) to ensure the safety of employees. 16 of 54

17 b) The minimum clear working space in front of electric equipment such as switchboards, control panels, switches, circuit breakers, and similar equipment must maintain the following distance with the following voltage: Nominal voltage to ground Minimum Clear Distance for Condition 2 (ft.) (a) (b) (c) ½ 4 1 Minimum clear distances may be 2 feet 6 inches for installation built prior to April 16, Conditions (a), (b), and (c) are as follows: (a) Exposed live parts on one side and no live or grounded parts on the other side of the working space, or exposed live parts on both sides effectively guarded by suitable wood or other insulating material. Insulated wire or insulated busbars operating at not over 300 volts are not considered live parts. (b) Exposed live parts on one side and grounded parts on the other side. (c) Exposed live parts on both sides of the workspace [not guarded as provided in Condition (a)] with the operator between. Nominal voltage to ground Minimum Clear Distance for Condition 2 (ft.) (a) (b) (c) 601 to 2, ,501 to ,001 to , ,001 to kv 1 Above 75 kv Minimum depth of clear working space in front of electric equipment with a nominal voltage to ground above 25,000 volts may be the same as for 25,000 volts under Conditions (a), (b), (c) for installations built prior to April 16, Conditions (a), (b), and (c) are as follows: (a) Exposed live parts on one side and no live or grounded parts on the other side of the working space, or exposed live parts on both sides effectively guarded by suitable wood or other insulating material. Insulated wire or insulated busbars operating at not over 300 volts are not considered live parts. (b) Exposed live parts on one side and grounded parts on the other side. (c) Exposed live parts on both sides of the workspace not guarded as provided in Condition (a)] with the operator between. 17 of 54

18 c) The working space may not be used for storage. d) Access and entrance to working space. i) At least one entrance of sufficient width shall be provided to give access to the working space about electric equipment. ii) The minimum headroom of working spaces above service equipment, switchboards, panel-boards, or motor control centers shall be 6 feet 3 inches. 14) Testing and Maintenance of Live-Line Tools (Hot Stick) a) Testing of live-line tool rods, tubes, and poles shall meet ASTM F711-89, Standard Specifications, and be designed and constructed to withstand the following minimum tests: i) 100,000 volts per foot of length for 5 minutes for tools made of fiberglass-reinforced plastic (FRP); or ii) 75,000 volts per foot of length for 3 minutes for tools made of wood. b) Maintenance i) Each live-line tool shall be wiped clean and visually inspected for defects before use each day. (1) If the live-line tool is found to have any defect or contamination, the tool shall be repaired before being returned to service or permanently remove. ii) If the tool is not found to have any defect, it should be cleaned and waxed. iii) The live-line tool shall be removed from service every 2 years for examination, cleaning, and repair. 15) Training Requirement a) The NFPA 70E standard provides detailed training requirements for qualified persons. These training requirements include the following: i) Recognizing electrical hazards ii) How to avoid exposure to each hazard iii) How to select and inspect Personnel Protective Equipment (PPE) iv) Emergency procedures v) Knowledge of the construction and operation of the equipment 18 of 54

19 vi) Understanding of employer procedural requirements vii) How to conduct a hazard/risk evaluation viii) How to plan and execute work on or near energized parts ix) Electrical safety training classes are provided to meet the requirements of the standards. They are in addition to the non-electrical safety training provided by the Safety Division and technical training provided through Human Resources. The electrical safety training classes include the following: (1) Protective Relays (a) This class provides an overview of the types and functions of protective relays and how they are used in the plants. (2) Single-line Diagrams (a) This class provides the basics of single-line diagram symbols, how to read the diagrams, and how to obtain the diagrams for the plants. Also covered are common switching schemes and grounding methods. (3) Area Classification (a) This class discusses the why and how of area classification drawings and how they may restrict activities in hazardous areas. (4) NFPA 70E Workplace Hazard Training (a) This class provides a review of safety related work practices and safety related maintenance requirements as presented in the NFPA 70E standard including methods to identify electric hazards and to mitigate them. (5) Electrical Safety Awareness (a) This is an electrical safety class intended for non-qualified, but affected, District staff. (6) Hazardous Energy Awareness (a) This class makes non-qualified workers aware of the hazardous energies they may encounter in the field and gives an overview of the LOTO procedures and what the locks and tags mean. (7) Hazardous Energy Control 19 of 54

20 (a) This is the detailed Lock-Out-Tag-Out class for qualified electrical workers to be taught the requirements and procedures of LOTO and be authorized to perform LOTO procedures. (8) Electrical Distribution Systems at OCSD (a) This class covers the medium and low voltage distribution systems at each plant and the procedures used for switching the systems into different configurations. (9) LOTO Procedure Writing and Field Checkout (a) This is a hands-on class that tests the qualified worker s knowledge and technique in performing an actual LOTO. x) The following table provides the safety training requirements for each classification of Division 860 employee. Job Classifications Training Electricians PPO s Protective Relays Single-line Diagrams Area Classification NFPA 70E Workplace Hazard Training Electrical Safety Awareness Hazardous Energy Awareness Hazardous Energy Control Electrical Distribution Systems at OCSD LOTO Procedure Writing and Field Checkout Every 3 Years Every 3 Years Every 3 Years Every 2 Years Every 3 Years Every 3 Years Every 3 Years Every 2 Years Instrument Technicians N/A N/A Every 3 Years Every 2 Years Power Instrument Technicians Every 3 Years Every 3 Years Every 3 Years Every 2 Years Engineers N/A N/A N/A Every 2 Years PCI Staff N/A Optional N/A Every 2 Years Annual Annual Annual Annual Annual Annual N/A N/A N/A N/A Annual Annual Annual Annual Annual Annual N/A N/A Every 3 Years Every 3 Years Every 3 Years N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 20 of 54

21 16) Protective Equipment Requirements a) PPE Required for Maintenance on Live Equipment i) Personnel Protective Equipment (PPE) for electrical workers is designed to protect against voltage shock hazard and the heat and blast effects of an electric arc. The NFPA 70E standard requires insulation protection for any exposures 50 volts and higher. It requires arc flash and blast protection to be proportional to the level of the potential flash heat expressed in calories per square centimeter. ii) Work on live equipment must be performed with safety-related work practices selected by the qualified worker performing the work. The practices used shall be based on a shock hazard analysis and an arc flash hazard analysis. The standard provides guidelines for performing the required analyses. The selection of the appropriate PPE for the task is a part of the selected work practices for a task. iii) The qualified worker determines the PPE necessary to minimize the possibility of electric shock and the flame-resistant (FR) clothing and other PPE required to protect against the heat and blast energy calculated for the task. NFPA 70E also provides a table {130.7(c) (9) (a)} that can be used to determine the arc flash PPE required for typical tasks. iv) Insulating rubber gloves are among the most important articles of personal protection for electrical workers. Rubber gloves must be used with leather protectors to keep the soft rubber glove from being damaged. Since the protector does not add any significant insulation value, the length of the protector must be less than the length of the rubber glove. The standard ASTM F496 requires Class 00 and 0 gloves to be ½ longer than the protector and Class 2 gloves to be 2 inches longer. When it is required to reach into equipment beyond the length of the glove, insulating rubber sleeves must be used. Gloves are rated by voltage as shown below. Voltage Class Maximum Use Voltage , ,500 17,000 2 i) The following table provides a listing of the PPE required for each level of arc flash protection. Selecting the proper PPE for each task requires the qualified worker to conduct a hazard evaluation to determine the level of exposure. 21 of 54

22 Hazard/Risk Category (HRC) Energy Exposure (cal/cm2) Basic Clothing >4 None Greater than 0 and less than 8 Non-melting or untreated natural fiber shirt and pants Non-melting or untreated natural fiber shirt and pants FR Clothing None 8 cal rated shirt and pants or coveralls Head Protection Hard Hat (ANSI Z89, Class E) Hard Hat (ANSI Z89, Class E) Eye Protection Safety Glasses Safety Glasses Face & Head None Face shield Area Protection with rating of 8 cal 22 of 54 Greater than 8 and less than 40 Non-melting or untreated natural fiber shirt and pants Flash jacket & pants rated greater than 50 cal Hard Hat (ANSI Z89, Class E) Safety Glasses Flash suit hood Greater than 40 No hot work No hot work No hot work No hot work No hot work Hand Protection None Leather gloves Leather gloves No hot work Ear Protection None Ear Plugs Ear Plugs No hot work Foot Protection Leather work shoes Leather work shoes Leather work shoes No hot work ii) The OSHA standards have additional restrictions on what an employee wears with regard to jewelry and clothing under the PPE: When work is performed within reaching distance of exposed energized parts of equipment, the employee shall remove or renders nonconductive all exposed conductive articles, such as key or watch chains, rings, or wrist watches or bands, unless such articles do not increase the hazards associated with contact with the energized parts. The employee who is exposed to the hazards of flames or electric arcs shall not wear clothing that, when exposed to flames or electric arcs, could increase the extent of injury that would be sustained by the employee. Clothing made from the following types of fabrics, either alone or in blends, is prohibited, unless the fabric has been treated to withstand the conditions that may be encountered or that the clothing is worn in such a manner as to eliminate the hazard involved: acetate, nylon, polyester, rayon. iii) Requirements for Maintenance of PPE (1) Protective equipment shall be maintained in a safe, reliable condition. The protective equipment shall be inspected before each use. Any leaks or damage

23 to gloves shall be marked and the gloves shall not be used and removed from service. Voltage insulation tests shall be conducted on gloves before they are issued and every six months after. Insulating blankets and sleeves shall be insulation tested before first issue and every twelve months after. (a) Insulated gloves shall be inspected by a laboratory that follows the ASTM requirements for inspection of rubber insulated gloves and sleeves. (2) Live-line insulated tools shall be wiped clean and visually inspected before and after each use. Live-line tools used as primary employee protection shall be professionally inspected, cleaned, repaired and tested every two years. For example if a hot stick is used on energized equipment without using properly rated insulating gloves, the hot stick is the primary protection and needs to be tested every two years. (a) Live line tools shall be inspected by a laboratory that follows the ASTM requirements for inspection of live line tools. (3) Safety grounding equipment including cable and connectors shall be inspected and tested annually. In addition, protective grounding equipment shall be given a visual inspection before each use. Each ground shall be marked to show its most recent test date. iv) Protective Grounding (1) The installation of protective or safety grounds at a work location protects employees from the following hazards: (a) Capacitive Storage: Shielded cables act as capacitors and store energy that only slowly dissipates when they are de-energized. (b) Electrostatic Induction: A de-energized line may pick up a static charge from parallel, energized circuits in the area. The amount of charge depends on such things as the length of the parallel run, the distance between lines, atmospheric conditions, etc, and can reach values that are hazardous to employees. (c) Electromagnetic induction: When a de-energized line parallels a line carrying either load or fault current, the de-energized line may have a voltage induced on it in the same manner as the secondary of a transformer. (d) Accidental Closing: Although all potential feeds for a de-energized circuit are required to be visibly open and tagged out prior to the commencement of work, the possibility of someone inadvertently energizing the circuit still remains. 23 of 54

24 (e) Equipment Failure: The insulation of the switching devices that were opened to de-energize the circuit could either break down or track over and energize the line on which the work is being done. (f) Backfeed: In addition to the primary sources, there are several secondary sources that can cause current to flow in a de-energized circuit. Some examples are parallel transformers, instrument transformers, metering installations, and auxiliary generators. (2) When a worker comes into contact with a grounded line, they place themselves in parallel with the protective grounds. If the equipment becomes energized, the voltage they would be exposed to would depend on the resistance of the protective grounds and the distance between the grounds and the worker. For the best protection, protective grounds must fulfill the following requirements: (a) Low resistance (i) Protective grounds Protective grounds must conduct the entire fault current and provide a low enough resistance to cause the protective devices to operate quickly. A low resistance is achieved by: 1. Clean connections 2. Tight connections 3. Adequate current carrying capacity (b) Inspection and Testing (i) Protective grounding equipment must be tested regularly and inspected before each use. (c) Connection and Proper Points (i) Protective grounds applied remotely from the work site (in adjacent switchgear or at the source end of the feeder to the switchgear) will have additional impedance compared to grounds applied at the work site. For this reason, grounds should be placed at the work location. When there is a neutral conductor, it should also be connected to the protective grounds. (d) Movement of the Protective Grounding Cables (i) The electric fields produced when large currents flow through grounding cables will cause the cable to whip violently. For this reason, grounding 24 of 54

25 cables should be kept as short as possible and placed such that workers are not injured should whipping of cables occur. 22) REFERENCES a) MyOCSD b) Glossary Federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), CFR National Fire Protection Agency (NFPA) 70E National Electrical Code (NEC) Safety-Pol-102: Personal Protective Equipment Safety-Pol-105: Hazardous Energy Control Safety-Pol-108: Contractor/Vendor Safety Policy 25 of 54

26 Appendix A Master Safety Procedures 1) Applying Protective Grounding 2) High Voltage Switchgear 3) Low Voltage Switchgear 4) Low Voltage Motor Control Centers 5) Diagnostic Testing of Electrical Equipment

27 Appendix A Applying Protective Grounding 1) Applying Protective Grounding a) Purpose of Procedure i) The purpose of this procedure is to provide guidelines for safely applying grounding jumpers to verify conductors are de-energized and that overprotection devices will quickly interrupt the circuit if the conductors are unintentionally energized. b) Qualification and number of employees to be involved i) Employees performing this work must be qualified workers as defined in the District s Electrical Safety Program Manual. A minimum of two workers are required. c) Nature of hazard and extent of risk i) A hazard/risk evaluation shall be conducted to determine the hazards and risks. d) Limits of approach i) The hazard analysis shall determine the limits of approach. e) Safe work practices to be utilized i) Worksite Review (1) The worksite shall be evaluated prior to commencing testing. A hazard/risk evaluation checklist may be used as described in Appendix B. (2) When it is necessary to prevent or limit employee access to work areas containing live parts, the employees will ensure the following: (a) Barriers or guards shall be used in conjunction with warning signs, and shall be no closer than 3 feet for 600 volts. (b) Barriers shall be placed no closer than Limited Approach Boundary of Flash Protection Boundary. (c) Obstacles that would impede emergency procedures shall be removed prior to commencing work. ii) Job Briefing (1) A job briefing may be required. The briefing must identify the types and magnitudes of energy sources, energy control (LOTO) procedures, emergency

28 Appendix A Applying Protective Grounding procedures, and required PPE. The following procedures shall be used to apply grounding jumpers: (a) All grounding clamps shall be placed on phase conductors with an approved hot stick. Use of 20,000-volt rubber gloves is required. Use of proper arc flash PPE is also required with the rating determined by the calculated exposure level or assumed to be HRC 4. (b) Only approved grounding cables and clamps shall be used for protective grounding. (c) Before applying grounds to any conductor, the conductor must be tested for voltage with an approved tester to verify the conductor is in fact de-energized. The function of the tester should also be verified before and after each voltage test (a three-point test). (d) The surface of all grounding connections must be cleaned at the point where ground clamps are to be applied. Most often, this is accomplished by using a hot-stick mounted wire brush. (i) On steel structures, special grounding clamps that can be attached to angle iron are required. (ii) Some steel structures are equipped with grounding pads. In this case, the normal grounding clamp must be removed and attached to the steel via a bolted connection. (iii) Grounding clamps shall not be installed over cable termination paddles. (e) When applying grounds to de-energized equipment, the grounding cables shall be connected to the ground before being brought near the conductor that is to be grounded. (f) All grounding connections should be made so they do not interfere with the work. Cables should be carefully secured so as not to present a hazard to the workers. (g) Workers should avoid standing near earth grounds to which protective grounding systems are attached. (h) Protective grounds shall never be installed in series with a fuse or switch. EXCEPTION: there may be times when it is necessary to ground through a solid blade disconnect, however, the Supervisor in charge of the job must 28 of 54

29 Appendix A Applying Protective Grounding authorize this practice and additional steps must be taken to ensure the disconnect switch is not opened during the time the protective grounding is necessary. (i) Grounding cables shall be sized in accordance with designated fault current ranges. Normally, 4/0 AWG copper cables are required for buses with greater than 20,000 amps of available fault current. Number 2/0 AWG copper cables can be used for buses with 10,000 to 20,000 amps, and #2 AWG Copper wire for buses rated below 10,000 amps. f) Personal Protective Equipment Involved i) High Risk Category (HRC) 4 PPE ii) High voltage gloves iii) Electrical Hazard Shoes g) Insulating Materials and Tools Involved i) High Voltage Hot Sticks ii) High Voltage Audio/Visual Tester iii) Grounding cables iv) Fiberglass Ladders h) Special Precautionary Measures i) Safety grounding of phase conductors is usually applied only to circuits over 600 volts. However, if there is a possibility of low voltage conductors unintentionally becoming energized, grounding jumpers should be applied. ii) Jewelry and other conductive materials shall not be worn. i) Electrical Diagrams i) Electrical drawings are provided in each electrical equipment room. The single-line drawings should be verified against the latest version in the one-line Engineering database. j) Equipment details 29 of 54

30 Appendix A Applying Protective Grounding (a) Shop drawings of the equipment are provided in each electrical equipment room. They can also be obtained from the O&M Library database. k) Sketches/pictures of unique features (a) Only needed in specific situations where planning is required to method of grounding or to expedite the process. determine l) Reference data (a) NFPA 70E 30 of 54

31 Appendix A High Voltage Switchgear 2) High Voltage Switchgear a) Purpose of Procedure i) The purpose of this procedure is to provide guidelines for safely working on high voltage disconnect switches and motor controllers. b) Qualification and number of employees to be involved i) Employees performing any live work including switching grounding, or other work near exposed live parts must be qualified workers as defined in the District s Electrical Safety Program Manual. A minimum of two workers are required for any work involving exposed live parts. ii) Once the switchgear is de-energized and safety grounds are applied, non-qualified workers may approach and work on the equipment. c) Nature of hazard and extent of risk i) A hazard analysis shall be conducted to determine the hazards and risks associated with the specific activities to be performed. d) Limits of approach i) The hazard/risk evaluation shall determine the limits of approach. e) Safe work practices to be utilized i) The Worksite Review (1) The work site shall be evaluated prior to commencing testing. A hazard/risk evaluation checklist may be used as described in Appendix B. (2) When it is necessary to prevent or limit employee access to work areas containing live parts, then employees will ensure the following: (a) Barriers or guards shall be used in conjunction with warning signs, and shall be no closer than 3 feet for voltage above 600 volts. (b) Barriers shall be placed no closer than the Limited Approach Boundary of Flash Protection Boundary. 31 of 54

32 Appendix A High Voltage Switchgear (c) Obstacles that would impede emergency procedures shall also be removed prior to commencing work. ii) Job briefing (1) A job briefing may be required. The briefing must identfify the types and magnitudes of energy sources, energy control (LOTO) procedures, emergency procedures, and required PPE. The following procedure shall be used to deenergize high voltage switchgear: (a) Develop a site specific written lockout/tagout procedure (b) Supervisor conducts a pre-job tailgate meeting (c) Notify Operations of power shutdown (d) If required, put affected buses on standby generator power. Caution: Any 600V and above breaker that is locked and tagged prior to 600V or above maintenance shall have the lock and tag remain in the cubicle after the breaker is removed for maintenance. (e) Wearing a minimum HRC 2 PPE, qualified electrician de-energizes all required switchgear in accordance with LOTO procedure. (f) Qualified electrician ensures that all personnel are wearing HRC 4 flash suits while performing steps g through i. Warning: Failure to wear HRC 4 PPE while performing Steps g through i could result in severe injury in the event of a fire or explosion. (g) Remove panel covers in the back of the cubicle to be grounded. (h) Perform high voltage test as follows: (i) Test the High Voltage Audio/Visual Tester on some known working voltage to ensure that the tester is working correctly. (ii) Test the three phases for high voltage. (iii) Re-test the High Voltage Audio/Visual Tester on some known working voltage to ensure that the tester is working correctly. 32 of 54