Power Transformer Maintenance. Maintenance Practices & Procedures for Substation Class Distribution Power Transformers

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Power Transformer Maintenance. Maintenance Practices & Procedures for Substation Class Distribution Power Transformers"

Transcription

1 Maintenance Practices & Procedures for Substation Class Distribution Power Transformers

2 Why should special maintenance practices be applied to power transformers? Power transformers utilize active cooling systems Equipped with additional monitoring and protection equipment Represent a large capital investment Often serve critical customers who suffer very large financial losses in the case of transformer failure Spare power transformers are typically not available and replacements can take several months

3 Why should special maintenance practices be applied to power transformers? IEEE/ANSI consider average transformer life to be years based on the assumption that adequate maintenance is performed over their service life. IEEE life based on a continual ambient temperature of 40º C and temperature rise of 65º C Due to lower ambient temperatures and lower temperature rises in typical distribution conditions, transformer life can be extended to 40 years or more with proper monitoring and maintenance.

4 Why should special maintenance practices be applied to power transformers?

5 A transformer s 2 worst enemies? HEAT

6 and WATER

7 Operation at only 10% above the transformer temperature rating will cut transformer life by 50% Transformer heating by: Internal losses due to loading High ambient temperature Solar radiation FortisAlberta makes use of ONAN/ONAF/ONAF cooling systems on power transformers. ONAN Oil Natural/Air Natural ONAF Oil Natural/Air Forced

8 Typical Oil Flow of ONAF cooling system

9 Inspection of ONAF Equipped Power Transformers Performed after 1 month of service and yearly Visible leaks and/or corrosion Shutoff valve position on radiators Fans Radiators Bushings Gaskets Top oil thermometer Winding temperature thermometer Thermometer testing every 3-5 years

10 Inspection of ONAF Equipped Power Transformers Inspection after 1 month and every 3-5 years Oil Level Indicator

11 Inspection of ONAF Equipped Power Transformers Inspected after 1 month of service and yearly Pressure relief device

12 Inspection of ONAF Equipped Power Transformers Inspected after 1 month of service and yearly Sudden Pressure Relay

13 Sealed Breathing System Allows breathing to the atmosphere when pre-set pressure gradients are surpassed Can lead to oil contamination

14 Electrical Testing of Power Transformers Performed before energizing and every 3-5 years Factory testing records should be kept as baseline records Testing done before energizing to ensure no damage occurred during shipping and as confirmation of factory testing Test throughout the life of the transformer when customer shutdowns or outages allow Test when a known fault has occurred

15 Insulating Power Factor Test Provides overall test of the insulating properties of a transformer Measures the power losses due to leakage current through the insulation Turns Ratio Test Can detect shorted turns in the windings or a defective tap changer Early indication of transformer failure

16 Winding Resistance Test Direct current evaluation test of the insulation Reliable indication of the presence of moisture, contamination, or breakdown in the insulation Core Insulation Resistance Test Measured by standard megger test Core ground must be disconnected prior to test Detects deteriorating insulation between the core and ground

17 Transformer Oils Transformer oils perform at least three functions for the transformer: Provides Insulation Provides Cooling Helps extinguish arcs Oils also dissolve elements that can be measured for analysis from: Oil degradation Moisture and gas from cellulose insulation degradation Gases and moisture from whatever atmosphere the oil is exposed to

18 Dissolved Gases in Transformer Oil Close observation of dissolved gases in the oil, and other oil properties, PROVIDE THE MOST VALUABLE INFORMATION REGARDING TRANSFORMER HEALTH Oil samples should be taken and sent to a qualified lab for analysis prior to energizing, one month into service and yearly thereafter Great care must be taken to ensure that the sample does not become contaminated and is not exposed to the atmosphere

19 Dissolved Gases Analysis (DGA) is the most valuable diagnostic tool available as part of a transformer maintenance schedule. It is paramount that accurate records of DGA for each individual transformer are kept as trends in gas concentration changes are far more valuable than individual gas concentrations. A sudden increase in key gases and the rate of gas production is more important in evaluating a transformer than the amount of gas present in a DGA The exception to this is the presence of Acetylene (C 2 H 2 )

20 IEEE C outlines a method of interpreting DGA known as the Key Gas Method This method sets conditions that coincide with given concentrations of gases and outlines recommended actions based on these concentrations and their generation rates Key Gases are: Hydrogen (H 2 ) Methane (CH 4 ) Ethane (C 2 H 6 ) Ethylene (C 2 H 4 ) Acetylene (C 2 H 2 ) Carbon Monoxide (CO) Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) Oxygen (O 2 )

21 IEEE C DCG Conditions

22 IEEE C Recommended Actions for DCG

23 Large concentrations of Nitrogen (N 2 ), near saturation, can also be discovered through DGA, but present no concern as this is due to the nitrogen gas blanket that is injected in the tank above the oil by the manufacturer. Large concentrations of atmospheric gasses (N 2, CO 2, O 2 ) can be very valuable in DGA in revealing a possible leak. The presence of Acetylene (C 2 H 2 ), and to a lesser extent Ethylene (C 2 H 4 ), in concentrations higher than trace levels should be further investigated as these gases typically are only produced under arching conditions.

24

25 IEC Fault Types indicated by DGA

26 Moisture Problems Each time the moisture is doubled in paper insulation, the life of the transformer is cut in half. The life of the transformer IS the life of the paper! Keeping the water and oxygen levels in a transformer to a minimum will greatly extend the life of a transformer. The sealed breathing tank system creates the possibility of moisture and oxygen problems as the external atmosphere will be allowed to enter the tank under conditions where the tank is in vacuum.

27 Moisture Problems Moisture, especially in the presence of oxygen, is extremely hazardous to cellulose transformer insulation Each DGA or Insulating Power Factor Test should be analyzed to determine the moisture by dry weight (M/DW) that is present in the paper insulation New transformers typically have a M/DW under 0.5% Plans should be made to dry out the transformer insulation once a M/DW of 2% has been reached. An M/DW value of 4% presents a great danger of flashover

28 Moisture Problems Moisture causes insulation to decay, which forms more moisture, acids and sludge The additional moisture and acids further increase the rate of insulation decay Sludge coats the coils and radiators, leading to a slowly rising operating temperature for a given load and ambient temperature Both of these conditions lead to exponentially increasing insulation decay if steps are not taken to dry out the transformer.

29 Where does the water come from? Some moisture is in the insulation when it is delivered from the factory Atmospheric moisture can enter the transformer when it is opened for inspection or through the breather system when the tank is in vacuum Rain or atmospheric moisture can enter the tank through leaky gaskets, especially during times of rapid transformer cooling when a vacuum is created inside the tank

30 Water Distribution in Oil and Paper

31 Additional Oil Tests the be performed with DGA Dielectric Strength Test Measures the voltage at which the oil electrically breaks down. Gives a good indication of contaminants in the oil As per ASTM Test Method D-877 or D-1816 Interfacial Tension Test (IFT) Determines interfacial tension between distilled water and oil Measures concentration of particles in the oil

32 Additional Oil Tests the be performed with DGA Acid Number Test Measures the amount of potassium hydroxide required to neutralize acid in the oil. Test for Oxygen Inhibitor (every 3-5 years) Determines level of inhibitor present The inhibitor acts as a sacrificial substance that the oxygen will react with rather than with metal or paper within the transformer. Power Factor Test Indicates dielectric loss (leakage current) if Doble Test is not available Power factor should be maintained at less than 0.5% at 25 C

33 Questions?

TRANSFORMER SERVICE. Dissolved gas analysis and oil condition testing

TRANSFORMER SERVICE. Dissolved gas analysis and oil condition testing TRANSFORMER SERVICE Dissolved gas analysis and oil condition testing D I S S O LV E D G A S A N A LY S I S A N D O I L C O N D I T I O N T E S T I N G Transformer diagnostic services at ABB perform dissolved

More information

A REVIEW OF DISSOLVED GAS ANALYSIS AND TRANSFORMER HEALTH CONDITION

A REVIEW OF DISSOLVED GAS ANALYSIS AND TRANSFORMER HEALTH CONDITION A REVIEW OF DISSOLVED GAS ANALYSIS AND TRANSFORMER HEALTH CONDITION Athira K Anil 1, Archana R 2 1 PG Student, Electrical and Electronics Engineering, FISAT, Kerala, India 2 Associate Professor, Electrical

More information

Dissolved Gas Analysis - Past, Present and Future

Dissolved Gas Analysis - Past, Present and Future I. INTRODUCTION Dissolved Gas Analysis - Past, Present and Future Fredi Jakob Weidmann-ACTI Inc. It has been well over thirty years since dissolved gas analysis, DGA, was introduced as a diagnostic tool

More information

MODERN APPROACH FOR CONDITION MONITORING OF POWER TRANSFORMERS USING DISSOLVED GAS ANALYSIS

MODERN APPROACH FOR CONDITION MONITORING OF POWER TRANSFORMERS USING DISSOLVED GAS ANALYSIS MODERN APPROACH FOR CONDITION MONITORING OF POWER TRANSFORMERS USING DISSOLVED GAS ANALYSIS Zohra Khan 1, Avinash Paranjpe 2 1 ME Student, Electrical Power System, PES COE/ Dr. B.A.M. University, (India)

More information

EXPERIENCES WITH APPLICATION, DIAGNOSTIC VALUE AND IMPACT ON ASSET MANAGEMENT OF INSULATION OIL ANALYSIS

EXPERIENCES WITH APPLICATION, DIAGNOSTIC VALUE AND IMPACT ON ASSET MANAGEMENT OF INSULATION OIL ANALYSIS The 9 th International Symposium on High Voltage Engineering, Pilsen, Czech Republic, August, 23 28, 25 EXPERIENCES WITH APPLICATION, DIAGNOSTIC VALUE AND IMPACT ON ASSET MANAGEMENT OF INSULATION OIL ANALYSIS

More information

Categorizing Faults via DGA. GE Grid Solutions M&D

Categorizing Faults via DGA. GE Grid Solutions M&D ategorizing Faults via DGA GE Grid Solutions M&D First, What Is Transformer Dissolved Gas Analysis? Sample Test Doc Diagnosis Doctors extract information about our health from our blood. Technicians extract

More information

A Revised Framework for the Transformer DGA Guide

A Revised Framework for the Transformer DGA Guide A Revised Framework for the Transformer DGA Guide Jim Dukarm for WG C57.104 Spring 2007 Presentation Topics Purpose and scope of the Guide Main departures from earlier versions Definition of transformer

More information

Guide for the Sampling of Oil from Trench COTA Bushings for DGA

Guide for the Sampling of Oil from Trench COTA Bushings for DGA Instruction Guide for the Sampling of Oil from Trench COTA Bushings for DGA Forward This instruction is protected by copyright. Imparting to any third party and reproduction of any kind without written

More information

Online DGA-monitoring of power transformers

Online DGA-monitoring of power transformers Online DGA-monitoring of power transformers Senior Industry Expert, Vaisala Finland Member of CIGRE A2/D1.47 and D1.52 WGs April 2018 Vaisala Webinar content 1. Dissolved gases why and which gases 2. Fault

More information

Distribution Transformer Instruction Manual

Distribution Transformer Instruction Manual Distribution Transformer Instruction Manual TABLE OF CONTENTS SHIPPING.. 3 INSPECTION ON RECEIPT 3 HANDLING.. 4 INTERNAL INSPECTION 5 STORAGE.. 6 LOCATION 6 PREPARING FOR SERVICE 7 PUTTING INTO SERVICE

More information

Understanding Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) Techniques and Interpretations

Understanding Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) Techniques and Interpretations By Jeff Golarz ABSTRACT The use of Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) as a method for determining the types of pending or occurring faults within power transformers has been in practice for many years. It has

More information

DISSOLVED GAS ANALYSIS OF NATURAL ESTER FLUIDS UNDER ELECTRICAL AND THERMAL STRESS

DISSOLVED GAS ANALYSIS OF NATURAL ESTER FLUIDS UNDER ELECTRICAL AND THERMAL STRESS DISSOLVED GAS ANALYSIS OF NATURAL ESTER FLUIDS UNDER ELECTRICAL AND THERMAL STRESS M. Jovalekic 1*, D. Vukovic 1 and S. Tenbohlen 1 1 Institute of Power Transmission and High Voltage Technology (IEH) University

More information

Dissolved Gas Analysis An Early Identification of Faults in High Voltage Power Equipment using MATLAB GUI

Dissolved Gas Analysis An Early Identification of Faults in High Voltage Power Equipment using MATLAB GUI Dissolved Gas Analysis An Early Identification of Faults in High Voltage Power Equipment using MATLAB GUI A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF Master of Technology

More information

Since the beginning of production of oil for transformers

Since the beginning of production of oil for transformers EVENTS DIAGNOSTICS Photo courtesy of Končar D&ST, Zagreb, Croatia Chromatographic analysis of gases from the transformer The process of creating and detecting gases in the transformers ABSTRACT Given the

More information

Transformer Lifecycle Services. Container Id: Miscellaneous Id: Second Name: Sequence #:

Transformer Lifecycle Services. Container Id: Miscellaneous Id: Second Name: Sequence #: Report # 173396 Sample # 1 Transformer Lifecycle Services Received 08/09/2016 Date August 10, 2016 Serial Number: 100413030004 Substation Name: Colorado Bend Design Type: Core Type Manufacturer: HicoA

More information

Monitoring transformers with infrared cameras

Monitoring transformers with infrared cameras APPLICATION NOTE Monitoring transformers with infrared cameras Most transformers are cooled by either oil or air while operating at temperatures much higher than ambient. In fact, operating temperatures

More information

Diagnostics of HV bushings through oil sampling and analysis. Experience with GSU transformers

Diagnostics of HV bushings through oil sampling and analysis. Experience with GSU transformers DIAGNOSTICS Bushings are a critical part of the transformer, and their failures often have destructive consequences for the transformer, with a high risk of fire ABSTRACT Bushings are highly stressed parts

More information

Research Article. Fault diagnosis of power transformer based on chemical properties of insulation oil

Research Article. Fault diagnosis of power transformer based on chemical properties of insulation oil Available online www.jocpr.com Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 015, 7(3):83-88 Research Article ISSN : 0975-7384 CODEN(USA) : JCPRC5 Fault diagnosis of power transformer based on chemical

More information

Comparison of Different DGA (Dissolved Gas Analysis) Methods for the Condition Assessment of Power Transformers

Comparison of Different DGA (Dissolved Gas Analysis) Methods for the Condition Assessment of Power Transformers Comparison of Different DGA (Dissolved Gas Analysis) Methods for the Condition Assessment of Power Transformers P. Werle, C. Radigk ABB Transformatoren GmbH Halle, Gemany peter.werle@de.abb.com W. Sorgatz

More information

BPZM-MRD Nitrogen Injection System

BPZM-MRD Nitrogen Injection System BPZM-MRD Nitrogen Injection System (Transformer protector) Overview BPZM-MRD Nitrogen Injection Explosion Prevention & Fire Protection System became more advanced fire protection and explosion prevention

More information

INSTRUCTION BOOK CARE AND MAINTENANCE OF OIL-IMMERSED (R-TEMP-OR SILICONE IMMERSED) TRANSFORMERS

INSTRUCTION BOOK CARE AND MAINTENANCE OF OIL-IMMERSED (R-TEMP-OR SILICONE IMMERSED) TRANSFORMERS Industrial Transformers Secondary Substation Transformers INSTRUCTION BOOK CARE AND MAINTENANCE OF OIL-IMMERSED (R-TEMP-OR SILICONE IMMERSED) TRANSFORMERS TABLE OF CONTENTS Page SHIPPING........2 INSPECTION

More information

Improved Monitoring of Dissolved Transformer Gases on the Basis of a Natural Internal Standard (NIS)

Improved Monitoring of Dissolved Transformer Gases on the Basis of a Natural Internal Standard (NIS) CIGRÈ 23 BRUGGE 2007 Improved Monitoring of Dissolved Transformer Gases on the Basis of a Natural Internal Standard (NIS) E. Bräsel, U. Sasum Gatron Germany Eckhard.Braesel@gatron.de J. Aragon-Patil, S.

More information

DEH Instructions. Three-Phase, Platform-Mounted Distribution Transformers

DEH Instructions. Three-Phase, Platform-Mounted Distribution Transformers g DEH 40050 Instructions Three-Phase, Platform-Mounted Distribution Transformers Introduction The equipment covered by these instructions should be operated and serviced only by competent technicians familiar

More information

Nandkumar Wagh, D.M. Deshpande

Nandkumar Wagh, D.M. Deshpande International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 4, Issue 9, September-2013 2503 Fuzzy Decision on Transformer Fault Diagnosis using Dissolved Gas Analysis and IEC Ratio Codes Nandkumar

More information

Cal/OSHA T8 CCR 1536 Cal/OSHA T8 CCR 4799 Cal/OSHA T8 CCR 4845 Cal/OSHA T8 CCR 4848

Cal/OSHA T8 CCR 1536 Cal/OSHA T8 CCR 4799 Cal/OSHA T8 CCR 4845 Cal/OSHA T8 CCR 4848 Cal/OSHA Gas Systems for Welding GAS WELDING Cal/OSHA T8 CCR 1536 Cal/OSHA T8 CCR 4799 Cal/OSHA T8 CCR 4845 Cal/OSHA T8 CCR 4848 When performing gas welding, the following precautions, work procedures,

More information

For many applications, there is no technical reason anymore to keep the oil volumes of a transformer with vacuum type OLTC separated

For many applications, there is no technical reason anymore to keep the oil volumes of a transformer with vacuum type OLTC separated COLUMN For many applications, there is no technical reason anymore to keep the oil volumes of a transformer with vacuum type OLTC separated 20 TRANSFORMERS MAGAZINE Volume 4, Issue 2 Rainer FROTSCHER Common

More information

FIRE PREVENTION METHOD FOR 275KV OIL-FILLED CABLE IN TEPCO

FIRE PREVENTION METHOD FOR 275KV OIL-FILLED CABLE IN TEPCO FIRE PREVENTION METHOD FOR 275KV OIL-FILLED CABLE IN TEPCO Atsushi Toya, Tokyo Electric Power Company, (Japan), toya.atsushi@tepco.co.jp Shinsuke Nasukawa, Tokyo Electric Power Company, (Japan), nasukawa.shinsuke@tepco.co.jp

More information

Distribution Transformer. Instruction Manual. For Domestic Use

Distribution Transformer. Instruction Manual. For Domestic Use CENTURY INFRAPOWER PVT.LTD. S-23, ALANKAR PLAZA, VIDHYADHAR NAGAR, JAIPUR-302023 (RAJ.) Distribution Transformer Instruction Manual For Domestic Use Introduction:- The three phase pad mounted distribution

More information

SUBSTATION MAINTENANCE ELECTRICAL OPERATING PROCEDURE

SUBSTATION MAINTENANCE ELECTRICAL OPERATING PROCEDURE Page 1 of 6 A. PURPOSE AND SCOPE This procedure establishes safe working practices for handling sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6 ) gas and release minimization practices. This document also specifies methods

More information

Inert Air (N2) Systems Manual

Inert Air (N2) Systems Manual INSTRUCTION MANUAL Inert Air (N2) Systems Manual N2-MANUAL 2.10 READ AND UNDERSTAND THIS MANUAL PRIOR TO OPERATING OR SERVICING THIS PRODUCT. GENERAL INFORMATION Positive pressure nitrogen gas pressurizing

More information

i) Filtration machine, measuring equipment and other related machinery

i) Filtration machine, measuring equipment and other related machinery 5 MVA TRANSFORMER SERVICE AND MAINTENANCE FOR TATA CHEMICALS MAGADI. SAFETY MEASURES AND REQUIREMENTS i) A thorough site risk assessment to be done before commencement of work. ii) All personnel involved

More information

CON ACT. Parts and Service News For the Power Transformer and

CON ACT. Parts and Service News For the Power Transformer and ABB CON ACT Parts and Service News For the Power Transformer and March 1998 Circuit Breaker Maintenance Community Special No. 1 Type 'U' "The Clock is Ticking" Up-to-the-Minute News About Type "U" Transformer

More information

ON-LINE MONITORING OF REGULATOR TRANSFORMER AT THE MARGEM DIREITA SS IN ITAIPU. M. E. G. ALVES* Treetech Sistemas Digitais Ltda.

ON-LINE MONITORING OF REGULATOR TRANSFORMER AT THE MARGEM DIREITA SS IN ITAIPU. M. E. G. ALVES* Treetech Sistemas Digitais Ltda. Décimo Tercer Encuentro Regional Iberoamericano de CIGRÉ [13 th Iberian- American Regional Conference of CIGRÉ] Puerto Iguazú, Argentina - May 24 to 28, 2009 ON-LINE MONITORING OF REGULATOR TRANSFORMER

More information

Managing on-load tap changer life cycle in tenaga nasional berhad (TNB) distribution power transformers

Managing on-load tap changer life cycle in tenaga nasional berhad (TNB) distribution power transformers 24th International Conference & Exhibition on Electricity Distribution (CIRED) 12-15 June 2017 Session 1: Network components Managing on-load tap changer life cycle in tenaga nasional berhad (TNB) distribution

More information

Department of Physics Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) Approved by: Physics Safety Committee

Department of Physics Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) Approved by: Physics Safety Committee Page: Page 1 of 5 1 Introduction Compressed gas cylinders can present a variety of hazards due to their pressure and/or contents. One of the contributing factor to these hazards is gas leak due to malfunction

More information

Draft Guide for the Interpretation of Gases in Oil Immersed Transformers

Draft Guide for the Interpretation of Gases in Oil Immersed Transformers Draft Guide for the Interpretation of Gases in Oil Immersed Transformers Sponsored by the Transformers Committee of the IEEE Power Engineering Society Copyright 2004 by the Institute of Electrical and

More information

Mathieu Guertin. Morgan Schaffer Inc. Canada. Director Europe, Russia and Africa. A cost effective strategy for smart grid technology adoption

Mathieu Guertin. Morgan Schaffer Inc. Canada. Director Europe, Russia and Africa. A cost effective strategy for smart grid technology adoption Mathieu Guertin Director Europe, Russia and Africa Morgan Schaffer Inc. Canada A cost effective strategy for smart grid technology adoption Why protecting assets? Cost of fault: $52 MILLIONS!!! Easy ROI

More information

Barrier Development and Evaluation Methodology. D.S. Musgrave 1 1 Thermal Visions, Inc., Granville, USA

Barrier Development and Evaluation Methodology. D.S. Musgrave 1 1 Thermal Visions, Inc., Granville, USA Barrier Development and Evaluation Methodology D.S. Musgrave 1 1 Thermal Visions, Inc., Granville, USA 1. Introduction: Vacuum insulation is now a rapidly expanding market and technical advances are being

More information

C Dissolved Gas Analysis Of Load Tap Changers. Working Group

C Dissolved Gas Analysis Of Load Tap Changers. Working Group C57.139 Dissolved Gas Analysis Of Load Tap Changers Working Group Data Analysis Update Spring 2007 Data Analysis Agenda 1. 1. Update of of activity 2. 2. Data analysis 3. 3. Review examples in in reverse

More information

Transformer Maintenance

Transformer Maintenance PDHonline Course E212 (10 PDH) Transformer Maintenance Instructor: Bijan Ghayour, PE 2012 PDH Online PDH Center 5272 Meadow Estates Drive Fairfax, VA 22030-6658 Phone & Fax: 703-988-0088 www.pdhonline.org

More information

TM8 On-Line Gas Chromatography DGA Monitor Operation & Maintenance Guide Model TMx Series

TM8 On-Line Gas Chromatography DGA Monitor Operation & Maintenance Guide Model TMx Series TMx Operation & Maintenance Guide 810-1652-03 Rev B TM8 On-Line Gas Chromatography DGA Monitor Operation & Maintenance Guide Model TMx Series June, 2017 Document ID: 810-1652-03 Rev B www.serveron.com

More information

Predicting the Remaining Life of Vacuum Interrupters in the Field

Predicting the Remaining Life of Vacuum Interrupters in the Field Predicting the Remaining Life of Vacuum Interrupters in the Field Applying the Magnetron Atmosphere Condition Assessment (MAC) Test in a Field Environment INTRODUCTION Historical Perspective Historically,

More information

EZI-DRY Pty Limited ABN:

EZI-DRY Pty Limited ABN: EZI-DRY Pty Limited ABN: 98 114 507 443 PO Box 370 Phone: 02 49711993 Swansea NSW 2281 Fax: 02 49716320 Mobile: 0427587900 Email: ezidry@exemail.com.au 1. Breather operation Why EZI-DRY Breathers? Most

More information

AQUARIUS. Operating Instructions for the. Type 70 Electrolytic Gas Soldering / Welding Unit. Table of Contents

AQUARIUS. Operating Instructions for the. Type 70 Electrolytic Gas Soldering / Welding Unit. Table of Contents AQUARIUS Operating Instructions for the Type 70 Electrolytic Gas Soldering / Welding Unit Table of Contents 1. Important General Remarks 2 2. Safety Instructions 2 3. Description of the Soldering Unit

More information

Hydro Plant Risk Assessment Guide

Hydro Plant Risk Assessment Guide September 2006 Hydro Plant Risk Assessment Guide Appendix E10: Compressed Air System Condition Assessment E10. 1 GENERAL Compressed air systems are key components at hydroelectric power plants. Compressed

More information

Infrared Thermography Inspection Guidelines. Date Issued:

Infrared Thermography Inspection Guidelines. Date Issued: Infrared Thermography Inspection Guidelines Date Issued: 2002 01 29 Created By: Approved By: L. Henderson G. Durnford Table Of Contents Table Of Contents...i POLICY STATEMENT...1 APPLICABLE INTERNATIONAL

More information

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES PAGE: 1 of 9 CONTENTS 1.0 SCOPE AND APPLICATION 2.0 METHOD SUMMARY 3.0 SAMPLE PRESERVATION, CONTAINERS, HANDLING AND STORAGE 3.1 Canister Receipt 3.2 Canister Storage 4.0 INTERFERENCE AND POTENTIAL PROBLEMS

More information

Newsletter of Jointing, Welding & Cold-Formed Steel Group, HKISC UNDERWATER WELDING. Ir Dr Chan Wai Tai. Chairman of Welding Group, HKISC

Newsletter of Jointing, Welding & Cold-Formed Steel Group, HKISC UNDERWATER WELDING. Ir Dr Chan Wai Tai. Chairman of Welding Group, HKISC UNDERWATER WELDING Ir Dr Chan Wai Tai Chairman of Welding Group, HKISC When I was young, I was always fascinated by welding carried out in underwater environment. Basically, flame and water are mutual

More information

Installation and maintenance instructions for liquid-filled distribution transformers

Installation and maintenance instructions for liquid-filled distribution transformers Installation and maintenance instructions for liquid-filled distribution transformers Your partner in energy solutions Installation and maintenance instructions for liquid-filled distribution transformers

More information

C I R E D 18 th International Conference on Electricity Distribution Turin, 6 th to 9 th June 2005

C I R E D 18 th International Conference on Electricity Distribution Turin, 6 th to 9 th June 2005 RELIABILITY AND LONG TIME BEHAVIOUR OF MV-DISTRIBUTION SWITCHGEAR IN SEVERE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS - EXAMINATION OF SF 6 -INSULATED RING MAIN UNITS (RMU) UP TO 20 YEARS IN SERVICE. B. I. Oftedal, Siemens

More information

Dynamic Behaviour of Fault Gases and Online Gas Sensors. Germany

Dynamic Behaviour of Fault Gases and Online Gas Sensors. Germany 21, rue d Artois, F-75008 PARIS A2-116 CIGRE 2016 http : //www.cigre.org Dynamic Behaviour of Fault Gases and Online Gas Sensors S. TENBOHLEN 1, I. HÖHLEIN 2, M. LUKAS 3, A. MÜLLER 4, K. SCHRÖDER 5, U.

More information

ANNEX AMENDMENTS TO THE INTERNATIONAL CODE FOR FIRE SAFETY SYSTEMS (FSS CODE) CHAPTER 15 INERT GAS SYSTEMS

ANNEX AMENDMENTS TO THE INTERNATIONAL CODE FOR FIRE SAFETY SYSTEMS (FSS CODE) CHAPTER 15 INERT GAS SYSTEMS Annex 3, page 2 ANNEX AMENDMENTS TO THE INTERNATIONAL CODE FOR FIRE SAFETY SYSTEMS (FSS CODE) CHAPTER 15 INERT GAS SYSTEMS The text of existing chapter 15 is replaced by the following: "1 Application This

More information

ExamLearn.ie. The Air & Oxygen

ExamLearn.ie. The Air & Oxygen ExamLearn.ie The Air & Oxygen The Air & Oxygen The air is a mixture of gases, which forms a blanket around the earth. Another name for the air is the atmosphere. *To investigate the percentage of oxygen

More information

SF 6 Product Guide. Gas Analysis Instruments and Accessories

SF 6 Product Guide. Gas Analysis Instruments and Accessories SF 6 Product Guide Gas Analysis Instruments and Accessories Cambridge Sensotec Ltd specialises in the design and manufacture of gas analysis equipment under the Rapidox brand name. Based in the UK, the

More information

A Rationale for Pressure Relief Device(s) Qualification Requirements (LH2)

A Rationale for Pressure Relief Device(s) Qualification Requirements (LH2) UN-GTR PART A INSERTION Stand 09.02.2011, 17:20 Uhr A.3.3 HYDROGEN STORAGE SYSTEM The hydrogen storage system consists of all components that form the primary pressure boundary of the stored hydrogen in

More information

Online Publication Date: 19 January, 2012 Publisher: Asian Economic and Social Society

Online Publication Date: 19 January, 2012 Publisher: Asian Economic and Social Society Online Publication Date: 19 January, 2012 Publisher: Asian Economic and Social Society Prediction of Faults using Hydrocarbon Gases Data of Mineral Oil Immersed Power Transformers using Computer Intelligence

More information

DGA Tools: Duval Triangles and Pentagons

DGA Tools: Duval Triangles and Pentagons DGA Tools: Duval Triangles and Pentagons C. Beauchemin, TJH2b Analytical Services Inc. Initially presented at the TechCon SE Asia, Kuala Lumpur, April 10, 2017 This presentation use some material from

More information

WELDING, CUTTING AND BRAZING

WELDING, CUTTING AND BRAZING - 1 - WELDING, CUTTING AND BRAZING Are only authorized and trained personnel permitted to use welding, cutting or brazing equipment? Does each operator have a copy of the appropriate operating instructions

More information

TECHNICAL DATA MAINTENANCE AIR COMPRESSOR MODEL G-1

TECHNICAL DATA MAINTENANCE AIR COMPRESSOR MODEL G-1 Dry 131h 1. DESCRIPTION The Viking Model G-1 Maintenance Air Compressor is an electric motor-driven, aircooled, single-stage, oil-less compressor. The unit is equipped with a check valve and provides a

More information

Potter Nitrogen Generators

Potter Nitrogen Generators Potter Nitrogen Generators What is nitrogen? Nitrogen the inert gas Earth s atmosphere the air we breathe is composed of nitrogen, oxygen, and water vapor. While this atmosphere is great for life, it is

More information

COLD-WEATHER APPLICATION OF GAS MIXTURE (SF 6 /N 2, SF 6 /CF 4 ) CIRCUIT BREAKERS: A UTILITY USER S PERSPECTIVE SUMMARY

COLD-WEATHER APPLICATION OF GAS MIXTURE (SF 6 /N 2, SF 6 /CF 4 ) CIRCUIT BREAKERS: A UTILITY USER S PERSPECTIVE SUMMARY COLD-WEATHER APPLICATION OF GAS MIXTURE (SF 6 /N 2, SF 6 /CF 4 ) CIRCUIT BREAKERS: A UTILITY USER S PERSPECTIVE R. L. Middleton, P. Eng. Manitoba Hydro, Winnipeg, Canada SUMMARY Very low temperatures stress

More information

Testing Distribution Switchgear for Partial Discharge

Testing Distribution Switchgear for Partial Discharge Testing Distribution Switchgear for Partial Discharge Mr. Neil Davies Affiliation: EA Technology Ltd, UK; neil.davies@eatechnology.com ABSTRACT Over the past 30 years handheld instrumentation has been

More information

TM8 On-Line Gas Chromatography DGA Monitor Site Preparation Guide Model TMx Series

TM8 On-Line Gas Chromatography DGA Monitor Site Preparation Guide Model TMx Series TMx Site Preparation Guide 810-1647-03 Rev B TM8 On-Line Gas Chromatography DGA Monitor Site Preparation Guide Model TMx Series June, 2017 Document ID: 810-1647-03 Rev B www.serveron.com Legal Information

More information

Discovery HP-TGA 75/750. Site Preparation Guide

Discovery HP-TGA 75/750. Site Preparation Guide Discovery HP-TGA 75/750 Site Preparation Guide Revision A Issued August 2018 Table of Contents Table of Contents... 2 Ideal Setup... 3 System Components... 4 Instrument Measurements... 5 Utility Requirements...

More information

OPERATION MANUAL NTF-15

OPERATION MANUAL NTF-15 OPERATION MANUAL NTF-15 Nitrogen Tire Filling Valve Stem Caps (Qty=200) Order P/N 436075 RTI Technologies, Inc 10 Innovation Drive York, PA 17402 800-468-2321 www.rtitech.com 035-81235-00 (Rev B) TABLE

More information

DISSOLVED GAS ANALYSIS OF POWER TRANSFORMERS

DISSOLVED GAS ANALYSIS OF POWER TRANSFORMERS International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Research (IJEEER) ISSN(P): 2250-155X; ISSN(O): 2278-943X Vol. 3, Issue 5, Dec 2013, 1-10 TJPRC Pvt. Ltd. DISSOLVED GAS ANALYSIS OF POWER

More information

Detector Carrier Gas Comments Detector anode purge or reference gas. Electron Capture Nitrogen Maximum sensitivity Nitrogen Argon/Methane

Detector Carrier Gas Comments Detector anode purge or reference gas. Electron Capture Nitrogen Maximum sensitivity Nitrogen Argon/Methane Gas requirements Gases for packed columns The carrier gas you use depends upon the type of detector and the performance requirements. Table 520-1 lists gas recommendations for packed column use. In general,

More information

OPERATION MANUAL NTF-60 Plus

OPERATION MANUAL NTF-60 Plus OPERATION MANUAL NTF-60 Plus Nitrogen Tire Filling Valve Stem Caps (Qty=200) Order P/N 436075 RTI Technologies, Inc 10 Innovation Drive York, PA 17402 800-468-2321 www.rtitech.com 035-81264-00 (Rev A)

More information

INSTRUCTIONS FOR MODELS SG3897 AND SG3898 CROSS PURGE ASSEMBLIES

INSTRUCTIONS FOR MODELS SG3897 AND SG3898 CROSS PURGE ASSEMBLIES INSTRUCTIONS FOR MODELS SG3897 AND SG3898 CROSS PURGE ASSEMBLIES THIS BOOKLET CONTAINS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION OF ADVANCED SPECIALTY GAS EQUIPMENT CORP. AND IS PROVIDED TO THE PURCHASER SOLELY FOR USE

More information

Commercial Practice Test Method Internal Vapor Analysis of Hermetic Devices

Commercial Practice Test Method Internal Vapor Analysis of Hermetic Devices Commercial Practice Test Method Internal Vapor Analysis of Hermetic Devices Oneida Research Services, Inc. 8282 Halsey Road Whitesboro, NY 13492 Phone: (315) 736-5480 FAX: (315) 736-9321 1.0 Purpose The

More information

ETHOS Environmental and Thermal Operating Systems (ETHOS)

ETHOS Environmental and Thermal Operating Systems (ETHOS) ISS Live! was developed at NASA s Johnson Space Center (JSC) under NASA Contracts NNJ14RA02C and NNJ11HA14C wherein the U.S. Government retains certain rights. Console Handbook ETHOS Environmental and

More information

The Following information is based on material prepared by the American Lung Association

The Following information is based on material prepared by the American Lung Association The Following information is based on material prepared by the American Lung Association RESPIRATORY PROTECTION FROM INHALATION HAZARDS The inhalation of harmful dusts, toxic gases and vapors at fire and

More information

Tank Blanketing Pressure Regulators RHPS Series

Tank Blanketing Pressure Regulators RHPS Series www.swagelok.com Tank Blanketing Pressure Regulators RHPS Series Types: pressure reducing and vapor recovery 16L stainless steel construction 1/2, 1, and 2 in. end connections Working pressures up to 22

More information

Effective May 2017 Supersedes August 2005 (S )

Effective May 2017 Supersedes August 2005 (S ) Padmounted Switchgear MN285013EN Effective May 2017 Supersedes August 2005 (S285-15-1) COOPER POWER Type shrubline VFI, vacuum fault interrupter; installation, operation and maintenance instructions SERIES

More information

COOPER POWER SERIES. Type VFI, Fluid-insulated Switchgear; Installation, Operation and Maintenance Instructions

COOPER POWER SERIES. Type VFI, Fluid-insulated Switchgear; Installation, Operation and Maintenance Instructions Underground Distribution Switchgear MN285006EN Effective March 2018 Supersedes December 2015 COOPER POWER SERIES Type VFI, Fluid-insulated Switchgear; Installation, Operation and Maintenance Instructions

More information

You Just Experienced an Electrical Failure, What Should You Do Next? By Don Genutis Hampton Tedder Technical Services

You Just Experienced an Electrical Failure, What Should You Do Next? By Don Genutis Hampton Tedder Technical Services You Just Experienced an Electrical Failure, What Should You Do Next? By Don Genutis Hampton Tedder Technical Services Why Failures Occur Insulation Failure - Every electrical component is comprised of

More information

Development of a Plant Health Index for Eskom Distribution Substations

Development of a Plant Health Index for Eskom Distribution Substations Development of a Plant Health Index for Eskom Distribution Substations by Elton Brand, Eskom Distribution and Ulrich Minnaar, Eskom ERID and Wilfred Fritz, School of Electrical Engineering, Cape Peninsula

More information

Where Does the Air Go?

Where Does the Air Go? Houston, Texas Where Does the Air Go? (Second Edition) By Don Platts OMICRON electronics USA and Dave Hanson TJ H2b Analytical Services TechCon North America 2017 Houston, TX Where Does the Air Go? (Second

More information

What I have learned about SF 6 gas testing.a Practical explanation

What I have learned about SF 6 gas testing.a Practical explanation What I have learned about SF 6 gas testing.a Practical explanation Over the past few years, testing of SF6 gas quality has become increasingly important and with the EPA in USA, setting guidelines for

More information

METHODS TO PREVENT THE PREMATURE ACTIVATION OF RELIEF DEVICES ON TRANSPORT TANKS

METHODS TO PREVENT THE PREMATURE ACTIVATION OF RELIEF DEVICES ON TRANSPORT TANKS METHODS TO PREVENT THE PREMATURE ACTIVATION OF RELIEF DEVICES ON TRANSPORT TANKS IGC Doc 184/14/E EUROPEAN INDUSTRIAL GASES ASSOCIATION AISBL AVENUE DES ARTS 3-5 B 1210 BRUSSELS Tel: +32 2 217 70 98 Fax:

More information

Experiment 18 Properties of Gases

Experiment 18 Properties of Gases Experiment 18 Properties of Gases E18-1 E18-2 The Task In this experiment you will investigate some of the properties of gases, i.e. how gases flow, their phase changes and chemical reactivity. Skills

More information

Pressure Regulators. Operating Instructions. Instrumentation

Pressure Regulators. Operating Instructions. Instrumentation Pressure Regulators Operating Instructions FAILURE OR IMPROPER SELECTION OR IMPROPER USE OF THIS PRODUCT CAN CAUSE DEATH, PERSONAL INJURY AND PROPERTY DAMAGE. This document and other information from the

More information

GUIDELINES FOR CONDUCTING HYDROGENATION REACTIONS

GUIDELINES FOR CONDUCTING HYDROGENATION REACTIONS Page 1 of 5 GUIDELINES FOR CONDUCTING 1. Definition of Hydrogenation and Hydrogenolysis Reactions Hydrogenation reactions are synthetic transformations involving hydrogen, metallic catalysts (such as nickel,

More information

1200B2 Series Service Regulators. Instruction Manual

1200B2 Series Service Regulators. Instruction Manual 00B Series Service Regulators Instruction Manual 00B Series Service Regulators 0 Elster American Meter 00B Series Service Regulators General Information The 00B Series Service Regulators are available

More information

INSTRUCTIONS FOR MODEL SG6500 GAS HEATERS

INSTRUCTIONS FOR MODEL SG6500 GAS HEATERS INSTRUCTIONS FOR MODEL SG6500 GAS HEATERS THIS BOOKLET CONTAINS PROPRIETARY INFORMATION OF ADVANCED SPECIALTY GAS EQUIPMENT CORP. AND IS PROVIDED TO THE PURCHASER SOLELY FOR USE IN CONJUNCTION WITH MODEL

More information

Using Perfluorocarbon Tracers (PFT) for detecting oil leakages in LPOF cable systems. J.C.M. VAN ROSSUM * Prysmian Group NL The Netherlands

Using Perfluorocarbon Tracers (PFT) for detecting oil leakages in LPOF cable systems. J.C.M. VAN ROSSUM * Prysmian Group NL The Netherlands 21, rue d Artois, F-75008 PARIS CIGRE US National Committee 2012 Grid of the Future Symposium http : //www.cigre.org Using Perfluorocarbon Tracers (PFT) for detecting oil leakages in LPOF cable systems

More information

DOWNLOAD OR READ : HIGH PRESSURE LIQUID OXYGEN KEROSENE ENGINE COMBUSTION PDF EBOOK EPUB MOBI

DOWNLOAD OR READ : HIGH PRESSURE LIQUID OXYGEN KEROSENE ENGINE COMBUSTION PDF EBOOK EPUB MOBI DOWNLOAD OR READ : HIGH PRESSURE LIQUID OXYGEN KEROSENE ENGINE COMBUSTION PDF EBOOK EPUB MOBI Page 1 Page 2 high pressure liquid oxygen kerosene engine combustion high pressure liquid oxygen pdf high pressure

More information

W I L D W E L L C O N T R O L FLUIDS

W I L D W E L L C O N T R O L FLUIDS FLUIDS Fluids Learning Objectives You will learn about different fluids that can be used in well control. You will become familiar with the characteristics and limitations of fluids. You will learn general

More information

obds ( r INSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL FOR OIL IMMERSED TRANSFORMERS .,4 R;A:a.,:! ,..,..,_...,,:...r, F... r--- - i.,,... 4,.._...

obds ( r INSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL FOR OIL IMMERSED TRANSFORMERS .,4 R;A:a.,:! ,..,..,_...,,:...r, F... r--- - i.,,... 4,.._... ,,, - iniemien 4111.111 ( r---- --- F... ir lia.r obds 41.111111411.1 11.111 1,..,..,_...,,:...r, POWER TRANSFORMERS UK.,4 R;A:a.,:! 1 I r--- - i.,,... 4,.._.... - - - INSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL

More information

Mix and Flow of Matter Unit Test. For each of the following hazardous products match the correct WHMIS symbol

Mix and Flow of Matter Unit Test. For each of the following hazardous products match the correct WHMIS symbol /40 Student Name Class Section 1.1 WHMIS For each of the following hazardous products match the correct WHMIS symbol 1 Flammable A. 2 Corrosive B. 3 Dangerously Reactive C. Section 1.2 The Many Uses of

More information

Compressed Gases Safety Program

Compressed Gases Safety Program Compressed Gases Safety Program Summary: Compressed gas cylinders can present a variety of hazards due to their pressure and /or contents. This program covers requirements which must be followed for the

More information

N2 Blanketing Valve DST100 / DST200 TYPE INSTRUCTION MANUAL CONTENTS K.S.P.C. General Description Operation. Installation Maintenance

N2 Blanketing Valve DST100 / DST200 TYPE INSTRUCTION MANUAL CONTENTS K.S.P.C. General Description Operation. Installation Maintenance DST100 / DST200 TYPE N2 Blanketing Valve INSTRUCTION MANUAL CONTENTS General Description Operation Installation Maintenance K.S.P.C 488-1 Wolha-ro, Tongjin-eup, Gimpo-si, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea Tel : +82-31-998-3825~7

More information

Welding, Cutting, and Brazing

Welding, Cutting, and Brazing Welding, Cutting, and Brazing Hazards of Welding Operations Fire hazards Metal splatter Electric shock Explosion hazards Released gases Radiant energy Where would these hazards be found on oil and gas

More information

EHS Laboratory Guidance: Cryogenic Material

EHS Laboratory Guidance: Cryogenic Material EHS Laboratory Guidance Cryogenic Liquids 1 Introduction/Purpose Cryogenic liquid is defined by the Idaho Fire Code as having a boiling point of less than -90º C (-130º F) at 14.7 psia (1 bar). All cryogenic

More information

General Precautions for handling compressed gases

General Precautions for handling compressed gases General Precautions for handling compressed gases Introduction Compressed gas cylinders can be extremely hazardous when misused or abused. Compressed gas cylinders can present a variety of hazards due

More information

NITROGEN GENERATOR Tradition Trail Plano, Texas 75093

NITROGEN GENERATOR Tradition Trail Plano, Texas 75093 NITROGEN GENERATOR Local: 972.964.2700 Fax: 972.964.2755 4421 Tradition Trail Plano, Texas 75093 Applications Laser Cutting Laser cutting technology requires ultra-pure nitrogen to provide a clean and

More information

The content of your gas cylinders. Pocket Safety Guide No. 1

The content of your gas cylinders. Pocket Safety Guide No. 1 The content of your gas cylinders Pocket Safety Guide No. 1 Dear Gas User, Messer produces and supplies a broad portfolio of gases. Gases are safe to handle so long as you respect their particular properties.

More information

Installation of Ballast Water Management Systems

Installation of Ballast Water Management Systems (Sept 2015) (Rev.1 May 2016) Installation of Ballast Water Management Systems 1. Application In addition to the requirements contained in BWM Convention (2004), the following requirements are applied to

More information

CYL KNIFE GATE VALVES San Sebastian Spain

CYL KNIFE GATE VALVES San Sebastian Spain CYL KNIFE GATE VALVES San Sebastian Spain INSTALATION, OPERATION & MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS (XD HIGH PRESSURE) INTRODUCTION The CYL knife gate valve is a unique, patented, low cost, bi-directional on-off

More information