Detailed Protocol for the Screening and Selection of Gas Storage Reservoirs
|
|
- Owen Armstrong
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 SPE Detailed Protocol for the Screening and Selection of Gas Storage Reservoirs D. B. Bennion, F. B. Thomas, T. Ma and D. Imer, Hycal Energy Research Laboratories Ltd. Copyright 2000, Society of Petroleum Engineers Inc. This paper was prepared for presentation at the 2000 SPE/CERI Gas Technology Symposium to be held in Calgary, Alberta Canada, 3-5 April This paper was selected for presentation by an SPE Program Committee following review of information contained in an abstract submitted by the author(s).contents of the paper, as presented, have not been reviewed by the Society of Petroleum Engineers and are subject to correction by the author(s). The material, as presented, does not necessarily reflect any position of the Society of Petroleum Engineers, its officers, or members. Papers presented at SPE meetings are subject to publication review by Editorial Committees of the Society of Petroleum Engineers. Electronic reproduction, distribution, or storage of any part of this paper for commercial purposes without the written consent of the Society of Petroleum Engineers is prohibitted. Permission to reproduce in print is restricted to an abstract of not more than 300 words; illustrations may not be copied. The abstract must contain conspicuous acknowledgment of where and by whom the paper was presented. Write Librarian, SPE, P.O. Box , Richardson, TX , U.S.A., fax Abstract Gas storage reservoirs are used worldwide to store produced natural gas during periods of low demand for use during periods of high demand. These formations are often depleted natural gas reservoirs. Proper selection of a gas storage reservoir is important to allow proper and economic operation of the project on a long-term basis. This paper describes issues which need to be taken into consideration from a reservoir perspective when considering the development of a gas storage reservoir. These issues include the proper containment of the injected gas, maintaining injectivity and productivity over long-term operations, and problems which may be associated with the presence of free water or hydrocarbons in the storage reservoir (both mobile and immobile) as well as formation damage issues that often surround the drilling and completion of new wells in the gas storage reservoirs for development purposes. Introduction Gas storage reservoirs are used on a worldwide basis for the storage of natural gas for use in periods of peak consumption, generally in the colder portions of the year when gas demand for heating is higher. Storage reservoirs are also used to buffer periods of peak demand and prevent disruption of supplies during mechanical or other problems in producing fields. Gas storage reservoirs generally consist of good to excellent quality formations which are often located spatially close to the ultimate demand source (i.e. major population centers). Most of these reservoirs represent natural gas pools which have been depleted below their abandonment pressure during normal production operations, but are now used on a seasonal basis for gas storage. For a reservoir to be a candidate for gas storage, the following criteria must be satisfied: 1. Sufficient reservoir volume to allow for storage of the required amount of gas without exceeding containment pressure constraints and without requiring uneconomic compression to high pressure levels. 2. Satisfactory containment of the gas by competent upper and lower sealing caprock. 3. Sufficient inherent permeability to allow injection and production at required delivery rates during peak demand periods. 4. Limited sensitivity to reductions in permeability (and injectivity/productivity) due to: S presence of in-situ water (mobile or immobile) S presence of liquid hydrocarbons (mobile or immobile) S plugging of the near injector region by compressor lubricants or other introduced fluids S reservoir stress fluctuations during successive pressure cycles 5. Absence of hydrogen sulphide gas (in-situ or bacterially generated) 6. We must be able to drill and complete additional wells in the formation as required with causing severe formation damage (due to the highly depleted pressure condition which may often exist in these reservoirs). The Typical Gas Storage Reservoir Gas storage reservoirs are generally high permeability clastics or carbonates ( ,000 md in-situ permeability is common) existing at intermediate depths and temperatures. In general, these reservoirs are depleted formations which originally contained dry (non-retrograde), sweet (no H 2 S) natural gas. Typically, these zones do not contain mobile water or active or partially active aquifers, oil legs or residual liquid hydrocarbon saturations, although this is not always the case.
2 2 D.B.BENNION, F.B.THOMAS, T.MA, D. IMER SPE Containment of Reservoir Gas For an effective gas storage reservoir, the injected gas must obviously remain in place, possibly for an extended period of time, without escaping through permeable channels in the overlying or underlying reservoir seal. We refer, in this situation, to competent barriers that separate the storage zone from other zones and may act as permanent bleed zones for gas losses which cannot be recovered. These connected zones may also contain undesirable fluids (gases containing liquids, hydrogen sulphide, water zones, oil/hydrocarbon zones, etc.). Typically thick (3-4 meters or more) dense shales are present in these intervals to act as an impermeable seal for the reservoir gas. To verify that the cap and base rock have sealing competency, a cap rock permeability test is generally conducted in the laboratory on a sample of preserved cap rock which is taken via coring from the penetration of the storage formation and the cap and base rock. Two different cap rock competency tests are generally conducted and are required to be satisfied for sealing competency to be present. These are: 1. Absolute liquid permeability measurement 2. Threshold intrusion pressure to gas Core material must be properly handled and preserved for the proper analysis of caprock. In general, a low invasion coring program with an inhibitive water-based or oil-based mud system should be used to obtain the core material. The cap rock samples should be preserved on site using PROTEC or CORESEAL and should not be subjected to conventional solvent extraction and drying protocols that can remove water of hydration from the clays and shales present and permanently destroy the caprock morphology, which may result in obtaining erroneously high permeability and intrusion pressure measurements. Absolute Liquid Permeability Measurements. Fig. 1 provides a schematic illustration of the equipment used for caprock permeability measurements. These tests are almost always conducted on vertical full diameter core (oriented in the vertical direction). In some cases, vertical plugs (cut from the long axis of a vertically oriented core (Fig. 2) are used for the tests. Tests should not be conducted on horizontally oriented core plugs, as streamlines of flow in this situation run parallel to naturally occurring bedding planes, and may result in anomalously high permeabilities in comparison to those expected to be encountered by the stored gas which will be intruding into the overlying caprock in a vertical fashion. Caprock samples should be subjected to X-ray or NMR analysis prior to testing to ensure that they do not contain coring induced fractures or other features which may represent permeability conduits that are not reflective of the reservoir. Natural open fractures existing in the caprock are obvious detriments to the gas storage process and should be carefully evaluated from a core analysis, seismic and geotechnical stress analysis of the subject formations, as these will eliminate the zone almost immediately as a gas storage candidate. The caprock test apparatus allows the preserved state sample to be confined at reservoir overburden pressure conditions in a uniaxial cell and also allows full reservoir conditions of temperature and pore pressure to be applied to the sample to precisely duplicate downhole conditions. A positive displacement pump/pressure source is used to apply a net pressure differential of 7000 kpa (approx psi) to the core face using formation water (or another brine known to be chemically compatible with the caprock). A digital capacitance transducer is used to measure the applied pressure drop precisely. Flow rate through the caprock sample is monitored over an extended time period (generally 7-14 days) and an effective fluid permeability to the formation brine is determined. For effective caprock, the measured brine permeability should be less than 1 nanodarcy (1 x 10**-06 md or Darcy). Caprock permeability higher than this would indicate, on a long-term basis, that expulsion of connate water from the caprock could occur which may allow the intrusion and production of gas. Multiple samples of caprock should usually be tested, particularly if multiple lithologies are present, but may not be spatially continuous throughout the reservoir. This is illustrated in Fig. 3 where we observe that although lithology 1 is good sealing caprock, it is not regionally continuous over the entire reservoir and in places only lithology 2 or 3, which may not be competent, are present as a seal. Table 1 illustrates the results of typical satisfactory and unsatisfactory cap rock evaluations. Gas Intrusion Testing. Fig. 4 illustrates the experimental apparatus used for a caprock gas intrusion test. This test is generally conducted on the same sample used for the liquid permeability measurement, described previously, if satisfactory results from the liquid permeability measurement test are obtained. The equipment consists of the vertically mounted full diameter vertical core sample maintained at bottomhole temperature and pressure conditions. In this test, however, water saturated natural gas is exposed to the face of the core at a 7000 kpa pressure differential. A highly accurate production burette (0.01 cc accuracy) is attached to the production end of the core sample which allows one to determine over a long-term exposure period (14-21 days) if any production of fluid from the saturated pore space (indicating gas intrusion into the sample) occurs. Any appreciable fluid intrusion occurring over this period indicates a failure and once again suggests that the sample may not be competent caprock from a sealing perspective. In-Situ Permeability and Permeability Variations with Stress As mentioned previously, gas storage reservoirs typically have high inherent permeability to allow for easy gas injection and rapid delivery of large gas volumes during peak demand
3 SPE DETAILED PROTOCOL FOR THE SCREENING AND SELECTION OF GAS-STORAGE RESERVOIRS 3 periods. The threshold of required permeability varies depending on the amount of pay present and the type of well being used (vertical, fractured vertical or horizontal). In general, in-situ permeability in gas storage reservoirs exceeds 1 Darcy and is often substantially higher than this. Core analysis permeability (gas permeability measured on clean, dry core samples extracted from the formation using air or nitrogen under a nominal (1378 kpa confining pressure)) may not be reflective (are often higher) of those present in the reservoir, due to the fact that the routine samples do not contain a irreducible water saturation (which will be present in the reservoir), and are generally not measured under a confining overburden pressure (which may substantially reduce the permeability of the formation due to grain compression effects). This is particularly significant in high permeability formations composed of conglomeritic grains or by relying on pervasive, open micro-fracturing for the high inherent permeability. Proper permeability evaluations can generally be obtained from in-situ condition core tests (under proper overburden pressure conditions and with the correct initial water saturation in place), or via pressure transient analysis of the in-situ permeability in the reservoir (often a more accurate technique if fractures or macro-scale heterogeneities exist in the reservoir which cannot be adequately represented in small core samples tested in the lab). Typical permeability water saturation and permeabilityoverburden pressure variation plots are shown as Figs. 5 and 6 respectively. These are generic representations only and the specific configuration of these curves will be highly dependant on reservoir pore system lithology and morphology. Gas storage reservoirs are also susceptible to significant cyclic variations in overburden stress through the annual pressure cycling operation. This is schematically illustrated as Fig. 7. It can be seen that at the peak of the storage cycle, the reservoir pressure will be at its greatest level resulting in the presence of the least amount of effective stress on an in-situ basis, which usually corresponds to the highest permeability and facilitates improved permeability and injectivity. When the reservoir is depleted during peak production, the bottomhole pressure falls and the net overburden stress increases which may result in reductions in permeability and potentially in deliverability. This issue should be evaluated prior to design of the project as certain types of formations (as mentioned previously) may be highly sensitive to this phenomena. Wellconsolidated competent intercrystalline sandstones and carbonates tend to be the least affected by this phenomena in most circumstances. Presence of Mobile or Immobile Liquid Saturations In general, the optimum gas storage reservoir does not contain any substantial free mobile water. Mobile water results in reduction in productivity, due to relative permeability effects, and can result in severe hydrate problems at high production rates due to Joule Thompson expansion effects. The presence of mobile water contacts in the base of the reservoir can also result in cyclic trapping of a portion of the injected gas due to cyclic hysteresis effects when water-gas or water-oil contact advances and retreats in the same reservoir volume over a period of time. This phenomena has been discussed in the literature (Ref. 1) and can result in some cases in substantial permanent losses of injected gas due to trapping effects. Figs. 7 and 8 illustrate this phenomena. Trapped hydrocarbon saturations may also be problematic in certain circumstances due to solubility and swelling effects. Trapped immobile liquid saturations may be present in some gas reservoirs due to accumulation of condensate liquids (if the reservoir initially contained a retrograde condensate gas system). Injection of gas may result in a solubility increase (dissolution of a portion of the injected gas into the hydrocarbon liquids) which results in an increase in the apparent liquid saturation (swelling of the liquid). This may result in a reduction in the gas phase permeability as illustrated in Fig. 9. In some gases, swelling and viscosity reductions in the immobile hydrocarbon phase may combine to actually result in mobile hydrocarbon production, generally highly undesirable for a gas storage reservoir application. Maintaining Injectivity and Productivity All benefits of the gas storage operation will be lost if the operator is unable to inject or produce sufficient gas to meet the design and demand criteria of the project. On existing wells (those generally present from the original production life of the reservoir) which have good initial productivity, the greatest problem is often reduced injectivity/productively due to compressor lubricant carryover. Many compressors, particularly older models, can consume large volumes (sometimes many liters per day) of lubricants. This material is often carried as a finely atomized mist into the formation, where it can gradually accumulate in the near wellbore region, resulting in a trapped extraneous phase which may plug or severely reduce productivity over a period of time (as illustrated in Fig. 10). Properly designed and maintained compressors and filtration / precipitation equipment to remove or reduce the volume of atomized lubricant can be useful in this situation. Many lubricants are oil-based and result in the introduction of an extraneous phase into the reservoir. In some cases, water-based lubricants may be used, which may have less affinity for plugging due to a natural solubility in connate water which may be present in the reservoir. This, however, is not always effective as, in most mature gas storage injectors, little, if any, connate water saturation remains in the near wellbore region as the large volume of dehydrated dry natural gas injected through this zone often removes virtually all water present over a period of time by dehydration and desiccation effects. This can actually result in some long-term increases in injectivity, depending on the configuration of the relative permeability curves for the porous media (Fig. 11). This may also make wells of this type susceptible to reductions in injectivity if water-based kill or workover fluids are used as the
4 4 D.B.BENNION, F.B.THOMAS, T.MA, D. IMER SPE introduced water will rehydrate into the dry cylinder of rock surrounding the injection well and will re-establish the irreducible water saturation which may take an extended period of time to revaporize. High salinity brines, therefore, are a potential concern in this situation as, due to subsequent desiccation effects caused by extensive dehydrated gas injection, precipitation of the suspended solids in the pore system by supersaturation effects may also contribute to near wellbore plugging issues. Care must also be taken to avoid the introduction of viable bacteria with workover or completion fluids, which may possibly result in plugging or souring of the wells (although this is generally not a problem if no substantial water saturation is present in the near wellbore region). Formation Damage Effects In many situations, to properly develop a reservoir for gas storage, recompletion of existing wells and drilling of new wells is required. This is particularly the case in recent years where horizontal wells have been used increasingly for gas storage applications, as a single horizontal well can replace multiple vertical penetrations, or, due to increased reservoir exposure, allow formations which may not have been considered to have sufficiently high permeability for development with vertical wells to now be viable gas storage candidates. Two factors can combine to create significant formation damage in these situations: 1. The formations are generally highly pressure depleted at the time of completion of the wells. This means that extreme overbalance pressures will be present with conventionally weighted drilling or completion fluids, and that the potential for lost circulation and severe invasion and mechanical damage of the high permeability pore system, due to whole mud invasion, may be an issue. 2. High natural permeability, which is almost always a prerequisite for a gas storage zone, combines with this overbalance effect to increase the potential for lost circulation and near wellbore damage effects. Although high permeability formations are generally fairly forgiving with respect to many classical formation damage mechanisms such as fines migration (due to large pore throats and often very little mobile material), phase trapping and blocking (due to very low, favorable capillary pressure) and clay related damage (due to generally excellent reservoir quality and very little reactive clay in most situations), mechanical damage caused by the loss of large volume of fluid containing drill solids, corrosion products, clay, improperly sized bridging agents, etc., may be severely damaging. This is particularly the case if an open hole completion is contemplated, as even a very shallow zone of mechanical damage of this type may severely compromise the productivity of the wellbore. Tables 2 and 3 illustrate the results of whole mud leakoff tests, conducted at only a moderate (1379 kpa) overbalance pressure in a high permeability conglomeritic gas storage reservoir candidate. It can be seen from examining this data that uncontrolled fluid losses occurred, resulting in deep invasion and large reductions in permeability due to permanent mechanical entrainment of drill and mud solids. Fig. 12 illustrates the appearance of the pore system in such a situation where significant plugging of the high permeability matrix by invaded mud solids is clearly apparent. Proper lab testing (Ref. 8) can allow one to determine if the drilling and completion practices proposed for a gas storage reservoir will provide suitable results prior to the actual execution of the operation in the reservoir. If damage with conventional drilling and completion practices appears to be severe, several options are available to reduce the damage. These include: 1. Underbalanced drilling and completion. If properly executed, a UBD application may eliminate invasive formation damage even in a pressure depleted high permeability reservoir. Problems with this approach center around the ability to maintain the underbalanced condition on a constant basis throughout the entire drilling and completion operation, as it has been demonstrated that even relatively short periods of overbalance pressure (such as those associated with pipe connections, survey jobs, bit trips, frictional flow effects, etc.) can result in significant invasive damage to the formation where all or a portion of the benefit of the UBD application may be lost (Ref. 9). In some cases, if very low bottomhole pressures are present, maintaining an underbalanced condition with a nitrified fluid system may not be possible. In this situation, even gas or mist drilling may be overbalanced due solely to frictional backpressure effects associated with high circulation rates required to maintain sufficient annular velocity to facilitate adequate hole cleaning. 2. Specially designed overbalanced fluid systems containing custom-designed bridging and fluid loss agents to rapidly create a sealing, competent filter cake on the formation face to limit fluid invasion. The filter cake must be designed to be easily removed by backflow or a non-invasive completion treatment, or be shallow enough to be penetrated by a mechanical stimulation treatment (such as open hole perforating, etc). 3. Repressurization of the reservoir by using existing gas injection in wells (with the caveat that this may take an extended period of time and not be practical due to the type, location, condition and number of wells available) to increase bottomhole pressure to a much higher level in order to reduce overbalance pressure conditions. This may allow for a more conventional drilling application, or easier application of one of the methods discussed in Point 1 or 2 above. Conclusions Not all reservoirs are good candidates for gas storage. This
5 SPE DETAILED PROTOCOL FOR THE SCREENING AND SELECTION OF GAS-STORAGE RESERVOIRS 5 paper has outlined a number of the reservoir criteria that should be evaluated and potential concerns which need to be investigated when considering if a reservoir is a suitable candidate for gas storage. Issues that have been discussed include: S Reservoir quality S Competence and stability of sealing caprock S Reservoir stress issues S Reservoir issues causing reduced injectivity and productivity Lab testing and evaluation using core analysis has been illustrated to be an effective technique in diagnosing many of these reservoir issues and allows the accurate determination of the suitability of a reservoir as a gas storage candidate prior to the cost and risk of actual project implementation. 9. Bennion, D.B. et al, Underbalanced Drilling: Praises and Perils, SPEDE, Nov Acknowledgments The authors express appreciation to the management of Hycal Energy Research Laboratories for permission to publish this paper and to Vivian Whiting for her assistance in the preparation of the manuscript, figures and tables. References 1. Bietz et al, Gas Storage Reservoir Optimization Through the Application of Drainage and Imbibition Relative Permeability Data, CIM 92-75, presented at the CIM 1992 ATM, Calgary, AB. June 7-10, Craft, B.C., Hawkins, M.F., Applied Petroleum Reservoir Engineering, Prentice-Hall, Inc. (1959). 3. Bennion, D.B., Thomas, F.B., Recent Improvements in Experimental and Analytical Techniques for the Determination of Relative Permeability from Unsteady State Flow Experiments, paper presented at the SPE Technical Conference at Trinidad and Tobago, June 27, Buckley, S.E. and Leverett, M.D., Mechanisms of Fluid Displacement in Sands, Trans., AIME, Vol. 146 (1942) Welge, H.J., A Simplified Method for Computing Recovery by Gas or Water Drive, Trans., AIME, Vol. 195 (1952), Archer, J.S. and Wong, S.W., Use of a Reservoir Simulator to Interpret Laboratory Waterflood Data, SPEJ (Dec. 1973) Sigmund, P.M. and McCaffery, F.G., An Improved Unsteady-state Procedure for Determining the Relative Permeability Characteristics of Homogeneous Porous Media, SPEJ (Dec. 1973) Bennion, D.B. et al, Recent Advances in Laboratory Test Protocols to Evaluate Optimum Drilling, Completion and Stimulation Practices for Low Permeability Gas Reservoirs, SPE to be presented at the SPE Rocky Mountain Regional Meeting, Denver, CO, Mar , 2000.
6 6 D.B.BENNION, F.B.THOMAS, T.MA, D. IMER SPE TABLE 1 SUMMARY OF CAPROCK GAS THRESHOLD PRESSURE TESTS Directional Orientation Intrusion Pressure to Gas (MPa) Effective Permeability to Fluid (md) Comments Vertical Vertical Vertical Vertical Higher than < < Fail Pass Fail Pass TABLE 2 UNDERBALANCED/OVERBALANCED MUD LEAKOFF TEST IN A GAS STORAGE RESERVOIR CORE AND TEST PARAMETERS Stack Length (cm) Diameter (cm) Effective Flow Area (cm 2 ) Bulk Volume (cm 3 ) Porosity (fraction) Pore Volume (cm 3 ) Routine Air Permeability (md) Test Temperature (EC) Gas Viscosity (mpa s) Fixed Initial Water Saturation (fraction) Net Overburden Pressure (kpag) Mud Overbalance Pulse Pressure (kpag) Mud Underbalance Pressure (kpag) Rock Microfine Concentration (kg/m 3 ) Rock Microfine Size (micron) <38 TABLE 3 UNDERBALANCED/OVERBALANCED MUD LEAKOFF TEST IN A GAS STORAGE RESERVOIR PERMEABILITY SUMMARY Test Phase Initial Gas Sw i (Direction #1) Underbalance Mud Circulation (Direction #2) Regain Gas Permeability (Direction 7 kpa Drawdown 14 kpa Drawdown 28 kpa Drawdown Overbalance Pulse - 5 Minutes (Direction #2) Regain Gas Permeability (Direction 7 kpa Drawdown 14 kpa Drawdown 69 kpa Drawdown * Baseline Permeability (md) Regain Permeability (%) *
7 SPE DETAILED PROTOCOL FOR THE SCREENING AND SELECTION OF GAS-STORAGE RESERVOIRS 7
8 8 D.B.BENNION, F.B.THOMAS, T.MA, D. IMER SPE 59738
9 SPE DETAILED PROTOCOL FOR THE SCREENING AND SELECTION OF GAS-STORAGE RESERVOIRS 9
10 10 D.B.BENNION, F.B.THOMAS, T.MA, D. IMER SPE Net Overburden Stress Net Overburden Stress
11 SPE DETAILED PROTOCOL FOR THE SCREENING AND SELECTION OF GAS-STORAGE RESERVOIRS 11
12 12 D.B.BENNION, F.B.THOMAS, T.MA, D. IMER SPE 59738
Recent Advances in Laboratory Test Protocols to Evaluate Optimum Drilling, Completion and Stimulation Practices for Low Permeability Gas Reservoirs
SPE 60324 Recent Advances in Laboratory Test Protocols to Evaluate Optimum Drilling, Completion and Stimulation Practices for Low Permeability Gas Reservoirs D. B. Bennion, F. B. Thomas and T. Ma, Hycal
More informationChapter 8: Reservoir Mechanics
PTRT 1472: Petroleum Data Management II Chapter 8: Reservoir Mechanics - Reservoir drives Types of Natural Gas Reservoir Fluids Natural gas is petroleum in a gaseous state, so it is always accompanied
More informationW I L D W E L L C O N T R O L FLUIDS
FLUIDS Fluids Learning Objectives You will learn about different fluids that can be used in well control. You will become familiar with the characteristics and limitations of fluids. You will learn general
More information4 RESERVOIR ENGINEERING
4 RESERVOIR ENGINEERING This chapter summarizes the reservoir engineering data and analysis used in the development of the Depletion Plan for the White Rose Field. The data were derived from seismic and
More informationW I L D W E L L C O N T R O L PRESSURE BASICS AND CONCEPTS
PRESSURE BASICS AND CONCEPTS Pressure Basics and Concepts Learning Objectives You will be familiarized with the following basic pressure concepts: Defining pressure Hydrostatic pressure Pressure gradient
More informationSimposium Nasional dan Kongres X Jakarta, November 2008 Makalah Profesional IATMI
Simposium Nasional dan Kongres X Jakarta, 12 14 November 2008 Makalah Profesional IATMI 08 018 Experimental Treatments for Fluid-Blocked Gas Wells By Melvin Devadass, Technical Manager, 3M Oil & Gas Markets,
More informationTHREE-PHASE UNSTEADY-STATE RELATIVE PERMEABILITY MEASUREMENTS IN CONSOLIDATED CORES USING THREE IMMISCIBLE LIQUIDS
SCA2-43 /6 THREE-PHASE UNSTEADY-STATE RELATIVE PERMEABILITY MEASUREMENTS IN CONSOLIDATED CORES USING THREE IMMISCIBLE LIQUIDS Peilin Cao, Shameem Siddiqui 2 Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA This
More informationAccurate Measurement of Steam Flow Properties
Accurate Measurement of Steam Flow Properties Kewen Li and Roland N. Horne Stanford Geothermal Program, Stanford University (Proceedings of 1999 GRC Annual Meeting on October 17-20, Reno, California, USA)
More informationA REAPPRAISAL OF THE EVIDENCE FOR DAMAGE CAUSED BY OVEN DRYING OF HYDROCARBON ZONE CORE
A REAPPRAISAL OF THE EVIDENCE FOR DAMAGE CAUSED BY OVEN DRYING OF HYDROCARBON ZONE CORE P. Mitchell, Integrated Core Consultancy Services D. Walder, A. M. Brown & K.J. Sincock, BP Exploration ABSTRACT
More informationIntroduction to Relative Permeability AFES Meeting Aberdeen 28 th March Dave Mogford ResLab UK Limited
Introduction to Relative Permeability AFES Meeting Aberdeen 28 th March 2007 Dave Mogford ResLab UK Limited Outline 1. Introduction 2. Basic Concepts 3. Overview of Test Methods 4. Interpretation Introduction
More informationSPE Copyright 2001, Society of Petroleum Engineers Inc.
SPE 67232 Sampling Volatile Oil Wells Ahmed H. El-Banbi, SPE, Cairo University/Schlumberger Holditch-Reservoir Technologies, and William D. McCain, Jr., SPE, Texas A&M University Copyright 2001, Society
More informationOptimized Gas Injection Rate for Underground Gas Storage; Sensitivity Analysis of Reservoir and Well Properties
Optimized Gas Injection Rate for Underground Gas Storage; Sensitivity Analysis of Reservoir and Well Properties Hadise Baghooee 1, Farhad Varzandeh 1, Masood Riazi 2,* 1. Chemical Engineering Department,
More informationPetroleum Reservoir Rock and Fluid Properties
second edition Petroleum Reservoir Rock and Fluid Properties Abhijit Y. Dandekar CRC Press Taylor & Francis Croup Boca Raton London NewYork CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis an Croup, informa
More informationPerforation Design for Well Stimulation. R. D. Barree Barree & Associates LLC
Perforation Design for Well Stimulation R. D. Barree Barree & Associates LLC Typical Shaped Charge Primer charge Main explosive charge Case or container Detonating cord groove ¾ point of initiation Liner
More informationIMPROVED CORE ANALYSIS MEASUREMENTS IN LOW PERMEABILITY TIGHT GAS FORMATIONS
SCA2015-020 1/12 IMPROVED CORE ANALYSIS MEASUREMENTS IN LOW PERMEABILITY TIGHT GAS FORMATIONS S. Kryuchkov 1,2, J. Bryan 1,2, L.Yu 1, D. Burns 3 and A. Kantzas 1,2 1 PERM Inc., Calgary, Canada; 2 University
More informationA VALID APPROACH TO CORRECT CAPILLARY PRESSURE CURVES- A CASE STUDY OF BEREA AND TIGHT GAS SANDS
SCA2009-4 /6 A VALID APPROACH TO CORRECT CAPILLARY PRESSURE CURVES- A CASE STUDY OF BEREA AND TIGHT GAS SANDS Gbenga M. Funmilayo, Shameem Siddiqui: Texas Tech University, Lubbock USA This paper was prepared
More informationOil Mobility in Transition Zones
Oil Mobility in Transition Zones hehadeh Masalmeh and jaam Oedai hell International Exploration and Production B.V. Rijswijk The Netherlands 1. Abstract Oil-water transition zones may contain a sizable
More informationRMAG, Snowbird, UT, October 6-9, Michael Holmes, Antony M. Holmes, and Dominic I. Holmes, Digital Formation, Inc.
RMAG, Snowbird, UT, October 6-9, 2007 A METHOD TO QUANTIFY GAS SATURATION IN GAS/WATER SYSTEMS, USING DENSITY AND NEUTRON LOGS INTERPRETATION OF RESERVOIR PROPERTIES WHEN COMPARED WITH GAS SATURATIONS
More informationWATER OIL RELATIVE PERMEABILITY COMPARATIVE STUDY: STEADY VERSUS UNSTEADY STATE
SCA2005-77 1/7 WATER OIL RELATIVE PERMEABILITY COMPARATIVE STUDY: STEADY VERSUS UNSTEADY STATE 1 Marcelo M. Kikuchi, 1 Celso C.M. Branco, 2 Euclides J. Bonet, 2 Rosângela M.Zanoni, 1 Carlos M. Paiva 1
More informationCOPYRIGHT. Reservoir Rock Properties Fundamentals. Saturation and Contacts. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
Learning Objectives Reservoir Rock Properties Fundamentals Saturation and Contacts By the end of this lesson, you will be able to: Describe the concept of fluid contacts Describe how saturations change
More informationEffect of Implementing Three-Phase Flow Characteristics and Capillary Pressure in Simulation of Immiscible WAG
Effect of Implementing Three-Phase Flow Characteristics and Capillary Pressure in Simulation of Immiscible WAG Elisabeth Iren Dale 1,2 and Arne Skauge 1 1 Centre for Integrated Petroleum Research - University
More informationSituated 250km from Muscat in
CYAN MAGENTA YELLOW BLACK GRAVITY GAINS A novel method of determining gas saturation has proved successful in Oman s Natih Field where conventional methods were giving anomalous results in difficult conditions.
More informationAbstract. Mechanisms of Formation Damage During Drilling of Horizontal and Vertical Wells
Formation Damage and Reservoir Considerations for Overbalanced and Underbalanced CT Operations D. Brant Bennion, F. Brent Thomas, A.K.M. Jamaluddin, T. Ma, and C. Agnew, Hycal Energy Research Laboratories
More informationEvaluation of CO2 storage actuarial risk: defining an evidence base
DEVEX 2011, 12 th May, Aberdeen Evaluation of CO2 storage actuarial risk: defining an evidence base Neil Burnside Mark Naylor School of Geosciences University of Edinburgh neil.burnside@ed.ac.uk Outline
More informationCHDT Cased Hole Dynamics Tester. Pressure testing and sampling in cased wells
CHDT Cased Hole Dynamics Tester testing and sampling in cased wells Applications Evaluation of old wells for bypassed hydrocarbons Development of critical economic data for well evaluation Reduced-risk
More informationModern Perforating Techniques: Key to Unlocking Reservoir Potential
Modern Perforating Techniques: Key to Unlocking Reservoir Potential DEVEX 2016 0052 Andy Martin Perforating Domain Advisor Schlumberger Aberdeen martin17@slb.com +44 7802 495068 Presentation Outline Introduction:
More informationNEW LABORATORY DATA BASED MODELING OF MISCIBLE DISPLACEMENT IN COMPOSITIONAL SIMULATION
SCA2005-55 1/12 NEW LABORATORY DATA BASED MODELING OF MISCIBLE DISPLACEMENT IN COMPOSITIONAL SIMULATION E. Shtepani, F. B. Thomas, D. B. Bennion, Hycal Energy Research Labs Ltd. This paper was prepared
More informationJohn Downs Cabot Specialty Fluids SPE European Formation Damage Conference
John Downs Cabot Specialty Fluids Water vapour in natural gas Natural gas is saturated with water vapour at reservoir conditions Equilbrium water vapour content of gas: - Increases with temperature (and
More informationAN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF IRREDUCIBLE WATER SATURATION ESTABILISHMENT
SCA2014-070 1/6 AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF IRREDUCIBLE WATER SATURATION ESTABILISHMENT Zhang Zubo, Luo Manli, ChenXu, Lv Weifeng Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, Petrochina This
More informationPerforating Center of Excellence TESTING SERVICES OVERVIEW
Perforating Center of Excellence TESTING SERVICES OVERVIEW Jet Research Center (JRC) is the leader in energetic research and testing for the oil and gas industry. Since introducing jet perforators for
More informationExtreme Overbalance, Propellant OR Extreme Underbalance. When and how EOP, Propellant or EUP could effectively improve the well s perforation
Extreme Overbalance, Propellant OR Extreme Underbalance When and how EOP, Propellant or EUP could effectively improve the well s perforation The first 130 years of perforating 1865, Tin torpedos filled
More informationPRODUCTION AND OPERATIONAL ISSUES
PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONAL ISSUES Dr. Ebrahim Fathi Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering Department West Virginia University Audience and Date March 2, 2016 Summary Production and Operational Issues Shale
More informationCHAPTER 5: VACUUM TEST WITH VERTICAL DRAINS
CHAPTER 5: VACUUM TEST WITH VERTICAL DRAINS 5.1 Introduction Using surcharging as the sole soil consolidation mean can take a long time to reach the desired soil settlement. Soil consolidation using prefabricated
More informationSPE The paper gives a brief description and the experience gained with WRIPS applied to water injection wells. The main
SPE 102831 Online Water-Injection Optimization and Prevention of Reservoir Damage Bjørn Øyvind Bringedal, Svein Arne Morud, Nicolas Alexander Hall, ABB; Gary Huseman, Shell Copyright 2006, Society of Petroleum
More informationChapter 5 HORIZONTAL DRILLING
Chapter 5 HORIZONTAL DRILLING Chapter 5 How much money am I about to put on the table for a horizontal well? Did I do sufficient planning? Keys to Successful Horizontal Wells Multi-disciplined teams working
More informationEXAMINER S REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION STATEMENT OF THE CASE
OIL AND GAS DO0KET NO. 01-0249550 THE APPLICATION OF REGENCY FS LP UNDER RULE 36 AND RULE 46 TO DISPOSE OF OIL AND WASTE CONTAINING HYDROGEN SULFIDE GAS INTO ITS TILDEN GPI WELL NO. 1, TILDEN, S. (WILCOX
More informationMATCHING EXPERIMENTAL SATURATION PROFILES BY NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF COMBINED AND COUNTER-CURRENT SPONTANEOUS IMBIBITION
SCA2016-005 1/12 MATCHING EXPERIMENTAL SATURATION PROFILES BY NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF COMBINED AND COUNTER-CURRENT SPONTANEOUS IMBIBITION Douglas W. Ruth 1, Martin A. Fernø 2, Åsmund Haugen 3, Bergit Brattekås
More informationDrilling Efficiency Utilizing Coriolis Flow Technology
Session 12: Drilling Efficiency Utilizing Coriolis Flow Technology Clement Cabanayan Emerson Process Management Abstract Continuous, accurate and reliable measurement of drilling fluid volumes and densities
More informationEvaluation of Hydropath Clearwell Technology On Carbonate Brine Scaling Using Tube Blocking Method
Flow Assurance R-4-319 November 24 Evaluation of Hydropath Clearwell Technology On Carbonate Brine Scaling Using Tube Blocking Method Final Report Authors: S. Brown & J. Rohan Work By: J. Rohan Westport
More informationSURPRISING TRENDS ON TRAPPED HYDROCARBON SATURATION WITH WETTABILITY
SCA2007-51 1/6 SURPRISING TRENDS ON TRAPPED HYDROCARBON SATURATION WITH WETTABILITY V. Sander Suicmez 1,2, Mohammad Piri 3 and Martin J. Blunt 2 1 EXPEC Advanced Research Center, Saudi Aramco, Dhahran
More informationPMI Pulse Decay Permeameter for Shale Rock Characterization Yang Yu, Scientist Porous Materials Inc., 20 Dutch Mill Road, Ithaca NY 14850
PMI Pulse Decay Permeameter for Shale Rock Characterization Yang Yu, Scientist Porous Materials Inc., 20 Dutch Mill Road, Ithaca NY 14850 This document describes the application of Pulse Decay Permeameter
More informationCompaction, Permeability, and Fluid Flow in Brent-type Reservoirs Under Depletion and Pressure Blowdown
Compaction, Permeability, and Fluid Flow in Brent-type Reservoirs Under Depletion and Pressure Blowdown by Øystein Pettersen, CIPR CIPR Technology Seminar 2010 Outline Experimental & Field Observations
More informationCHAPTER 6: PERMEABILITY MEASUREMENT
CHAPTER 6: PERMEABILITY MEASUREMENT Objective To measure the permeability of rock samples using a gas permeameter and to apply Klinkenberg effect corrections to obtain the liquid permeability. Introduction
More informationAdvanced Applications of Wireline Cased-Hole Formation Testers. Adriaan Gisolf, Vladislav Achourov, Mario Ardila, Schlumberger
Advanced Applications of Wireline Cased-Hole Formation Testers Adriaan Gisolf, Vladislav Achourov, Mario Ardila, Schlumberger Agenda Introduction to Cased Hole Formation tester Tool specifications Applications
More informationPermeability. Darcy's Law
Permeability Permeability is a property of the porous medium that measures the capacity and ability of the formation to transmit fluids. The rock permeability, k, is a very important rock property because
More informationGAS CONDENSATE RESERVOIRS. Dr. Helmy Sayyouh Petroleum Engineering Cairo University
GAS CONDENSATE RESERVOIRS Dr. Helmy Sayyouh Petroleum Engineering Cairo University Introduction and Definitions Gas condensate production may be thought of as a type intermediate between oil and gas. The
More informationInfluence of Capillary Pressure on Estimation of Relative Permeability for Immiscible WAG Processes
Influence of Capillary Pressure on Estimation of Relative Permeability for Immiscible WAG Processes Elisabeth Iren Dale 1,2 and Arne Skauge 1 1 Centre for Integrated Petroleum Research - University of
More informationLOW PERMEABILITY MEASUREMENTS USING STEADY-STATE AND TRANSIENT METHODS
SCA2007-07 1/12 LOW PERMEABILITY MEASUREMENTS USING STEADY-STATE AND TRANSIENT METHODS P. Carles, P. Egermann*, R. Lenormand, JM. Lombard Institut Français du Pétrole (* now with GDF) This paper was prepared
More informationGEOTHERMAL WELL COMPLETION TESTS
GEOTHERMAL WELL COMPLETION TESTS Hagen Hole Geothermal Consultants NZ Ltd., Birkenhead, Auckland, New Zealand. ABSTRACT This paper reviews the measurements that are typically made in a well immediately
More informationSqueeze Cementing. Brett W. Williams Cementing Technical Advisor January 2016 Tulsa API Meeting
Squeeze Cementing Brett W. Williams Cementing Technical Advisor January 2016 Tulsa API Meeting Definition Squeeze Cementing is the process of applying hydraulic pressure to force or squeeze a cement slurry
More informationExperimental and numerical investigation of one-dimensional waterflood in porous reservoir
al and numerical investigation of one-dimensional waterflood in porous reservoir N. Hadia a, L. Chaudhari a, A. Aggarwal b, Sushanta K. Mitra a, *, M. Vinjamur b, R. Singh c a IITB ONGC Joint Research
More informationGas Gathering System Modeling The Pipeline Pressure Loss Match
PETROLEUM SOCIETY CANADIAN INSTITUTE OF MINING, METALLURGY & PETROLEUM PAPER 2005-230 Gas Gathering System Modeling The Pipeline Pressure Loss Match R.G. MCNEIL, P.ENG. Fekete Associates Inc. D.R. LILLICO,
More informationAPPENDIX A1 - Drilling and completion work programme
APPENDIX A1 - Drilling and completion work programme Information about the well and drilling To the extent possible, the international system of units (SI) should be adhered to, and the drilling programme
More informationMeasuring Relative Permeability With NMR
SCA2018-054 1/10 Measuring Relative Permeability With NMR M.J. Dick 1, D. Veselinovic 1, T. Kenney 1 and D. Green 1 1 Green Imaging Technologies, Fredericton, NB, Canada This paper was prepared for presentation
More informationFrom the Reservoir Limit to Pipeline Flow: How Hydrocarbon Reserves are Produced. 11/10/
From the Reservoir Limit to Pipeline Flow: How Hydrocarbon Reserves are Produced 11/10/2011 www.gekengineering.com 1 Rock Occurance and Production Although carbonates are a smaller volume of rock present,
More informationTesting Services Overview
2 Jet Research Center JRC Jet Research Center Perforating Center of Excellence Testing Services Overview API RP19B Testing Advanced Testing Operational Testing API RP19B Testing The American Petroleum
More informationSPE Copyright 2000, Society of Petroleum Engineers Inc.
SPE 62935 Use of Solvents To Improve the Productivity of Gas Condensate Wells Liangui Du, Jacob G. Walker, SPE, Gary A. Pope, SPE, Mukul M. Sharma, SPE, Peng Wang, SPE, Center for Petroleum and Geosystems
More informationEXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON BEESWAX USING WATERJET DRILLING
In: Journal of Characterization and Development of Novel Materials ISSN: 1937-7975 Volume 1, Issue 4, pp. 285 296 2010 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON BEESWAX USING WATERJET DRILLING
More informationReclassification and Recompletion
Reclassification and Recompletion Guideline PNG024 September 2015 Revision 1.0 Governing Legislation: Act: The Oil and Gas Conservation Act Regulation: The Oil and Gas Conservation Regulations, 2012 Record
More informationUsing Gas Lift to Unload Horizontal Gas Wells
Gas Well Deliquification Workshop Sheraton Hotel, Denver, Colorado February 27 March 2, 211 Using Gas Lift to Unload Horizontal Gas Wells Rob Sutton Marathon Oil Company Conventional Gas Lift Application
More informationPlease note that there was an error in the initial proposal: samples should be nominally 1 inch in diameter (see below).
Test schedule for Inter-lab testing Perm/Strength/Vel... October 9, 2008 from David Lockner Dear colleagues, Here is the revised protocol for Inter-lab testing of Strength/Permeability/Wave
More informationGas injection in a water saturated porous medium: effect of capillarity, buoyancy, and viscosity ratio
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Energy Procedia 37 (213 ) 5545 5552 GHGT-11 Gas injection in a water saturated porous medium: effect of capillarity, buoyancy, and viscosity ratio Tetsuya Suekane
More informationFORMATION TESTER MOBILITY. Lachlan Finlayson, Chief Petrophysicist Petrofac Engineering & Production Services Engineering Services Consultancy
FORMATION TESTER MOBILITY Lachlan Finlayson, Chief Petrophysicist Petrofac Engineering & Production Services Engineering Services Consultancy 1 Introduction Petrofac Formation Testers Pretest Procedure
More informationRESERVOIR DRIVE MECHANISMS
RESERVOIR DRIVE MECHANISMS There are several ways in which oil can be naturally displaced and produced from a reservoir, and these may be termed mechanisms or "drives". Where one mechanism is dominant,
More informationEVALUATION OF GAS BUBBLE DURING FOAMY OIL DEPLETION EXPERIMENT USING CT SCANNING
SCA216-41 1/6 EVALUATION OF GAS BUBBLE DURING FOAMY OIL DEPLETION EXPERIMENT USING CT SCANNING Weifeng LV, Zhenpeng LENG, Xingmin LI, Heping CHEN, Jiru YANG, Ninghong JIA Research Institute of Petroleum
More informationReservoir Engineering 3 (Flow through Porous Media and Applied Reservoir Engineering)
Sudan University of Science and Technology College of Petroleum Engineering and Technology Reservoir Engineering 3 (Flow through Porous Media and Applied Reservoir Engineering) Dr. Tagwa Ahmed Musa Last
More informationAlong-string pressure, temperature measurements hold revolutionary promise for downhole management
Along-string pressure, temperature measurements hold revolutionary promise for downhole management IT S WIDELY KNOWN that the majority of stuck pipe incidents occur while pulling out of hole. If we can
More informationSIMULATION OF CORE LIFTING PROCESS FOR LOST GAS CALCULATION IN SHALE RESERVOIRS
SCA213-5 1/12 SIMULATION OF CORE LIFTING PROCESS FOR LOST GAS CALCULATION IN SHALE RESERVOIRS Kurt Wilson, A.S. Padmakar, Firoze Mondegarian, Chevron This paper was prepared for presentation at the International
More informationBlowout during Workover Operation A case study Narration by: Tarsem Singh & Arvind Jain, OISD
1. Introduction An incident of gas leakage from a well took place during workover operations. Subsequently, the gas caught fire on the fourth day in which twelve persons were injured. Two contract workers,
More informationBLOCKAGE LOCATION THE PULSE METHOD
BLOCKAGE LOCATION THE PULSE METHOD Presented by John Pitchford Pitchford In-Line Author James Pitchford ABSTRACT Pipeline blockages can result from a number of different mechanisms: wax or solid hydrates
More informationAvailable online at GHGT-9. Computer Modelling Group Ltd., 150, Street NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2L 2A6
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Energy Energy Procedia 100 (2009) (2008) 3015 3022 000 000 Energy Procedia www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia www.elsevier.com/locate/xxx GHGT-9 Risk Mitigation
More informationMEASUREMENTS OF RESIDUAL GAS SATURATION UNDER AMBIENT CONDITIONS
MEASUREMENTS OF RESIDUAL GAS SATURATION UNDER AMBIENT CONDITIONS Minghua Ding and Apostolos Kantzas, 2 : TIPM Laboratory, Calgary, Alberta Canada 2: Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering University
More informationCoal Bed Methane (CBM) Permeability Testing
Coal Bed Methane (CBM) Permeability Testing WTN Network Meeting April 28-29, 2011 ExxonMobil Exploration / Well Testing Team CBM Flow Characteristics Flow mechanism Gas desorbs when pressure drops below
More informationEnbridge G & P (East Texas) LP EXAMINER S REPORT AND PROPOSAL FOR DECISION STATEMENT OF THE CASE
OIL AND GAS DOCKET NO. 05-0263914 THE APPLICATION OF ENBRIDGE G & P (EAST TEXAS) LP FOR AUTHORITY PURSUANT TO STATEWIDE RULES 9 AND 36 TO DISPOSE OF OIL AND GAS WASTE CONTAINING HYDROGEN SULFIDE INTO ITS
More informationHTHP Filter Press for Ceramic Disks with 175-mL, Double-Capped Test Cell and CO 2 # : (115 V) # : (230 V) Instruction Manual
HTHP Filter Press for Ceramic Disks with 175-mL, Double-Capped Test Cell and CO 2 Pressuring Assemblies #170-00-7: (115 V) #170-01-6: (230 V) Instruction Manual Updated 12/30/2014 Ver. 1.2 OFI Testing
More informationSCA : TRAPPED VERSUS INITIAL GAS SATURATION TRENDS FROM A SINGLE CORE TEST Dan Maloney and David Zornes, ConocoPhillips
SCA2003-22: TRAPPED VERSUS INITIAL GAS SATURATION TRENDS FROM A SINGLE CORE TEST Dan Maloney and David Zornes, ConocoPhillips This paper was prepared for presentation at the International Symposium of
More informationPETROLEUM & GAS PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY (PTT 365) SEPARATION OF PRODUCED FLUID
PETROLEUM & GAS PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY (PTT 365) SEPARATION OF PRODUCED FLUID Miss Nur Izzati Bte Iberahim Introduction Well effluents flowing from producing wells come out in two phases: vapor and liquid
More informationAugust 21, Deepwater MPD / PMCD
August 21, 2011 Deepwater MPD / PMCD Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) Pressure held on top of riser while drilling. Drill in overbalance condition Pressurized Mud Cap Drilling (PMCD) Pressure of mud column
More informationCOMPARISON OF FOUR NUMERICAL SIMULATORS FOR SCAL EXPERIMENTS
SCA2016-006 1/12 COMPARISON OF FOUR NUMERICAL SIMULATORS FOR SCAL EXPERIMENTS Roland Lenormand 1), Kjetil Lorentzen 2), Jos G. Maas 3) and Douglas Ruth 4) 1) Cydarex, France; 2) PRORES AS, Norway; 3) Consultant,
More informationCarbon Dioxide Flooding. Dr. Helmy Sayyouh Petroleum Engineering Cairo University
Carbon Dioxide Flooding Dr. Helmy Sayyouh Petroleum Engineering Cairo University Properties of CO 2... Properties of CO2... CO2 density increases with:.increasing pressure.decreasing temperature Viscosity
More informationInstallation Operation Maintenance
682 Seal Cooler New generation seal cooler to meet and exceed the seal cooler requirements stated in the 4th Edition of API Standard 682 Installation Operation Maintenance Experience In Motion Description
More informationSUPPLEMENT Well Control for Drilling Operations Workover & Completion for Supervisors Core Curriculum and Related Learning Objectives
SUPPLEMENT Well Control for Drilling Operations Workover & Completion for Supervisors Core Curriculum and Related Learning Objectives Form WSP-02-DO-SU-WOC-S Revision 0 13 February 2015 DC 2015 COPYRGHT
More informationSPE Copyright 2012, Society of Petroleum Engineers
SPE 159645 Successful Application of Venturi Orifice Gas Lift Valve in Kaji-Semoga Field, South Sumatra: A Case Study Nova Arthur Rilian, SPE, Adam Fatchur Rohman, SPE, Kamal Hamzah, SPE, Yoseph Itok Arseto,
More informationDetermination of Capillary pressure & relative permeability curves
Determination of Capillary pressure & relative permeability curves With Refrigerated Centrifuge Multi speed centrifuge experiments Introduction As the porous diaphragm method (see Vinci s CAPRI), the centrifuge
More informationConstruction Dewatering
Construction Dewatering Introduction The control of groundwater is one of the most common and complicated problems encountered on a construction site. Construction dewatering can become a costly issue
More informationFREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
What are some applications in which you ve successfully used this product? New Completions - Stage by Stage Diversion Between Frac plugs for Intra-Stage Diversion Replace Frac Plugs with Perf PODs - Full
More informationMeasurement of Velocity Profiles in Production Wells Using Spinner Surveys and Rhodamine WT Fluorescent Tracer; Geothermal Field (California)
and Spielman Measurement of Velocity Profiles in Production Wells Using Spinner Surveys and Rhodamine WT Fluorescent Tracer; Geothermal Field (California) William L. Osborn and Paul Spielman California
More informationWorked Questions and Answers
Worked Questions and Answers A Learning Document for prospective Candidates For the Rotary Drilling Well Control Test Programme Copyright, IWCF June 2000 Revision No.1, November 2000 IWCF 2000 page 1 of
More informationAn Improved Understanding of LNAPL Behavior in the Subsurface LNAPL - Part 1
An Improved Understanding of LNAPL Behavior in the Subsurface LNAPL - Part 1 Dave Thomas Copyright 2011 Chevron Corporation All Rights Reserved Copyright claimed throughout, except where owned by others
More informationREVIEW OF THE INTERCEPT METHOD FOR RELATIVE PERMEABILITY CORRECTION USING A VARIETY OF CASE STUDY DATA
SCA2018-030 1/14 REVIEW OF THE INTERCEPT METHOD FOR RELATIVE PERMEABILITY CORRECTION USING A VARIETY OF CASE STUDY DATA Jules Reed 1, Jos Maas 2 (1) Lloyd s Register, Aberdeen, UK (2) Independent Consultant
More informationPetroleum Development
Petroleum Development Original Idea... It has been said, "oil is first found in the minds of explorationists." Usually, this is the case. An explorationist, utilizing available data and information, will
More informationHard or Soft Shut-in : Which is the Best Approach?
HARD - SOFT shut-in? Hard or Soft Shut-in : Which is the Best Approach? March '93 INTRODUCTION There is now reasonable acceptance through-out the industry for the use of a hard shut-in procedure following
More informationAPPS Halliburton. All Rights Reserved. AUTHORS: Mandeep Kuldeep Singh and Josh Lavery, Halliburton
Successful Use of API Section IV Testing to Select Between Zinc and Steel Case Shaped Charges in a Dual Zone Cased Hole Gravel Pack Tubing Conveyed Perforating Operation for a Gas Well: Case Study 2018
More informationInnovating Gas-Lift for Life of Well Artificial Lift Solution. The Unconventional Solution!
Innovating Gas-Lift for Life of Well Artificial Lift Solution The Unconventional Solution! Glenn Wilde Optimum Production Technologies Inc. Revive Energy Corp. Unconventional Oil & Gas Resources Unconventional
More informationAPPLICATIONS OF THE INTERCEPT METHOD TO CORRECT STEADY-STATE RELATIVE PERMEABILITY FOR CAPILLARY END-EFFECTS
SCA2015-001 1/12 APPLICATIONS OF THE INTERCEPT METHOD TO CORRECT STEADY-STATE RELATIVE PERMEABILITY FOR CAPILLARY END-EFFECTS Robin Gupta and Daniel Maloney ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company This paper
More informationThe Use Of Length/Diameter Ratio To Determine The Reliability Of Permeability Data From Core Samples
American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER) e-issn : 2320-07 p-issn : 2320-0936 Volume-03, Issue-06, pp-16-19 www.ajer.org Research Paper Open Access The Use Of Length/Diameter Ratio To Determine The
More informationHigh Pressure Continuous Gas Circulation: A solution for the
Gas Well Deliquification Workshop Sheraton Hotel, February 20 22, 2017 High Pressure Continuous Gas Circulation: A solution for the Pressure Dependent Permeability of the Haynesville Shale? Bill Elmer,
More informationSUPPLEMENT Well Control for Drilling Operations Workover & Completion for Drillers Core Curriculum and Related Learning Objectives
SUPPLEMENT Well Control for Drilling Operations Workover & Completion for Drillers Core Curriculum and Related Learning Objectives Form WSP-02-DO-SU-WOC-D Revision 0 13 February 2015 DC 2015 COPYRGHT PROTECTED
More informationEVALUATION OF WATER SATURATION FROM RESISTIVITY IN A CARBONATE FIELD. FROM LABORATORY TO LOGS.
SCA2004-22 1/12 EVALUATION OF WATER SATURATION FROM RESISTIVITY IN A CARBONATE FIELD. FROM LABORATORY TO LOGS. M. Fleury 1, M. Efnik 2, M.Z. Kalam 2 (1) Institut Français du Pétrole, Rueil-Malmaison, France
More informationThe Alberta Energy Regulator (AER) has approved this directive on January 31, Introduction Purpose of This Directive...
Directive 008 Release date: January 31, 2018 Effective date: January 31, 2018 Replaces previous edition issued February 29, 2016 Surface Casing Depth Requirements The Alberta Energy Regulator (AER) has
More information