Bit shape geometric considerations when sampling by dry drilling for obtaining chloride profiles in concrete

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Bit shape geometric considerations when sampling by dry drilling for obtaining chloride profiles in concrete"

Transcription

1 Materals and Structures/Matéraux et Constructons, Vol. 34, Aprl 2001, pp TECHNICAL REPORTS Bt shape geometrc consderatons when samplng by dry drllng for obtanng chlorde profles n concrete M. A. Clment, G. de Vera and E. Vquera Departament d Engnyera de la Construccó, Obres Pùblques I Infrastructura Urbana,Unverstat d Alacant, Ap. 99, Alacant (Alcante), Span Paper receved: Aprl 3, 2000; Paper accepted: November 3, 2000 A B S T R A C T When obtanng dust concrete samples by dry drllng to determne chlorde content profles, the common concal shape of the bt tp nduces some problems for assgnng the analyzed Cl - content of each sample to a fxed depth from surface, (whch s necessary for applyng Cl - transport models): the amount of concrete removed s not the same throughout the length of a sngle drllng step, and concrete comng from depths lower than the nomnal drllng step s also obtaned. It s proposed that each Cl - concentraton n the profle should be assgned to the gravty centre of the sold sample really removed n each drllng step, nstead of assgnng t to the centre of the nomnal drllng step. A smple method for calculatng the gravty centre of each sample obtaned by dry drllng, has been developed. The calculated values of Cl - dffuson coeffcents from a Cl - content profle may be apprecably lower f the centres of gravty of the samples, nstead of the centres of the nomnal drllng steps, are used for the calculatons. R É S U M É Quand on obtent, au moyen d un forage à sec, des échantllons de béton pulvérsé destnés à établr le profl de concentraton de chlorure, la forme conque de la mèche entraîne des problèmes dans l assgnaton de chaque échantllon à une profondeur fxée, à partr de la surface, (cette assgnaton est nécessare pour applquer des modèles de transport de Cl - ) : la quantté de béton prélevée n est pas la même à travers toute la longueur de chaque échelon du forage. D autre part, on obtent auss de la poudre de béton à des nveaux mons profonds que l échelon nomnal du forage. Pour cela, on propose d assgner chaque concentraton de Cl - du profl au centre de gravté de l échantllon solde réellement obtenu à chaque échelon, plutôt que d assgner cette concentraton au centre de l échelon nomnal. On a développé une méthode smple pour calculer le centre de gravté des échantllons obtenus par forage à sec. Les valeurs ssues du calcul du coeffcent de dffuson de chlorure à partr d un profl de concentraton peuvent être apprécablement nféreures s l on utlse pour ces calculs les centres de gravté des échantllons plutôt que les centres des échelons nomnaux du forage. 1. INTRODUCTION The chlorde concentraton profle n concrete from the exposed surface nwards s a valuable tool for assessng the rsk of corroson of renforcement steel n concrete structures exposed to marne or de-cng salt envronments. Furthermore several test methods for obtanng chlorde (Cl - ) dffuson coeffcents n nonsteady-state condtons are based on fttng the expermental Cl - content profle to a partcular equaton [1]. The frst step for obtanng the profle s samplng, that may be done on-ste or at laboratory on cores prevously taken from the structure or concrete specmen. Several samples must be taken at selected depths from surface n order to get a detaled Cl - content profle. Three knds of methods are most used for obtanng these samples: by dry drllng usng a rotary hammer and a masonry bt [1-12]; by grndng from surface usng especally constructed or adapted devces [1, 10, 13, 14]; and by cuttng wth a saw slces of concrete from a core, whch subsequently wll be crushed to get the powdered samples [2, 10, 15, 16]. The former two procedures may be appled both on-ste or at laboratory. The drllng method s a rather cheap and quck procedure for samplng, although t allows to attan less precson than the grndng methods, whch may yeld samples at depth steps of 0.5 mm, whle the mnmum depth step for the drllng method s about 5 mm. The objectve of ths Edtoral Note Dr. Mguel A. Clment s a RILEM Senor Member. He partcpates n RILEM TC 178-TMC: Testng and modellng chlorde penetraton n concrete /01 RILEM 150

2 Clment, Vquera paper s to descrbe some consderatons relatve to the assgnment of depth to the samples obtaned by dry drllng, whch may help to mprove the relablty of the calculated transport parameters from a Cl - profle. In ths sense t s worth pontng out the actual nterest n analyzng and standardsng the expermental procedures for testng Cl - penetraton nto concrete [1, 17]. Table 1 Approxmate geometrc parameters of some bts φ (mm) h (mm) α ( ) PARTICULAR CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE DRY DRILLING SAMPLING METHOD One of the most mportant needs when samplng s to get representatve and non-contamnated samples. Ths means that some mechancal fxaton of the drllng devce to the concrete surface s needed to ensure a perfectly perpendcular drllng, and t s necessary to clean the hole,.e. by blowng compressed ar, after obtanng each sample. These latter condtons must be fulflled n order to avod the contamnaton of a sample wth dust comng from earler depth steps [18]. A mnmum bt dameter, usually 18 mm, s requred to avod excessve contrbutons from large aggregates, when these are present. Another useful means for obtanng a more representatve sample s to perform several drllngs n the surroundngs of each pont to be studed n a structure [19]. Another pont of concern when samplng by dry drllng s the assgnment of depth from surface to each sample. Ths fact s especally relevant f a model s gong to be used to derve Cl - transport parameters. Let us suppose that the drllng s beng performed at 5 mm depth steps. At a frst glance each dust sample would correspond to a cylndrcal pece of concrete wth the same dameter of the bt, and ts Cl - concentraton should be assgned to the centre of the depth step, (.e. 7.5 mm for the second sample obtaned whle the bt tp has moved from 5 to 10 mm depths), when plottng the profle. Nevertheless some geometrc consderatons due to the concal shape of the bt tp must be taken nto account. It may be apprecated n Fg. 1 that the frst sample obtaned from surface corresponds to a cylnder endng wth a cone, whose geometry depends on the geometrc parameters of the bt used. Table 1 collects approxmate data estmated for some bts normally used for dry drllng n concrete. It s nterestng to note that the angle α s always about 25 for ths range of bt cone dameters. Fg. 1 Ideal geometrc projecton of a bore hole performed wth a bt of dameter φ. Fg. 2 Ideal geometrc projecton of the second 5 mm step concrete sample taken by drllng wth a 18 mm dameter bt from 5 to 10 mm depth from surface. Table 2 Volume of concrete powder obtaned at each mm depth nterval when drllng a sngle sample (from 5 to 10 mm depth nterval), wth a 18 mm dameter bt. See Fg. 2 Depth from Volume of % of volume % of volume surface (mm) concrete (ref. to (ref. to (mm 3 ) 5-6 nterval) total) 1 2 V V V V V V V V V TOTAL Fg. 2 shows the deal geometrc projecton of the second 5 mm step concrete sample, taken by drllng wth a 18 mm dameter bt, from 5 to 10 mm depth from surface. An mportant consequence s derved from the concal shape of the bt tp: when drllng the second and followng samples we obtan also dust from depths lower than the nomnal depth step. For the 5-10 mm sample we get some concrete dust comng from the 1 to 5 mm nterval. Table 2 shows the calculated volumes of concrete powder obtaned at each mm depth nterval when drllng the sample correspondng to Fg. 2. These data have been calculated by usng the correspondng expressons for the volumes of a cylnder, a cone and a cone frustum, and by consderng that the volumes of concrete obtaned for each mm nterval between 1 and 5 mm 151

3 Materals and Structures/Matéraux et Constructons, Vol. 34, Aprl 2001 these facts pont to the concluson that when a concal tp bt s used to obtan the samples for a Cl - content profle, each Cl - concentraton should not be assgned ether to the centre of the depth step or to the depth reached by the tp. A more accurate and realstc approach would be to assgn the Cl - concentratons to the gravty centres of the sold volumes of concrete really taken n each drllng step. The gravty centre of the spatal fgure whose projecton s shown n Fg. 2 may be calculated from the data of Table 2, but an easer way to calculate the gravty centre of each sample has been developed. Fg. 3 Ideal geometrc projectons of the frst sample (A) and the nth sample (B) taken by drllng from a concrete surface n L mm steps. Dashed lnes separate the decomposton elements consdered n each case. Sold ponts ndcate the gravty centres of each decomposton element. See prevous fgures and text for detals. Table 3 Comparson between the postons of the centres of drllng depth steps and the postons of the gravty centres of samples obtaned by dry drllng Bt dameter, Drllng depth Centre of drllng depth Gravty centre of sold φ (mm) step, L (mm) step (mm) sample (mm) 1st step 2nd step 3rd step 1st step 2nd step 3rd step depths, are complementary to the volumes obtaned between 6 and 10 mm. It s worth notng that an mportant contrbuton of the total volume, (53.4%), s obtaned, n ths case, at depths lower than the nomnal drllng depth step,.e. at depths between 1 and 5 mm. Furthermore the relatve mportance of the concrete volumes obtaned between 8 and 10 mm s rather low. All METHOD OF CALCULATION OF THE GRAVITY CENTRES OF CONCRETE SAMPLES OBTAINED BY DRY DRILLING Fg. 3 shows the deal geometrc projectons of the frst sample (A) and the second and subsequent samples (B) taken by drllng from a concrete surface n L mm steps. In order to smplfy the dscusson below we wll suppose that the matter consttutng these fgures s homogeneous. Ths assumpton s always mplct when handlng Cl - concentraton profles, unless separate analyss are performed to determne the bnder and aggregate contents of each sample. It s easly recognzed that the symmetry of Fgs. 3A and 3B mples that ther gravty centres (GC) are located on the drllng axs, whch wll be dentfed as the X axs. Fgs. 3A and 3B may be decomposed nto two or three components of more smple geometry, respectvely. These components are separated n Fg. 3 by dashed lnes. When a spatal fgure can be decomposed nto several fgures of volume V, whose GC le all on the X axs at x, then the X coordnate of the GC of the overall fgure can be calculated as: x GC V x The volumes V may be easly calculated takng nto account that the decomposton elements n Fg. 3 are: cylnders of heght (L-h), cones of heght h, and the spatal element represented on the left n Fg. 3B s complementary wth a cone of heght h for yeldng a cylnder of heght h. Ths means that the volume of the left element n Fg. 3B s the double of that of the cone on the rght. It s not even necessary to calculate the real volumes of the elements f we adopt the unty of volume as that of a cylnder of heght 1 mm and the same radus of the bt, then the volume of cylnders n Fg. 3 wll be (L-h), the volume of the cone wll be (h/3) and the volume of the left element n Fg. 3B wll be (2h/3). The x coordnates of the GC of the elements are located at half the heght for a cylnder, at (h/4) for a cone and at (5h/8) for the = V (1)

4 Clment, Vquera complementary left element n Fg. 3B. So drect expressons for calculatng x, based only on the knowledge of L and h, can be derved. These expressons are ndcated on the sold ponts of Fg. 3, whch dentfy the postons of the GC of the decomposton elements. Table 3 shows the GC of the sold concrete samples taken wth dfferent bts, from 12 to 22 mm dameter, and wth dfferent L depth steps, between 5 and 20 mm. The postons of the GC have been calculated wth the expressons ndcated n Fg. 3 and data from Table 1. It s worth notng that the GC of the frst sample drlled from a concrete surface, wth these bts, s located at depths lower, between 0.9 and 1.6 mm, than the nomnal centre of the drllng depth step. For the second and subsequent samples the GC s shallower than the nomnal centre of drllng step by a dfference between 2.0 and 3.3 mm. A lmtaton of the valdty of the expressons and calculatons descrbed here s the ntegrty of the bt tp geometry. If a spent bt, whose tp geometrc parameters (see Fg. 1) have been modfed due to the wearng out of the tool, s used for the drllng process the expressons ndcated before would not be applcable. A drect consequence of the consderatons descrbed here s that f Cl - content data obtaned from samples taken by dry drllng, are used to derve transport parameters,.e. dffuson coeffcents, D, dfferent values would be obtaned f each Cl - datum s assgned to the sample GC depth as descrbed before or to the mean depth of the nomnal drllng step. The former case wll yeld lower D values. Some quantfcaton of ths effect would be of nterest. 4. QUANTIFICATION OF THE EFFECT OF THE CONSIDERATION OF BIT GEOMETRY UPON CALCULATED CHLORIDE DIFFUSION COEFFICIENTS Osborne and Sngh [11] obtaned Cl - concentraton profles n specmens of dfferent concretes submtted to exposure to a marne envronment durng four years, as a part of ther expermental program. The samples were taken by dry drllng, but the dameter of the bt used was not ndcated. These authors dd not calculate Cl - transport parameters from ther data. Table 4 contans a set of Cl - concentraton expermental data correspondng to a partcular concrete specmen [11]. For ths set we have calculated the correspondng centres of nomnal drllng depth steps and the correspondng depths of the GC of the samples, followng the expressons of Fg. 3. To ths end we have assumed bt dameters of 12 mm (fourth column n Table 4) and 18 mm (ffth column). Fnally the Cl - dffuson coeffcent, D, and the surface Cl - content, C s, have been calculated by usng the standard error functon soluton to Fck s Second Law of Dffuson for one dmensonal flow nto a 153 sem-nfnte medum [20]. The calculaton nput data have been the expermental Cl - concentratons and three sets of X coordnates correspondng to the centres of the nomnal drllng depth steps, and GC of the samples, see Table 4. It s apprecable from Table 4 that the calculated D value s lowered by about 23% (12 mm bt) or by 32% (18 mm bt) when the centres of the drllng steps are replaced by the GC, whle the C s value s much less affected by ths replacement. In order to get a more detaled assessment of the magntude of ths effect we have extended the calculatons descrbed before to twenty Cl - content profles reported n [11], correspondng to dfferent concrete specmens submtted to full mmerson n sea water or to tdal exposure. The percentage of reducton of D ranges between 6 and 26% (12 mm bt) and between 8 and 35% (18 mm bt). These results confrm the expected non-neglgble nfluence of the consderaton of bt geometry. The dfferent percentages of reducton of D found for the twenty profles treated may be explaned by the dfferent shape of each Cl - profle: a steep profle wth a hgh Cl - content gradent nduces hgher senstvty to the fact of takng nto account or not the geometrc consderatons descrbed here, than a flat profle wth a low Cl - concentraton gradent. The percentages of reducton of D found n these calculatons are not too hgh when compared wth the varablty found n repeated determnatons of D through non-steady-state Cl - mgraton or dffuson tests wth the same type of concrete [1]. Nevertheless the standardsaton of the tests for assessng the resstance of concrete to Cl - ngress, ncludng samplng procedures and calculaton conventons, appears as a clear need f t s desred to compare approprately results obtaned through dfferent methods or by dfferent laboratores. Furthermore the calculatons needed to determne the GC postons of the drlled samples are qute smple and do not mply a sgnfcant complcaton for the applcaton of a transport model. Table 4 Expermental Cl - content profle obtaned from a concrete specmen submtted durng 4 years to mmerson n sea water [11]. Calculated postons of centres of drllng depth steps and gravty centres. Calculated Cl - transport parameters. See text for detals EXPERIMENTAL [11] CALCULATED ( ths work ) % Cl - Depth step Centre of step Bt φ 12 mm Bt φ 18 mm ref. to concrete (mm) (mm) GC (mm) GC (mm) weght D (cm 2 /s) 5.9 x x x 10 9 C s (% Cl - )

5 Materals and Structures/Matéraux et Constructons, Vol. 34, Aprl CONCLUSIONS Dust concrete samples from selected depth ntervals from the surface of a concrete structure, exposed to a salty envronment, may be obtaned by dry drllng wth a rotary hammer and a masonry bt, n order to determne the chlorde content profle. Due to the concal shape of the bt tp the amount of concrete dust removed s not the same all along the drllng depth step; and furthermore for the second and subsequent samples, concrete dust from depths lower than the nomnal drllng step s obtaned. For these reasons t s proposed that each Cl - concentraton n the profle should be assgned to the gravty centre of the sold sample really taken n the drllng step, nstead of assgnng t to the centre of the nomnal drllng step. A smple method for calculatng the GC of each sample obtaned by dry drllng, has been developed. The method s only based on geometrc consderatons of the bt shape and the real spatal dstrbuton of the concrete removed n each depth step. The nput data requred for ths calculaton are the drllng step length (L) and the heght (h) of the cone that consttutes the bt tp. The calculated values of Cl - dffuson coeffcents may be lowered by as much as 26 to 35%, due to the fact of usng the GC of the samples, nstead of the centres of the nomnal drllng depth steps, for the calculatons. Nevertheless ths reducton may be dependent upon the shape of the Cl - profle. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Ths work has been fnancally supported by the Consellería d Educacó Cènca de la Generaltat Valencana through project GV-3224/95 and grant GR We thank all members of RILEM TC 178- TMC and especally the Charlady Prof. C. Andrade for valuable dscussons. REFERENCES [1] Andrade, C., Castellote, M., Alonso, C. and González, C., Nonsteady-state chlorde dffuson coeffcents obtaned from mgraton and natural dffuson tests. Part I: Comparson between several methods of calculaton, Mater. Struct. 33 (2000) [2] West, R. E. and Hme, W. G., Chlorde profles n salty concrete, Materals Performance (July 1985) [3] Bamforth, P. B. and Pocock, D. C., Mnmsng the rsk of chlorde nduced corroson by selecton of concretng materals, n Corroson of Renforcement n Concrete, Proceedngs of Thrd Int. Symposum, Warwckshre, U.K., May 1990 (Socety of Chemcal Industry, London, 1990) [4] Thomas, M. D. A., Matthews, J. D. and Haynes, C. A., Chlorde dffuson and renforcement corroson n marne exposed concretes contanng pulverzed fuel ash, n Corroson of Renforcement n Concrete, Proceedngs of Thrd Int. Symposum, Warwckshre, U.K., May 1990 (Socety of Chemcal Industry, London, 1990) [5] Jaegermann, C., Effect of water-cement rato and curng on chlorde penetraton nto concrete exposed to medterranean sea clmate, ACI Materals Journal 87 (1990) [6] Funahash, M., Predctng corroson-free servce lfe of a concrete structure n a chlorde envronment, ACI Materals Journal 87 (1990) [7] Lam, K. C., Roy, S. K. and Northwood, D. O., Chlorde ngress measurements and corroson potental mappng study of a 24-year-old renforced concrete jetty structure n a tropcal marne envronment, Magazne of Concrete Research 44 (1992) [8] Sand, B. T., The effect of the envronmental load on chlorde penetraton, Nordc Mnsemnar on Chlorde Penetraton nto Concrete (Göteborg, Sweden, January 1993) [9] Mustafa, M. A. and Yusof, K. M., Atmospherc chlorde penetraton nto concrete n sem-tropcal marne envronment, Cement and Concrete Research 24 (1994) [10] Poulsen, E., Chlorde profles. Analyss and nterpretaton of observatons, AEC Laboratory, Vedbæk, Denmark (1995). [11] Osborne, G. J. and Sngh, B., Chlorde on penetraton and frost resstance of hgh-alumna cement (HAC) and HAC/ground granulated blast furnace slag concretes n marne envronments n Performance of Concrete n a Marne Envronment, Proceedngs of Thrd CANMET/ACI Int. Conference, St. Andrews by-the-sea, Canada, August 1996 (Amercan Concrete Insttute, SP-163, Farmngton Hlls, Mchgan 1996) [12] Costa, A. and Appleton, J., Chlorde penetraton nto concrete n marne envronment. Part I: Man parameters affectng chlorde penetraton, Mater. Struct. 32 (1999) [13] Germann Instruments, Profle Grnder PF-1100 Manual, Germann Instruments A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark, (1996). [14] Sandberg, P., Tang, L. and Andersen, A., Recurrent studes of chlorde ngress n uncracked marne concrete at varous exposure tmes and elevatons, Cement and Concrete Research 28 (1998) [15] GjØrv, O. L. and Vennesland,., Dffuson of chlorde ons from seawater nto concrete, Cement and Concrete Research 9 (1979) [16] Castellote, M., Andrade, C. and Alonso, C., Chlorde-bndng sotherms n concrete submtted to non-steady-state mgraton experments, Cement and Concrete Research 29 (1999) [17] RILEM TC-178 TMC, Objectves of the TC, [18] Vennesland,., Report on Samplng for obtanng chlorde profles, Thrd Meetng of RILEM TC-178 TMC, Graz, Austra, May (1999). [19] Kropp, J., Chlordes n concrete, n Performance Crtera for Concrete Durablty, (RILEM Report 12, E. and F.N. Spon, London, U.K., 1995). [20] Crank, J., The Mathematcs of Dffuson, Second Ed. (Oxford Scence Publcatons, Oxford, U.K., 1983). 154

Evaluation of a Center Pivot Variable Rate Irrigation System

Evaluation of a Center Pivot Variable Rate Irrigation System Evaluaton of a Center Pvot Varable Rate Irrgaton System Ruxu Su Danel K. Fsher USDA-ARS Crop Producton Systems Research Unt, Stonevlle, Msssspp Abstrat: Unformty of water dstrbuton of a varable rate center

More information

Mechanical Engineering Journal

Mechanical Engineering Journal 56789 Bulletn of the JSME Mechancal Engneerng Journal Vol., o., 6 Measurement of three-dmensonal orentaton of golf club head wth one camera Wataru KIMIZUKA* and Masahde OUKI* * DULOP SPORTS CO. LTD. Waknohama-cho

More information

Reduced drift, high accuracy stable carbon isotope ratio measurements using a reference gas with the Picarro 13 CO 2 G2101-i gas analyzer

Reduced drift, high accuracy stable carbon isotope ratio measurements using a reference gas with the Picarro 13 CO 2 G2101-i gas analyzer Reduced drft, hgh accuracy stable carbon sotope rato measurements usng a reference gas wth the Pcarro 13 CO 2 G2101- gas analyzer Chrs Rella, Ph.D. Drector of Research & Development Pcarro, Inc., Sunnyvale,

More information

OPTIMIZATION OF PRESSURE HULLS OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS

OPTIMIZATION OF PRESSURE HULLS OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS OPTIMIZATION OF PRESSURE HULLS OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS J.Franco a, A.Corz a*.a.peña b a Materal Composte Group. Unversdad de Cadz. Avda/Ramon Puyol s/n. 11205 Algecras (Span) *alcorz@caltech.es b Calpe

More information

Dynamic Analysis of the Discharge Valve of the Rotary Compressor

Dynamic Analysis of the Discharge Valve of the Rotary Compressor Purdue Unversty Purdue e-pubs Internatonal Compressor Engneerng Conference School of Mechancal Engneerng 8 Dynamc Analyss of the Dscharge Valve of the Rotary Compressor Bo Huang Shangha Htach Electrcal

More information

GAS-LIQUID INTERFACIAL AREA IN OXYGEN ABSORPTION INTO OIL-IN-WATER EMULSIONS

GAS-LIQUID INTERFACIAL AREA IN OXYGEN ABSORPTION INTO OIL-IN-WATER EMULSIONS AS-LIQUID INTERFACIAL AREA IN OXYEN ABSORPTION INTO OIL-IN-WATER EMULSIONS ómez-díaz, D. a, omes, N. b, Texera, J.A. b, Belo, I. b a Department of Chemcal Engneerng, Unversty of Santago de Compostela,

More information

M.H.Ahn, K.J.Lee Korea Advance Institute of Science and Technology 335 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon , Republic of Korea

M.H.Ahn, K.J.Lee Korea Advance Institute of Science and Technology 335 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon , Republic of Korea The Methodology on Exposure Dose Evaluaton Modelng Related to Arbtrary Accdent n the Temporary Storage Faclty for Low and Intermedate Level Waste - 9133 M.H.Ahn, K.J.Lee Korea Advance Insttute of Scence

More information

High Speed 128-bit BCD Adder Architecture Using CLA

High Speed 128-bit BCD Adder Architecture Using CLA Hgh Speed 128-bt BCD Archtecture Usng CLA J.S.V.Sa Prasanth 1, Y.Yamn Dev 2 PG Student [VLSI&ES], Dept. of ECE, Swamy Vvekananda Engneerng College, Kalavara, Andhrapradesh, Inda 1 Assstant Professor, Dept.

More information

Risk analysis of natural gas pipeline

Risk analysis of natural gas pipeline Rsk analyss of natural gas ppelne Y.-D. Jo 1, K.-S. Park 1, J. W. Ko, & B. J. Ahn 3 1 Insttute of Gas Safety Technology, Korea Gas Safety Corporaton, South Korea Department of Chemcal Engneerng, Kwangwoon

More information

Mass Spectrometry. Fundamental GC-MS. GC-MS Interfaces

Mass Spectrometry. Fundamental GC-MS. GC-MS Interfaces Mass Spectrometry Fundamental GC-MS GC-MS Interfaces Wherever you see ths symbol, t s mportant to access the on-lne course as there s nteractve materal that cannot be fully shown n ths reference manual.

More information

First digit of chosen number Frequency (f i ) Total 100

First digit of chosen number Frequency (f i ) Total 100 1 4. ANALYSING FREQUENCY TABLES Categorcal (nomnal) data are usually summarzed n requency tables. Contnuous numercal data may also be grouped nto ntervals and the requency o observatons n each nterval

More information

A Study on Parametric Wave Estimation Based on Measured Ship Motions

A Study on Parametric Wave Estimation Based on Measured Ship Motions 1 A Study on Parametrc Wave Estmaton Based on Measured Shp Motons Ulrk Dam NIELSEN * and Tosho ISEKI ** Abstract The paper studes parametrc wave estmaton based on the wave buoy analogy, and data and results

More information

Engineering Analysis of Implementing Pedestrian Scramble Crossing at Traffic Junctions in Singapore

Engineering Analysis of Implementing Pedestrian Scramble Crossing at Traffic Junctions in Singapore Engneerng Analyss of Implementng Pedestran Scramble Crossng at Traffc Junctons n Sngapore Dr. Lm Wee Chuan Eldn Department of Chemcal & Bomolecular Engneerng, Natonal Unversty of Sngapore, 4 Engneerng

More information

Study on coastal bridge under the action of extreme wave

Study on coastal bridge under the action of extreme wave Study on coastal brdge under the acton of extreme wave Bo Huang Bng Zhu Jawe Zhang School of Cvl Engneerng, Southwest Jaotong Unversty, Chengdu 610031, Chna Abstract In order to research the catastrophc

More information

Stability Analysis for the Design of 5000-Tonnes Offshore Work Barge

Stability Analysis for the Design of 5000-Tonnes Offshore Work Barge Internatonal Journal of Engneerng and echnology Volume No. 9, September, Stablty Analyss for the Desgn of 5-onnes Offshore Work arge Ntonye Samson a, Ezenwa Ogbonnaya b, uve Ejabefo a a Department of arne

More information

Peak Field Approximation of Shock Wave Overpressure Based on Sparse Data

Peak Field Approximation of Shock Wave Overpressure Based on Sparse Data Peak Feld Approxmaton of Shock Wave Overpressure Based on Sparse Data Yongl Zhang, Taln Han, Yuqun Chen, Enku Zhang, and Xuan Lu Abstract To obtan the shock wave feld dstrbuton, two knds of calber weapons

More information

Degassing of deep groundwater in fractured rock

Degassing of deep groundwater in fractured rock WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH, VOL. 36, NO. 9, PAGES 2477-2492, SEPTEMBER 2000 Degassng of deep groundwater n fractured rock around boreholes and drfts Jerker Jarsj6 and Georga Destoun Dvson of Water Resources

More information

SECOND-ORDER CREST STATISTICS OF REALISTIC SEA STATES

SECOND-ORDER CREST STATISTICS OF REALISTIC SEA STATES SECOND-ORDER CREST STATISTICS OF REALISTIC SEA STATES MARIOS CHRISTOU Shell Internatonal Exploraton and Producton, 2288 GS Rjswjk, The Netherlands. E-mal: maros.chrstou@shell.com PETER TROMANS Ocean Wave

More information

Development of Accident Modification Factors for Rural Frontage Road Segments in Texas

Development of Accident Modification Factors for Rural Frontage Road Segments in Texas Development of Accdent Modfcaton Factors for Rural Frontage Road Segments n Texas Domnque Lord* Zachry Department of Cvl Engneerng & Center for Transportaton Safety Texas Transportaton Insttute Texas A&M

More information

A comparison study on the deck house shape of high speed planing crafts for air resistance reduction

A comparison study on the deck house shape of high speed planing crafts for air resistance reduction csnak, 2014 Int. J. Nav. Archt. Ocean Eng. (2014) 6:867~875 http://dx.do.org/10.2478/ijnaoe-2013-0218 pissn: 2092-6782, eissn: 2092-6790 A comparson study on the deck house shape of hgh speed planng crafts

More information

Terminating Head

Terminating Head Termnatng Head 58246-1 Instructon Sheet for MTA- 100 Receptacle Connectors 408-6929 Usng Dscrete Wre 07 APR 11 Locatng Pawl Feed Slde Tool Base Wre Inserter Adjuster (Inserton Rod) Mass Termnaton Assembly

More information

1.1 Noise maps: initial situations. Rating environmental noise on the basis of noise maps. Written by Henk M.E. Miedema TNO Hieronymus C.

1.1 Noise maps: initial situations. Rating environmental noise on the basis of noise maps. Written by Henk M.E. Miedema TNO Hieronymus C. TIP4-CT-2005-516420 Page 1 of 34 DELIVERABLE D 1.5 CONTRACT N PROJECT N ACRONYM TITLE TIP4-CT-2005-516420 FP6-516420 QCITY Quet Cty Transport Subproject 1 Nose mappng & modellng Work Package 1.1 Nose maps:

More information

Internal Wave Maker for Navier-Stokes Equations in a Three-Dimensional Numerical Model

Internal Wave Maker for Navier-Stokes Equations in a Three-Dimensional Numerical Model Journal of Coastal Research SI 64 511-515 ICS2011 (Proceedngs) Poland ISSN 0749-0208 Internal Wave Maker for Naver-Stokes Equatons n a Three-Dmensonal Numercal Model T. Ha, J.W. Lee and Y.-S. Cho Dept.

More information

Ergonomics Design on Bottom Curve Shape of Shoe-Last Based on Experimental Contacting Pressure Data

Ergonomics Design on Bottom Curve Shape of Shoe-Last Based on Experimental Contacting Pressure Data Ergonomcs Desgn on Bottom Curve Shape of Shoe-Last Based on Expermental Contactng Pressure Data 1 L Zaran, 2 Sh Ka *1Correspondng Author Wenzhou Vocatonal and Techncal College, lzr_101@sna.com 2 Wenzhou

More information

ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR ISU SYNCHRONIZED SKATING TECHNICAL CONTROLLERS AND TECHNICAL SPECIALISTS

ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR ISU SYNCHRONIZED SKATING TECHNICAL CONTROLLERS AND TECHNICAL SPECIALISTS A ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR ISU SYNCHRONIZED SKATING TECHNICAL CONTROLLERS AND TECHNICAL SPECIALISTS DIFFICULTY GROUPS OF FEATURES 1 DEFINITIONS: Change of Rotaton: Refers to TURNS or LINKING STEPS rotatng

More information

English Premier League (EPL) Soccer Matches Prediction using An Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) for

English Premier League (EPL) Soccer Matches Prediction using An Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) for Englsh Premer League (EPL) Soccer Matches Predcton usng An Adaptve Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) for Amadn, F. I 1 and Ob, J.C. 2 Department of Computer Scence, Unversty of Benn, Benn Cty. Ngera.

More information

Availability assessment of a raw gas re-injection plant for the production of oil and gas. Carlo Michelassi, Giacomo Monaci

Availability assessment of a raw gas re-injection plant for the production of oil and gas. Carlo Michelassi, Giacomo Monaci 16 th IMEKO TC4 Symposum Explorng New Fronters of Instrumentaton and Methods for Electrcal and Electronc Measurements Avalablty assessment of a raw gas re-njecton plant for the producton of ol and gas

More information

The impact of foreign players on international football performance

The impact of foreign players on international football performance MPRA Munch Personal RePEc Archve The mpact of foregn players on nternatonal football performance Orhan Karaca Ekonomst Magazne, Research Department October 008 Onlne at http://mpra.ub.un-muenchen.de/11064/

More information

Experimental And Numerical Investigation Of The Flow Analysis Of The Water-Saving Safety Valve

Experimental And Numerical Investigation Of The Flow Analysis Of The Water-Saving Safety Valve Expermental And Numercal Investgaton Of The Flow Analyss Of The Water-Savng Safety Valve Muhammed Safa KAMER s PhD Student n Department of Mechancal Engneerng n Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Unversty, Turkey.

More information

PERFORMANCE AND COMPENSATION ON THE EUROPEAN PGA TOUR: A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

PERFORMANCE AND COMPENSATION ON THE EUROPEAN PGA TOUR: A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS PERFORMANCE AND COMPENSATION ON THE EUROPEAN PGA TOUR: A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS C. Barry Pftzner and Chrs Spence, Department of Economcs/Busness, Randolph-Macon College, Ashland, VA, bpftzne@rmc.edu, cspence@rmc.edu

More information

Equilibrium or Simple Rule at Wimbledon? An Empirical Study

Equilibrium or Simple Rule at Wimbledon? An Empirical Study Equlbrum or Smple Rule at Wmbledon? An Emprcal Study Shh-Hsun Hsu, Chen-Yng Huang and Cheng-Tao Tang Revson: March 2004 Abstract We follow Walker and Wooders (200) emprcal analyss to collect and study

More information

PREDICTIONS OF CIRCULATING CURRENT FIELD AROUND A SUBMERGED BREAKWATER INDUCED BY BREAKING WAVES AND SURFACE ROLLERS. Yoshimitsu Tajima 1

PREDICTIONS OF CIRCULATING CURRENT FIELD AROUND A SUBMERGED BREAKWATER INDUCED BY BREAKING WAVES AND SURFACE ROLLERS. Yoshimitsu Tajima 1 PREDICTIONS O CIRCULATING CURRENT IELD AROUND A SUBMERGED BREAKWATER INDUCED BY BREAKING WAVES AND SURACE ROLLERS Yoshmtsu Tama 1 Ths paper develops a quas-three-dmensonal nearshore current model whch

More information

Coastal Engineering Technical Note

Coastal Engineering Technical Note Coastal Engneerng Techncal Note CETN V-10 Even-Odd Functon Analyss of Shorelne Poston and Volume Change by Jule Dean RoSllt and Nchollls C. Kraus Purpose: To present the background and methodology for

More information

Analysis of Hold Time Models for Total Flooding Clean Extinguishing Agents

Analysis of Hold Time Models for Total Flooding Clean Extinguishing Agents Analyss of old Tme Models for Total Floodng Clean Extngushng Agents Todd M. etrck, Al S. Rangwala Department of Fre Protecton Engneerng Worcester Polytechnc Insttute Worcester, MA 69-8 Abstract Ths study

More information

Evolutionary Sets of Safe Ship Trajectories: Evaluation of Individuals

Evolutionary Sets of Safe Ship Trajectories: Evaluation of Individuals Internatonal Journal on Marne Navgaton and Safety of Sea Transportaton Volume 6 Number 3 September 2012 Evolutonary Sets of Safe Shp Trajectores: Evaluaton of Indvduals R. Szlapczynsk Gdansk Unversty of

More information

Proceedings of the ASME nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering OMAE2013 June 9-14, 2013, Nantes, France

Proceedings of the ASME nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering OMAE2013 June 9-14, 2013, Nantes, France Proceedngs of the ASME nd Internatonal Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctc Engneerng OMAE June 9-,, Nantes, France OMAE-6 ROLL DAMPING COEFFICIENTS ASSESSMENT AND COMPARISON FOR ROUND BILGE AND HARD

More information

A PROBABILITY BASED APPROACH FOR THE ALLOCATION OF PLAYER DRAFT SELECTIONS IN AUSTRALIAN RULES

A PROBABILITY BASED APPROACH FOR THE ALLOCATION OF PLAYER DRAFT SELECTIONS IN AUSTRALIAN RULES Journal of Sports Scence and Medcne (2006) 5, 509-516 http://www.jssm.org Research artcle The 8th Australasan Conference on Mathematcs and Computers n Sport, 3-5 July 2006, Queensland, Australa A PROBABILITY

More information

Evaluation of Wettability of Solid Surface with Oil/ Refrigerant Mixture

Evaluation of Wettability of Solid Surface with Oil/ Refrigerant Mixture Purdue Unversty Purdue e-pubs Internatonal Compressor Engneerng Conference School of Mechancal Engneerng 16 Evaluaton of Wettablty of Sold Surface wth Ol/ Refrgerant Mxture Mtsuhro Fukuta Shzuoka Unversty,

More information

Decomposition guide Technical report on decomposition

Decomposition guide Technical report on decomposition June 2013 Decomposton gude Techncal report on decomposton Erasmus MC Start date of project: 20 Aprl 2012 Duraton: 36 months 1 Table of contents Abstract... 4 Acknowledgements... 5 Introducton... 6 Part

More information

A Prediction of Reliability of Suction Valve in Reciprocating Compressor

A Prediction of Reliability of Suction Valve in Reciprocating Compressor Purdue Unversty Purdue e-pubs nternatonal Compressor Engneerng Conference School of Mechancal Engneerng 1996 A Predcton of Relablty of Sucton Valve n Recprocatng Compressor W. H. You Samsung Electroncs

More information

PORTES COULISSANTES SLIDING DOORS

PORTES COULISSANTES SLIDING DOORS 05 55 56 51 05 54 51 50 05 53 55 50 05 51 58 50 FICHES technques sur 05 55 56 51 05 54 51 50 05 53 55 50 05 51 59 50 PORTES COULISSANTES strong Le système Strong convent partculèrement aux portes relatvement

More information

Comparisons of Means for Estimating Sea States from an Advancing Large Container Ship

Comparisons of Means for Estimating Sea States from an Advancing Large Container Ship Downloaded from orbt.dtu.dk on: Jan 31, 18 Comparsons of Means for Estmatng Sea States from an Advancng Large Contaner Shp Nelsen, Ulrk Dam; Andersen, Ingrd Mare Vncent; Konng, Jos Publshed n: Proceedngs

More information

Planning of production and utility systems under unit performance degradation and alternative resource-constrained cleaning policies

Planning of production and utility systems under unit performance degradation and alternative resource-constrained cleaning policies 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 Plannng of producton and utlty systems under unt performance degradaton

More information

Aalborg Universitet. Published in: 9th ewtec Publication date: Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record

Aalborg Universitet. Published in: 9th ewtec Publication date: Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Aalborg Unverstet Predctablty of the Power Output of Three Wave Energy Technologes n the Dansh orth Sea Chozas, Jula Fernandez; Jensen,. E. Helstrup; Sørensen, H. C.; Kofoed, Jens Peter; Kabuth, Alna Krstn

More information

Spherical solutions of an underwater explosion bubble

Spherical solutions of an underwater explosion bubble 89 Sphercal solutons of an underwater exploson bubble Andrew B. Wardlaw, Jr. Naval Surface Warfare Center, Code 423, Indan Head Dvson, Indan Head, MD 20640-5035, USA E-mal: 423@uwtech.h.navy.ml Hans U.

More information

ENERGY SAVING IN THE HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT FOR AGRICULTURAL TRACTORS: FOCUS ON THE POWER SUPPLY GROUP.

ENERGY SAVING IN THE HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT FOR AGRICULTURAL TRACTORS: FOCUS ON THE POWER SUPPLY GROUP. ENERGY SAVING IN THE HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT OR AGRICULTURAL TRACTORS: OCUS ON THE POWER SUPPLY GROUP. Massmo Borgh, Barbara Zardn, rancesco Pntore, Engneerng Department Enzo errar, Unversty of Modena and Reggo

More information

Mass Transfer of CO 2 into Water and Surfactant Solutions

Mass Transfer of CO 2 into Water and Surfactant Solutions Mass Transfer of CO 2 nto Water and Surfactant Solutons Rouhollah Farajzadeh, Al Barat, Harm A. Dell, Johannes Brunng, Pacell L.J. Ztha Delft Unversty of Technology, Department of Geotechnology, Mjnbouwstraat

More information

SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE CO-ORDINATION DIAPHRAGMATIC AND RIB MOVEMENT IN RESPIRATION

SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE CO-ORDINATION DIAPHRAGMATIC AND RIB MOVEMENT IN RESPIRATION Thorax (199),, 65. SOME OBSERVATONS ON THE CO-ORDNATON DAPHRAGMATC AND RB MOVEMENT N RESPRATON BY HERBERT HERXHEMER Surgcal Unt, Unversty College Hosptal, London Daphragm and ntercostal muscles together

More information

GUIDANCE ON PRODUCT EMISSIONS BY LABORATORY TESTING THE EPHECT EXPERIENCE

GUIDANCE ON PRODUCT EMISSIONS BY LABORATORY TESTING THE EPHECT EXPERIENCE GUIDANCE ON PRODUCT EMISSIONS BY LABORATORY TESTING THE EPHECT EXPERIENCE John Bartzs, Evangelos Tols, George Efthmou (UOWM) Peder Wolkoff (NRCWE) Maranne Stranger, Frederck Maes, Eddy Goelen (VITO) Gabrela

More information

Comparative Deterministic and Probabilistic Analysis of Two Unsaturated Soil Slope Models after Rainfall Infiltration

Comparative Deterministic and Probabilistic Analysis of Two Unsaturated Soil Slope Models after Rainfall Infiltration Jordan Journal of Cvl Engneerng, Volume 11, No. 1, 2017 Comparatve Determnstc and Probablstc Analyss of Two Unsaturated Sol Slope Models after Ranfall Infltraton Manoj Kr. Sahs 1) and Partha Pratm Bswas

More information

Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2014, 6(5): Research Article

Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2014, 6(5): Research Article Avalable onlne www.jocpr.com Journal of Chemcal and Pharmaceutcal Research, 204, 6(5): 520-526 Research Artcle ISS : 0975-7384 CODE(USA) : JCPRC5 Dgtal Electrcal Resstance Tomography System and ts Expermental

More information

A Climbing Robot based on Under Pressure Adhesion for the Inspection of Concrete Walls

A Climbing Robot based on Under Pressure Adhesion for the Inspection of Concrete Walls A Clmbng Robot based on Under Pressure Adheson for the Inspecton of Concrete Walls K. Berns, C. Hllenbrand, Robotcs Research Lab, Department of Computer Scence, Techncal Unversty of Kaserslautern P.O.

More information

PREDICTION OF POLYDISPERSE STEAM BUBBLE CONDENSATION IN SUB-COOLED WATER USING THE INHOMOGENEOUS MUSIG MODEL

PREDICTION OF POLYDISPERSE STEAM BUBBLE CONDENSATION IN SUB-COOLED WATER USING THE INHOMOGENEOUS MUSIG MODEL PREDICTION OF POLYDISPERSE STEAM BUBBLE CONDENSATION IN SUB-COOLED WATER USING THE INHOMOGENEOUS MUSIG MODEL C. Lfante *, T. Frank *, A.D. Burns, D. Lucas and E. Krepper * ANSYS Germany GmbH, Staudenfeldweg

More information

Fully encapsulated. Reliable. Precise. DPZ-plus Sealed Gripper

Fully encapsulated. Reliable. Precise. DPZ-plus Sealed Gripper DPZ-plus Fully encapsulated. Relable. Precse. DPZ-plus Sealed Grpper Despte the hgh moment load of the base jaws, ths sealed 3-fnger centrc grpper satsfes the requrements of IP67 and does not permt any

More information

RADIAL STIFFNESS OF A BICYCLE WHEEL AN ANALYTICAL STUDY

RADIAL STIFFNESS OF A BICYCLE WHEEL AN ANALYTICAL STUDY ADIAL TIFFE OF A BICYCLE WHEEL - A AALYTICAL TUDY José aría ínguez Dpto. de Físca Aplcada II Facultad de Cenca y Tecnología Unversdad del País Vasco Aptdo. 644 488 Blbao PAI Emal: osemara.mnguez@ehu.es

More information

Effect of gas properties on the characteristics of a bubble column equipped with fine porous sparger.

Effect of gas properties on the characteristics of a bubble column equipped with fine porous sparger. ICFM-16-9 th Internatonal Conference on Multphase Flow May nd -7 th, 16, Frenze, Italy Effect of gas propertes on the characterstcs of a bubble column equpped wth fne porous sparger. Aradn P. Chatzdafn,

More information

Report No. FHWA/LA.13/508. University of Louisiana at Lafayette. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering

Report No. FHWA/LA.13/508. University of Louisiana at Lafayette. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering TECHNICAL REPORT STANDARD PAGE Report No. FHWA/LA.13/508 4. Ttle and Subttle A Comprehensve Study on Pavement Edge Lne Implementaton 7. Author(s) Xaoduan Sun, Ph.D., P.E. Subassh Das 9. Performng Organzaton

More information

Journal of Environmental Management

Journal of Environmental Management Journal of Envronmental Management 90 (2009) 3057 3069 Contents lsts avalable at ScenceDrect Journal of Envronmental Management journal homepage: www.elsever.com/locate/jenvman Sustanable value assessment

More information

Aalborg Universitet. CLIMA proceedings of the 12th REHVA World Congress Heiselberg, Per Kvols. Publication date: 2016

Aalborg Universitet. CLIMA proceedings of the 12th REHVA World Congress Heiselberg, Per Kvols. Publication date: 2016 Aalborg Unverstet CLIMA 2016 - proceedngs of the 12th REHVA World Congress Heselberg, Per Kvols Publcaton date: 2016 Document Verson Publsher's PDF, also known as Verson of record Lnk to publcaton from

More information

Numerical Simulation on a Gas Distributor Used In Slurry Column Reactor Yating CAI

Numerical Simulation on a Gas Distributor Used In Slurry Column Reactor Yating CAI 2nd Internatonal Conference on Electrcal, Computer Engneerng and Electroncs (ICECEE 2015) Numercal Smulaton on a Gas Dstrbutor Used In Slurry Column Reactor Yatng CAI College of Chemcal Engneerng, Bejng

More information

The effects of extra vehicular activity (EVA) gloves on human performance

The effects of extra vehicular activity (EVA) gloves on human performance Unversty of Nebraska - Lncoln DgtalCommo@Unversty of Nebraska - Lncoln Industral and Management Systems Engneerng Faculty Publcato Industral and Management Systems Engneerng 1995 The effects of extra vehcular

More information

Cross-shore Structure of Longshore Currents during Duck94

Cross-shore Structure of Longshore Currents during Duck94 CHAPTER 283 Cross-shore Structure of Longshore Currents durng Duck94 Falk Feddersen 1, R.T. Guza 2, Steve Elgar 3, and T.H.C Herbers 4 Abstract The cross-shore structure of the mean longshore current on

More information

Modeling the Performance of a Baseball Player's Offensive Production

Modeling the Performance of a Baseball Player's Offensive Production Brgham Young Unversty BYU ScholarsArchve All Theses and Dssertatons 006-03-09 Modelng the Performance of a Baseball Player's Offensve Producton Mchael Ross Smth Brgham Young Unversty - Provo Follow ths

More information

Seabed type clustering using single-beam echo sounder time series data

Seabed type clustering using single-beam echo sounder time series data SELECTED TOPICS n POWER SYSTEMS and REMOTE SENSING Seabed type clusterng usng sngle-beam echo sounder tme seres data PETER HUNG, SEÁN MCLOONE Department of Electronc Engneerng, StratAG Natonal Unversty

More information

Comprehensive evaluation research of volleyball players athletic ability based on Fuzzy mathematical model

Comprehensive evaluation research of volleyball players athletic ability based on Fuzzy mathematical model ISSN : 0974-7435 Volume 10 Issue 3 Comprehensve evaluaton research of volleyball players athletc ablty based on Fuzzy mathematcal model Shangbn L, Peyu Zhao, Yngshuang Lu, Lxn Wu* Physcal Educaton Department,

More information

A NEW METHOD FOR IMPROVING SCATTEROMETER WIND QUALITY CONTROL

A NEW METHOD FOR IMPROVING SCATTEROMETER WIND QUALITY CONTROL A NEW METHOD FOR IMPROVING SCATTEROMETER WIND QUALITY CONTROL M. Portabella (, A. Stoffelen (, A. Verhoef (, J. Verspeek ( ( Undad de Tecnología Marna CSIC, Pg. Marítm Barceloneta 37-9, 3 Barcelona, Span

More information

Research and Application of Work Roll Contour Technology on Thin Gauge Stainless Steel in Hot Rolling

Research and Application of Work Roll Contour Technology on Thin Gauge Stainless Steel in Hot Rolling Send Orders for Reprnts to reprnts@benthamscence.ae The Open Mechancal Engneerng Journal, 215, 9, 111-116 111 Open Access Research and Applcaton of Work Roll Contour Technology on Thn Gauge Stanless Steel

More information

Modeling Low-Pressure Injections in Diesel HCCI Engines

Modeling Low-Pressure Injections in Diesel HCCI Engines Modelng Low-Pressure Injectons n Desel HCCI Engnes Yong Sun * and Rolf D. Retz Engne Research Center, Department of Mechancal Engneerng Unversty of Wsconsn-Madson Madson, WI 5376-169 USA Abstract Homogeneous

More information

Aerator Performance in Reducing Phenomenon of Cavitation in Supercritical Flow in Steep Channel Bed

Aerator Performance in Reducing Phenomenon of Cavitation in Supercritical Flow in Steep Channel Bed Engneerng Internatonal Conference UNNES Conservaton 13 Proceedng Aerator Performance n Reducng Phenomenon of Cavtaton n Supercrtcal Flow n Steep Channel Bed Yer Sutopo 1, Bud Wgnyosukarto, Istarto, dan

More information

Aalborg Universitet. Published in: 9th ewtec Publication date: Document Version Accepted author manuscript, peer reviewed version

Aalborg Universitet. Published in: 9th ewtec Publication date: Document Version Accepted author manuscript, peer reviewed version Aalborg Unverstet Predctablty of the Power Output of Three Wave Energy Technologes n the Dansh orth Sea Chozas, Jula Fernandez; Jensen,. E. Helstrup; Sørensen, H. C.; Kofoed, Jens Peter; Kabuth, Alna Krstn

More information

Methodology for ACT WorkKeys as a Predictor of Worker Productivity

Methodology for ACT WorkKeys as a Predictor of Worker Productivity Methodology for ACT WorkKeys as a Predctor of Worker Productvty The analyss examned the predctve potental of ACT WorkKeys wth regard to two elements. The frst s tme to employment. People takng WorkKeys

More information

Hydraulic DTH Fluid Hammer Drilling as a Seismic While Drilling (SWD) Source for Geothermal Exploration and Drilling Prediction

Hydraulic DTH Fluid Hammer Drilling as a Seismic While Drilling (SWD) Source for Geothermal Exploration and Drilling Prediction Proceedngs World Geothermal Congress 2015 Melbourne, Australa, 19-25 Aprl 2015 Hydraulc DTH Flud Hammer Drllng as a Sesmc Whle Drllng (SWD) Source for Geothermal Exploraton and Drllng Predcton Poletto

More information

LSSVM Model for Penetration Depth Detection in Underwater Arc Welding Process

LSSVM Model for Penetration Depth Detection in Underwater Arc Welding Process ISS 1746-7659, England, UK Journal of Informaton and Computng Scence Vol. 5, o. 4, 2010, pp. 271-278 LSSVM Model for Penetraton Depth Detecton n Underwater Arc Weldng Process WeMn Zhang 1, 2, GuoRong Wang

More information

Numerical Study of Occupants Evacuation from a Room for Requirements in Codes

Numerical Study of Occupants Evacuation from a Room for Requirements in Codes Numercal Study of Occupants Evacuaton from a Room for Requrements n Codes HL MU JH SUN Unversty of Scence and Technology of Chna State Key Laboratory of Fre Scence Hefe 2300326, CHINA muhl@mal.ustc.edu.cn

More information

Numerical Analysis of Rapid Gas Decompression in Pure Nitrogen using 1D and 3D Transient Mathematical Models of Gas Flow in Pipes

Numerical Analysis of Rapid Gas Decompression in Pure Nitrogen using 1D and 3D Transient Mathematical Models of Gas Flow in Pipes Internatonal Journal of Chemcal and Bologcal Engneerng 6 01 Numercal Analyss of Rapd as Decompresson n Pure Ntrogen usng 1D and 3D Transent Mathematcal Models of as Flow n Ppes Evgeny Burlutsky Abstract

More information

RCBC Newsletter. August Richmond County Baseball Club. Inside this issue: 2016 College Showcase Camp. Tournament Update.

RCBC Newsletter. August Richmond County Baseball Club. Inside this issue: 2016 College Showcase Camp. Tournament Update. August 2016 Rchmond County Baseball Club 1400 Travs Ave. Staten Island, NY 10314 RCBC Newsletter If you have any nterestng nfo or news you would lke ncluded n a future newsletter, please emal to jm@rcbclub.com.

More information

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. Seasonal and Spatial Patterns of Growth of Rainbow Trout in the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, AZ

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. Seasonal and Spatial Patterns of Growth of Rainbow Trout in the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, AZ Seasonal and Spatal Patterns of Growth of Ranbow Trout n the Colorado Rver n Grand Canyon, AZ Journal: Manuscrpt ID cjfas-15-2.r1 Manuscrpt Type: Artcle Date Submtted by the Author: 23-Jun-15 Complete

More information

Product Information. Universal gripper PZN-plus

Product Information. Universal gripper PZN-plus Product Informaton Unversal grpper PZN-plus PZN-plus Unversal grpper Relable. Robust. Flexble. PZN-plus unversal grpper Unversal 3-Fnger Centrc Grpper wth hgh grppng force and maxmum moments due to mult-tooth

More information

Predicting Wave Transformation during Extreme Weather Conditions

Predicting Wave Transformation during Extreme Weather Conditions Predctng Wave Transformaton durng Extreme Weather Condtons Josephus LOPEZ 1, Karlo Marko NARIO 1, Patrck Joshua ROMARES 1, Maro DE LEON, Ryuchro NISHI 3, Hosotan KAZUNORI 4 1 Bachelor of Scence n Cvl Engneerng

More information

Keywords: Ordered regression model; Risk perception; Collision risk; Port navigation safety; Automatic Radar Plotting Aid; Harbor pilot.

Keywords: Ordered regression model; Risk perception; Collision risk; Port navigation safety; Automatic Radar Plotting Aid; Harbor pilot. Modelng perceved collson rsk n port water navgaton Hoong Chor Chn Assocate Professor, Department of Cvl Engneerng, Natonal Unversty of Sngapore, Engneerng Drve, EA #07-03, Sngapore 7576 Emal: cvechc@nus.edu.sg

More information

'!' CORDOVA BRANDON GREEN

'!' CORDOVA BRANDON GREEN STERLNG HWY FOREST SERVCE- REGON TEN CHUGACH NATONAL FOREST CORDOVA RANGER DSTRCT PLANS FOR PROPOSED CONSTRUCTON SAND ROAD TRAL PARKNG AREA LEGAL DESCRPTON T. 16 S., R. 2 W., COPPER RVER MERDAN SHEET NDEX

More information

Gripping force, O.D. gripping. MPZ 20 / 4 bar MPZ 20 / 6 bar. MPZ 20-AS / 4 bar MPZ 20-AS / 6 bar. Gripping force, I.D. gripping

Gripping force, O.D. gripping. MPZ 20 / 4 bar MPZ 20 / 6 bar. MPZ 20-AS / 4 bar MPZ 20-AS / 6 bar. Gripping force, I.D. gripping SCHUNK Grppers pneumatc 3-Fnger Centrc Grppers Small Components Grpper Grppng force, O.D. grppng Fnger load Grppng force 50 MPZ 20 / 4 bar MPZ 20 / 6 bar MPZ 20-AS / 4 bar MPZ 20-AS / 6 bar 40 30 20 10

More information

Summary and Cruise Statistics 8

Summary and Cruise Statistics 8 Suary and Cruse Statstcs 8 July 1, 014 8-1 Cruse Colaton Manual Mnstry of Forests, Lands and NRO 8.1 Plot Suary Reort Overvew The Plot Suary reorts nuber of stes, daeter, and erchantable volue nforaton

More information

International Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol. 8, No. 5, October Model Systems. Yang Jianjun and Li Wenjin

International Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol. 8, No. 5, October Model Systems. Yang Jianjun and Li Wenjin Internatonal Journal of Engneerng and Technology, Vol. 8, No. 5, October 2016 1 Relablty Optmzaton Desgn of Submarne Free-Runnng Model Systems Yang Janjun and L Wenjn Abstract Wth regard to the relablty

More information

No TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO.

No TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO. r)( /6 / 2 TRNDAD AND TOBAGO. General Loan and nscrbed Stock. No. 25.-1912. 6th May. AN ORDNANCE to declare the terms and condtons applcable to Loans authorsed to be rased by the Government of Trndad and

More information

Nonlinear Risk Optimization Approach to Gas Lift Allocation Optimization

Nonlinear Risk Optimization Approach to Gas Lift Allocation Optimization pubs.acs.org/iecr Nonlnear Rsk Optmzaton Approach to Gas Lft Allocaton Optmzaton Mahd Khshvand and Ehsan Khamehch* Faculty of Petroleum Engneerng, Amrkabr Unversty of Technology, Tehran, Iran ABSTRACT:

More information

Product Information. Radial gripper PRG 52

Product Information. Radial gripper PRG 52 Product Informaton PRG More flexble More powerful. Slm. PRG unversal grpper 180 radal grpper wth powerful 1-shft slotted lnk gear and oval pston. Feld of applcaton For areas of applcaton whch, n addton

More information

Product Information. Universal gripper PZN-plus 40

Product Information. Universal gripper PZN-plus 40 Product Informaton PZN-plus 40 PZN-plus Relable. Robust. Flexble. PZN-plus unversal grpper Unversal 3-Fnger Centrc Grpper wth hgh grppng force and maxmum moments due to mult-tooth gudance Feld of applcaton

More information

Sports Injuries in School Gaelic Football: A Study Over One Season

Sports Injuries in School Gaelic Football: A Study Over One Season Sports njures n School Gaelc Football: A Study Over One Season A. W. S. Watson Sports njures Research Centre, Unversty of Lmerck, Lmerck, reland. Abstract School football njures were studed over the seven

More information

Muscle drain versus brain gain in association football: technology transfer through

Muscle drain versus brain gain in association football: technology transfer through Muscle dran versus bran gan n assocaton football: technology transfer through player emgraton and manager mmgraton G. J. Allan a * and J. Moffat b a Correspondng Author: Department of Economcs, Sr Wllam

More information

CFD Simulation of R134a and R410A Two-Phase Flow in the Vertical Header of Microchannel Heat Exchanger

CFD Simulation of R134a and R410A Two-Phase Flow in the Vertical Header of Microchannel Heat Exchanger Purdue Unversty Purdue e-pubs Internatonal Refrgeraton and Ar Condtonng Conference School of Mechancal Engneerng 2016 CFD Smulaton of R134a and R410A Two-Phase Flow n the Vertcal Header of Mcrochannel

More information

OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE IN U.S. CORPORATIONS. Mohammad Rahnamaei. A Thesis. in the. John Molson School of Business

OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE IN U.S. CORPORATIONS. Mohammad Rahnamaei. A Thesis. in the. John Molson School of Business OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE IN U.S. CORPORATIONS Mohammad Rahnamae A Thess n the John Molson School of Busness Presented n Partal Fulfllment of the Requrements For the Degree of Master of Scence (Busness Admnstraton)

More information

2017 GIRLS DISTRICT-SPECIFIC PLAYER DEVELOPMENT GUIDE

2017 GIRLS DISTRICT-SPECIFIC PLAYER DEVELOPMENT GUIDE 2017 GIRLS DISTRICT-SPECIFIC PLAYER DEVELOPMENT GUIDE GENERAL OVERVIEW USA Hockey Grls Player Development Dstrct-Specfc Gude The USA Hockey Grls Player Development Dstrct-Specfc Gude outlnes the 2017 grls

More information

Price Determinants of Show Quality Quarter Horses. Mykel R. Taylor. Kevin C. Dhuyvetter. Terry L. Kastens. Megan Douthit. and. Thomas L.

Price Determinants of Show Quality Quarter Horses. Mykel R. Taylor. Kevin C. Dhuyvetter. Terry L. Kastens. Megan Douthit. and. Thomas L. Prce Determnants of Show Qualty Quarter Horses Mykel R. Taylor Kevn C. Dhuyvetter Terry L. Kastens Megan Doutht and Thomas L. Marsh* The authors would lke to thank Professonal Aucton Servces, Inc. for

More information

This document is downloaded from DR-NTU, Nanyang Technological University Library, Singapore.

This document is downloaded from DR-NTU, Nanyang Technological University Library, Singapore. Ths document s downloaded from DR-NTU, Nanyang Technologcal Unversty Lbrary, Sngapore. Ttle capacty analyss usng smulaton Author(s) Ctaton Huang, Shell Yng; Hsu, Wen Jng; He, Yuxong; Song, Tancheng; De

More information

CS 2750 Machine Learning. Lecture 4. Density estimation. CS 2750 Machine Learning. Announcements

CS 2750 Machine Learning. Lecture 4. Density estimation. CS 2750 Machine Learning. Announcements CS 75 Machne Learnng Lecture 4 ensty estmaton Mlos Hauskrecht mlos@cs.ptt.edu 539 Sennott Square CS 75 Machne Learnng Announcements Homework ue on Wednesday before the class Reports: hand n before the

More information

Spatial Evolution of Water Surface Waves: Numerical Simulation and Experiment of Bichromatic Waves

Spatial Evolution of Water Surface Waves: Numerical Simulation and Experiment of Bichromatic Waves Proceedngs of the Eleventh (21) nternatonal Offshore and Polar Engneerng Conference Stavanger, Norway, June 17-22, 21 Copyrght 21 by The nternatonal Socety of Offshore and Polar Engneers SBN 1-88653-51-6

More information

Modelling, Design and Optimisation of a Hybrid PSA-Membrane Gas Separation Process

Modelling, Design and Optimisation of a Hybrid PSA-Membrane Gas Separation Process 17 th European Symposum on Computer-Aded Process Engneerng (ESCAPE17) (V. Plesu and P.S. Agach, Edtors) 007 Elsever B.V. All rghts reserved. 1 Modellng, Desgn and Optmsaton of a Hybrd PSA-Membrane Gas

More information

Pedestrian Facilities Planning on Tianjin New Area program

Pedestrian Facilities Planning on Tianjin New Area program Avalable onlne at www.scencedrect.com ScenceDrect Proceda - Socal and Behavoral Scenc es 96 ( 2013 ) 683 692 13th COTA Internatonal Conference of Transportaton Professonals (CICTP 2013) Pedestran Facltes

More information

Investigation on Rudder Hydrodynamics for 470 Class Yacht

Investigation on Rudder Hydrodynamics for 470 Class Yacht Proceedngs Investgaton on Rudder Hydrodynamcs for 470 Class Yacht She Ln 1,, Yong Ma, *, Wetao Zheng, Song Zhang 1,, Xaoshan Le 1, and Yangyng He 1, 1 Graduate School of Wuhan Sports Unversty, Wuhan 430079,

More information