Troubleshooting Guide. Pg. 1
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1 Troubleshooting Guide Pg. 1
2 Introduction to Automotive HVAC: Introduction to an AC System Review of AC System and components. Pg. 2
3 Troubleshooting: AC system Components AC System and its Components Receiver/ Dryer Evaporator TXV Condenser Compressor Pg. 3
4 Troubleshooting: Equipment Needed Equipment Needed Refrigerant gauge set Thermometer Multimeter Troubleshooting worksheet Pg. 4
5 Troubleshooting: Understanding the Equipment Gauge Set Pressure Saturation Temperature Understanding the Gauge The gauge tells us two important things 1: Pressure of the gas 2: Saturation temperature of the gas Pg. 5
6 Troubleshooting: Troubleshooting Worksheet AC System and its Components Understanding the Troubleshooting sheet In order to service a system, there are a few pieces of information we need. Pg. 6
7 Troubleshooting: Troubleshooting Worksheet AC System and its Components Compressor Outlet Pressure ( Discharge Pressure) Measured using the high pressure service port Pg. 7
8 Troubleshooting: Troubleshooting Worksheet AC System and its Components Compressor Outlet Temperature ( Discharge Temperature) Measured using a thermometer and the skin temperature of the metal part of the discharge line Pg. 8
9 Troubleshooting: Troubleshooting Worksheet AC System and its Components Condenser Outlet Temperature ( Condenser Discharge Temperature) Measured using a thermometer and the skin temperature of the metal part of the discharge line. Pg. 9
10 Troubleshooting: Troubleshooting Worksheet AC System and its Components Compressor inlet Pressure ( Suction Pressure) Measured using the Low pressure service port Pg. 10
11 Troubleshooting: Troubleshooting Worksheet AC System and its Components Compressor Inlet Temperature ( Suction Temperature) Measured using a thermometer and the skin temperature of the metal part of the Suction line. Pg. 11
12 Troubleshooting: Troubleshooting Worksheet AC System and its Components Condenser Subcooling Tells if the condenser is performing its job, and it liquid is going to the expansion device. Evaporator Superheat Tells us if the evaporator is doing its job and if the compressor is receiving in liquid or gas Pg. 12
13 Troubleshooting: Saturation Temperature and Pressure How to determine Saturation Temperature There are 2 ways to determine Saturation Temperature 1. Using the Gauge 2. Using a Saturation Table Pg. 13
14 Troubleshooting: Saturation Temperature and Pressure How to determine Saturation Temperature There are 2 ways to determine Saturation Temperature 1. Using the Gauge 2. Using a Saturation Table How to use the gauge to determine Saturation Temperature 1. Identify the type of gas you are working with 2. Read the measurement Results Pressure: 45PSI Saturation Temperature: 50 F Pg. 14
15 Troubleshooting: Saturation Temperature and Pressure How to determine Saturation Temperature There are 2 ways to determine Saturation Temperature 1. Using the Gauge 2. Using a Saturation Table How to use the gauge and saturation chart to determine Saturation Temperature 1. Read Pressure Results Pressure: 45PSI Pg. 15
16 Troubleshooting: Saturation Temperature and Pressure How to determine Saturation Temperature There are 2 ways to determine Saturation Temperature 1. Using the Gauge 2. Using a Saturation Table How to use the gauge and saturation chart to determine Saturation Temperature 1. Find pressure on chart and look up temperature Results Saturation Temperature: 49.6 F Pressure Gauge Temperature PSI Bar kpa Mpa F C Pg. 16
17 Troubleshooting: Saturation Temperature and Pressure Saturation Temperature Gauge Vs. Saturation Chart Gauge Saturation Chart Pros Quick reference Less material to maintain More accurate Better Results Cons Less accuracy Difficult to read when not an even number More time consuming More difficult to read Pg. 17
18 Troubleshooting: Common Issues Common Issues with AC system 1. Undercharge 2. Overcharge 3. Non - Condensable in system 4. Restricted expansion device 5. Dirty or restricted air flow over condenser 6. Restricted air flow over evaporator 7. Clutch not engaging Pg. 18
19 Troubleshooting: Undercharge Undercharge: Not enough gas in the system 1. Medium to high compressor discharge temperature I. The reason this happens is because the fluid coming into the compressor is hot. Part of the function of the suction gas is to cool the compressor. If the gas starts hotter than normal, it will also be hotter than normal when it exist. 2. High suction superheat I. The reason you will have higher superheat is because the expansion device will be starved of liquid due to the undercharging. When the expansion device is starved, it will pass both liquid and vapor and will not be able to control superheat. 3. Low condenser subcooling I. The condenser will have low subcooling because there will not be enough time for the gas to exchange heat because of the demand of the system. Also, as the compressor runs with low gas, the discharge temperatures will became hotter, this also increase the temperature of the gas existing the condenser. 4. Low suction pressure I. Suction pressure will become lower because of the demand the compressor requires. Compressor will act like a vacuum pulling the gas though the evaporator causing low suction pressures. Pg. 19
20 Troubleshooting: Overcharge Overcharge: Too much gas in the system 1. High compressor discharge temperature I. The higher discharged temperature is caused by the increase of the discharge pressure. 2. High discharge pressure I. The subcooled liquid will back up in the condenser and reduce the amount of surface area for the gas to cool. This will cause higher pressures. 3. High condenser subcooling I. Because of the backed up liquid at the bottom of the condenser, this will cause the liquid to reach high subcooling temperatures. 4. Normal superheat I. The TXV will control the superheat. There may be a slight variation during the initial opening, but it will self-correct and control the superheat. Pg. 20
21 Troubleshooting: Non-Condensable in system Non-Condensable in System: Air in system 1. High compressor discharge temperature I. The higher discharged temperature is caused by the increase of the discharge pressure. 2. High discharge pressure I. The subcooled liquid will back up in the condenser and reduce the amount of surface area for the gas to cool. This will cause higher pressures. 3. High condenser subcooling I. Because of the backed up liquid at the bottom of the condenser, this will cause the liquid to reach high subcooling temperatures. 4. Normal Superheat I. The TXV will control the superheat. There may be a slight variation during the initial opening, but it will self-correct and control the superheat. 5. Localized cooling I. The non condensable will cause localized cooling or freezing on line. Typically, near expansion device. Pg. 21
22 Troubleshooting: Restricted Expansion Device Restricted Expansion Device: Blockage in TXV 1. Low Suction Pressure I. Suction pressure will become lower because of the demand of refrigerant the compressor requires. Compressor will act like a vacuum pulling the gas though the evaporator causing low suction pressures. 2. High Superheat I. The reason you will have higher superheat is because the expansion device will be starved of liquid due to the restriction. When the expansion device is starved, it will pass both liquid and vapor and will not be able to control superheat. 3. High discharge temperatures I. Discharge temperatures will be higher because of the higher superheat. Pg. 22
23 Troubleshooting: Dirty or restricted air flow over condenser Dirty or restricted air flow over condenser: not enough heat transfer 1. High compressor discharge pressure I. Discharge pressure will be high because the area available for the transfer of heat will be much less. 2. Low condenser subcooling I. Because less area for heat transfer is available, subcooling will not be able to be reached. 3. High compressor discharge temperature I. As pressure increase so will temperature, this is due to the higher compression ratio. Pg. 23
24 Troubleshooting: Dirty or restricted air flow over evaporator Dirty or restricted air flow over evaporator: not enough heat transfer 1. Low compressor discharge pressure I. The restricted air flow on the evaporator will reduce the heat load which will cause the refrigerant to not fully vaporize. This causes lower temperature because the inlet temperature will be lower causing the condenser to cool the refrigerant to lower temperatures which result in lower pressures. 2. Low superheat I. Superheat will be lower because the heat transfer in the evaporator will be less. No heat load no superheat. 3. Cold compressor crankcase I. The suction refrigerant will still be cold because of no heat transfer. This will cause the crankcase to become cold. Pg. 24
25 Troubleshooting: Clutch not engaging 1. No voltage to coil 2. Relay switch broke 3. Clutch coil is brunt 4. Air gap too big Clutch not engaging: compressor will not turn on Pg. 25
26 Troubleshooting: Overview The table below shows a summary of the common issues with a AC system Pg. 26
27 Troubleshooting: Practice Now, lets test our knowledge Pg. 27
28 Troubleshooting: Practice Now, lets test our knowledge 1: Solve for subcooling 2: Solve for superheat Pg. 28
29 Troubleshooting: Practice Solving for Subcooling Solving for Subcooling 1: Identify items you will need to use 2: Calculate saturated Temperature Pg. 29
30 Troubleshooting: Practice Solving for Subcooling Solving for Subcooling 1: Find pressure on saturation chart 2: Go across the table and find the saturation 3: Saturation Temperature = 50.7 Pg. 30
31 Troubleshooting: Practice Solving for Subcooling Solving for Subcooling 1: Identify formula needed 2: Plug numbers into equation 3: Evaluate results High - - Normal - - Low Pg. 31
32 Troubleshooting: Practice Now, lets test our knowledge 1: Solve for subcooling 2: Solve for superheat Pg. 32
33 Troubleshooting: Practice Solving for Superheat Solving for Superheat 1: Identify items you will need to use 2: Calculate saturated Temperature Pg. 33
34 Troubleshooting: Practice Solving for Superheat Solving for Superheat 1: Find pressure on saturation chart 2: Go across the table and find the saturation 3: Saturation Temperature = Pg. 34
35 Troubleshooting: Practice Solving for Superheat Solving for Superheat 1: Identify formula needed 2: Plug numbers into equation 3: Evaluate results High - - Normal - - Low Pg. 35
36 Troubleshooting: Practice Practice Problem Results Compressor Discharge Compressor Suction Condenser Evaporator Temperature Pressure Temperature Pressure Subcool Superheat High - - Low Low High Pg. 36
37 Troubleshooting: Test Now, lets test our knowledge Pg. 37
38 Troubleshooting: Practice Practice Problem Results Compressor Discharge Compressor Suction Condenser Evaporator Temperature Pressure Temperature Pressure Subcool Superheat High - - Low Low High Pg. 38
39 Pg. 39
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