Experimental and numerical investigation of one-dimensional waterflood in porous reservoir

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Experimental and numerical investigation of one-dimensional waterflood in porous reservoir"

Transcription

1 al and numerical investigation of one-dimensional waterflood in porous reservoir N. Hadia a, L. Chaudhari a, A. Aggarwal b, Sushanta K. Mitra a, *, M. Vinjamur b, R. Singh c a IITB ONGC Joint Research Centre, and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 4 76, India b IITB ONGC Joint Research Centre, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 4 76, India c IITB ONGC Joint Research Centre, and Institute of Reservoir Studies, ONGC, Ahmedabad, India Abstract al and numerical investigation of relative permeability and oil recovery from the porous reservoir are described for short and long core samples. The relative permeability ratios, which are function of water saturation, obtained from laboratory core flooding experiments have been used for prediction of oil recovery through numerical simulation of non-dimensional Buckley Leverett equation. The simulation results for oil recovery compared well with recovery results obtained from core flooding experiments. Keywords: Relative permeability; Oil recovery; Saturation; Core flooding 1. Introduction The oil reservoirs are porous in nature. The oil recovery processes involve the simultaneous flow of two or more fluids in the reservoir. In waterflooding process, water injected in the reservoir displaces the oil from the pores of reservoir bed. The property of the porous reservoir that plays an important role in determining the performance of the waterflooding process is relative permeability. The prediction of the relative permeability characteristics of oil reservoir is the primary task of any laboratory waterflood experiments. For this purpose, laboratory experiments are conducted on a small representative core samples obtained form the reservoir. The oil recovery characteristics can be predicted by using Buckley Leverett equation [2]. For such prediction, individual phase relative permeabilities are required. Geffen et al. [5] presented a comprehensive study on different methods available for determining relative permeabilities of reservoir rocks and suggested the direct measurement of relative permeabilities in the laboratory using representative core sample. There are two basic methods for obtaining relative permeabilities from laboratory experiments: steady state method, and unsteady state method. The calculation of relative permeabilities from steady state experiment requires very long experimentation time. Unsteady state method needs less time; this method estimates relative permeabilities by interpreting the data collected from laboratory experiments in which one fluid is injected into a core sample that is saturated with another fluid. The relative permeability can be calculated by application of Welge [16] equation and method developed by Johnson et al. [7] or by using graphical technique developed by Jones and Roszelle [8]. The basic limitation of this approach is the necessity to differentiate the experimental data which may yield large errors in estimation of relative permeability [15]. Another approach for determining the relative permeability is history matching [1]. In this method, the relative permeability curves are adjusted until calculated oil recovery curves match those obtained from the laboratory displacement experiments. The interpretation of relative

2 356 Nomenclature English letters d a mass coefficient F source term K absolute permeability k r relative permeability L length of core sample q flow rate per unit area S saturation t time x distance Greek symbols C flux vector l absolute viscosity / porosity Subscripts D non-dimensional o oil phase or residual oil t total w water phase wi irreducible water w2 terminal water Abbreviations PV pore volume OOIP original oil inplace permeability based on history matching technique is found to be less precise for the injected fluid than the displaced fluid because the displacement history is weakly dependent on the injected phase relative permeability [12]. Macary and Walid [1] used an X-plot technique for oil recovery prediction and for obtaining relative permeability ratio and fractional flow curves. However, the technique can only be applied to reservoirs producing with water fractions higher than 5% and requires linearization of the relationship between recovery and water cut. al studies by Richardson [13] indicated that the relative permeability ratio is independent of the viscosity of fluids and the rate of water advance. Moreover, Buckley Leverett theory can be used to predict the waterflood performance neglecting the capillary pressure effects. Numerical methods have also been developed to predict the waterflood behavior including capillary effects [4]. Sheldon and Cardwell [14] solved the Buckley Leverett equation using the method of characteristics and used the treatment analogous to that used in the theory of supersonic compressible flow. Solution of Buckley Leverett equation needs the individual relative permeability values, which are obtained either from JBN method [7] or from empirical correlations [3]. However, their solutions are not validated through experiments. McEven [11] presented the results of numerical solution to one dimensional waterflooding in which outlet end effects are neglected. Gottfried et al. [6] presented two numerical schemes for solving the equations for one dimensional, multiphase flow in porous media with assumed correlations for relative permeabilities and negligible capillary pressure. However, the results obtained numerically have not been validated through laboratory waterflood experiments. In this paper, the experimental investigation of one dimensional waterflood performance of short and long Berea core samples are presented. The waterflood performance has been predicted by solving the Buckley Leverett equation using FEMLAB solver. In general, it is observed that for oil recovery estimation in one-dimensional core flood, individual phase relative permeabilities are used in the simulation. In this study, however, instead of using individual relative permeability values, a novel method is used where the relative permeability ratios obtained from the saturation experiments are used. This reduces the computational time significantly. The results obtained from the numerical simulation are validated by the laboratory one dimensional waterflood experiments and a good agreement has been found between them. 2. s The schematic of the experimental apparatus used for permeability measurement and waterflooding studies is shown in Fig. 1. The dual cylinder syringe pump whose inlet is connected to the brine reservoir maintained the desired flow rate through the core. The outlet of the pump is connected to the three way valve which in turn is connected to brine and oil accumulators at a common junction. Hence, by operating the three way valve appropriately, either oil or brine can be injected into the core. The effluents from the core outlet are collected in a fraction collector. A differential pressure transmitter has been connected between the inlet and outlet of the core to measure the pressure difference across the core length. A digital pressure gage is provided at the inlet of the core holder to record the system pressure. s have been performed at room temperature of 24 C and atmospheric pressure on cylindrical Berea sandstone core sample, 3.8 cm in diameter and 7 cm in length, as well as on rectangular Berea sandstone core sample, cm. The properties of the core samples are provided in Table 1. Brine (water with 1% KCl by volume) has been used as a saturating and a displacing fluid while heavy liquid paraffin oil is the displaced fluid and its viscosities at room temperature of 24 C are.97 and 13 cp, respectively.

3 357 Brine accumulator 3 Way valve Oil accumulator Dual cylinder syringe pump Brine reservoir Pressure gage Core holder Differential pressure transmitter To Vacuum pump Fraction collector Fig. 1. Schematic of experimental set-up for 1-D waterflood experiments. Table 1 Properties of core samples Core sample Porosity (%) Cylindrical Berea core Absolute permeability (md) S wi %PV S or %PV Long Berea core S wi = irreducible water saturation. S or = residual oil saturation. md = mili Darcy (1 md = 1 15 m 2 ). Injection Rate ml/h The cylindrical core sample is first coated with resin and kept in a stainless steel cylindrical core holder of 5.4 cm internal diameter. The annular space between the core and the core holder is filled with an alloy called Cerro Metal (42% tin and 58% Bi by weight) to prevent leakage of fluids from the surface of the core sample. Fig. 2 shows schematic of apparatus for long core with rectangular cross-section. For experiments on this apparatus, the core is first coated with a thick layer of resin. After drying the resin, leakage test is carried out using soap bubble test with nitrogen(up to 2 bar pressure). The leakage prone areas are then sealed and the core is made leakproof. Pressures have been measured at three different locations along the length of the core with pressure transmitters. At the outset of experiments, air is removed from the cores by a vacuum pump. When sufficient vacuum level is achieved, the core sample is disconnected from the vacuum INLET P 1 P 2 P RESIN COATING 54 P 1 ;P 2 ;P 3 Pressure Transmitters All dimensions are in cm OUTLET Fig. 2. Schematic of long core for waterflood experiments pump. Pore volume (PV) is found by determining the volume of brine needed to saturate the evacuated core. The absolute permeability to brine is then determined by measuring the pressure drop across the core length for a known flow rate. To mimic the reservoir condition of irreducible water saturation, heavy paraffin oil is injected till no more brine at outlet is observed. After the core is prepared for the recovery experiments, the brine is injected at a known flow rate through the core using dual cylinder syringe pump. Three experiments have been performed on each core at different injection rates. In actual reservoirs, the flow velocity is about 1 ft/day. The injection rate in the reservoir is porosity times the average velocity times cross-sectional area available to the flow. However, for relative permeability measurement by laboratory experiments, the maximum injection rate can be up to 1 PV/h for which the fluid velocity may exceed 1 ft/day. Accordingly, injection rates are chosen such that they do not exceed the injection rates of 1 PV/h. For cylindrical core, the flooding experiments have been performed at injection rates of 5, 8, and 1 ml/h, respectively whereas for long core, injection rates of 1, 5, and 1 ml/h are used. The injection rates are chosen as per the flood front stability criteria [17] such that for cylindrical short core, the front is unstable whereas for long square cross-section core it is stable. The experiments are terminated after 2 PV of brine injection; after 2 PV, the recovery reached a plateau. During the displacement test, the fractions of oil and brine are collected at the outlet in the fraction collector. The relative permeability ratios, krw k ro, are then calculated from the measured oil fractions and known viscosities of oil and brine. After completion of the experiment at a particular injection rate, the same core is flushed with oil and brought to the irreducible water saturation and again used for experiments at different injection rates Errors in s The measurement errors in the oil recovery curve are attributed to the errors involved in the measurement of volume fractions of oil. The fraction measurements are made in graduated glass tubes which have a least count of.2 ml.

4 358 The errors involved in the relative permeability ratios, based on the least count, are ±2%. Based on the least count and the difference in original oil inplace (OOIP) values, errors in the recovery curve for short and long Berea core are ±3% and ±1%, respectively. 3. Numerical simulation In numerical simulation, the capillary pressures and gravity effects are neglected. Under such conditions, the non-dimensional form of Buckley Leverett equation for the displacing phase (water) is [9] os w þ of wðs w Þ ¼ ; ð1þ ot D ox D where S w is the water saturation, f w is the fractional flow of water, t D is the non-dimensional time, and x D ¼ x is the L non-dimensional distance from the inlet. The fractional flow of water neglecting the capillary pressure, f w is given as f w ¼ 1 1 þ l w l o k ro ; k rw where l w and l o are the viscosities of displacing phase and displaced phase (oil), respectively, and k rw and k ro are the relative permeabilities of displacing phase and displaced phase, respectively. The non-dimensional time can be expressed as, t D ¼ tq t, /L where, q t is the flow flux at the inlet, L is the length of the core, / is the porosity of the porous medium, and t is the time for injection. (Here t D represents the cumulative water injection as a fraction of pore volume (PV).) Eq. (1) is solved using general PDE model of FEMLAB given as os w d a þrc ¼ F ; ð3þ ot where d a is mass coefficient, F is the source term, and C is flux vector. For modeling Eq. (1) using Eq. (3), following parameters are used d a ¼ 1; C ¼ ; and F ¼ of wðs w Þ ; ð4þ ox D where the source term F can be rewritten as F ¼ of wðs w Þ osw : ð5þ os w ox D It is to be noted that the experimental relative permeability ratio curves for short cylindrical and long square cross-section Berea core have been used for the numerical simulations. 4. Initial and boundary conditions Initially, the core will be at the irreducible water saturation, S wi which is determined from the laboratory experiments. At the inlet (x D = ), water saturation, S w is 1. ð2þ 5. Prediction of oil recovery The average water saturation inside the core is estimated by integrating water saturation through the core length and can be expressed as ðs w Þ av ¼ Z 1 S w dx D : The percent original oil in place (OOIP) recovered is calculated from ð6þ %OOIP ¼ ðs wþ av S wi 1 S wi 1: ð7þ 6. Results and discussion The experimental and simulation results of one dimensional waterflood on two different cores are presented here. The effects of injection rates on water oil relative permeability ratios and total oil recovery for short cylindrical core are shown in Fig. 3 and 4, respectively. It can be observed from Fig. 3 that as the terminal water saturation, S w2, increases, the water to oil relative permeability ratio increases. Also, as the injection rate increases from 5 to 8 ml/h, the relative permeability ratio decreases which in turn indicates the increase in the oil relative permeability. However, as injection rate increases from 8 to 1 ml/h, the relative permeability ratio increases which indicates the decrease in oil relative permeability for the same terminal water saturation. This concludes that for the injection rate of 8 ml/h, the recovery should be maximum as the oil relative permeability is maximum for the same terminal water saturation. From Fig. 4, it can be observed that as injection rate increases from 5 to 8 ml/h, the total recovery increases. However, for an injection rate of 1 ml/h, the total recovery decreases which indicates that there is an optimum injection rate for which the recovery is maximum. This is Relative permeability ratio (K rw /K ro ) ml/hr 8 ml/hr 1 ml/hr Terminal water saturation (S w2 ), % PV Fig. 3. al water to oil relative permeability ratio curve for short Berea core sample for different injection rates. PV = 23.3 ml, K = 1131 md. Lines joining the points show the trend of curves.

5 ml/hr 8 ml/hr 1 ml/hr Fig. 4. Effect of injection rate on recovery of short Berea core sample. PV = 23.3 ml, K = 1131 md. Lines joining the points show the trend of curves. also supported by the relative permeability ratio curves (Fig. 3). At an injection rates higher than the optimum, the recovery reduces, which can be attributed to the phenomena of viscous fingering [18]. Moreover, the flood front in cylindrical core is unstable and for such flood fronts, the recovery depends on injection rates. Hence, there is an optimum injection rate for such unstable fronts and above this injection rate, due to viscous fingering, recovery decreases. The relative permeability ratios obtained from the experimental data have been directly implemented in the numerical simulation. The experimental relative permeability ratio curves for long Berea core at different injection rates are shown in Fig. 5. It can be observed from Fig. 5 that the relative permeability ratio curves exhibit an exponential relationship with water saturation. Moreover, there is marginal effects of injection rates on relative permeability ratios for the injection rates considered in flooding experiments. The effect of injection rates on recovery performance of long Berea core is shown in Fig. 6. It can be observed from Fig. 6 that as injection rate increases from 1 to 1 ml/h, the recovery increases. Unlike the recovery performance of ml/hr 5 ml/hr 1 ml/hr Fig. 6. Effect of injection rate on recovery of long Berea core. PV = 126 ml, K = 1584 md. Lines joining the points show the trend of curves. short core, optimum injection rate is not observed for the injection rates considered here. Moreover, as the injection rate is increased from 5 to 1 ml/h, only 3% increase in the ultimate recovery is observed after 2 PV of injection. This can be attributed to the marginal decrease in the water oil relative permeability ratios as can be observed Pressure (psi) P 1 P 2 P Fig. 7. Measured pressure variations with PV injection for pressure transmitters P 1, P 2, and P 3 in long Berea core. 1 psi = N/m 2. Relative permeability ratio (K rw /K ro ) ml/hr 5 ml/hr 1 ml/hr Terminal water saturation (S w2 ), % PV Fig. 5. Effect of injection rate on water/oil relative permeability ratio for long Berea core. PV = 126 ml, K = 1584 md. Lines joining the points show the trend of curves. Water saturation (S w ) Brine Oil S wi Non dimensional distance (x D ) Fig. 8. Numerical simulation flood front position in a short Berea core sample after.1 PV of injection at an injection rate of 5 ml/h. PV = 23.3 ml, K = 1131 md, S wi = 37.5% PV, S or = 23.2% PV. The black region is thick because of more data points.

6 36 from Fig. 5. Moreover, the flood front in long core is stabilized and hence oil recovery is independent of injection rates. The pressure variations with respect to the volume of brine injection, along the length of the long core, is shown in Fig. 7 for three pressure transmitters P 1, P 2, and P 3, respectively. It can be observed from the pressure plot that as PV injection increases, the pressure inside the core decreases. Eventually, the pressure at each location becomes constant when no further oil is recovered. The numerical simulation of the flood front position in a short cylindrical core for an injection of.1 PV at an injection rate of 5 ml/h is shown in Fig. 8. The area below the curve represents the total oil displaced by the brine above the irreducible water saturation, S wi, whereas area above the curve represents the amount of oil left in the core after.1 PV of brine injection. The comparison of numerical simulation results with the experimental results at different injection rates for short cylindrical core are shown in Fig. 9. In the numerical simulation, experimentally obtained relative permeability ratios are used instead of individual phase relative permeability curves. It can be observed from Fig. 9a that for injection rate of 5 ml/h, the simulation and experimental results are in good agreement. The initial slope, however, of the experimental recovery curve is not well predicted by the simulation. For injection rates of 8 and 1 ml/h (Fig. 9b and c, respectively), it can be observed that the simulation results are underpredicting the experimental Fig. 9. Comparison of numerical and experimental recovery performance of 1-D waterflood of short Berea core sample for injection rates of (a) 5 ml/h (S wi = 37.5% PV, OOIP = 14.5 ml, S or = 23.2% PV) (b) 8 ml/h (S wi = 48% PV, OOIP=12.1 ml, S or = 5.1% PV), and (c) 1 ml/h (S wi = 45% PV, OOIP=12.8 ml, S or = 14.8% PV). PV = 23.3 ml, K = 1131 md for all the cases Fig. 1. Comparison of numerical and experimental recovery performance of 1-D waterflood of long Berea core sample for injection rates of (a) 1 ml/h (S wi = 3% PV, OOIP = 88.8 ml, S or = 34.7% PV) (b) 5 ml/h (S wi = 32.5% PV, OOIP = 85 ml, S or = 33.4% PV), and (c) 1 ml/h (S wi = 32.2% PV, OOIP = 85.4 ml, S or = 31.7% PV) PV = 126 ml for all the cases.

7 361 recoveries. The careful observation from Fig. 9 shows that the recovery is maximum for the injection rate of 8 ml/h which is also supported by the experimental recovery curves (Fig. 4). The error bars in the experimental recovery curve corresponds to the error in the volume fraction measurement, as discussed earlier. The comparison of numerical simulation results with the experimental results for long Berea core at different injection rates are shown in Fig. 1. It is found that for all injection rates, the initial slope of the recovery curve is well predicted by the numerical simulation. It is also observed that the simulation result greatly underestimated the experimental result for an injection rate of 1 ml/h (Fig. 1a), slightly underestimated for an injection rate of 5 ml/h (Fig. 1b) and overestimated for an injection rate of 1 ml/h (Fig. 1c). This is because for an injection rate of 1 ml/h, the flood front is just stable and water/oil relative permeability ratio is higher compared to higher injection rates of 5 and 1 ml/h for which the flood front is fully stabilized. However, with increase in injection rate from 5 to 1 ml/h, due to marginal decrease in the relative permeability ratios, the oil recovery increases. However, the maximum oil recovery predicted by the simulation differs from the experimental recovery by 3%. 7. Conclusions In this paper, the experimental and numerical studies have been carried out to predict the one dimensional waterflood performance of short and long Berea cores at different injection rates. The relative permeability ratios obtained from experiments are used in the numerical simulation. al studies on short core concludes that there is an optimum injection rate at which recovery is maximum. Comparison of experimental and numerical simulation results show reasonable agreement for short and long cores. It is also observed that there is a good match of the initial slopes of the recovery curves. References [2] S.F. Buckley, M.C. Leverett, Mechanism of fluid displacement in sands, Petroleum Transactions AIME 146 (1942) [3] G.L. Chierici, Novel relations for drainage and imbibition relative permeabilities, SPEJ (1984) [4] J. Douglas Jr., P.M. Blair, R.J. Wagner, Calculation of linear waterflood behavior including the effects of capillary pressure, Petroleum Transaction AIME 213 (1958) [5] T.M. Geffen, W.W. Owens, D.R. Parrish, R.A. Morse, al investigation of factors affecting laboratory relative permeability measurements, Petroleum Transaction AIME 192 (1951) [6] B.S. Gottfried, W.H. Guilinger, R.W. Snyder, Numerical solution of the equations for one dimensional multi phase flow in porous media, SPEJ (1966) [7] E.F. Johnson, D.P. Bossler, V.O. Naumann, Calculation of relative permeability from displacement experiment, Petroleum Transaction AIME 216 (1959) [8] S.C. Jones, W.O. Roszelle, Graphical techniques for determining relative permeability from displacement experiments, Journal of Petroleum Technology 3 (1978) [9] L.W. Lake, Enhanced Oil Recovery, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, USA, [1] S. Macary, A.A. Walid, Creation of fractional flow curve from purely production data. SPE Paper 5683, in: 1999 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition held in Houston, Texas, 1999 October 3 6. [11] C.R. McEven, A numerical solution of the linear displacement equation with capillary pressure, Transactions of AIME 216 (1959) [12] V.S. Mitlin, B.D. Lawton, J.D. McLennan, L.B. Owen, Improved estimation of relative permeability from displacement experiments, SPE Paper 3983, in: 1998 SPE International Petroleum Conference and exhibition of Mexico held in Villahermosa, Mexico, 1998 March 3 5. [13] J.G. Richardson, The calculation of waterflood recovery from steady state relative permeability data, Transactions of AIME 21 (1957) [14] J.W. Sheldon, W.T. Cardwell, One dimensional, incompressible, non capillary flow, two phase fluid flow in a porous medium, Transactions of AIME 216 (1959) [15] T.M. Tao, A.T. Watson, Accuracy of JBN estimates of relative permeability: Part 1 Error analysis, SPEJ (1984) [16] H.J. Welge, A simplified method for computing oil recovery by gas or water drive, Transactions of AIME 195 (1952) [17] G.P. Willhite, Waterflooding, SPE Textbook Series, vol. 3, Richardson, TX, USA, 24, p. 89. [18] Z.F. Zhang, J.E. Smith, Visualization of DNAPL fingering processes and mechanisms in water saturated porous media, Transport in Porous Media 48 (22) [1] J.S. Archer, S.W. Wong, Use of reservoir simulator to interpret laboratory waterflood data, SPEJ (1973)

WATER OIL RELATIVE PERMEABILITY COMPARATIVE STUDY: STEADY VERSUS UNSTEADY STATE

WATER OIL RELATIVE PERMEABILITY COMPARATIVE STUDY: STEADY VERSUS UNSTEADY STATE SCA2005-77 1/7 WATER OIL RELATIVE PERMEABILITY COMPARATIVE STUDY: STEADY VERSUS UNSTEADY STATE 1 Marcelo M. Kikuchi, 1 Celso C.M. Branco, 2 Euclides J. Bonet, 2 Rosângela M.Zanoni, 1 Carlos M. Paiva 1

More information

Accurate Measurement of Steam Flow Properties

Accurate Measurement of Steam Flow Properties Accurate Measurement of Steam Flow Properties Kewen Li and Roland N. Horne Stanford Geothermal Program, Stanford University (Proceedings of 1999 GRC Annual Meeting on October 17-20, Reno, California, USA)

More information

Introduction to Relative Permeability AFES Meeting Aberdeen 28 th March Dave Mogford ResLab UK Limited

Introduction to Relative Permeability AFES Meeting Aberdeen 28 th March Dave Mogford ResLab UK Limited Introduction to Relative Permeability AFES Meeting Aberdeen 28 th March 2007 Dave Mogford ResLab UK Limited Outline 1. Introduction 2. Basic Concepts 3. Overview of Test Methods 4. Interpretation Introduction

More information

THREE-PHASE UNSTEADY-STATE RELATIVE PERMEABILITY MEASUREMENTS IN CONSOLIDATED CORES USING THREE IMMISCIBLE LIQUIDS

THREE-PHASE UNSTEADY-STATE RELATIVE PERMEABILITY MEASUREMENTS IN CONSOLIDATED CORES USING THREE IMMISCIBLE LIQUIDS SCA2-43 /6 THREE-PHASE UNSTEADY-STATE RELATIVE PERMEABILITY MEASUREMENTS IN CONSOLIDATED CORES USING THREE IMMISCIBLE LIQUIDS Peilin Cao, Shameem Siddiqui 2 Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA This

More information

ACCURACY OF GAS - OIL RELATIVE PERMEABILITY FROM TWO-PHASE FLOW EXPERIMENTS

ACCURACY OF GAS - OIL RELATIVE PERMEABILITY FROM TWO-PHASE FLOW EXPERIMENTS ACCURACY OF GAS - OIL RELATIVE PERMEABILITY FROM TWO-PHASE FLOW EXPERIMENTS A.Skauge, G.Håskjold, T.Thorsen and M. Aarra Norsk Hydro, N-5020 Bergen, Norway Abstract Gas - oil relative permeability of sandstone

More information

Permeability. Darcy's Law

Permeability. Darcy's Law Permeability Permeability is a property of the porous medium that measures the capacity and ability of the formation to transmit fluids. The rock permeability, k, is a very important rock property because

More information

COPYRIGHT. Reservoir Rock Properties Fundamentals. Saturation and Contacts. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to:

COPYRIGHT. Reservoir Rock Properties Fundamentals. Saturation and Contacts. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to: Learning Objectives Reservoir Rock Properties Fundamentals Saturation and Contacts By the end of this lesson, you will be able to: Describe the concept of fluid contacts Describe how saturations change

More information

A VALID APPROACH TO CORRECT CAPILLARY PRESSURE CURVES- A CASE STUDY OF BEREA AND TIGHT GAS SANDS

A VALID APPROACH TO CORRECT CAPILLARY PRESSURE CURVES- A CASE STUDY OF BEREA AND TIGHT GAS SANDS SCA2009-4 /6 A VALID APPROACH TO CORRECT CAPILLARY PRESSURE CURVES- A CASE STUDY OF BEREA AND TIGHT GAS SANDS Gbenga M. Funmilayo, Shameem Siddiqui: Texas Tech University, Lubbock USA This paper was prepared

More information

COMPARISON OF FOUR NUMERICAL SIMULATORS FOR SCAL EXPERIMENTS

COMPARISON OF FOUR NUMERICAL SIMULATORS FOR SCAL EXPERIMENTS SCA2016-006 1/12 COMPARISON OF FOUR NUMERICAL SIMULATORS FOR SCAL EXPERIMENTS Roland Lenormand 1), Kjetil Lorentzen 2), Jos G. Maas 3) and Douglas Ruth 4) 1) Cydarex, France; 2) PRORES AS, Norway; 3) Consultant,

More information

Influence of Capillary Pressure on Estimation of Relative Permeability for Immiscible WAG Processes

Influence of Capillary Pressure on Estimation of Relative Permeability for Immiscible WAG Processes Influence of Capillary Pressure on Estimation of Relative Permeability for Immiscible WAG Processes Elisabeth Iren Dale 1,2 and Arne Skauge 1 1 Centre for Integrated Petroleum Research - University of

More information

HIBERNIA THREE-PHASE RELATIVE PERMEABILITY MEASUREMENTS AT RESERVOIR CONDITIONS

HIBERNIA THREE-PHASE RELATIVE PERMEABILITY MEASUREMENTS AT RESERVOIR CONDITIONS SCA2017-001 1/12 HIBERNIA THREE-PHASE RELATIVE PERMEABILITY MEASUREMENTS AT RESERVOIR CONDITIONS By Daniel R. Maloney and Brad E. Milligan, ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company This paper was prepared

More information

Novel empirical correlations for estimation of bubble point pressure, saturated viscosity and gas solubility of crude oils

Novel empirical correlations for estimation of bubble point pressure, saturated viscosity and gas solubility of crude oils 86 Pet.Sci.(29)6:86-9 DOI 1.17/s12182-9-16-x Novel empirical correlations for estimation of bubble point pressure, saturated viscosity and gas solubility of crude oils Ehsan Khamehchi 1, Fariborz Rashidi

More information

Gas injection in a water saturated porous medium: effect of capillarity, buoyancy, and viscosity ratio

Gas injection in a water saturated porous medium: effect of capillarity, buoyancy, and viscosity ratio Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Energy Procedia 37 (213 ) 5545 5552 GHGT-11 Gas injection in a water saturated porous medium: effect of capillarity, buoyancy, and viscosity ratio Tetsuya Suekane

More information

SURPRISING TRENDS ON TRAPPED HYDROCARBON SATURATION WITH WETTABILITY

SURPRISING TRENDS ON TRAPPED HYDROCARBON SATURATION WITH WETTABILITY SCA2007-51 1/6 SURPRISING TRENDS ON TRAPPED HYDROCARBON SATURATION WITH WETTABILITY V. Sander Suicmez 1,2, Mohammad Piri 3 and Martin J. Blunt 2 1 EXPEC Advanced Research Center, Saudi Aramco, Dhahran

More information

SPE Copyright 2001, Society of Petroleum Engineers Inc.

SPE Copyright 2001, Society of Petroleum Engineers Inc. SPE 67232 Sampling Volatile Oil Wells Ahmed H. El-Banbi, SPE, Cairo University/Schlumberger Holditch-Reservoir Technologies, and William D. McCain, Jr., SPE, Texas A&M University Copyright 2001, Society

More information

Reservoir Engineering 3 (Flow through Porous Media and Applied Reservoir Engineering)

Reservoir Engineering 3 (Flow through Porous Media and Applied Reservoir Engineering) Sudan University of Science and Technology College of Petroleum Engineering and Technology Reservoir Engineering 3 (Flow through Porous Media and Applied Reservoir Engineering) Dr. Tagwa Ahmed Musa Last

More information

Improvements of the Semidynamic Method for Capillary Pressure Measurements

Improvements of the Semidynamic Method for Capillary Pressure Measurements 1995 SCA Confere,nce Paper Number 953 1 Improvements of the Semidynamic Method for Capillary Pressure Measurements R. Lenormand, A. Eisenzimmer and Ph. Delaplace Institut Franquis du P&trole BP 3 T 1 92506

More information

SCA : TRAPPED VERSUS INITIAL GAS SATURATION TRENDS FROM A SINGLE CORE TEST Dan Maloney and David Zornes, ConocoPhillips

SCA : TRAPPED VERSUS INITIAL GAS SATURATION TRENDS FROM A SINGLE CORE TEST Dan Maloney and David Zornes, ConocoPhillips SCA2003-22: TRAPPED VERSUS INITIAL GAS SATURATION TRENDS FROM A SINGLE CORE TEST Dan Maloney and David Zornes, ConocoPhillips This paper was prepared for presentation at the International Symposium of

More information

REVIEW OF THE INTERCEPT METHOD FOR RELATIVE PERMEABILITY CORRECTION USING A VARIETY OF CASE STUDY DATA

REVIEW OF THE INTERCEPT METHOD FOR RELATIVE PERMEABILITY CORRECTION USING A VARIETY OF CASE STUDY DATA SCA2018-030 1/14 REVIEW OF THE INTERCEPT METHOD FOR RELATIVE PERMEABILITY CORRECTION USING A VARIETY OF CASE STUDY DATA Jules Reed 1, Jos Maas 2 (1) Lloyd s Register, Aberdeen, UK (2) Independent Consultant

More information

Flow in Porous Media. Module 1.c Fundamental Properties of Porous Media Shahab Gerami

Flow in Porous Media. Module 1.c Fundamental Properties of Porous Media Shahab Gerami Flow in Porous Media Module 1.c Fundamental Properties of Porous Media Shahab Gerami Forces acting on a fluid in a reservoir Capillary forces Viscous forces Gravitational forces Surface Tension Interfacial

More information

PMI Pulse Decay Permeameter for Shale Rock Characterization Yang Yu, Scientist Porous Materials Inc., 20 Dutch Mill Road, Ithaca NY 14850

PMI Pulse Decay Permeameter for Shale Rock Characterization Yang Yu, Scientist Porous Materials Inc., 20 Dutch Mill Road, Ithaca NY 14850 PMI Pulse Decay Permeameter for Shale Rock Characterization Yang Yu, Scientist Porous Materials Inc., 20 Dutch Mill Road, Ithaca NY 14850 This document describes the application of Pulse Decay Permeameter

More information

IMPROVEMENTS OF COREFLOOD DESIGN AND INTERPRETATION USING A NEW SOFTWARE.

IMPROVEMENTS OF COREFLOOD DESIGN AND INTERPRETATION USING A NEW SOFTWARE. IMPROVEMENTS OF COREFLOOD DESIGN AND INTERPRETATION USING A NEW SOFTWARE. A. FINCHAM ELF Exploration UK plc, F. GOUTH ELF EP Technical Centre PAU FRANCE ABSTRACT : A new software package (CAROPT) has been

More information

Oil Mobility in Transition Zones

Oil Mobility in Transition Zones Oil Mobility in Transition Zones hehadeh Masalmeh and jaam Oedai hell International Exploration and Production B.V. Rijswijk The Netherlands 1. Abstract Oil-water transition zones may contain a sizable

More information

CHAPTER 6: PERMEABILITY MEASUREMENT

CHAPTER 6: PERMEABILITY MEASUREMENT CHAPTER 6: PERMEABILITY MEASUREMENT Objective To measure the permeability of rock samples using a gas permeameter and to apply Klinkenberg effect corrections to obtain the liquid permeability. Introduction

More information

LOW PRESSURE EFFUSION OF GASES revised by Igor Bolotin 03/05/12

LOW PRESSURE EFFUSION OF GASES revised by Igor Bolotin 03/05/12 LOW PRESSURE EFFUSION OF GASES revised by Igor Bolotin 03/05/ This experiment will introduce you to the kinetic properties of low-pressure gases. You will make observations on the rates with which selected

More information

New Viscosity Correlation for Different Iraqi Oil Fields

New Viscosity Correlation for Different Iraqi Oil Fields Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Vol.15 No.3 (September 2014) 71-76 ISSN: 1997-4884 University of Baghdad College of Engineering New

More information

This file was downloaded from Telemark Open Research Archive TEORA -

This file was downloaded from Telemark Open Research Archive TEORA - This file was downloaded from Telemark Open Research Archive TEORA - http://teora.hit.no/dspace/ Title: Computational study of fingering phenomenon in heavy oil reservoir with water drive Authors: Wijeratne,

More information

LOW PRESSURE EFFUSION OF GASES adapted by Luke Hanley and Mike Trenary

LOW PRESSURE EFFUSION OF GASES adapted by Luke Hanley and Mike Trenary ADH 1/7/014 LOW PRESSURE EFFUSION OF GASES adapted by Luke Hanley and Mike Trenary This experiment will introduce you to the kinetic properties of low-pressure gases. You will make observations on the

More information

SPE Effect of Initial Water Saturation on Spontaneous Water Imbibition Kewen Li, SPE, Kevin Chow, and Roland N. Horne, SPE, Stanford University

SPE Effect of Initial Water Saturation on Spontaneous Water Imbibition Kewen Li, SPE, Kevin Chow, and Roland N. Horne, SPE, Stanford University SPE 7677 Effect of Initial Water Saturation on Spontaneous Water Imbibition Keen Li, SPE, Kevin Cho, and Roland N. Horne, SPE, Stanford University Copyright, Society of Petroleum Engineers Inc. This paper

More information

Micro Channel Recuperator for a Reverse Brayton Cycle Cryocooler

Micro Channel Recuperator for a Reverse Brayton Cycle Cryocooler Micro Channel Recuperator for a Reverse Brayton Cycle Cryocooler C. Becnel, J. Lagrone, and K. Kelly Mezzo Technologies Baton Rouge, LA USA 70806 ABSTRACT The Missile Defense Agency has supported a research

More information

Petroleum Reservoir Rock and Fluid Properties

Petroleum Reservoir Rock and Fluid Properties second edition Petroleum Reservoir Rock and Fluid Properties Abhijit Y. Dandekar CRC Press Taylor & Francis Croup Boca Raton London NewYork CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis an Croup, informa

More information

Effect of Implementing Three-Phase Flow Characteristics and Capillary Pressure in Simulation of Immiscible WAG

Effect of Implementing Three-Phase Flow Characteristics and Capillary Pressure in Simulation of Immiscible WAG Effect of Implementing Three-Phase Flow Characteristics and Capillary Pressure in Simulation of Immiscible WAG Elisabeth Iren Dale 1,2 and Arne Skauge 1 1 Centre for Integrated Petroleum Research - University

More information

Simposium Nasional dan Kongres X Jakarta, November 2008 Makalah Profesional IATMI

Simposium Nasional dan Kongres X Jakarta, November 2008 Makalah Profesional IATMI Simposium Nasional dan Kongres X Jakarta, 12 14 November 2008 Makalah Profesional IATMI 08 018 Experimental Treatments for Fluid-Blocked Gas Wells By Melvin Devadass, Technical Manager, 3M Oil & Gas Markets,

More information

THREE-PHASE CAPILLARY PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS IN CENTRIFUGE AT RESERVOIR CONDITIONS

THREE-PHASE CAPILLARY PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS IN CENTRIFUGE AT RESERVOIR CONDITIONS SCA004-9 /3 THREE-PHASE CAPILLARY PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS IN CENTRIFUGE AT RESERVOIR CONDITIONS G. A. Virnovsky, K.O. Vatne, J.E. Iversen, RF-Rogaland Research, and C. Signy, ENSG-RF. This paper was prepared

More information

Comparison of methods to calculate relative permeability from capillary pressure in consolidated water-wet porous media

Comparison of methods to calculate relative permeability from capillary pressure in consolidated water-wet porous media WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH, VOL. 42, W645, doi:1.129/25wr4482, 26 Comparison of methods to calculate relative permeability from capillary pressure in consolidated water-wet porous media Kewen Li 1 and Roland

More information

MODELING AND SIMULATION OF VALVE COEFFICIENTS AND CAVITATION CHARACTERISTICS IN A BALL VALVE

MODELING AND SIMULATION OF VALVE COEFFICIENTS AND CAVITATION CHARACTERISTICS IN A BALL VALVE Proceedings of the 37 th International & 4 th National Conference on Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Power FMFP2010 December 16-18, 2010, IIT Madras, Chennai, India FMFP2010 341 MODELING AND SIMULATION OF VALVE

More information

SCA-9421 THREE-PHASE RELATIVE PERMEABILITIES AND TRAPPED GAS MEASUREMENTS RELATED TO WAG PROCESSES. Arne Skauge and Johne A.

SCA-9421 THREE-PHASE RELATIVE PERMEABILITIES AND TRAPPED GAS MEASUREMENTS RELATED TO WAG PROCESSES. Arne Skauge and Johne A. THREE-PHASE RELATIVE PERMEABILITIES AND TRAPPED GAS MEASUREMENTS RELATED TO WAG PROCESSES. Arne Skauge and Johne A. Larsen Norsk Hydro Research Center, Bergen, Norway ABSTRACT Three-phase relative permeability

More information

A MEASUREMENT OF STEAM-WATER RELATIVE PERMEABILITY. Cengiz Satik. Stanford Geothermal Program Stanford University Stanford, CA

A MEASUREMENT OF STEAM-WATER RELATIVE PERMEABILITY. Cengiz Satik. Stanford Geothermal Program Stanford University Stanford, CA PROCEEDINGS. Twenty-Third Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering Stanford University, Stanford. California, January 26-28, 1998 SGP-TR-158 A MEASUREMENT OF STEAM-WATER RELATIVE PERMEABILITY Cengiz

More information

MEASUREMENTS OF RESIDUAL GAS SATURATION UNDER AMBIENT CONDITIONS

MEASUREMENTS OF RESIDUAL GAS SATURATION UNDER AMBIENT CONDITIONS MEASUREMENTS OF RESIDUAL GAS SATURATION UNDER AMBIENT CONDITIONS Minghua Ding and Apostolos Kantzas, 2 : TIPM Laboratory, Calgary, Alberta Canada 2: Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering University

More information

Reservoir Performance of Fluid Systems with Widely Varying Composition (GOR)

Reservoir Performance of Fluid Systems with Widely Varying Composition (GOR) Reservoir Performance of Fluid Systems with Widely Varying Composition (GOR) A Simulation Approach M. Sc. Thesis Singh Kameshwar December 1997 Declaration I hereby declare that this Master of Science thesis

More information

CHEM 355 EXPERIMENT 7. Viscosity of gases: Estimation of molecular diameter

CHEM 355 EXPERIMENT 7. Viscosity of gases: Estimation of molecular diameter CHEM 355 EXPERIMENT 7 Viscosity of gases: Estimation of molecular diameter Expressed most simply, the viscosity of a fluid (liquid or gas) relates to its resistance to flow. The viscosity of a gas is determined

More information

Determination of Capillary pressure & relative permeability curves

Determination of Capillary pressure & relative permeability curves Determination of Capillary pressure & relative permeability curves With Refrigerated Centrifuge Multi speed centrifuge experiments Introduction As the porous diaphragm method (see Vinci s CAPRI), the centrifuge

More information

EVALUATION OF GAS BUBBLE DURING FOAMY OIL DEPLETION EXPERIMENT USING CT SCANNING

EVALUATION OF GAS BUBBLE DURING FOAMY OIL DEPLETION EXPERIMENT USING CT SCANNING SCA216-41 1/6 EVALUATION OF GAS BUBBLE DURING FOAMY OIL DEPLETION EXPERIMENT USING CT SCANNING Weifeng LV, Zhenpeng LENG, Xingmin LI, Heping CHEN, Jiru YANG, Ninghong JIA Research Institute of Petroleum

More information

Validation Study of Gas Solubility Correlations at bubble point pressure for Some Libyan Crude Oils Using Three chosen Correlations

Validation Study of Gas Solubility Correlations at bubble point pressure for Some Libyan Crude Oils Using Three chosen Correlations Validation Study of Gas Solubility Correlations at bubble point pressure for Some Libyan Crude Oils Using Three chosen Correlations Dr. Mustafa O. Sharrad Dept. of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Faculty

More information

MATCHING EXPERIMENTAL SATURATION PROFILES BY NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF COMBINED AND COUNTER-CURRENT SPONTANEOUS IMBIBITION

MATCHING EXPERIMENTAL SATURATION PROFILES BY NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF COMBINED AND COUNTER-CURRENT SPONTANEOUS IMBIBITION SCA2016-005 1/12 MATCHING EXPERIMENTAL SATURATION PROFILES BY NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF COMBINED AND COUNTER-CURRENT SPONTANEOUS IMBIBITION Douglas W. Ruth 1, Martin A. Fernø 2, Åsmund Haugen 3, Bergit Brattekås

More information

STEAM-WATER RELATIVE PERMEABILITY BY THE CAPILLARY PRESSURE METHOD

STEAM-WATER RELATIVE PERMEABILITY BY THE CAPILLARY PRESSURE METHOD TEAM-WATER RELATIVE PERMEABILITY BY THE CAPILLARY PREURE METHOD Keen Li and Roland N. Horne Department of Petroleum Engineering, tanford University Abstract Various capillary pressure techniques such as

More information

PETROLEUM ENGINEERING 310 SECOND EXAM. October 23, 2002

PETROLEUM ENGINEERING 310 SECOND EXAM. October 23, 2002 PETROLEUM ENGINEERING 310 SECOND EXM October 23, 2002 Ground Rules Do all your work on the test paper and the space provided for the answer, do no write on the back. Grading will be based on approach and

More information

Flow and Mixing in the Liquid between Bubbles

Flow and Mixing in the Liquid between Bubbles Excerpt from the Proceedings of the COMSOL Conference 2009 Boston Flow and Mixing in the Liquid between Bubbles Bruce A. Finlayson, Professor Emeritus of Chemical Engineering Department of Chemical Engineering,

More information

Two-Phase Semi-Dynamic Method with Electrical Measurements: Determination of Relative Permeability and Capillary Pressure from a Single Experiment

Two-Phase Semi-Dynamic Method with Electrical Measurements: Determination of Relative Permeability and Capillary Pressure from a Single Experiment SCA2014-005 1/12 Two-Phase Semi-Dynamic Method with Electrical Measurements: Determination of Relative Permeability and Capillary Pressure from a Single Experiment F. Pairoys Schlumberger This paper was

More information

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PARAFFIN WAX

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PARAFFIN WAX In: Advances in Sustainable Petroleum Engineering and Science ISSN: 1937-7991 Volume 2, Number 2 211 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PARAFFIN WAX AND BEESWAX WITH A VIEW TO SIMULATING

More information

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON BEESWAX USING WATERJET DRILLING

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON BEESWAX USING WATERJET DRILLING In: Journal of Characterization and Development of Novel Materials ISSN: 1937-7975 Volume 1, Issue 4, pp. 285 296 2010 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON BEESWAX USING WATERJET DRILLING

More information

ACCEPTABLE WATER-OIL AND GAS-OIL RELATIVE PERMEABILITY MEASUREMENTS FOR USE IN RESERVOIR SIMULATION MODELS

ACCEPTABLE WATER-OIL AND GAS-OIL RELATIVE PERMEABILITY MEASUREMENTS FOR USE IN RESERVOIR SIMULATION MODELS SCA2007-11 1/12 ACCEPTABLE WATER-OIL AND GAS-OIL RELATIVE PERMEABILITY MEASUREMENTS FOR USE IN RESERVOIR SIMULATION MODELS Zubair Kalam, Tawfiq Obeida and Abdurrahman Al Masaabi Abu Dhabi Company for Onshore

More information

Pore-scale simulation of water alternate gas injection

Pore-scale simulation of water alternate gas injection CMWRXVI Pore-scale simulation of water alternate gas injection V. Sander Suicmez 1, Mohammad Piri 2 and Martin J Blunt 1 1 Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ,

More information

Experimental Verification of Integrated Pressure Suppression Systems in Fusion Reactors at In-Vessel Loss-of -Coolant Events

Experimental Verification of Integrated Pressure Suppression Systems in Fusion Reactors at In-Vessel Loss-of -Coolant Events Experimental Verification of Integrated Pressure Suppression Systems in Fusion Reactors at In-Vessel Loss-of -Coolant Events K. Takase 1), H. Akimoto 1) 1) Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI),

More information

Characterizing Flow Losses Occurring in Air Vents and Ejector Pins in High Pressure Die Castings

Characterizing Flow Losses Occurring in Air Vents and Ejector Pins in High Pressure Die Castings This paper is subject to revision. Statements and opinions advanced in this paper or during presentation are the author s and are his/her responsibility, not the Association s. The paper has been edited

More information

SPE Copyright 2000, Society of Petroleum Engineers Inc.

SPE Copyright 2000, Society of Petroleum Engineers Inc. SPE 62935 Use of Solvents To Improve the Productivity of Gas Condensate Wells Liangui Du, Jacob G. Walker, SPE, Gary A. Pope, SPE, Mukul M. Sharma, SPE, Peng Wang, SPE, Center for Petroleum and Geosystems

More information

Measuring Relative Permeability With NMR

Measuring Relative Permeability With NMR SCA2018-054 1/10 Measuring Relative Permeability With NMR M.J. Dick 1, D. Veselinovic 1, T. Kenney 1 and D. Green 1 1 Green Imaging Technologies, Fredericton, NB, Canada This paper was prepared for presentation

More information

Effect of Gas-wetness on Gas-water Two-phase Seepage in Visual Microscopic Pore Models

Effect of Gas-wetness on Gas-water Two-phase Seepage in Visual Microscopic Pore Models Copyright 2013 Tech Science Press SL, vol.10, no.1, pp.19-26, 2013 Effect of Gas-wetness on Gas-water Two-phase Seepage in Visual Microscopic Pore Models G. C. Jiang 1,2, M. Zhang 1,2, X. X. Xing 3, S.

More information

Experimental Studies on the Instabilities of Viscous Fingering in a Hele-Shaw Cell

Experimental Studies on the Instabilities of Viscous Fingering in a Hele-Shaw Cell Korean J. Chem. Eng., 17(2), 169-173 (2000) Experimental Studies on the Instabilities of Viscous Fingering in a Hele-Shaw Cell Chung Gi Baig, Young Ho Chun*, Eun Su Cho* and Chang Kyun Choi School of Chemical

More information

Techniques to Handle Limitations in Dynamic Relative Permeability Measurements SUPRI TR 128 TOPICAL REPORT

Techniques to Handle Limitations in Dynamic Relative Permeability Measurements SUPRI TR 128 TOPICAL REPORT Techniques to Handle Limitations in Dynamic Relative Permeability Measurements SUPRI TR 128 by Suhail Qadeer, William E. Brigham, and Louis M. Castanier TOPICAL REPORT For the period ending May 2002 Work

More information

Effect of Coiled Capillary Tube Pitch on Vapour Compression Refrigeration System Performance

Effect of Coiled Capillary Tube Pitch on Vapour Compression Refrigeration System Performance Effect of Coiled Capillary Tube Pitch on Vapour Compression Refrigeration System Performance Mutalubi Aremu Akintunde Federal University of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering Akure, Ondo

More information

LOW PERMEABILITY MEASUREMENTS USING STEADY-STATE AND TRANSIENT METHODS

LOW PERMEABILITY MEASUREMENTS USING STEADY-STATE AND TRANSIENT METHODS SCA2007-07 1/12 LOW PERMEABILITY MEASUREMENTS USING STEADY-STATE AND TRANSIENT METHODS P. Carles, P. Egermann*, R. Lenormand, JM. Lombard Institut Français du Pétrole (* now with GDF) This paper was prepared

More information

International Journal of Technical Research and Applications e-issn: , Volume 4, Issue 3 (May-June, 2016), PP.

International Journal of Technical Research and Applications e-issn: ,  Volume 4, Issue 3 (May-June, 2016), PP. DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF FEED CHECK VALVE AS CONTROL VALVE USING CFD SOFTWARE R.Nikhil M.Tech Student Industrial & Production Engineering National Institute of Engineering Mysuru, Karnataka, India -570008

More information

Pore-scale Network Modeling of Three-Phase Flow Based on Thermodynamically Consistent Threshold Capillary Pressures. II. Results

Pore-scale Network Modeling of Three-Phase Flow Based on Thermodynamically Consistent Threshold Capillary Pressures. II. Results Transp Porous Med (2017) 116:1139 1165 DOI 10.1007/s11242-016-0815-7 Pore-scale Network Modeling of Three-Phase Flow Based on Thermodynamically Consistent Threshold Capillary Pressures. II. Results Arsalan

More information

International Journal of Petroleum and Geoscience Engineering Volume 03, Issue 01, Pages 56-60, 2015

International Journal of Petroleum and Geoscience Engineering Volume 03, Issue 01, Pages 56-60, 2015 International Journal of Petroleum and Geoscience Engineering Volume 03, Issue 01, Pages ISSN: 2289-4713 Investigation of Under-Saturated Oil Viscosity Correlations under Reservoir Condition; A Case Study

More information

A REAPPRAISAL OF THE EVIDENCE FOR DAMAGE CAUSED BY OVEN DRYING OF HYDROCARBON ZONE CORE

A REAPPRAISAL OF THE EVIDENCE FOR DAMAGE CAUSED BY OVEN DRYING OF HYDROCARBON ZONE CORE A REAPPRAISAL OF THE EVIDENCE FOR DAMAGE CAUSED BY OVEN DRYING OF HYDROCARBON ZONE CORE P. Mitchell, Integrated Core Consultancy Services D. Walder, A. M. Brown & K.J. Sincock, BP Exploration ABSTRACT

More information

Development of High-speed Gas Dissolution Device

Development of High-speed Gas Dissolution Device Development of High-speed Gas Dissolution Device Yoichi Nakano*, Atsushi Suehiro**, Tetsuhiko Fujisato***, Jun Ma**** Kesayoshi Hadano****, Masayuki Fukagawa***** *Ube National College of Technology, Tokiwadai

More information

Flow transients in multiphase pipelines

Flow transients in multiphase pipelines Flow transients in multiphase pipelines David Wiszniewski School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Western Australia Prof. Ole Jørgen Nydal Multiphase Flow Laboratory, Norwegian University of Science

More information

Figure 1 Schematic of opposing air bearing concept

Figure 1 Schematic of opposing air bearing concept Theoretical Analysis of Opposing Air Bearing Concept This concept utilizes air bearings to constrain five degrees of freedom of the optic as shown in the figure below. Three pairs of inherently compensated

More information

Positive imbibition capillary pressure curves using the centrifuge technique.

Positive imbibition capillary pressure curves using the centrifuge technique. Positive imbibition capillary pressure curves using the centrifuge technique. M. FLEURY, G. RINGOT and P. POULAIN Institut Français du Pétrole Abstract The standard centrifuge technique allows the determination

More information

132 Int. J. Oil, Gas and Coal Technology, Vol. 7, No. 2, 2014

132 Int. J. Oil, Gas and Coal Technology, Vol. 7, No. 2, 2014 132 Int. J. Oil, Gas and Coal Technology, Vol. 7, No. 2, 2014 Production performance of water alternate gas injection techniques for enhanced oil recovery: effect of WAG ratio, number of WAG cycles and

More information

LOW SALINITY FLOODING: EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION AND NUMERICAL INTERPRETATION

LOW SALINITY FLOODING: EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION AND NUMERICAL INTERPRETATION SCA2013-022 1/13 LOW SALINITY FLOODING: EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION AND NUMERICAL INTERPRETATION Shehadeh K. Masalmeh 1, Tibi G. Sorop 2, Bart M.J.M. Suijkerbuijk 2, Esther C.M. Vermolen 2, Sippe Douma 1 H.

More information

The Discussion of this exercise covers the following points:

The Discussion of this exercise covers the following points: Exercise 3-2 Orifice Plates EXERCISE OBJECTIVE In this exercise, you will study how differential pressure flowmeters operate. You will describe the relationship between the flow rate and the pressure drop

More information

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF IRREDUCIBLE WATER SATURATION ESTABILISHMENT

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF IRREDUCIBLE WATER SATURATION ESTABILISHMENT SCA2014-070 1/6 AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF IRREDUCIBLE WATER SATURATION ESTABILISHMENT Zhang Zubo, Luo Manli, ChenXu, Lv Weifeng Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, Petrochina This

More information

Carbon Dioxide Flooding. Dr. Helmy Sayyouh Petroleum Engineering Cairo University

Carbon Dioxide Flooding. Dr. Helmy Sayyouh Petroleum Engineering Cairo University Carbon Dioxide Flooding Dr. Helmy Sayyouh Petroleum Engineering Cairo University Properties of CO 2... Properties of CO2... CO2 density increases with:.increasing pressure.decreasing temperature Viscosity

More information

Experimental and modelling study of the solubility of CO 2 in various CaCl 2 solutions at different temperatures and pressures

Experimental and modelling study of the solubility of CO 2 in various CaCl 2 solutions at different temperatures and pressures Pet.Sci.(014)11:569-577 DOI 10.1007/s118-014-0373-1 569 and modelling study of the solubility of in various CaCl s at different temperatures and pressures Alireza Bastami 1, Mohammad Allahgholi 1 and Peyman

More information

Numerical Multiphase PTA Vincent Artus - Gérard Pellissier - Olivier Allain

Numerical Multiphase PTA Vincent Artus - Gérard Pellissier - Olivier Allain VA GP - OA: Numerical Multiphase PTA p 1/29 Numerical Multiphase PTA Vincent Artus - Gérard Pellissier - Olivier Allain 1. Introduction In 2004-2005, KAPPA developed a multiphase option in Saphir NL. This

More information

Analysis of Pressure Rise During Internal Arc Faults in Switchgear

Analysis of Pressure Rise During Internal Arc Faults in Switchgear Analysis of Pressure Rise During Internal Arc Faults in Switchgear ASANUMA, Gaku ONCHI, Toshiyuki TOYAMA, Kentaro ABSTRACT Switchgear include devices that play an important role in operations such as electric

More information

SPE The paper gives a brief description and the experience gained with WRIPS applied to water injection wells. The main

SPE The paper gives a brief description and the experience gained with WRIPS applied to water injection wells. The main SPE 102831 Online Water-Injection Optimization and Prevention of Reservoir Damage Bjørn Øyvind Bringedal, Svein Arne Morud, Nicolas Alexander Hall, ABB; Gary Huseman, Shell Copyright 2006, Society of Petroleum

More information

4 RESERVOIR ENGINEERING

4 RESERVOIR ENGINEERING 4 RESERVOIR ENGINEERING This chapter summarizes the reservoir engineering data and analysis used in the development of the Depletion Plan for the White Rose Field. The data were derived from seismic and

More information

COMPARING HYSTERESIS MODELS FOR RELATIVE PERMEABILITY IN WAG STUDIES

COMPARING HYSTERESIS MODELS FOR RELATIVE PERMEABILITY IN WAG STUDIES COMPARING HYSTERESIS MODELS FOR RELATIVE PERMEABILITY IN WAG STUDIES Johne Alex Larsen and Arne Skauge Norsk Hydro Research Centre1 University of Bergen, Norway ABSTRACT Immiscible WAG have been simulated

More information

CHAPTER 5: VACUUM TEST WITH VERTICAL DRAINS

CHAPTER 5: VACUUM TEST WITH VERTICAL DRAINS CHAPTER 5: VACUUM TEST WITH VERTICAL DRAINS 5.1 Introduction Using surcharging as the sole soil consolidation mean can take a long time to reach the desired soil settlement. Soil consolidation using prefabricated

More information

Computer simulation of Special Core Analysis (SCAL) flow experiments shared on the Internet

Computer simulation of Special Core Analysis (SCAL) flow experiments shared on the Internet Computer simulation of Special Core Analysis (SCAL) flow experiments shared on the Internet J.G. Maas and A.M. Schulte Shell International Exploration and Production B.V., Research and Technical Services,

More information

Visual Observation of Nucleate Boiling and Sliding Phenomena of Boiling Bubbles on a Horizontal Tube Heater

Visual Observation of Nucleate Boiling and Sliding Phenomena of Boiling Bubbles on a Horizontal Tube Heater Proceedings of the 2 nd World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering (MCM'16) Budapest, Hungary August 22 23, 216 Paper No. HTFF 146 DOI:.11159/htff16.146 Visual Observation of Nucleate

More information

DRINKING WATER - LAB EXPERIMENTS LAB EXPERIMENTS. Nanofiltration

DRINKING WATER - LAB EXPERIMENTS LAB EXPERIMENTS. Nanofiltration DRINKING WATER - LAB EXPERIMENTS LAB EXPERIMENTS Nanofiltration nanofiltration lab experiments Framework This module explains the lab experiment on nanofiltration. Contents This module has the following

More information

Quarterly Report for October - December 1999 Stanford Geothermal Program DE-FG07-99ID13763

Quarterly Report for October - December 1999 Stanford Geothermal Program DE-FG07-99ID13763 Quarterly Report for October - December 1999 Stanford Geothermal Program DE-FG07-99ID13763 Table of Contents 1. MEASUREMENTS OF STEAM-WATER RELATIVE PERMEABILITY 1 1.1 BACKGROUND 1 1.2 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

More information

INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF STIMULATION TREATMENT AND CERTAIN PARAMETERS ON GAS WELL DELIVERABILIITY BY USING DIFFERENT ANALYSIS APPROACHES

INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF STIMULATION TREATMENT AND CERTAIN PARAMETERS ON GAS WELL DELIVERABILIITY BY USING DIFFERENT ANALYSIS APPROACHES ISSN 2394 7799 IJAETCS (214) Vol.1, No.1, 1-19 Research Article International Journal of Advancement in Engineering, Technology and Computer Sciences INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF STIMULATION TREATMENT

More information

Optimization of Separator Train in Oil Industry

Optimization of Separator Train in Oil Industry Optimization of Separator Train in Oil Industry Pawan jain a M.E. Petroleum Engineering, Maharashtra Institute of Technology, Pune-411038 ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------

More information

INCLUDING CAPILLARY PRESSURE IN SIMULATIONS OF STEADY STATE RELATIVE PERMEABILITY EXPERIMENTS

INCLUDING CAPILLARY PRESSURE IN SIMULATIONS OF STEADY STATE RELATIVE PERMEABILITY EXPERIMENTS INCLUDING CAPILLARY PRESSURE IN SIMULATIONS OF STEADY STATE RELATIVE PERMEABILITY EXPERIMENTS S. Poulsen(), T. Skauge(2a), S.O. Dyrhol(2b), E. Stenby(), and A. Skauge(3) () Dept of Chemical Engineering,

More information

Memorandum Background: Results and Discussion:

Memorandum Background: Results and Discussion: Memorandum To: Dr. Abercromby From: Jason Rapp and Matthew Stumbo Date: January 17, 2012 Subject: Vacuum Chamber Basics Technical Memo Background: We explored several aspects of vacuum chambers, in preparation

More information

Please note that there was an error in the initial proposal: samples should be nominally 1 inch in diameter (see below).

Please note that there was an error in the initial proposal: samples should be nominally 1 inch in diameter (see below). Test schedule for Inter-lab testing Perm/Strength/Vel... October 9, 2008 from David Lockner Dear colleagues, Here is the revised protocol for Inter-lab testing of Strength/Permeability/Wave

More information

COURSE NUMBER: ME 321 Fluid Mechanics I Fluid statics. Course teacher Dr. M. Mahbubur Razzaque Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering BUET

COURSE NUMBER: ME 321 Fluid Mechanics I Fluid statics. Course teacher Dr. M. Mahbubur Razzaque Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering BUET COURSE NUMBER: ME 321 Fluid Mechanics I Fluid statics Course teacher Dr. M. Mahbubur Razzaque Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering BUET 1 Fluid statics Fluid statics is the study of fluids in

More information

Influence of rounding corners on unsteady flow and heat transfer around a square cylinder

Influence of rounding corners on unsteady flow and heat transfer around a square cylinder Influence of rounding corners on unsteady flow and heat transfer around a square cylinder S. K. Singh Deptt. of Mech. Engg., M. B. M. Engg. College / J. N. V. University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India Abstract

More information

SIMULATION OF ENTRAPMENTS IN LCM PROCESSES

SIMULATION OF ENTRAPMENTS IN LCM PROCESSES Douai, FRANCE - July 6 SIMULATION OF ENTRAPMENTS IN LCM PROCESSES René Arbter, Paolo Ermanni Centre of Structure Technologies ETH Zurich, Leonhardstr. 7, 89 Zurich, Switzerland: rarbter@ethz.ch ABSTRACT:

More information

Impact of relative permeability hysteresis on the numerical simulation of WAG injection

Impact of relative permeability hysteresis on the numerical simulation of WAG injection Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 50 (2006) 115 139 www.elsevier.com/locate/petrol Impact of relative permeability hysteresis on the numerical simulation of WAG injection Elizabeth J. Spiteri,

More information

Numerical Simulations of a Train of Air Bubbles Rising Through Stagnant Water

Numerical Simulations of a Train of Air Bubbles Rising Through Stagnant Water Numerical Simulations of a Train of Air Bubbles Rising Through Stagnant Water Hong Xu, Chokri Guetari ANSYS INC. Abstract Transient numerical simulations of the rise of a train of gas bubbles in a liquid

More information

RELATIVE PERMEABILITIES FOR TWO- AND THREE PHASE FLOW PROCESSES RELEVANT TO THE DEPRESSURIZATION OF THE STATFJORD FIELD

RELATIVE PERMEABILITIES FOR TWO- AND THREE PHASE FLOW PROCESSES RELEVANT TO THE DEPRESSURIZATION OF THE STATFJORD FIELD SCA28-23 /2 RELATIVE PERMEABILITIES FOR TWO- AND THREE PHASE FLOW PROCESSES RELEVANT TO THE DEPRESSURIZATION OF THE STATFJORD FIELD Egil Boye Petersen Jr (), Arild Lohne (2), Kåre O. Vatne (2), Johan Olav

More information

WATER HYDRAULIC HIGH SPEED SOLENOID VALVE AND ITS APPLICATION

WATER HYDRAULIC HIGH SPEED SOLENOID VALVE AND ITS APPLICATION WATER HYDRAULIC HIGH SPEED SOLENOID VALVE AND ITS APPLICATION Akihito MITSUHATA *, Canghai LIU *, Ato KITAGAWA * and Masato KAWASHIMA ** * Department of Mechanical and Control Engineering, Graduate school

More information

PARAMETER BASED SCAL - ANALYSING RELATIVE PERMEABILITY FOR FULL FIELD APPLICATION

PARAMETER BASED SCAL - ANALYSING RELATIVE PERMEABILITY FOR FULL FIELD APPLICATION SCA2014-080 1/12 PARAMETER BASED SCAL - ANALYSING RELATIVE PERMEABILITY FOR FULL FIELD APPLICATION Einar Ebeltoft, Frode Lomeland, Amund Brautaset and Åsmund Haugen Statoil ASA, Stavanger, Norway This

More information

Experimental study on path instability of rising bubbles

Experimental study on path instability of rising bubbles Experimental study on path instability of rising bubbles V. MOTURI, D. FUNFSCHILLING, J. DUSEK ICube, UMR 7357 Mécanique des fluids,2 rue Boussingault,67000,Strasbourg,France. viswa-maitreyi.moturi@etu.unistra.fr

More information