Standalone & EXT Models

Transcription

1 Standalone & EXT Models

2 Table of Contents Introduction...5 Models Covered by this Manual...5 Feature List...5 Turning n...6 Buttons...7 The Main Screen...8 Color Coding...8 The Top Row...9 The Center Row...11 Center Row Configuration...12 The Bottom Row...13 Info Screens...15 Menus...19 pen Circuit Menu Structure...20 Closed Circuit (Int. PP2) Menu Structure...21 Closed Circuit (Ext. PP2) Menu Structure...22 Basic Setup...23 Simple Example Dive...24 Complex Example Dive...25 Gauge Mode...28 Stopwatch...28 Resettable Average Depth...28 Decompression and Gradient Factors...29 Menu Reference...30 Turn ff...30 Calibration...30 Single Sensor Mode...31 Calibration Problems...31 Switch Setpoint...32 Select Gas...33 Radio Station Gases...33 Select Gas Menu Styles...34 Switch to C/CC...35 Dive Setup Low Setpoint...35 High Setpoint Shearwater Research Inc. Revision 1.1.0

3 Table of Contents (continued) Define Gas...37 Dive Planner Conservatism...41 NDL Display...42 External PP2 Monitoring...44 Brightness...45 Dive Log Menu...46 Display Log...46 Upload Log...46 Edit Log Number...46 System Setup Dive Setup...48 Deco Setup...50 C Gases...50 CC Gases Setup...51 Auto SP (Setpoint) Switch...51 Display Setup...52 System Setup...54 Advanced Configuration Advanced Configuration Firmware Upload and Dive Log Download...57 Changing the Battery...58 Battery Types...59 Tissues Cleared...60 Error Displays...61 Storage and Maintenance...63 Servicing...63 Fischer Pin-out...63 Specifications...64 FCC Warning...65 Industry Canada Warning Shearwater Research Inc. Revision 1.1.0

4 DANGER This computer is capable of calculating deco stop requirements. These calculations are at best a guess of the real physiological decompression requirements. Dives requiring staged decompression are substantially more risky than dives that stay well within nostop limits. Diving with rebreathers and/or diving mixed gases and/or performing staged decompression dives and/or diving in overhead environments greatly increases the risk of scuba diving. You really are risking your life with this activity. WARNING This computer has bugs. Although we haven t found them all yet, they are there. It is certain that there are things that this computer does that either we didn t think about, or planned for it to do something different. Never risk your life on only one source of information. Use a second computer or tables. If you choose to make riskier dives, obtain the proper training and work up to them slowly to gain experience. This computer will fail. It is not whether it will fail but when it will fail. Do not depend on it. Always have a plan on how to handle failures. Automatic systems are no substitute for knowledge and training. No technology will keep you alive. Knowledge, skill, and practiced procedures are your best defense (Except for not doing the dive, of course). 4 Shearwater Research Inc. Revision 1.1.0

5 Introduction The Shearwater Petrel is an advanced technical diving computer for open and closed circuit divers. Although we strive to make the Petrel easy enough to use without reading the manual, please take some time to read this manual to get the best performance from your new computer. Diving involves risk and education is your best tool for managing this risk. Models Covered by this Manual This manual provides operating instructions for the Petrel Standalone (SA) and Petrel External (EXT) models. For instructions on the Petrel rebreather controller models using DiveCAN communications, see the Shearwater DiveCAN Petrel Manual. Feature List Depth, time and oxygen sensor display Bühlmann decompression model with gradient factors conservatism ptional VPM-B decompression model Imperial and metric displays Available in Standalone (SA) model and External (EXT) PP2 monitoring model A menu system that adapts to diving status Automatic turn off after 15 minutes on the surface Depth sensor rated to 450 feet/140 meters of seawater Dive Planner Any combination of oxygen, nitrogen, and helium (Air, Nitrox, Trimix) pen and closed circuit, switchable during a dive 5 CC and 5 C gases Gases can be changed and added during a dive CNS tracking No lockout from violating deco stops Automatic PP2 set-point switching (configurable) Two PP2 set-points, each of which can be set between.4 and 1.5 Flexible user replaceable battery. Almost any AA type 1000 hour dive log memory Log downloads and firmware upgrades using Bluetooth 5 Shearwater Research Inc. Revision 1.1.0

6 Turning n To turn the Petrel on, press both the MENU (left) and the SELECT (right) buttons at the same time. 6 Shearwater Research Inc. Revision 1.1.0

7 Buttons Two piezo-electric buttons are used to change settings and view menus. Except for turning the Petrel on, all operations are simple single button presses. Don t worry about remembering all the button rules below. Button hints make using the Petrel easy. MENU button (Left) From main screen: brings up the menu. In a menu: moves to the next menu item. Editing a setting: changes the setting s value. SELECT button (Right) From main screen: steps through information screens. In a menu: performs command or starts editing. Editing a setting: saves the setting s value. BTH BUTTNS When Petrel is off: pressing MENU and SELECT at the same time will turn the Petrel on. No other operation requires pressing both buttons at the same time. Button Hints When in a menu, button hints label each button. For example, the hints to the right tell us: use MENU to change the brightness value. use SELECT to save the current value. 7 Shearwater Research Inc. Revision 1.1.0

8 The Main Screen Top Row Depth, Time & Deco Stops Center Row PP2 Bottom Row Mode, Gas & Deco Info The main screen shows the most important information needed for technical diving. Color Coding Color coding of text draws attention to problems or unsafe situations. White text indicates normal conditions. YELLW is used for warnings that are not immediately dangerous but should be addressed. FLASHING RED is used for critical alerts that could be life threatening if not immediately addressed. Color Blind Users The warning or critical alert states can be determined without the use of color. Warnings display on a solid inverted background. Critical alerts flash between inverted and normal text. 8 Shearwater Research Inc. Revision 1.1.0

9 The Top Row The top row shows depth and time information Depth Imperial: In feet (no decimal places). Metric: In meters (displays with 1 decimal place up to 99.9m) Note: If the depth shows a Flashing Red zero, then the depth sensor needs service. DEPTH 229 DEPTH 69.7 in feet in meters Ascent Bar Graph Shows how fast you are currently ascending. Imperial: 1 arrow per 10 feet per minute (fpm) of ascent rate. Metric: 1 arrow per 3 meters per minute (mpm) of ascent rate. White when 1 to 3 arrows, Yellow when 4 to 5 arrows, and Flashes Red when 6 arrows or more. Note: Deco calculations assume 33fpm (10mpm) ascent rate. 30 fpm 9 mpm 50 fpm 15 mpm 60+ fpm 15+ mpm Dive Time The length of the current dive in minutes. The seconds display as a bar drawn below the word Time. It takes 15 seconds to underline each character in the word. Does not display the seconds bar when not diving. Battery Icon Yellow when the battery needs to be changed. Red when the battery must be replaced immediately. The default behavior is that battery icon is shown on the surface but disappears when diving. If low or critical then the battery icon will appear while diving. TIME 25 TIME 25 in minutes seconds bar at about 45s K low battery change now! 9 Shearwater Research Inc. Revision 1.1.0

10 Stop Depth and Time Stop The next stop depth in the current units (feet or meters). This is the shallowest depth to which you can ascend. Time The time in minutes to hold the stop. Will Flash Red if you ascend shallower than the current stop. By default the Petrel uses a 10ft (3m) last stop depth. At this setting, you may perform the last stop at 20ft (6m) with no penalty. The only difference is that the predicted time-to-surface will be shorter than the actual TTS since off-gasing is occurring slower than expected. STP TIME 9 2 Stop at 90ft for 2 min Alert - depth is shallower than the 90ft stop depth There is also an option to set the last stop to 20ft (6m) if you wish. Surface Interval When on the surface, the STP DEPTH and TIME are replaced by a surface interval display. Shows the hours and minutes since the end of your last dive. Above 4 days, the surface interval is displayed in days. SURFACE 2hr 45mn The surface interval is reset when the decompression tissues are cleared. See the section on Tissues Cleared. Sample surface main screen showing the surface interval 10 Shearwater Research Inc. Revision 1.1.0

11 The Center Row The center row displays PP2. PP2 units are absolute atmospheres (1ata = 1013mbar). The layout varies depending on the current mode: Mode Menu Setup Center Row Display pen Circuit GasP C Gas Closed Circuit with Internal PP2 Setpoints 1.3 CC Internal Setpoint Closed Circuit with External PP2 Monitoring (nly available on EXT model) CC External Measured In CC mode, PP2 displays in Flashing Red when less than 0.40 or greater than 1.6. In C mode, PP2 displays in Flashing Red when less than 0.19 or greater than The above limits can be adjusted in the Adv. Config 2 menu. 11 Shearwater Research Inc. Revision 1.1.0

12 Center Row Configuration In most modes, the center row displays can be customized. Configure the center row in the System Setup Center Row Menu. The left and right positions can be set to display the following: ption None Max Depth Avg Ceil GF99 CNS Clock DET Dil PP2 Fi2 Description Blank (default value). The maximum depth of the current or previous dive. The average depth of the current or previous dive. The TTS if remaining at current depth for 5 more minutes. The current decompression ceiling (not rounded to the stop interval). The Bühlmann ZHL-16C super-saturation percent gradient. Central Nervous System (CNS) toxicity clock as a percentage. The time-of-day in 24hr or am/pm format (same as system setting). Does not show am or pm. Dive End Time. The time-of-day when the dive will end (i.e. Clock plus TTS). In 24hr or am/pm format (same as system setting). Does not show am or pm. The diluent PP2 at the current depth (nly available when CC is available). The fraction of inspired 2 as a percentage (nly available when CC or SC is available). The center position can only display PP2. In C only mode, the PP2 display can optionally be turned off. Unfortunately, customization is not possible when using External PP2 monitoring of three 2 sensors, as all the space is already used. 12 Shearwater Research Inc. Revision 1.1.0

13 The Bottom Row The bottom row displays the current mode, gas and decompression information. Circuit Mode The current breathing configuration. ne of: C = pen circuit (when CC available, displays Yellow to indicate bailout condition) CC = Closed circuit SC = Semi-closed circuit (only available on EXT model) Current Gas (2/He) The current gas shown as a percentage of xygen and Helium. The remainder of the gas is assumed to be Nitrogen. In closed circuit mode, this gas is the diluent. In open circuit mode this is the breathing gas. Displays in Yellow when there is better deco gas available than the current gas. No Decompression Limit (NDL) The time remaining, in minutes, at the current depth until decompression stops will be necessary. Displays in Yellow when the NDL is less than 5 minutes. nce NDL reaches 0 (i.e. deco stops needed), the NDL display is just wasting space. To address this, a few different values can be set to replace the NDL (see Dive Setup NDL Display). The options are: CEIL: The current ceiling in the current units (feet or meters). Flashes Red if you ascend shallower than the current ceiling. C or C CC SC 2/HE 21/ 2/HE 10/5 2/HE 21/ NDL 2 NDL 5 CEIL 74 21% 2 Air { 79% N2 Tx { 10% 2 50% He 40% N2 a better deco gas available 13 Shearwater Research Inc. Revision 1.1.0

14 GF99: The raw percentage of the Bühlmann allowable supersaturation at the current The predicted time-to-surface (TTS) if you were to stay at the current depth for 5 more minutes. GF99 2 Time-to-Surface (TTS) The time-to-surface in minutes. This is the current time to ascend to the surface including the ascent plus all required deco stops. TTS 35 Assumes: Ascent rate of 33 feet per minute (10 meters per minute). Decompression stops will be followed. Programmed gases will be used as appropriate. The bottom row is also used to show additional information. By using only the bottom row for this additional information, the critical information contained on the Top and Center Rows is always available during a dive. The additional information that can be displayed on the bottom row includes: Info Screens: Menus: Warnings: Shows additional dive information. Press SELECT (right button) to step through info screens. Allows changing settings. Press MENU (left button) to enter menus. Provide important alerts. Press SELECT (right button) to clear a warning. The bottom row is used to display additional information 14 Shearwater Research Inc. Revision 1.1.0

15 Info Screens Info screens display on the bottom row. Press SELECT (right) button to step through the info screens. SELECT button SELECT button SELECT button Info screens provide additional information that does not fit on the main screen. Starting from the main screen, the SELECT (right) button steps through the info screens. When all info screens have been viewed, pressing SELECT again will return to the main screen. Info screens time-out after 10 seconds, returning to the main screen. Pressing the MENU (left) button will also return to the main screen. The info screen content is optimized for each mode. Set the Petrel to the mode you will be using (e.g. C) and step through the info screens to get familiar with the content. The next section describes the individual values shown on the info screens. 15 Shearwater Research Inc. Revision 1.1.0

16 Average Depth Displays the average depth of the current dive, updated once per second. When not diving, shows the average depth of the last dive. Average Depth in Atmospheres (AvgATM) The average depth of the current dive, measured in absolute atmospheres (i.e. a value of 1.0 at sea level). When not diving, shows the average depth of the last dive. Maximum Depth The maximum depth of the current dive. When not diving, displays the maximum depth of the last dive. CNS Toxicity Percentage Central Nervous System oxygen toxicity loading percentage. Flashes Red when 100 or greater. The CNS percentage is calculated continuously, even when on the surface and turned off. When deco tissues are reset, the CNS will also be reset. PP2 (average PP2) nly relevant when external PP2 monitoring is used, since other modes already show PP2 on the center row. The purpose of this value is to show what PP2 is actually being used for decompression calculations. AVG 5ft AvgATM 2.52 MAX 26ft CNS 11 CNS 1 PP2.98 When three external sensors are used, the Petrel votes on the three measured values to decide what is the most likely true PP2. This value shows the result of the voting. Also, when using external sensors and you have bailed out to C, the center row continues to display the external measured PP2. Use this info display to see the C PP2. In CC mode, displays in Flashing Red when less than 0.40 or greater than 1.6. In C mode, displays in Flashing Red when less than 0.19 or greater than PP2.36 PP Shearwater Research Inc. Revision 1.1.0

17 Diluent PP2 nly displayed in CC mode. Displays in Flashing Red when the partial pressure of the diluent is less than 0.19 or greater than DilPP2.99 When performing a manual diluent flush, you can check this value to see what the expected PP2 will be at the current depth. Fraction Inspired 2 (Fi2) The fraction of the breathing gas composed of 2. This value is independent of pressure. Fi2.42 Tissues Bar Graph The tissues bar graph shows the tissue compartment inert gas tissue tensions based on the Bühlmann ZHL-16C model. Note that VPM-B also tracks tensions in the same way. The fastest tissue compartment is shown on the top, and the slowest on the bottom. Each bar is the combined sum of the nitrogen and helium inert gas tensions. Pressure increases to the right. The vertical black line shows the inert gas inspired pressure. The boundary between the green and yellow zones is the ambient pressure. The boundary between the yellow and red zone in the ZHL-16C M-Value pressure. Note that the scale for each tissue compartment above the green zone is different. The reason the bars are scaled in this way is so that the tissues tensions can be visualized in terms of risk (i.e. how close they are as a percentage to Bühlmann's original super-saturation limits). Also, this scale changes with depth, since the M-Value line also changes with depth. 16 tissue compartments Inspired inert M-Value pressure gas pressure Ambient pressure Increasing pressure 17 Shearwater Research Inc. Some Sample Tissues Graphs n surface (sat. with air) After descent n-gassing Last deco stop Revision 1.1.0

18 Gradient Factor: The deco conservatism value when the deco model is set to GF. The low and high gradient factors control the conservatism of the Bühlmann GF algorithm. See Clearing up the Confusion About Deep Stops by Erik Baker. VPM-B (and VPM-BG): The deco conservatism value when the deco model is set to VPM-B. If the deco model is VPM-B/GFS, also displays the gradient factor for surfacing. Pressure: The pressure in millibars. Two values are shown, the surface (surf) pressure and the current (now) pressure. The current pressure is only shown on the surface. The surface pressure is set when the Petrel is turned on. If the Altitude setting is set to SeaLvl, then surface pressure is always 1013 millibars. Temperature: The current temperature in degrees Fahrenheit (when depth in feet) or degrees Celsius (when depth in meters). Battery: The Petrel s internal battery voltage. Displays in Yellow when the battery is low and needs replacement. Displays in Flashing Red when the battery is critically low and must be replaced as soon as possible. Millivolts: The raw millivolt readings from the PP2 sensors. nly available when external PP2 monitoring is used. Date and Time: In the format dd-mon-yy 12 or 24 hour clock time. Serial Number & Version: Each Petrel has a unique serial number. The version number indicates the available features. The last two numbers are the firmware version (V37 in this image). 3/85 GF Pressure mbar SURF113 NW111 BATTERY 3.7V LiIon 73 F 3.99V MilliVolts Date VPM-B +3 VPM-BG +3/90 TEMP 28-Jun-12 16:31 SERIAL N 1234ABCD Time Date Time 28-Jun-12 4:31pm Version Shearwater Research Inc. Revision 1.1.0

19 Menus Press MENU (left) button to step through the menus. Press SELECT (right) button to execute command or enter sub-menu. Menus display on the bottom row. MENU button SELECT button Petrel Turns ff MENU button MENU button SELECT button Enter Select Gas sub-menu Menus perform actions and allow settings to be changed Starting from the main screen, pressing the MENU (left) button steps through the menus. When all menus have been viewed, pressing MENU again will return to the main screen. Pressing the SELECT (right) button when a menu is displayed, either performs that action or enters a sub-menu. If no buttons are pushed for 1 minute, the menu system will time-out, returning to the main screen. Anything that had been previously saved will be retained. Anything that was in the middle of editing will be discarded. Adaptive Menus nly menus necessary for the current mode are shown. This keeps operation simple, prevents mistakes, and reduces buttons presses. 19 Shearwater Research Inc. Revision 1.1.0

20 The following sections show the menu structure in various operating modes. pen Circuit Menu Structure Main Screen Surface only Turn ff Select Gas Sub-Menus Dive Setup+ Define Gas Dive Planner+ Conserv. NDL Display Brightness Surface only Dive Log+ Display Log Upload Log Edit Log Number Surface only System Setup+ Dive Setup Deco Setup C Gases Display Setup Center Row System Setup Advanced Config 20 Shearwater Research Inc. Revision 1.1.0

21 Closed Circuit (Int. PP2) Menu Structure Main Screen Surface only Turn ff Switch.7 > 1.3 Select Gas Switch CC > C Sub-Menus Surface only Surface only Dive Setup+ Dive Log+ System Setup+ Edit Low SP Edit High SP Define Gas Display Log Upload Log Edit Log Number Dive Setup Deco Setup Center Row C Gases 21 Shearwater Research Inc. Dive Planner+ Conserv. NDL Display PP2 Mode Brightness CC Gases Auto SP Switch Display Setup System Setup Advanced Config Revision 1.1.0

22 Closed Circuit (Ext. PP2) Menu Structure Main Screen Surface only Surface only Turn ff Calibrate Select Gas Switch CC > C Sub-Menus Dive Setup+ Define Gas Dive Planner+ Conserv. NDL Display PP2 Mode Brightness 22 Surface only Surface only Dive Log+ System Setup+ Display Log Upload Log Edit Log Number CC Gases Dive Setup 2 Setup Deco Setup Display Setup Center Row System Setup C Gases Advanced Config Shearwater Research Inc. Revision 1.1.0

23 Basic Setup Before using the computer there are several things that need to be configured. This is not an exhaustive list of the pre-requisites for diving the system, but a suggestion of key tasks. n a system with external oxygen sensors, calibrate the oxygen sensors. In the System Setup menu set the units to metric or imperial, also set the date and time. Depending on the model of computer, enter the gases that you will use for the closed circuit portion of your dive, and/or enter the gases for you will use for open circuit. The system will use the gases that are available in the order of oxygen content during the Time To Surface (TTS) prediction. The system will use the next available gas that has a PP2 of less than 1.0 for closed circuit diving. If the computer is in open circuit or is switched to open circuit during a dive, the system will calculate the TTS based on the configured open circuit gases that are available. It will use the next available gas that has a PP2 of less than 1.6 for open circuit diving. NTE: These gases are used automatically only for TTS predictions. The gas used to calculate the current tissue load and the current ceiling is always the gas actually selected by the diver. 23 Shearwater Research Inc. Revision 1.1.0

24 Simple Example Dive Here is an example of a simple C air dive. It will help to introduce the screen displays as the diver progresses, the dive starts, the depth increases. The display is showing the computer programmed for open circuit (C) air. As we pass through 30 feet, the time-to-surface (TTS) shows one minute. This shows that the computer is expecting the diver to ascend at approximately 30 feet per minute or 10 meters per minute. The dive predictions are based on this ascent rate. The no-decompression limit (NDL) starts off showing 99, but then starts to show a smaller number as the depth increases. The 3rd screen shows that we will go into deco in 12 minutes. We have now entered decompression. ur first stop, or ceiling, is at 20 feet and we will need to remain there for up to one minute. Although stops are shown in minutes, the computer will calculate and change the ceiling in real time and the stop may be less than a minute. As we ascend, the ascent rate indicator shows about 20 fpm or 6 mpm. When we go shallower than our first stop, the stop depth starts to flash red. DEPTH TIME SURFACE 4hr39mn GasPP2.21 2/HE NDL TTS C 21/ /HE NDL TTS C 21/ GasPP2.9 2/HE NDL TTS C 21/ GasPP2.97 2/HE NDL TTS C 21/ GasPP2.34 2/HE NDL TTS C 21/ GasPP2.33 2/HE NDL TTS C 21/ When we clear the last stop, the stop depth and time goes blank, and now we see a NDL of 99 minutes again. nce we surface, the depth is 0 and a minute later when the computer comes out of dive mode, the NDL goes to 0 as well GasPP2.27 2/HE NDL TTS C 21/ 99 Shearwater Research Inc. Revision 1.1.0

25 Complex Example Dive This is an example of the displays that might be seen on a dive. This example shows a complicated dive with multiple Closed Circuit (CC) gases and multiple pen Circuit (C) bailout gases. A normal, single gas CC or C dive wouldn t have any button pushes at all, so there isn t much to show. The first step is to calibrate. Since we are on the surface and not diving, MENU will bring up Turn ff, then Calibrate. nce the loop is flushed with oxygen, SELECT will bring up the confirmation display, and another SELECT will calibrate. DEPTH TIME SURFACE Calibrate Cal. millivolts F2=.98 Cancel Calibrate DEPTH TIME SURFACE /HE NDL TTS CC 21/ Next, we check the closed circuit diluent gases that we have programmed. Entering the gas selection function by pressing SELECT with the Select Gas menu item showing will display the first CC gas that is available. MENU will increment to the next gas available. Another MENU takes us back to the Select Gas menu item. Those are the only two gases configured. We SELECT gas number 2, the Trimix 10/ Select Gas Set A1 CC 21/ Next Gas Select Set 2 CC 1/5 Cancel Select The system will use both of these gases for our dive when calculating the TTS. It assumes a diluent switch at a PP2 of That means that it will assume that you have switched to an air diluent at 124 feet. This is only for the TTS prediction. The computer will always use the currently selected gas for tissue loading calculations. Then we switch to open circuit to look at our bail-out gases. Flipping through the gases with MENU shows that we have three gases available. (Whether they are appropriate gases is a subject for one of the web forums.) Set A1 C 99/ Next Gas Select Set 2 C 5/2 Next Gas Select Set 3 C 14/55 Cancel Select 25 Shearwater Research Inc. Revision 1.1.0

26 These are the gases that will be used to estimate TTS in the event that you switch to open circuit during a dive. In C mode, the computer will assume that you will switch gases when the PP2 of the next available gas is less than 1.6. Automatic decisions of when to switch gases for the TTS calculation means that it is very easy to set up your CC and C gases. There is no need to enter a depth or a PP2 to switch gas. Any gases that are turned on will be used in the decompression calculation. If a gas is available in the CC gas list, (entered and turned on),it will be used in CC, and it will be used at an appropriate depth. The same is true for C. It is always configured correctly if you are actually carrying the gases you have entered and turned on. If it is necessary to switch to C while diving, 4 button pushes will do it. You will be switched to C and will be using the gas that has the highest PP2 less than Your C gas list is likely very different from your diluent gas list, but you set it up before the dive so it is immediately available in the case of a bail-out. Now switch back to closed circuit and start the dive Switch C > CC /HE NDL TTS CC 1/5 We have reached a depth now that will incur decompression soon. The NDL is 8 minutes, and the TTS is 4 minutes. The TTS is showing the planned ascent time at 30 fpm. The computer has automatically switched to the high setpoint. This can be disabled if automatic setpoint switching isn t required. We are now at our maximum depth. ur first stop is at 90 feet. The diver is ascending to the 90 foot stop. Note the ascent rate indicator showing a 20 fpm / 6 mpm ascent rate. The Petrel assumes a 30 fpm ascent rate in calculating the decompression schedule. Since the diver ascended slower than was predicted, there is now a 100 foot stop /HE NDL TTS CC 1/ /HE NDL TTS CC 1/ /HE NDL TTS CC 1/ Shearwater Research Inc. Revision 1.1.0

27 But the diver missed the stop, and has ascended to 95 feet. At this point, the stop depth and time is flashing red to show that the depth is above the recommended stop. The diver switches to the other programmed CC gas. Note that if you change the diluent on the computer you must flush the loop to change the diluent in the loop. At the same time the 100 foot stop clears. It is common for the first stops to clear in less than a minute. They mainly just slow down the ascent. At 60 feet a problem develops that causes the diver to bail out to open circuit. The first push on MENU brings up Select Gas. The second push brings up Switch CC > C. A push on SELECT does the switch. Note that C displays in Yellow to clearly indicate that this is a C bailout condition. The system has switched the gas set from the closed circuit gas set to the open circuit gas set, picked the gas with the highest PP2 less than 1.6, and recalculated the decompression based on the new profile. At 20 feet, one push on MENU brings up select gas. A push on SELECT enters the select gas menu, and another SELECT picks the 2. Since the gases are sorted by oxygen content, the 2 is the first gas offered. This was a multi-gas trimix dive with a multi-gas open circuit bailout, and it required 9 button pushes /HE NDL TTS CC 1/ /HE NDL TTS CC 21/ Select Gas Switch CC > C /HE NDL TTS C 5/ /HE NDL TTS Select Gas Set 1 C 99/ Cancel Select 27 Shearwater Research Inc. Revision 1.1.0

28 Gauge Mode Gauge Mode turns the Petrel into a simple depth and time display (a.k.a. a bottom timer). Change to Gauge Mode in the System Setup Dive Setup menu. Since decompression tissues are not tracked in Gauge Mode, changing to or from Gauge Mode resets the deco tissues. Features: Extra-Large Depth Display (in feet or meters) Extra-Large Time Display (in minutes:seconds) Maximum and Average Depth on main screen. Stopwatch Resettable Average Depth Gauge - Surface Display The Gauge display is organized as. Depths along the left. Times along the right. Most important information (Depth, Dive Time) on the top row. Stopwatch The Stopwatch is only available in Gauge Mode. Gauge - Dive Display When diving, starting or stopping the Stopwatch is the first menu option. When stopped, the word Stopwatch displays in red. When non-zero, the stopwatch can be reset. Reset behavior depends on state: If running when reset, it continues running, counting up again from 0. If stopped when reset, then it is set 0 and remains stopped. Stopwatch Running Resettable Average Depth During a dive, the average depth can be reset. While on the surface, the MAX and AVG values display the maximum and average depth of the last dive. The AVG depth displayed on the surface is for the entire dive, regardless of whether the reset average depth option was used. The dive log also records the average depth for the entire dive. Stopwatch Stopped 28 Shearwater Research Inc. Revision 1.1.0

29 Decompression and Gradient Factors The basic decompression algorithm used for the computer is Bühlmann ZHL-16C. It has been modified by the use of Gradient Factors that were developed by Erik Baker. We have used his ideas to create our own code to implement it. We would like to give credit to Erik for his work in education about decompression algorithms, but he is in no way responsible for the code we have written. The computer implements Gradient Factors by using levels of conservatism. The levels of conservatism are pairs of number like 30/70. For a more detailed explanation of their meaning, please refer to Erik Baker s excellent articles: Clearing Up The Confusion About Deep Stops and Understanding M-values. The articles are readily available on the web. You might also want to search for Gradient Factors on the web. The default of the system is 30/70. The system provides several settings that are more aggressive than the default. Don t use the system until you understand how it works. Graph from Erik Baker s Clearing Up The Confusion About Deep Stops 29 Shearwater Research Inc. Revision 1.1.0

30 Menu Reference Turn ff The Turn ff item puts the computer to sleep. While sleeping, the screen is blank, but the tissue contents are maintained for repetitive diving. The Turn ff menu item will not appear during a dive on any model. It will also not appear after a dive until the End Dive Delay Time has expired to allow for a continuation dive. Calibration The Calibrate menu is only available on the Petrel EXT model. It will only appear when in CC mode with the PP2 mode set to Ext. This menu calibrates the mv output from the oxygen sensors to PP2. Upon selecting the calibration menu, the screen will show: Top row: Millivolt (mv) readings from the 3 2 sensors. Middle row: PP2 values (using the previous calibration). Bottom row: The calibration gas fraction of 2 (F2). If you need to change the calibration gas F2, do this in the System Setup 2 Setup menu. After flooding the breathing loop with the calibration gas (typically pure oxygen), press the SELECT button to perform the calibration. Good sensors should be in the range of mv at sea level in 100% oxygen, so a sensor will fail calibration if not in the range of 30mV to 70 mv. This allowable range scales automatically with changes to F2 and barometric pressure. A millivolt reading is shown in yellow if outside the allowable range. nce the calibration completes, a report will be shown. This shows which sensors passed calibration, and the value of the expected PP2 based on barometric pressure and the F Turn ff Calibrate Cal. millivolts F2=.98 Cancel Calibrate FAIL 2/HE NDL TTS CC 21/ Back at the main screen, the displays should now all read the expected PP2. For example, if F2 is 0.98 and barometric pressure is 1013 mbar (1 ata), then PP2 will be If any display shows FAIL, the calibration has failed because the mv reading is out of range. The Calibrate menu item will not display during a dive. 30 Shearwater Research Inc. Revision 1.1.0

31 Single Sensor Mode A single external 2 sensor may be used. To enter this mode, perform the calibration with only the middle sensor connected. The Petrel will see that only one sensor is connected, and automatically switch to single sensor mode. Calibration Problems ne sensor displays FAIL after calibration This could indicate a bad sensor. It has failed because the mv output was not in range. The sensor could be old or damaged, and should be inspected. Damage and corrosion to wires or connectors is also a common problem. Fix the problem and recalibrate before diving. Cal. millivolts F2=.98 Cancel Calibrate.98 2/HE NDL TTS CC 21/ FAIL 2/HE NDL TTS CC 21/ All sensors display FAIL after calibration This could be caused by an accidentally unplugged cable or a damaged cable or connector. Also, accidentally performing the calibration in air or without a proper oxygen flush could cause this problem. A failed calibration can only be fixed by performing a successful calibration. FAIL FAIL FAIL 2/HE NDL TTS CC 21/ PP2 does not show 0.98 after calibration If you use a calibration F2 setting of 0.98 and are at sea level, you probably expect the calibrated PP2 to show Sometimes you might correctly get a different value like 0.96 or This is because weather causes minor changes in barometric pressure. For example, say a low-pressure weather system has reduced the normal (1013mbar) barometric pressure to 990mbar. The PP2 in absolute atmospheres is then 0.98 * (990/1013) = The 0.96 PP2 result is, in this case, correct. At high altitudes, the difference between F2 and PP2 will be even larger. To see the current pressure, start at the main screen and press the SELECT button a few times (displays as Pressure mbar NW). 31 Shearwater Research Inc /HE NDL TTS CC 21/ PRESSURE mbar SURF 99 NW 99 Revision 1.1.0

32 Switch Setpoint This menu is only available in CC mode when PP2 mode is set to Int. (internal). The internal PP2 mode is used to calculate decompression for a unconnected rebreather. In this case, the setpoints are switched in the computer to approximate the rebreather setpoint. During a dive the Switch Setpoint menu item will be the first item displayed, since the Turn ff and Calibrate displays are disabled when diving. Pressing SELECT when this menu is displayed changes the PP2 setpoint from the low setpoint to the high setpoint or vice-versa. To redefine the PP2 value of a setpoint, use the Dive Setup menu. DEPTH TIME SURFACE.7 Switch.7 > 1.3 DEPTH TIME SURFACE 1.3 2/HE NDL TTS CC 1/5 22 This menu item performs a manual switching of PP2 setpoint. In the System Setup Auto SP Switch menu, the Petrel can be setup to automatically perform setpoint switches at programmable depths. When auto setpoint switches are enabled, this menu item is still available to provide manual control. 32 Shearwater Research Inc. Revision 1.1.0

33 Select Gas This menu item allows you to pick a gas from the gases you have created. The selected gas will be used either as the breathing gas in open circuit mode, or the diluent in closed circuit mode. Gases are always sorted from most to least oxygen content. Use the MENU button to increment to the desired diluent/gas, then press the SELECT button to select that diluent/gas. If you increment past the number of gases available, the display will fall back out of the Select Gas display without changing the selected gas. An A will appear next to the currently active gas. A gas that is off will be shown in magenta, but can still be selected. It will be turned on automatically if it is selected. ff gases are not used in decompression calculations. DEPTH TIME SURFACE Select Gas DEPTH TIME SURFACE A1 CC n 21/ Next Gas DEPTH TIME SURFACE Next Gas Select CC n 1/5 Select DEPTH TIME SURFACE CC ff 1/5 Next Gas Select Radio Station Gases For computer models that support open circuit and closed circuit operation, the system maintains two sets of gases - one for open circuit and one for closed circuit. The way they operate is very similar to the way car radios work with AM and FM stations. When you are listening to an FM station and you push a station selection button, it will take you to another FM station. If you add a new station, it will be an FM station. Similarly, if you are in the AM mode, adding or deleting a station would add or delete an AM station. With radio station gases, when you are in open circuit, adding, deleting or selecting a gas will refer to an open circuit gas. Just like the FM stations are selected when your radio is in FM mode, the closed circuit gases are available in the closed circuit mode. When you switch to open circuit, the gases available will be open circuit gases. 33 Shearwater Research Inc. Revision 1.1.0

34 Select Gas Menu Styles Two styles of Select Gas menus are available, Classic and New. Change between the two styles in the Adv. Config 1 menu. Classic Style Select Gas The classic Select Gas style is as described on the previous page. ne gas is shown at a time. Press MENU to step through gases, and SELECT to select the shown gas. Gases are sorted from highest 2% to lowest 2%. Stepping past the last gas will exit the menu without changing the active gas. Upon entering the Select Gas menu, the first gas shown is always the highest 2% gas. Classic Select Gas New Style Select Gas The new style makes visualizing the gas list easier. It also reduces button presses for deco gas switches. Shows all gases on the screen at once. Press MENU to step through gases, and SELECT to select the pointed to gas. A gas must be selected to exit the menu (scrolling past last gas wraps back to first gas). The active gas is shown with a white background. Turned off gases are shown in magneta (purple). Gases are sorted from highest 2% to lowest 2%. When diving and there is a deco stop, the first gas pointed to will be the most appropriate gas (highest PP2 less than 1.61). This reduces button presses in most cases. n the surface or when no deco stops are needed, the first gas pointed to will be the active gas. New Style Select Gas ff Gases are Magenta Active Gas is White 34 Shearwater Research Inc. Revision 1.1.0

35 Switch to C/CC Depending on the current computer setting, this selection will show as either Switch CC > C or Switch C > CC. Pressing SELECT will select the displayed mode for decompression calculations. When switching to open circuit while diving, the most appropriate open circuit gas will become the breathing gas for calculations. At this point, the diver may want to switch to a different gas, but since the diver may have other things to deal with, the computer will make a best guess of which gas the diver would choose. n computers with external oxygen sensor monitoring, there is also an option to set the computer to calculate decompression predictions using semi-closed circuit. This is enabled in the System Setup menu. You can also switch to from CC to C on a fixed PP2 model. In that case, the computer will use the user entered high and low setpoints. Dive Setup+ The Dive Setup menus are available both on the surface and when diving. The values in Dive Setup+ can also be accessed in the Systems Setup+ menu, but the System Setup+ menu is not available when diving. Pressing SELECT will enter the Dive Setup sub-menu. Low Setpoint This item allows you to set the low setpoint value. It will display the currently selected value. Values from 0.4 to 1.5 are allowed. A press of MENU will increment the setpoint. Press the SELECT button when Edit Low SP is displayed and the edit display will be shown. It is set at the lowest valid value for setpoint, Shearwater Research Inc. DEPTH TIME Surface 2Hr 45Mn Switch CC > C DEPTH TIME Surface Switch C > CC 2Hr 45Mn DEPTH TIME Surface Switch C > SC 2Hr 45Mn DEPTH TIME Surface 1.3 Switch CC > C 2Hr 45Mn DEPTH TIME Surface Dive Setup+ 2Hr 45Mn DEPTH TIME Surface 2Hr 45Mn Edit Low SP.7 Next DEPTH TIME Surface Change Edit 2Hr 45Mn Edit Low SP.4 Save Revision 1.1.0

36 Another press of MENU will increment it again. If SELECT is pushed, the currently displayed setpoint will be selected, and the display will return to the Edit Low SP menu item. If the highest allowable value, 1.5, has been passed, the value will return to 0.4. DEPTH TIME Surface 2Hr 45Mn Edit Low SP.5 Change DEPTH TIME Surface Next Save 2Hr 45Mn Edit Low SP 1.5 Edit High Setpoint The high setpoint function works exactly like the low setpoint function. DEPTH TIME Surface 2Hr 45Mn Edit High SP 1.3 Next Edit 36 Shearwater Research Inc. Revision 1.1.0

37 Define Gas The function allows you to set up 5 gases in Closed Circuit and 5 gases in pen Circuit. You must be in pen Circuit to edit open circuit gases, and you must be in Closed Circuit to edit closed circuit diluents. For each gas, you can select the percentage of oxygen and helium in the gas. The remainder is assumed to be nitrogen. Pushing SELECT when Define Gas is displayed presents the function to define gas number 1. Pushing the MENU button will display the next gas. Pushing SELECT will allow you to edit the current gas. The gas contents are edited one digit at a time. The underline will show you the digit being edited. Each push of the MENU button will increment the digit being edited. When the digit reaches 9, it will roll over to 0. Pushing SELECT will lock in the current digit, and move on to the next digit. Pushing SELECT on the last digit will finish editing that gas, and bring you back to the gas number. Any gases that have both oxygen and helium set to 00 will not be displayed in the Select Gas function. 37 Shearwater Research Inc. Define Gas Next Define 1 C n 99/ Next Gas Next Gas Change Change Change Change 2% 2% HE% HE% Edit 2 C n 5/ Edit 2 C n 5/ Next 2 C n 5/ Next 2 C n 5/ Next 2 C n 5/ Save Revision 1.1.0

38 Pushing MENU will continue to increment the gas number. Note: The A denotes the active gas. You cannot delete the active gas. If you try, it will generate an error. You can edit it, but cannot set both the 2 and HE to 00. The computer will display all 5 gas entries available to allow you to enter new gases. Pressing MENU one more time when the fifth gas is displayed will return you to the Define Gas menu item. 2 C n 5/ Change Next Gas Done HE% Save A3 C n 14/55 Edit 5 C n / Edit nly turn-on gases you are carrying nly turn on the gases you are actually carrying on the dive. With radio station gases, the computer has a full picture of the C and CC gases you are carrying and can make informed predictions about decompression times. There is no need to turn gases off and on when you switch from CC to C, because the computer already knows what the gas sets are. You should have the CC and C gases you are actually carrying turned on. If you often use other gases, but not on this dive, you can enter the gas and turn it off. You can turn gases on and off during a dive and you can also add or remove a gas during the dive if needed. 38 Shearwater Research Inc. Revision 1.1.0

39 Dive Planner+ INTRDUCTIN Calculates decompression profiles for simple dives. In closed-circuit (CC) mode, also calculates open-circuit (C) bail-out (B). SETUP Uses the current gases programmed into the Petrel, as well as the current GF low/high settings. VPM-B dive planning is available on units with the optional VPM-B unlock. Deco profile is computed for the current circuit mode (CC or C). N THE SURFACE Enter the dive bottom depth, bottom time, respiratory minute volume(rmv) and PP2 (closed-circuit only). Note: Residual tissue loading (and CNS%) from recent dives will be used in calculating the profile. DURING A DIVE Computes the decompression profile assuming the ascent will begin immediately. There are no settings to enter. (RMV is last used value) Dive Plan Setup LIMITATINS The Petrel Dive Planner is intended for simple dives. Multi-level dives are not supported. The Petrel Dive Planner makes the following assumptions: Descent rate is 60ft/min (18m/min) and the ascent rate is 33ft/min (10m/min). For C, the gas in use will be the gas with the highest PP2 less than 1.40 for the bottom gas, and 1.61 for deco gases (the deco gas max PP2 can be changed in the Adv Config 1 menu). For CC, the gas in use will be the gas with the highest PP2 less than The planner will use the configured last stop depth. For CC, the PP2 is constant for the entire dive. The RMV is the same while diving as during deco. Semi-closed uses a metabolic offset. 39 Shearwater Research Inc. Revision 1.1.0

40 The Dive Planner does not provide thorough validation of the profile. For example, it does not check for nitrogen narcosis limitations, gas usage limitations, CNS percentage violations, or isobaric counter-diffusion risks due to sudden helium switches. The user is responsible for ensuring a safe profile is followed. RESULT SCREENS The results are given in tables showing: Stp: Stop Depth In feet (or meters) Tme: Stop Time In minutes Run: Run Time In minutes Qty: Gas Quantity in CuFt (or liters). C and B only The first two rows are special, the first row showing the bottom time and the second showing the ascent to the first stop. When diving, these two rows are not displayed. Example Results Table for Closed-Circuit and Bailout. If more than 5 stops are needed, the results will be split onto on several screens. Use the right button to step through the screens. For C or B profiles, a total gas consumption report is given. Gas Usage Report 40 Shearwater Research Inc. Revision 1.1.0

41 The final result screen shows the total dive time, the time spent on deco and final CNS%. Results Summary Screen If no decompression is required, no table will be shown. Instead, the total No-Decompression- Limit (NDL) time in minutes, at the given bottom depth will be reported. Also, the gas quantity required to surface (bailout in CC) will be reported. No Decompression Results Screen Conservatism The conservatism settings (GF High and GF Low) can be edited in the Dive Setup menu. While diving, only the GH High value can be edited. This allows changing the surfacing conservatism during a dive. For example, if you worked much harder on the bottom segment than expected, you may wish to add conservatism by reducing the GF High setting Conserv 3/7 Next Edit 41 Shearwater Research Inc. Revision 1.1.0

42 NDL Display The NDL Display option allows you to display four different values during the dive. The display can be changed during the dive to provide different information. Pushing SELECT will make the NDL display editable. The first choice available will be NDL. If you select NDL, the NDL will always be displayed during the dive whether or not you have a decompression ceiling. The next selection is CEIL. With this setting, as long as the NDL time is 0 (you have a decompression ceiling), the raw ceiling will be displayed instead of the NDL. This is the equivalent of the Man on a rope. It will show your ceiling without it being rounded up to the next even 10 foot or 3 meter stop. Please note that there is very limited information on the effects of following a continuous ceiling instead of stopping at stops and only moving up to the next stop when the stop has cleared. NDL Display NDL Next Change Change Edit NDL Display NDL Save NDL Display CEIL Save It is the author s opinion that all stops should be honored. It seems intuitive that if you have bubbles, and you stop, you give the bubbles an opportunity to be resorbed. If you continuously ascend, the ambient pressure is continuously reduced which prevents bubbles from shrinking. Because of this belief, the computer will give one MISSED DEC STP message during the dive and one after the dive, and will flash the stop depth and time in red as long as you are above the stop depth. It will use the increased gradient though, and your calculated off-gassing will be faster than staying at the stops. The next option is to display the actual supersaturation gradient for a pure Bühlmann (99/99) profile. The selection is GF99. With this setting, as long as the NDL time is 0 (you have a decompression ceiling), the gradient will be displayed instead of the NDL. The number shown is the percentage of supersaturation. The number is calculated by reference to the Ambient Pressure Line and the M-Value line. It can be thought of as the current GF, but it is different in a couple of ways. First, the current GF generates stops rounded to the nearest 10 feet or 3 meters. So a gradient of 40 may reflect a ceiling of 15 feet, but the computer will show a rounded-up 20 foot stop. NDL Display GF99 Change Save /HE GF99 TTS CC 1/ Shearwater Research Inc. Revision 1.1.0

43 This number can be used in several ways. First, it can be used to calculate an aggressive ascent that still has some justification in decompression science. For example, if a diver were to lose a significant portion of their gas and needed to get shallow fast, they could ascend until they reached a gradient of 90, then stop until it dropped to 80, then ascend to 90 again, etc. That would produce a Bühlmann-like profile with very little conservatism. In an emergency, that may be an acceptable risk. Another use might be to do a slower ascent on a dive to sightsee, but to stay in the decompression zone by keeping the gradient above 0. Another use would be to observe the rapidly increasing gradient in the last 10 feet to the surface and slow that ascent. All of this is based on gradient theory that may be completely false. There is significant disagreement in the decompression research community about the nature and practice of decompression. Any techniques described here should be considered experimental, but the concepts may be useful to the advanced diver. The last selection This feature was inspired by Dan Wible s CCR2000 computer (Thanks Dan!) It is the time-to-surface (TTS) if you were to stay at the current depth for five more minutes. This can be used as a measure of how much you are on-gassing or off-gassing. NDL Change Save For example, on a dive on a wreck, you go to the bottom until you accumulate the desired decompression and TTS. After ascending to the second deck, you notice that and TTS are the same. That means that you can spend 5 minutes exploring this deck without incurring more decompression. nce you get to the top deck, the current has picked up. The line runs from the top of the deck to the surface which is a distance of 30 feet/10 m. You see that is 11 minutes and your TTS is 15 minutes. That means that you can stay down out of the current for 5 minutes and burn off about 4 minutes of deco. You may decide to accept the 80% decompression efficiency and stay out of the current. When your TTS is 10 minutes, you see that is 9 minutes. Since the decompression is not very efficient now, you go up the line and spend the last 10 minutes in the current. 43 Shearwater Research Inc. Revision 1.1.0

44 External PP2 Monitoring The next menu item is used to turn external PP2 monitoring on and off. By default, external monitoring is turned off and reads Int. for Internal fixed setpoint mode. This setting can be changed to Ext. to enable external PP2 monitoring from oxygen sensors. Now the PP2 of the three sensors is displayed. A valid calibration must have been previously performed (see the Calibration section). This system is plugged into three sensors and using the PP2 input from the sensors as the system average PP2 used for decompression calculations and CNS tracking. A voting algorithm is used to decide which of the three sensors are likely to be correct. If a sensor matches either of the other two sensors within ±20%, it passes voting. The system average PP2 is the average of all sensors that have passed voting. For example, here sensor 3 has failed voting. The PP2 is displayed in yellow to show that it has failed voting. The system average PP2 is the average PP2 of sensor 1 and 2. If all sensors fail voting, then the display will alternate VTING FAILED with the PP2 measurements (which will all be yellow to indicate that voting has failed). When voting has failed, the lowest PP2 reading will be used for deco calculations (i.e. the most conservative value). Switching to pen Circuit bailout with External PP2 Monitoring If you bailout to C mode, the external PP2 will continue to display on the main screen. However, the system PP2 used for deco calculations will change to C mode (i.e. PP2 is the fraction of 2 multiplied by the current depth s pressure). The external PP2 continues to display because the diver may need to return to the loop, and will need to know the PP2 status of the loop, even though the sensor input is not being used as the system PP2..7 PP2 Mode Change Change Int. Save PP2 Mode Ext. Save /HE NDL TTS CC 21/ DilP2 CNS AvgP Switch CC > C /HE NDL TTS C 21/ CNS AvgP Shearwater Research Inc. Revision 1.1.0

45 If we now unplug sensor 1 and sensor 3, the computer will use voting logic to pick the two sensors that agree and will think the PP2 is 0. Sensor 2 will be voted out and flashing yellow. This is a limitation of voting logic, and the user will have to determine which sensors are correct. With sensors one and three unplugged, we simulate the situation of single sensor monitoring. If we calibrate in this situation, the system will assume that this computer is only attached to one sensor, and will re-configure for fourth sensor monitoring..97 2/HE NDL TTS CC 21/.97 DilP2 CNS AvgP It will no longer average the sensors or vote on them. Now the single sensor is the only one considered and the PP2 used for calculations is the PP2 of the single sensor. Brightness The display brightness has three fixed brightness settings plus an Auto mode. The fixed options are: Low: Longest battery life. Med: Best mix of battery life and readability. High: Easiest readability, especially in bright sunlight. Brightness Auto Exit Edit Auto will use the light sensor to determine the brightness of the display. The more ambient light there is, the brighter the display will get. At depth, or in dark water, very little brightness is needed to see the display. The Auto setting works well in most situations. The brightness of the display is the major determinant of battery life. Up to 80% of the power consumption is to power the display. When a low battery alert occurs, the display brightness is automatically reduced to extend battery life. 45 Shearwater Research Inc. Revision 1.1.0

46 Dive Log Menu Display Log At the Display Log prompt, press SELECT to view the most recent dive. The profile of the dive is plotted in blue, with decompression stops plotted in red. The following information is displayed: - Maximum and Average depth - Dive number - Date (mm/dd/yy) - Start- Start of dive - End- End of dive - Length of dive in minutes Press MENU to see the next dive, or SELECT to quit viewing logs. Press Back to see the list of dive logs, and next to select the next dive and View. Dive Log Display Log Next Display ft 163ft 40min Start 2:10PM Back Upload Log See Firmware Upload and Dive Log Download instructions. Logs are uploaded using Bluetooth. Selecting this menu item starts the Bluetooth connection and then waits for commands from a desktop or laptop computer. Edit Log Number The dive log number can be edited. This is useful if you want the Petrel log numbers to match your lifetime dive count. At the Edit Log Number prompt, press SELECT to begin editing. While editing, use MENU to change the value of the currently underlined digit, and SELECT to move to the next digit. The next dive number will be +1 from the value entered here. For example, if you enter 0015, then the next dive will be dive number 16. Edit Log Number Next Next Edit Log Number= Edit 46 Shearwater Research Inc. Revision 1.1.0

47 System Setup+ System Setup contains configuration settings together in a convenient format for updating the configuration before a dive. System setup cannot be accessed during a dive. However, many of the settings are also available during the dive in a single line interface. Although all of the settings available in Dive Setup are available in System Setup, not all settings in System Setup can be edited in Dive Setup. The MENU and SELECT buttons are context sensitive to each sub menu and individual setting. When cycling through the sub-menus, MENU will carry the user to the next sub-menu, while SELECT will allow the user to edit the options in this submenu. nce the user has pressed SELECT to edit a submenu, MENU will cycle the user through the different submenu listings, while SELECT will let the user edit those listings. nce the user has pressed SELECT to edit a submenu listing MENU will be used to change the context sensitive variable, while the SELECT button will be used to move to the next field. nce the user has pressed SELECT through all the fields, the new user preferences will be saved. System Setup+ Example Menu Example Example Example Example Example Next Example Menu Example Example Example Example Example Change..... Edit..... Next 47 Shearwater Research Inc. Revision 1.1.0

48 Dive Setup The first submenu of System Setup+ is Dive Setup. Mode Mode sets which breathing circuit configurations are available: C/CC (default) C C/SC (only on models with external PP2 connector). Gauge (e.g. bottom timer mode) Dive Setup Mode High SP Salinity PP2 Mode Low SP High SP Next.7 C/CC 1.3 Salt CEIL Int Edit Edit Important information for PEN CIRCUIT divers All Petrel models include Closed Circuit (CC) functionality. Leaving CC mode enabled makes the Petrel more complex and less optimized for C diving. Switch Mode from C/CC to C before performing an open circuit only dive. Also, when CC mode is available, then C is treated as bailout. This is why C is shown as a yellow warning when CC mode is available. When changing to or from Gauge mode, the decompression tissues are cleared. This is because when in Gauge mode the Petrel does not know what gas you are breathing. Salinity Water type (salinity) affects how the measured pressure is converted to depth. Settings: Fresh EN13319 Salt Fresh and Salt water differ by about 3%. Salt water, being denser, will display a shallower depth for the same measured pressure versus the Fresh water setting. The EN13319 value is between Fresh and Salt. It is from the European CE standard for dive computers, and is the Petrel s default value. 48 Shearwater Research Inc. Revision 1.1.0

49 PP2 Mode PP2 mode is only set when CC is enabled. n the Petrel Standalone (SA) model, this value is always Int (internal fixed PP2). Dive Setup Mode High SP Salinity PP2 Mode Low SP High SP Next.7 C/CC 1.3 Salt CEIL Int Edit Edit n the Petrel External (EXT) model, this value can be set to either: Int. (Internal fixed PP2 set points) Ext. (External measured PP2) The PP2 Mode can also be changed, even during a dive, in the Dive Setup menu. When semi-closed circuit (SC) is used, the PP2 mode must be Ext. Low and High Setpoints The Low and High PP2 Setpoints are only available when CC is enabled and PP2 Mode is Internal. Each setpoint can be set from 0.4 to 1.5. The setpoints can also be edited, even during a dive, in the Dive Setup menu. 49 Shearwater Research Inc. Revision 1.1.0

50 Deco Setup Deco Model May just show Bühlmann ZHL-16 with gradient factors model, or it may allow you to switch between GF and various types of VPM-B. The choices will be available if you have unlocked VPM-B. Conservatism Can be adjusted in either the GF or VPM model. For a more detailed explanation of their meaning for the GF algorithm, please refer to Erik Baker s excellent articles: Clearing Up The Confusion About Deep Stops and Understanding M-values. The articles are readily available on the web. VPM-B has conservatism settings from 0 to +5, with higher numbers being more conservative. Deco Setup Deco Model Conserv(GF) Last Stop NDL Display Next GF 3/7 6m CEIL Edit Last Stop Allows you to chose where to do your last stop. The choices are 10ft/3m and 20ft/6m. Note that this setting does not affect decompression. It only makes the TTS prediction more accurate. NDL Display These options were previously covered in the Dive Setup+ section. C Gases The next submenu is C Gases. This menu allows the user to edit the open circuit gases. The options contained here are the same as those in the Define Gases subsection of the Dive Setup section contained earlier in this manual. The interface conveniently displays all five gases simultaneously. C Gases 1 C n 2 C ff 3 C ff 4 C ff 5 C ff Next 21/ / / / / Edit For a description of how to appropriately set each gas, please see the above Define Gas section CC Gases The next submenu is CC Gases. This menu allows the user to edit the closed circuit diluent gases. The options contained here are the same as those in the Define Gases subsection of the Dive Setup section contained earlier in this manual. The interface conveniently displays all five gases simultaneously. For a description of how to appropriately set each gas, please see the above Define Gas section CC Gases A1 CC n 2 CC ff 3 CC ff 4 CC ff 5 CC ff Next 21/ / / / / Edit 50 Shearwater Research Inc. Revision 1.1.0

51 2 Setup This menu page is only available in Closed-Circuit (CC) or Semi- Closed (SC) mode when PP2 mode is set to external (see Dive Setup page). Cal. F2 This setting allows you to set the fraction of oxygen (F2) of the calibration gas. In CC mode, the calibration gas F2 can be set from 0.70 to The default value of 0.98 is for pure oxygen, but assumes about 2% water vapor due to the diver s breathing on the loop during the flushing process. In SC mode, the calibration gas F2 can be set from 0.20 to This is because semi-closed divers do not always have oxygen available. Note: When in SC mode the user cannot utilize internal PP2 monitoring. 2 Setup Cal. F2 Sensor Disp Next.98 Giant Edit Sensor Disp Sets the sensor display mode on the center row of the main screen. In CC mode, the available settings are: Large: the PP2 text is the normal large font. Giant: the PP2 text is larger. In SC mode, the available settings are: PP2: the PP2 is shown. Fi2: the Fraction of inspired 2 (Fi2) is shown. Both: PP2 shown is large font, Fi2 below in small font. Auto SP (Setpoint) Switch This menu page is only available in CC mode when PP2 mode is set to internal (see Dive Setup page). Auto Setpoint Switch configuration sets up the setpoint switching. It can be set up to auto switch up only, down only, both, or neither. First, you set the whether the Up switch occurs automatically or manually. If Up is set to Auto, then you can set the depth at which the auto switch occurs. 51 Shearwater Research Inc. 2 Setup Cal. F2 Sensor Disp Change Auto SP Switch Up:.7>1.3 Up Depth Down: 1.3>.7 Down Depth Next.98 Fi2 Save 96% 97% 97% 2/HE NDL TTS CC 21/ In SC Mode, the center row can show Fi2 instead of PP2 Auto 7ft Auto 4ft Edit Revision 1.1.0

52 The menu options are the same for the down setpoint switch. Example: Up: 0.7>1.3 = Auto, Up Depth = 70 ft. Down: 1.3>0.7 = Auto, Down Depth = 41ft The dives starts at the 0.7 setpoint. As you descend past 70ft, the setpoint switches up to 1.3. You finish your bottom time, then begin ascending. When you ascend above 41ft, it switches down to 0.7. When a switch is set to Auto, you can always manually override the setting at any time during the dive. Each auto setpoint switch can occur only once per dive. Auto SP Switch Up:.7>1.3 Up Depth Down: 1.3>.7 Down Depth Change Auto SP Switch Up:.7>1.3 Up Depth Down: 1.3>.7 Change Auto 7ft Auto 41ft Next Auto 7ft Manual Save Either switch can be set to auto or manual independent of the other switch. The values 0.7 and 1.3 are shown as examples only. ther values for the low and high setpoint can be adjusted in the Dive Setup menu. Display Setup Units Two options are available: Feet: Imperial units (depth in feet, temperature in F) Meters: Metric units (depth in meters, temperature in C) Brightness Screen brightness can be set to fixed levels or an automatic setting. Fixed options: Low: Longest battery life. Med: Best mix of battery life and readability. High: Easiest readability, especially in bright sunlight. The Auto option measures ambient light levels and then adjusts the screen brightness to best performance. It provides maximum brightness in bright sunlight, but then lowers brightess to save battery life when the environment gets darker. Display Setup Units Brightness Altitude Flip Screen Next Edit Display Setup Units Brightness Altitude Flip Screen Change Save Display Setup Units Brightness Altitude Flip Screen Feet Auto SeaLvl Feet Med SeaLvl Feet Auto SeaLvl Change Save 52 Shearwater Research Inc. Revision 1.1.0

53 Altitude The altitude setting when set to Auto will compensate for pressure changes when diving at altitude. If all your diving is at sea level, then setting this to SeaLvl will assume that surface pressure is always 1013 mbar (1 atmosphere). Diving At Altitude When diving at altitude you must set this option to Auto (the default setting is SeaLvl ). Further, when diving at altitude, you must turn the computer on at the surface. If the auto-on safety feature is allowed to turn the computer on after a dive has started then the computer assumes the surface pressure is 1013 mbar. If at altitude this could result in incorrect decompression calculations. Flip Screen This function displays the contents of the screen upside down. This is used for systems with a permanent connection to a rebreather. It allows the computer to be worn on the right arm. Display Setup Units Brightness Altitude Flip Screen Change Display Setup Units Brightness Altitude Flip Screen Change Feet Auto Auto Save Feet Auto SeaLvl Display Setup Save Exit Flip Feet Auto SeaLvl Units Brightness Altitude Flip Screen 53 Shearwater Research Inc. Revision 1.1.0

54 System Setup Date The first System Setup changeable option is Date, which allows the user to set the current date. Time The next System Setup changeable option is Time, which allows the user to set the current time. The format can be set to AM, PM or 24 hour time. Unlock Code The next System Setup changeable option is Unlock, which allows the user to enter in an unlock in order to change models and to set other features. Load Upgrade Use this option to load firmware upgrades. This starts a Bluetooth connection and then waits for commands from a laptop or desktop computer. System Setup Date 14-Aug-212 Time 3:28PM Unlock Load Upgrade Reset to Defaults Next Edit System Setup Date 14-Aug-212 Time 12:28PM Unlock Load Upgrade Reset to Defaults Next Edit System Setup Date 14-Aug-212 Time 12:28PM Unlock Load Upgrade Reset to Defaults Next Unlock System Setup Date 14-Aug-212 Time 12:28PM 8567 Load Upgrade Reset to Defaults Change Unlock Next See the section Firmware Upload and Dive Log Download for detailed instructions. Reset to Defaults The final System Setup option is Reset to Defaults. This will reset all user changed options to factory settings and clear the tissues on the Petrel. Reset to Defaults cannot be reversed. Note: This will not delete dive logs, or reset dive log numbers. System Setup Date 14-Aug-212 Time 12:28PM Unlock Load Upgrade Reset to Defaults Exit Reset 54 Shearwater Research Inc. Revision 1.1.0

55 Advanced Configuration 1 Advanced configuration contains items that will be used infrequently and can be ignored by most users. They provide more detailed configurations. The first screen allows you to enter the advanced configuration area, or to set the advanced configurations settings to their default. Advanced Config Enter Adv. Config Reset Adv. Config System Info Battery Info Done Edit Title Color The title colors can be changed for added contrast or visual appeal. Default is Cyan, with gray, white and blue also available. End Dive Delay Sets the time in seconds to wait after surfacing before ending the current dive. This value can be set from 20 seconds to 600 seconds (10 minutes). Default is 60s. Adv. Config 1 Title Color End Dive Delay Bat Icon Gas Select Next Blue 6s Surf + Warn Classic Edit This value can be set to a longer time if you want brief surface intervals connected together into one dive. Some instructors use a longer end dive delay when teaching courses. Alternatively, a shorter time can be used to exit dive mode more quickly upon surfacing. Battery Icon The behavior of the battery icon can be changed here. ptions are: Surf+Warn: The battery icon displays always when on the surface. During dive it displays only if there is a low battery warning. Always: The battery icon always displays. Warn nly: The battery icon only appears when there is a low battery warning (this is how the Predator operates). Gas Select The style of Select Gas menu. Either Classic or New. Classic style shows one gas at a time in the large font. New style shows all gases at once, but in the small font. 55 Shearwater Research Inc. Revision 1.1.0

56 Advanced Configuration 2 This section allows changing of PP2 limits. Warning: Do not change these values unless you understand the effect. All values are in absolute atmospheres [ata] of pressure (1 ata = Bar) C Min. PP2 PP2 displays in flashing red when less than this value. (Default 0.19) C Max. PP2 PP2 displays in flashing red when greater than this value. (Default 1.65) C Deco. PP2 The decompression predictions (TTS and NDL) will assume that the gas in use at a given depth is the gas with the highest PP2 that is less than or equal to this value. Also, the suggested gas switches (when the current gas is displayed in yellow) are determined by this value. If you change this value, please understand its effect. For example, if lowered to 1.50, then oxygen (99/00) will not be assumed at 20ft/6m. (Default 1.61) Note: Semi-closed (SC) PP2 alarms and gas switch depths use the C values. CC Min. PP2 PP2 displays in flashing red when less than this value. (Default 0.40) CC Max. PP2: PP2 displays in flashing red when greater than this value. (Default 1.60) Note: In both C and CC mode, a Low PP2 or High PP2 alert is displayed when the limits are violated for more than 30 seconds. Adv. Config 2 C Min. PP2 C Max. PP2 C Deco PP2 CC Min. PP2 CC Max. PP2 Done Edit 56 Shearwater Research Inc. Revision 1.1.0

57 Firmware Upload and Dive Log Download Bluetooth communications are used for both Firmware Uploading and Dive Log Downloading. NTE: Upgrading the firmware resets decompression tissue loading. Plan repetitive dives accordingly. Upload Log Next Upload Start a Bluetooth connection by selecting the Upload Log menu. The Petrel screen will switch from Initializing to Wait PC which will have a countdown. Now go back to the Shearwater Desktop. Click start from the open Update Firmware Box, or Download Log. The PC will then connect to the Petrel, and send the new firmware. The Petrel screen will give percentile updates of receiving the firmware, then the Personal Computer will read Firmware successfully sent to the computer. After receiving the new firmware, the Petrel will reset and display a message stating either firmware update success or failure. Warning: During the update process, the screen may flicker or go blank for a few seconds. Do not remove the battery during the upgrade process. 57 Shearwater Research Inc. Revision 1.1.0

58 Changing the Battery NTE: A large coin or washer is required for this section. Turn off the Petrel It is a good practice to turn off the Petrel before removing the battery. If removed while on, then there is a small chance (about 1 in 5000) that the deco tissues will be corrupted. The Petrel detects this using a cyclic redundancy check (CRC), so there is no danger. However, the tissues will be lost and repetitive dives will need to be planned accordingly. Remove the battery cap Insert the coin or washer into the battery cap slot. Unscrew by turning counter clockwise until the battery cap is free. Be sure to store the battery cap in a clean dry space. Exchange the battery Remove the existing battery by tilting the Petrel computer. Insert the new battery positive contact first. A small diagram on the bottom of the Petrel shows the proper orientation. Accepted battery types The Shearwater Petrel can accept a wide variety of AA sized batteries. The Petrel can accept any AA sized (or size) battery that outputs a voltage between 0.9V and 4.3V. Reinstalling the battery cap It is very important that the battery cap -ring is clear of dust or debris. Carefully inspect your -ring for any debris or damage and gently clean. It is recommended that you lubricate your battery cap s -ring on a regular basis with an -ring lubricant compatible with Buna-N (Nitrile) -rings. Lubricating helps ensure that the -ring seats properly and does not twist or bunch. Insert the battery cap into the Petrel and compress the battery contact springs. While the springs are compressed rotate the battery cap clockwise to engage the threads. Be sure not to cross thread the battery cap s threads. Tighten the battery cap until snug. Do not over tighten the battery cap. 58 Shearwater Research Inc. Revision 1.1.0

59 Battery Types After changing the battery, a screen will prompt for the battery type to be entered. The Petrel attempts to guess what type of battery is being used. If the battery type is incorrect, it should be manually edited. Having the battery type set correctly is important so that the Petrel can give low battery warnings at the proper voltage levels. Supported battery types are: 1.5V Alkaline: The common AA battery type that can be purchased at most supermarkets and electronics stores around the world. Not rechargeable. Inexpensive and reliable, they provide 35 hours of operation. Recommended. 1.5V Photo Lithium: Fairly common, but more expensive than alkalines. They provide about 55 hours of operation. Not rechargeable. Good for use in very cold water. Recommended. 1.2V NiMH: Common rechargeable batteries used in digital cameras and photo flashes. Can have high self discharge. Provide about 30 hours of operation per charge. Can die quickly, so care should be taken to ensure sufficient charge prior to diving. 3.6V Saft: The Saft LS14500 lithium batteries provide very high energy density. However, their high cost makes other battery types a better choice for most users. Provide about 100 hours of operation. Can die quickly, so care should be taken to ensure sufficient charge prior to diving. 3.7V Li-Ion: Rechargeable14500 Li-Ion batteries provide about 35 hours of operation per charge. Can be ordered from the internet. Have more gradual voltage drop as discharged, so easier to determine remaining capacity than NiMH rechargeables. Good in cold water. NTE: Battery operating lifetimes are given with screen on medium brightness and at room temperature. Higher brightness and lower temperature can reduce life. Lower brightness can increase life. 59 Shearwater Research Inc. Revision 1.1.0

60 Tissues Cleared Some conditions will cause the decompression inert gas tissue loadings to be cleared. When cleared, the tissues are set to being saturated with breathing air at the current barometric pressure. The Petrel does not lock-out when the tissues are cleared. If the tissues are cleared, then the diver must take appropriate cautions when planning repetitive dives. The Petrel clearly notifies when tissues are cleared, so that the diver has the proper information to make responsible decisions. For example, after changing the battery, you will see one of these two screens: Conditions that cause the tissues to be cleared are: Firmware Updates: A firmware update will clear the tissues. Therefore, updating the firmware in the middle of a dive trip is not a good idea. User Request: You can clear the tissues manually in the System Setup System Setup menu. Use the Reset To Defaults option. This will then prompt if you want to reset the settings only, the tissues only, or both. Slow Battery Change: Quick battery changes do not normally cause the tissues to be cleared. A super capacitor stores energy to keep the clock running for at least 15 minutes during a battery change. If battery removed for longer than 15 minutes, then the tissues will be cleared. Corruption: A 32-bit cyclic redundancy check (CRC) is used to verify the integrity of the tissues each time the Petrel is turned on. If corrupted, the tissues will be cleared. The most likely cause of corruption is removing the battery with the Petrel turned on. Therefore, turning the Petrel off before changing the battery is the best practice. Changing To/From Gauge Mode: In gauge mode the Petrel does not know what gas you are breathing and cannot track tissue loading. Therefore, when changing to or from gauge mode, the tissues are cleared. 60 Shearwater Research Inc. Revision 1.1.0